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Background: Dilaceration is a rare dental condition that can occur during tooth development, resulting in distortion of the normal axial relationship between the crown and root. Although it can affect any tooth, it most commonly occurs in permanent incisors, often as a result of trauma to the primary predecessor. The impact of even a slight displacement of a primary incisor can be significant, disrupting the normal development of the follicles of new permanent teeth. Despite its rarity, dilaceration can pose significant challenges for dental professionals in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Case Description: A case report of a 27-year-old female patient is presented, who attended with a missing maxillary left permanent central incisor and a hard palpable bulge in the maxillary vestibular area. Radiography revealed an impacted maxillary left central incisor, which was found to be dilacerated with a 120⁰ angle. Consequently, surgical extraction of the impacted tooth was planned as orthodontic extrusion is not a viable option in such cases. The extracted tooth was found to have no signs of resorption, and healing was progressing satisfactorily. Conclusion: Radiography is the most reliable method of detecting the condition. The report emphasizes the importance of detecting dilaceration early and adhering to basic principles for its diagnosis and management. Clinical Significance: The report provides valuable insights for dental professionals on the surgical management of severely dilacerated teeth and the need for a multidisciplinary approach due to the high risk of root fractures. Received: 04 March 2023Accepted: 09 April 2023Published: 20 April 2023

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dilaceration in a sample of patients presenting for initial orthodontic care. METHODS: Examining radiographs from a random sample of orthopantomogram images was used to acquire the data. In all, 2,801 dental records were evaluated at Oman Dental College (ODC), Oman. A dental X‑ray processing software was utilized to view the images. A tooth was classified as having a mesial/distal dilaceration if its long axis exhibited an angle of 90 degrees or greater. Dilacerated roots in the buccal/lingual direction were diagnosed by observing the appearance of a spherical opaque area with a dark shadow in its central region, projected by the apical foramen, which gave the root canal a “bull’s‑eye” appearance. RESULTS: Dilacerations were found in 17.32% of the records examined. The maxillary second molars (22.71%) were the most commonly affected, followed by the mandibular third molars and mandibular lateral incisors (21.90% and 17.23%, respectively). The central incisors and canines were the least affected, with dilaceration affecting less than 0.2% of the teeth. The mandible was found to have more dilacerations than the maxilla (53.78% and 46.22%, respectively). 61.03% of dilacerations occurred in molars, 43.12% of which occurred in third molars. CONCLUSION: Dilaceration is a notable dental anomaly that can affect any tooth, with some teeth being more affected than others. Dilaceration in maxillary second molars and mandibular lateral incisors is more common in the population of this study than in other populations reported in the literature. Recognizing the condition will allow for more effective orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental disturbances in the permanent dentition are commonly seen due to traumatic injuries to the primary teeth, especially intrusive and avulsion injuries of the overlaying primary incisors. These disturbances may range from enamel discoloration or hypoplasia, crown/root dilaceration, odontoma-like malformation and eruption disturbances. Concrescence is extremely rare in anterior teeth. This case report describes a rare case that showed a concrescence of the unerupted maxillary right lateral incisor and maxillary central incisor with crown dilaceration. Awareness regarding early diagnosis and the consequences of untreated trauma to primary teeth should be emphasized.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir endodontik hasta popülasyon örneğinde cinsiyet ve diş tiplerine göre kök dilaserasyonu sıklığını ve dağılımını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2016 ile 2018 tarihleri arasında Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Endodonti Ana Bilim Dalı’na başvuran 500 hastanın dijital panoramik radyografileri kullanılarak retrospektif bir çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Tüm daimi dişler incelendi. Dilaserasyon gözlenen hastaların cinsiyeti ve dilaserasyon görülen dişin tipi ve bulunduğu çene kaydedildi. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi Pearson ki-kare ve Z-oran testi ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada toplam 500 adet panoramik radyografi değerlendirildi. Bu radyografların 68 (%13.6)’inde ve incelenen 13014 dişin 74 (%0.57)’ünde dilaserasyon saptandı. Bu dilasere dişlerin 20 (%27.0)’sinin maksillada, 54 (%73.0)’ünün ise mandibulada olduğu görüldü. Bu dilasere dişlerin 8 tanesi (%10.8) kesici dişlerde, 6 tanesi (%8.1) premolar dişlerde ve 60 tanesi (%81) ise molar dişlerdeydi. Kök dilaserasyonunun sıklığı mandibulada, maksilladan anlamlı derecede farklı bulundu (p0.05). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Endodontik tedavinin başarısında kök kanalların biyomekanik preperasyonu ve mikroorganizmaların kök kanal sisteminden etkili bir şekilde uzaklaştırılması önemlidir. Bu nedenle endodontik tedaviden önce kök dilaserasyonunu teşhis etmek hem tedavi sırasındaki komplikasyonları önlemek hem de iyi bir tedavi yapabilmek için kritik önem taşımaktadır.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate nonsyndromic developmental dental anomalies (DDAs) in individuals born from consanguineous and nonconsanguineous marriages and the possible effects of these marriages on self-reported systemic diseases. Methods: The study comprised a total of 880 patients aged 16 years or older who applied to our clinic for various dental problems. Based on detailed anamnesis, the patients were divided into 2 groups: individuals born from consanguineous (study group, n = 445) and nonconsanguineous (control group, n = 435) marriages. The parents’ consanguinity type was also recorded, as well as the presence of any self-reported systemic diseases. The number, size, erupted, and morphological DDA types were investigated with both clinical and radiological examinations. All data from the 2 groups were recorded, and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the consanguineous marriage and the size (microdontia), and morphological (dilaceration and taurodontism) DDA types. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between consanguineous marriage and self-reported systemic disease but not between the parents’ consanguinity type and systemic disease. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that consanguineous marriage affects DDAs.

