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Abstract Background Trabectedin in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is approved for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, there is currently limited information regarding this treatment in elderly patients with ovarian cancer in a real-world setting. Methods This observational and multicentric study retrospectively evaluated trabectedin plus PLD in a real-world setting treatment of elderly patients diagnosed with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, treated according to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) from 15 GEICO-associated hospitals. Patients ≥ 70 years old at the time of treatment initiation and platinum-free intervals ≥ 6 months were considered eligible. Results Forty-three patients with a median age of 74.0 years were treated between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2019 in 15 Spanish centers. Four patients achieved complete response (9.3%), 14 (32.6%) partial response, and 13 (30.2%) stable disease as the best radiological response. In the analysis of biological overall response according to CA125 serum levels (i.e., Rustin criteria), 14 responded to the treatment (32.6%), 11 responded and normalized (25.6%), three patients stabilized (7.0%) and three progressed (7.0%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the study population were 7.7 and 19.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (n = 8, 18.7%) and asthenia (n = 5, 11.6%). Conclusions This analysis demonstrated that trabectedin combined with PLD is a feasible and effective treatment in elderly patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, showing an acceptable safety profile, which is crucial in the palliative treatment of these patients.

The present study aims to determine the mediating effect that authentic coach leadership has on the interaction between coach competence and athletes' perceived support for basic psychological needs (BPN). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 115 team sports players (17.96 ±2.85 years of age; 8.18 ±4.67 years of experience) using the Basic Psychological Needs Support, Perceived Authentic Leadership, and Athletes' Perceptions of Coach Competence questionnaires. Correlation and mediation analyses (Coach Competence → Authentic Leadership → BPN Support) were performed. The results show a positive and significant indirect effect (ƥ = 0.288; 95% CI = 0.167, 0.415) of authentic leadership on the direct interaction between coach competence and BPN support (ƥ = 0.277; p < 0.01), increasing the total model effect (ƥ = 0.555; p < 0.01) to aid athletes' perceived BPN support when their coaches are competent and authentic leaders. In conclusion, it is not enough to be a well-prepared coach, he/she must also have the ability to lead, motivate and make decisions taking care of his/her interrelationships with athletes and promoting the satisfaction of basic psychological needs.

Abstract Background Self‐medication is a fairly common practice among medical doctors. Although frequently seen in clinical practice, there are few published studies that describe the process of self‐treatment in dermatology, being even lower in number those that evaluate this circumstance among health professionals. Objectives To know the prevalence of self‐medication among medical professionals in our centre, to assess the need for preventive and training actions that help to avoid the misuse of dermatological treatments. Methods Descriptive cross‐sectional study based on the responses of non‐dermatologist medical professionals at the University Hospital of Pontevedra (Spain). Data were collected through a self‐administered, anonymous and voluntary online questionnaire. Results The questionnaire was completed by 283 physicians (50.63% participation rate, 62.90% females). Up to 77.39% of the physicians carried out self‐treatment for any pathology, and 55.12% for dermatological problems. The mean age of the doctors who practiced self‐treatment was significantly higher. The most used drugs were corticosteroids as topical treatment and antihistamines as systemic therapy. Irritant or allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent pathology considered suitable for self‐medication (18.02%), followed by fungal infections (16.86%). After self‐treatment, the 7.5% needed to be seen by a dermatologist. A large group of 69.23% stated that they would recommend the treatment carried out to someone suffering from a similar process. Conclusions The prevalence of self‐treatment for skin diseases among doctors was strikingly high (55.12%). More than two‐thirds of the surveyed physicians would recommend self‐treatment in the dermatology field. As the literature on this topic is yet scarce, further studies are required to corroborate data collected in this study.

Background: Open reduction and internal fixation with plate is one of the most widely used treatments for distal third humeral shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of the treatment of distal third humeral shaft fractures with posterior minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with segmental isolation of the radial nerve. Methods: We performed an observational, retrospective, consecutive, monocentric, continuous multioperator study. We reviewed 22 distal third humeral shaft fractures treated with posterior MIPO in our institution with an extra-articular distal humerus plate from 2018 to 2021. Inclusion was limited to functionally independent patients with displaced fractures involving the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the humerus and minimum 12-month follow-up for implant removal. We assessed clinical outcomes including range of motion; QuickDASH score; Mayo Elbow Performance Score; and Constant-Murley score. Results: The average follow-up period of the sample was 31.7 ± 11.6 months (range, 15.7-51.3 months). The average elbow flexion and extension were 146.4° ± 7.3° (range, 120°-150°) and −0.7° ± 3.3° (range, −15° to 0°), respectively. The average shoulder anterior flexion, elevation, and abduction were 178.6° ± 3.6° (range, 170°-180°), 179.1° ± 2.9° (range, 170°-180°), and 140.9° ± 14.8° (range, 110°-160°), respectively. The average external rotation was 88.6° ± 6.4 (range, 65°-90°). The mean visual analog scale score for pain was 1.0 ± 1.6 (range, 0-5) and the mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 90.5 ± 9.9 (range, 70-100). The mean QuickDASH and Constant–Murley scores were 4.7 ± 6.8 (range, 0-20.5) and 95.5 ± 5.1 (range, 81-100), respectively. Two patients presented with relevant compromise of radial nerve motor function postoperatively (M3 and M2; the more compromised was preoperative injury). All patients recovered radial nerve neuropraxia within six weeks postoperatively. All fractures achieved union. The average anteroposterior and lateral axis were 175.0 ± 3.6 (168.0°-180.0°) and 177.5 ± 2.0 (173.0°-180.0°), respectively. No superficial or deep infection was reported. No cases of re-displacement of fracture, implant failure, or any other implant-related complication in follow-up were reported. No patient required plate withdrawal. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the posterior MIPO technique is a reliable option for treating distal third shaft humeral fractures. The radial nerve must be identified and protected in all cases to prevent palsy.