Developmental disturbances in the permanent dentition are commonly seen due to traumatic injuries to the primary teeth, especially intrusive and avulsion injuries of the overlaying primary incisors. These disturbances may range from enamel discoloration or hypoplasia, crown/root dilaceration, odontoma-like malformation and eruption disturbances. Concrescence is extremely rare in anterior teeth. This case report describes a rare case that showed a concrescence of the unerupted maxillary right lateral incisor and maxillary central incisor with crown dilaceration. Awareness regarding early diagnosis and the consequences of untreated trauma to primary teeth should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root dilaceration (DL) has a significant impact on orthodontic treatment. However, its etiology is still debatable. One of the etiologic factors of DL is the dentigerous cyst (DC); therefore, the aim of our case-series clinical study was the association between DL and DCs. This retrospective study is comprised of five clinical cases of DL associated with the presence of DCs of developmental origin. In all of these cases, other dental anomalies (impaction, transposition, supernumerary teeth, and congenitally missing teeth) were found, and accordingly, the association between DL and DCs might be of genetic origin in a dental anomaly pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic dental injury (TDI) to primary dentition is often not given sufficient attention by parents. Parents misunderstand that primary teeth are only temporary before permanent successors replace them. Luxation injuries, like intrusion and avulsion of primary teeth, often give rise to tooth dilaceration of permanent successor teeth, that some cannot erupt. This case describes the dental management of a 10-yearold girl who had concerns about her esthetics due to the failure of the eruption of a permanent central incisor. She gave a history of tooth avulsion injury during her childhood to one of her upper front teeth. Parents did not give much thought to it and hence did not seek any treatment, under the impression that it was only a primary tooth. Investigations portrayed an unerupted dilacerated left permanent central incisor with its dilacerated root coming in proximity with the adjacent healthy root. The dilacerated tooth was extracted surgically, and the spaces between the maxillary permanent anterior teeth were orthodontically redistributed, followed by taking care of the esthetics of the arch by using a modified Essix space maintainer. This case mainly highlights the effect of TDI in early childhood and one of its dental consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A dental anomaly known as root dilaceration is defined as an abnormal curvature of the dental root which can cause complications in orthodontic, as well as problems during eruption. The main objective of this study is to determine the root dilaceration in permanent incisors among the Chennai population. Materialsandmethods: A total of 4960 teeth, which included 620 patients were examined. Each tooth was examined for root dilaceration, including the form (mild, moderate, or severe), root third, and root direction. A software (angle meter) was used to calculate the angle created by the root deviation in relation to the long tooth axis. Results: SPSS programv13.0 was used to perform an exploratory data analysis on the findings. The study sample had percent 2.12% (105 cases) of root dilaceration, with 53.84% female and 46.19% male patients, and the superior lateral incisor being the most affected tooth (80%). The mildest form of root dilaceration was the most common with 80% in the apical thirdand 84% towards the distal direction. Conclusion:Dilaceration is a relatively uncommon dental anomaly that affects all teeth. Recognizing the problem will make endodontic, orthodontic, and surgical care easier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prominent tooth location and root anomalies of impacted dilacerated incisors are a clinically challenging task for the orthodontist. The absence of anterior maxillary teeth has a significant impact on esthetics, speech, mastication, and psychosocial well-being in young patients. By nature of the vicinity, the impacted maxillary central incisors in children trigger a troubling condition for parents concerned with esthetics. The position, angulation, and direction of the patient's erupting tooth and crown and age are factors that hinder an impacted tooth's prognosis. Among these, the appropriate diagnosis of dilaceration is a crucial determinant of successful treatment. Decisions are made depending on the severity of dilacerations, whether the maxillary central incisor should be exposed and aligned or extracted and replaced by a prosthesis. The first treatment option always chosen to save the impacted maxillary central incisor is the exposure of the tooth surgically, followed by orthodontic traction forces. To prevent more complications, early intervention and detection of such cases are, therefore, most important. This case report elucidates the triumphant management in a 15-year-old female patient of a vertically impacted and dilacerated maxillary right central incisor positioned high in the vestibule, treated with a combined approach of surgical exposure and spontaneous orthodontic traction force.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dilaceration in a sample of patients presenting for initial orthodontic care. METHODS: Examining radiographs from a random sample of orthopantomogram images was used to acquire the data. In all, 2,801 dental records were evaluated at Oman Dental College (ODC), Oman. A dental X-ray processing software was utilized to view the images. A tooth was classified as having a mesial/distal dilaceration if its long axis exhibited an angle of 90 degrees or greater. Dilacerated roots in the buccal/lingual direction were diagnosed by observing the appearance of a spherical opaque area with a dark shadow in its central region, projected by the apical foramen, which gave the root canal a “bull's-eye” appearance. RESULTS: Dilacerations were found in 17.32% of the records examined. The maxillary second molars (22.71%) were the most commonly affected, followed by the mandibular third molars and mandibular lateral incisors (21.90% and 17.23%, respectively). The central incisors and canines were the least affected, with dilaceration affecting less than 0.2% of the teeth. The mandible was found to have more dilacerations than the maxilla (53.78% and 46.22%, respectively). 61.03% of dilacerations occurred in molars, 43.12% of which occurred in third molars. CONCLUSION: Dilaceration is a notable dental anomaly that can affect any tooth, with some teeth being more affected than others. Dilaceration in maxillary second molars and mandibular lateral incisors is more common in the population of this study than in other populations reported in the literature. Recognizing the condition will allow for more effective orthodontic treatment.

The root of late-dental-age labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors (LIIMCIs) typically develops to severe dilacerated morphology. Therefore, reliable posttreatment periodontal estimates of orthodontic treatment prognosis would be critical to the treatment value of impacted incisors. This study aims to analyze further changes in dimensions of the alveolar bone following the closed-eruption treatment of late-dental-age dilacerated LIIMCIs. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning data of 16 patients with unilateral dilacerated late-dental-age LIIMCIs were collected, including the pretreatment (T1) and at the 2.23 ± 0.78 years follow-up stage (T2) respectively. Patients underwent closed-eruption treatments to bring the impacted incisor into the dental arch. Dolphin imaging software was used to measure alveolar bone height labially, palatally, and proximally to the site at T1 and T2, as well as alveolar bone thicknesses at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm below the initial measurement plane (IMP). The alveolar bone heights on the impacted and contralateral sides increased from T1 to T2 ( p < 0.05). Alveolar bone growth on both sides had no significant difference. In T2, the mean values of labial and distal alveolar heights on the contralateral sides were greater than on the impacted sides ( p < 0.05). The mean values of total alveolar bone thicknesses on the impacted sides in T1 were significantly smaller than those on the contralateral sides in IMP-0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ( p < 0.05). The total thicknesses on the impacted sides in T2 increased and were significantly greater than on the contralateral sides ( p < 0.05), except for the thickness in IMP-0. The closed-eruption treatment of dilacerated late-dental-age LIIMCIs results in no significant changes to alveolar bone height, except on the labial and distal sides, with increased alveolar bone thickness, suggesting that this approach may be viable first choice therapy for non-extraction orthodontic cases., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Root dilaceration (DL) has a significant impact on orthodontic treatment. However, its etiology is still debatable. One of the etiologic factors of DL is the dentigerous cyst (DC); therefore, the aim of our case-series clinical study was the association between DL and DCs. This retrospective study is comprised of five clinical cases of DL associated with the presence of DCs of developmental origin. In all of these cases, other dental anomalies (impaction, transposition, supernumerary teeth, and congenitally missing teeth) were found, and accordingly, the association between DL and DCs might be of genetic origin in a dental anomaly pattern.

Trauma to the primary teeth, particularly in the early childhood, can lead to developmental anomalies in the enamel of permanent successors. This case report presents a 10-year-old boy with a history of trauma to his maxillary anterior teeth that led to crown dilaceration and discoloration of his maxillary incisors. He was successfully managed without root canal therapy and the crowns of central incisors were temporarily reconstructed with composite resin. Regular dental fallow-ups are recommended for trauma cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontoma is the most common odontogenic tumors. Although usually asymptomatic, it is often associated with tooth eruption disturbances. In exceptional cases, the odontoma erupts into the oral cavity. Approximately 20 cases of erupted odontoma have been reported in the literature. In contrast to the usual cases of odontoma, erupted odontoma may be painful with swelling and infection. Here, we report a case of erupted odontoma in the posterior mandible. The second molar was impacted, and its distal root was severely dilacerated. This case seems to be one of the largest erupted odontomas reported in the literature. However, despite its large size, the lesion had no associated symptoms. Of consideration is the association of this case with root dilaceration of the impacted second molar and the presence of maxillary peg laterals. Since the impacted second molar had the anomaly of dilaceration, its chance for eruption was minimal. Therefore, the odontoma was excised and the second molar was extracted.

Purpose: The aim of present investigation was to evaluate frequency of different angles, numbers of roots, depth of impaction in maxillary third molarsand their damages to nearby structuresby analyzing panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by analyzing panoramic radiography 382 (124 men & 258 women) patients who referred to baser radiography center, rad radiography center and Ardabil dental school between year 2014 to 2015. Results: The most frequent angle of impacted teeth in maxillary third molar in both genders was vertical (48/9%), and the most frequent depth was class C according Winter Classification System (46/8%), in approximately 85% of cases No space between teeth and sinus was observed and according to numbers of roots 54% of teeth had 2 roots, 22% 3 roots and 8% had only one root. The most important damage to nearby structures was angular periodontal lesions which were demonstrated in radiography (52%), making caries on second molars (100%), root resorption on second molars (6%) and in 18% no harmful lesions on molar 2 or radiographic lesions were detected. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, most of third impacted maxillary molars had enough space to maxillary sinus and most of them were vertically, thus extraction of these impacted teeth seems simple and possible. Keywords: Panoramic radiographs; Maxillae; Mandible; Impacted tooth; Ankylosis, Dilaceration; Alveolar clefts; Cleidocranial dysplasia; Amelogenesis imperfecta; Dentigerous cyst; Supernumerary teeth.

Brief Background: Dilaceration, a developmental disturbance, is thought to be due to trauma leading to change in the position of the calcified portion of the tooth and the tooth is formed at an angle. Such an injury to a permanent tooth, resulting in dilacerations, often follows traumatic injury to the primary predecessor. A study by Patiletal, on Indian population reported the prevalence of very rare developmental dental anomalies and dilacerationwas found to be only about 0.5% in prevalence. Case Details: A 9 year old male reported to the department of paediatric dentistry with complaint of missing central incisor in maxillary left arch. Radiographic examination revealed impacted maxillary left incisor with very unique and unusual extreme curve in root of same tooth giving it a characteristic U morphology. As the patient reported in mixed dentition stage, both the surgical, prosthodontic and pedodontic perspectives were kept in mind before planning for the treatment. Surgical removal was planned as it was not possible to save and place the tooth in the arch. Although surgical removal was challenging due to extreme curve and highly placed position of tooth, surgical removal was done successfully with roots and crown broken in two sectionsinspite of proper care during extraction procedure. Edentulous space was replaced with groper's appliance considering mixed dentition stageof the patient after successful healing as per the pedodontic perspectives. Conclusion: U shaped presentation of single rooted tooth is a one of the rarest findings. In children with age of interception, treatment should be planned wisely taking into consideration surgical, prosthodontic and pedodontic perspectives together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrusion injuries of the primary dentition are highly associated with developmental disturbances of their successor teeth. The age of the child at the time of injury, the direction and severity of the intrusion, and the presence of alveolar bone fracture are important variables influencing the effect of primary tooth intrusion on the developing permanent germ. The developmental detects of the permanent successor tooth range from mild alteration in enamel mineralization to severe sequestration of the developing germ. This article will review the developmental anomalies of the permanent incisors induced by intrusion injuries of their predecessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osica Piotr, Szczepkowska Aleksandra, Janas-Naze Anna. Głęboko zatrzymany ząb 21 z zagięciem koronowo-korzeniowym - opis przypadku = Deeply retained dilacerated tooth 21 - case report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):54-62. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.163885 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3962 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.10.2016. Revised 30.10.2016. Accepted: 31.10.2016. Głęboko zatrzymany ząb 21 z zagięciem koronowo-korzeniowym - opis przypadku Deeply retained dilacerated tooth 21 - case report Piotr Osica1, Aleksandra Szczepkowska1, Anna Janas-Naze1 1Zakład Chirurgii Stomatologicznej UM w Łodzi Kierownik: dr hab. n. med. prof. nadzw. Anna Janas-Naze Adres do korespondencji: Piotr Osica Zakład Chirurgii Stomatologicznej UM w Łodzi 92-213 Łódź, ul. Pomorska 251 e-mail: piotr.osica@umed.lodz.pl tel. 42 675 75 71 Praca finansowana przez Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi w ramach działalności statutowej nr 503/2-163-01/503-21-001 Streszczenie W pracy opisano przypadek 12 letniej dziewczynki z głęboko zatrzymanym zębem 21 z dilaceracją, czyli zagięciem koronowo-korzeniowym. Słowa kluczowe: ząb zatrzymany, dilaceracja, opóźnione wyrzynanie Abstract The article presents the case of 12 year old girl with deeply retained dilacerated tooth 21 with Key words: retained tooth, dilaceration, delayed eruption.

Purposes: This study aimed to contribute to understanding the factors affecting the time of traction treatment of impacted dilacerated maxillary central incisors., Methods: This retrospective study included children aged 8 - 11 years with a history of trauma, who applied to the pediatric dentistry clinics of Marmara University, School of Dentistry, between December 2013 and December 2019, and were treated for unilateral impacted dilacerated maxillary upper central incisors. Children's age, sex, digital panoramic radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography, and intraoral photographs were retrieved from electronic dental health records. The effects of children's age, sex, the direction of impacted teeth, distance of the teeth to the top of the alveolar crest, and root dilaceration level on traction time were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test., Results: The inverse position of the incisors significantly increased the traction time (P = 0.012). However, the traction time did not differ according to the sex of the children (P = 0.707) or the level of root dilaceration (P = 0.429). No correlation was observed between the traction time and the age of children (P = 0.644) or the distance of the incisors from the top of the alveolar crest (P = 0.397)., Conclusions: In cases of the forced eruption of for the impacted dilacerated maxillary central incisors, the direction of the teeth should be evaluated when deciding on the treatment plan, as it may affect the treatment time., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Radicular cysts arising from primary teeth are uncommon and, when present as large lesions, may adversely affect the underlying permanent teeth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the management of a very large atypical radicular cyst involving the primary dentition of a nine-year-old boy and causing extensive tooth displacement with transposition of the permanent maxillary left canine between the bicuspids. The root apex of the canine was close to the median level of the lateral border of the nasal cavity and showed incomplete root formation and signs of dilacerations in its apical third. Marsupialization was successfully performed, followed by long-term orthodontic treatment. This interdisciplinary management facilitated the lesion resolution for repositioning of the canine into functional occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erken çocukluk çağında yaşanan travmalara bağlı olarak daimi dişlerde yapı ve şekil bozukluklarına rastlanabilmekte, bu tür dişlerde enfeksiyonunun ilerlemesi sonucu görülen pulpa nekrozu daha sık olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Pulpası enfekte ve nekroze bir diş tedavi edilmediğindeyse; enfeksiyon intraoral ve ekstraoral yayılım gösterebilmektedir. Kliniğimize mentum bölgesinde ağrı şikayetiyle gelen 14 yaşındaki erkek hastanın yapılan extraoral muayenesinde mentumda fistül yoluna bağlı skar dokusu olduğu tespit edilmiş, intraoral muayenesinde, alt sağ birinci kesici dişinin labiale dilasere ve hipoplazik olduğu görülmüştür. Anamnez derinleştirildiğinde hastanın süt dişlenme döneminde alt anterior dişlerinin travmaya maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Hastanın malforme dişinin radyolojik incelemeleri sonucunda apikal bölgede radyolusensi olduğu görülmüştür. İlgili dişe kanal tedavisi uygulanıp fistül yolu intraoral müdahale ile eksize edilmiştir. Kontrol randevularında hastanın ağrı şikayetinin geçtiği ve fistülün skar dokusunun iyileşmeye başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Olgumuz, çocukluk çağında maruz kalınan travmaların periyodik muayenelerinin yapılması gerekliliğine işaret etmekte, ayrıca daha ileri dönemlerde karşılaşılan vakalarda derinlemesine bir anamnez alınarak çocukluk çağı travmalarının sorgulanmasının önemine de değinmektedir

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare digital and conventional radiography in determining the working length of dilacerated canals.Methods: Thirty nine human extracted single-rooted teeth with root curvature more than 35 degrees were included in this study. After access preparation, a file was inserted into the canal and advanced until the file tip was visualized at the foramen. With measurement of the file length using a millimeter ruler, true canal length was determined for each canal. Then, teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks and canal length was estimated by using on-screen digital radiography with both 3- and 6-clicks measurement and from conventional radiography by conforming a preserved file on the image of the root canal.Results: There were no significant differences in measurement accuracy between the true canal length and conventional radiographic length, but there were significant difference between both digital radiographic techniques with true canal length. There was no significant correlation between root curvature and canal length estimation error of studied methods.Conclusion: In dilacerated canals, the accuracy of determination of working length by using conventional radiography is higher than digital radiography

Dilaceration is a rare disturbance in traumatised permanent teeth, which constitutes about 3% of the injuries to developing teeth. It usually occurs as a result of trauma to the deciduous predecessors and results in non axial displacement of the already formed hard tissue portion of the developing crown. Endodontic treatment of such teeth presents a challenge to clinicians, and careful management is required to successfully address the root canal anatomy and other possible variations. The C-shaped canal configuration is most frequently seen in mandibular second molars, but this variation may also occur in mandibular first molars, mandibular third molars, maxillary molars, mandibular first premolars, and even in maxillary lateral incisors, with rare reports of such variations occurring in the maxillary central incisors. Diagnosis, endodontic access cavity preparation, root canal preparation and filling might be complicated by the presence of dilacerations and C-shaped canals. This paper is an attempt to provide details of an unusual case of crown and root dilacerations and a C-shaped canal in the maxillary central incisor, successfully managed by using Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system.

Introduction: Trauma, altered tooth germ position and delayed tooth eruption have been hypothesized as possible causes of tooth root dilacerations and flexion, however these anatomical variations appear more commonly associated with posterior teeth and absence of traumatic history. The Hypothesis: Postulated is that tooth root dilaceration or flexion may be a result of tooth root sheath displacement due to gradients of bone remodeling present within alveolar bone. Evaluation of the Hypothesis: Alveolar bone displays bone remodeling gradients between coronal, apical and basal sections which affect bone plasticity. As a tooth is erupting or experiences delayed eruption, there are other relative dento-skeletal alterations occurring, such as the mesial drift of the dentition and transverse growth of the maxilla. It is plausible that during the physiologic and growth related alteration of the alveolar and basal bones, portions of developing tooth could be found within one or more of the plasticity zones, contributing to alteration of the root sheath and tooth root dilaceration.

Aim: A thorough understanding of root and canal anatomical variations is essential for achieving successful endodontic treatment. Literature continues to demonstrate complex root and canal anatomical variations in mandibular third molars which are sometimes in close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. Methodology: A 26-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment of a three-rooted mandibular third molar with a dilacerated distal root and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. A cone beam computed tomography was performed to assess the root and canal anatomical variations together with the inferior alveolar canal. Conventional endodontic treatment was performed using a rotary nickel-titanium file system, and the canals were then obturated using a cold lateral condensation technique. Results: The endodontic treatment procedures were performed successfully and in the follow-up visit, the tooth was asymptomatic. Conclusions: Despite limited accessibility and challenges during root canal treatment procedures, retaining every functional component of the dental arch, including mandibular third molars, is an essential goal of contemporary dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To intentionally replant an impacted immature permanent maxillary central incisor in the mixed dentition period followed by revascularization in order to achieve apical root closure. A 9-year-old boy presented with retained maxillary left primary incisors. Radiographic evaluation revealed the presence of a supernumerary tooth and an odontoma associated with an impacted permanent maxillary left central incisor, having root dilaceration. Treatment included surgical removal of mesiodens and odontoma. The impacted dilacerated permanent central incisor was removed and intentionally replanted, followed by revascularization of pulp. During the follow-up, root end closure with narrowing of canal space was observed, patient has been asymptomatic and the tooth remains vital. Revascularization of the immature reimplanted tooth showed continued root development and thickening of the lateral dentinal walls through deposition of new hard tissue and narrowing of the canal space.

Trauma to a primary mandibular central incisor resulted in a rare case of dilaceration and duplication of crown with hypercementosis of the root in the permanent successor. This tooth was extracted. This article highlights the consequences of trauma to a primary tooth for a developing permanent successor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the prevalence of root angulation through radiographic evaluation using panoramic radiographs and to record the extent of angulation among various teeth. Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs of 506 patients within the age group of 18 to 70 years (196 males and 310 females) were subjected to a retrospective study for estimating the prevalence of root angulations of various teeth- The root angulations in mesial or distal direction from 20΀ onwards were measured. To test the statistical significance, Chi-square test was used. Data analysis was camed out using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, version 14. Results: From the 506 conventional panoramic radiographs screened, a total of 16,192 teeth were examined- Root angulations to the mesial or distal directions were seen in 269 teeth (1.66%). Maxilla (2.43%) showed more prevalence as compared to mandible (0.89%). Individual tooth analysis revealed that maxillary lateral incisors showed the highest percentage of angulation (6.12%). Mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular first molars showed the least percentage of angulation (0.29%). Highest degree of root angulations among individual teeth was seen in mandibular first and second premolars (81-90΀). No statistically significant differences were observed between males and females (females: 34.8%; males: 29.1%, p=0.21). Conclusion: Root angulation was most prevalent in the maxillary lateral incisors- The highest degree of root angulation was seen in the mandibular arch, among the mandibular premolars. Angulated roots of teeth influence the planning and execution of their extraction, endodontic, orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments. Orthopantomographs may be routinely employed to evaluate root angulations in large populations and when time and economic constraints are present.

Diverse consequences to the trauma to primary dentition are sometimes difficult to explain. This report describes a rare case of sequelae to primary tooth trauma. The traumatic episode which occurred at the age of 3 years resulted in abnormally large crowns of 11 and 21 with yellowish-brown discoloration and enamel hyperplasia. It also led to dilaceration in the root of 21 and enamel hypoplasia with discoloration in 12 and 22.

Turner′s hypoplasia usually manifests as a portion of missing or diminished enamel, generally affecting one or more permanent teeth in the oral cavity. A case report of 8 year old girl who met with trauma at 2 years of age leading to primary incisors being knocked out, reported after 6 years with complaint of pain and discharge in her anterior malformed teeth is discussed in this article. The permanent incisors erupted with dilacerated crown, root malformations and missing enamel. Further, patient developed sinus, lateral root pathology, tooth mobility and malocclusion in relation to affected teeth which were managed by esthetic, functional, endodontic and surgical procedure. Root canal treatment along with palatal contouring and esthetic restoration by light cure composite was performed on the tooth with crown dilaceration and sinus, where as surgical management was considered for the tooth with root malformation.

A traumatic injury to primary maxillary anterior tooth is one of the common causes for problems with the succedaneous tooth leading to it noneruption. A missing anterior tooth can be psychologically and socially damaging to the patient. Despite a wide range of treatment options available, sometimes, it is inevitable to save the natural tooth. This paper describes the immediate replacement of a right central incisor using a fiber-composite resin splint with the natural tooth crown as a pontic following surgical extraction of the dilacerated impacted permanent maxillary central incisor. The abutment teeth can be conserved with minimal or no preparation, thus keeping the technique reversible and can be completed at chair side thereby avoiding laboratory costs. It can be used as an interim measure until a definitive prosthesis can be fabricated as the growth is still incomplete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teeth with calcified canals, dilacerated roots, and associated large periradicular lesions involving both cortical plates pose a challenge to dentists. In addition to the nonsurgical endodontic treatment, such teeth may require surgical intervention with concomitant use of bone grafting materials and barrier techniques. These techniques, when combined with the use of a host modulating agent such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), may improve the chances of success. A 26-year-old woman was referred for dental treatment with a recurrence of an intraoral sinus tract 2 months after periradicular surgery in the upper anterior region. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed a calcified and perforated maxillary left lateral incisor with a severely dilacerated root as well as an associated large radiolucent lesion surrounding the roots of the maxillary left central and lateral incisors. A cone-beam computed tomographic scan of the anterior maxilla showed erosion of the labial and palatal cortical plates in the same region. A calcified canal in the lateral incisor was negotiated up to the straight line portion of the canal. Periradicular surgery with root-end resection was performed, and root-end filling was performed with mineral trioxide aggregate. The perforation present on the middle third of the labial surface of the root was repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the canal was cleaned, shaped, and obturated. A PRF scaffold was prepared and used with a collagen membrane and a freeze-dried bone allograft. Follow-up visits after 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year revealed satisfactory clinical and radiographic healing. The combined use of nonsurgical and surgical modes of treatment cannot be overemphasized in this case. The use of PRF along with a bone graft and a barrier membrane may have enhanced the speed of healing and the resolution of periradicular radiolucency by enhancing bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alterations in the morphology of permanent teeth following trauma to their predecessors is a challenging task for diagnosis and it may require advanced imaging techniques. Newer imaging modalities have replaced the conventional radiological procedures, as they allow 3D reconstruction images and views which are free of superimposition. Cone Beam CT (CBCT) offers a three-dimensional view, which the conventional two-dimensional dental radiography fails to provide. The current article highlights the advantages of CBCT which are seen in evaluation of the morphological variations and eruptive disturbances in the permanent teeth, as sequelae to trauma in their predecessors.