Abstract Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) can be triggered by viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, varicella zoster, human immunodeficiency virus and, more exceptionally, SARS‐CoV‐2. We report an additional case of PRP following COVID‐19 infection. Given the existing literature and the close temporal association, we suggest a possible causal relationship. We speculate that an altered immune response with a genetic predisposition for PRP may have played a role in our patient. We highlight the development of PRP as part of the spectrum of COVID‐19 skin‐related conditions.

This review article focuses on agrivoltaic production systems (AV). The transition towards renewable energy sources, driven by the need to respond to climate change, competition for land use, and the scarcity of fossil fuels, has led to the consideration of new ways to optimise land use while producing clean energy. AV systems not only generate energy but also allow agricultural and livestock yields to be maintained or even increased under PV structures, offering a sustainable production strategy that may be more acceptable to local communities than traditional PV installations. This review assesses the technical feasibility of AV systems, the environmental, economic and social benefits, as well as the challenges faced and the legal framework regulating their implementation. It is highlighted that despite the advantages in land use efficiency and dual food and energy production, there are important challenges related to the initial investment required, the need for technological adaptation, social and regulatory obstacles, or the effects of shading on production. This paper underlines the importance of further research and development of these systems to overcome technical and economic constraints and maximise their potential benefits. It is concluded that although they present significant challenges, AV management offers promising opportunities to improve land efficiency and contribute to several sustainable development goals.

Breast cancer (BRCA) remains a significant global health challenge due to its prevalence and lethality, exacerbated by the development of resistance to conventional therapies. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning chemoresistance is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes. Human deoxycytidine triphosphate pyrophosphatase 1 (DCTPP1) has emerged as a key player in various cancers, including BRCA. DCTPP1, involved in nucleotide metabolism and maintenance of genomic stability, has been linked to cancer cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. This study evaluates the role of DCTPP1 in BRCA prognosis and chemotherapy response. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories, analyzed using GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier Plotter, indicate that high DCTPP1 expression correlates with poorer overall survival and increased resistance to chemotherapy in BRCA patients. Further analysis reveals that DCTPP1 gene expression is up-regulated in non-responders to chemotherapy, particularly in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, luminal A subtype patients, with significant predictive power. Additionally, in vitro studies show that DCTPP1 gene expression increases in response to 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin treatments in luminal A BRCA cell lines, suggesting a hypothetical role in chemoresistance. These findings highlight DCTPP1 as a potential biomarker for predicting chemotherapy response and as a therapeutic target to enhance chemotherapy efficacy in BRCA patients.

El balonmano es algo más que ejecución. La percepción y la decisión le otorgan la condición de deporte complejo. Proponer entrenamientos en condiciones complejas y lo más parecidos a los partidos será una obligación del entrenador, así como diseñarlos bajo esas circunstancias. La concentración o atención ejecutiva permite a los jugadores focalizar de modo interno o externo su percepción. Un jugador en formación o uno experto no lo hacen de la misma manera. Es conveniente tener presente los dos modos de pensamiento: el sistema 1 o “sistema automático” y el sistema 2 o “sistema esforzado”. Asimismo, para el desarrollo de balonmanistas jóvenes, la dualidad entre “cantidad” y “calidad” de la información deberá estar presente. Además, la variabilidad y la impredecibilidad de las acciones aumentan la experiencia y facilitan la decisión. El error y el autocontrol completan, enriquecen y dinamizan el proceso de toma de decisión del jugador y son elementos que el entrenador debe regular. El trabajo finaliza con una propuesta para la construcción de ejercicios de entrenamiento, mostrando los elementos básicos en el diseño de tareas, con sus variantes temporales, espaciales y grupales y haciendo hincapié en las herramientas del autocontrol y del error.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos en el salto y el lanzamiento tras aplicar un protocolo de autocargas y pliometría a un equipo universitario de balonmano femenino. Participaron 11 jugadoras amateur de balonmano (Medad = 23.70; DT = 2.26), que realizaron el protocolo de entrenamiento durante ocho semanas. Se estableció un diseño experimental a través del cual se realizaron evaluaciones pre y post intervención de lanzamiento de balón medicinal, velocidad de lanzamiento a portería, CMJ bipodal y unipodal, salto horizontal y asimetrías entre ambas piernas. Para la evaluación del efecto del entrenamiento se realizó una prueba t-test de muestras dependientes. Los resultados revelan que mejoraron en las pruebas de salto, pero no en las de lanzamiento. En conclusión, un protocolo de autocargas y pliometría es efectivo en el salto vertical.

Off-label prescription in paediatric patients is common, where some studies indicate that dermatological conditions are more prone to off-label treatment. This is the first study to analyse the prevalence of off-label prescription in paediatric dermatology consultation. This retrospective observational study was performed using the medical records of paediatric patients who were evaluated in a paediatric dermatological consultation in Pontevedra University Hospital, Pontevedra, Spain. Of the 468 patients reviewed, 186 prescriptions were issued and 51.10% were off-label prescription drugs. The dermatological conditions for which off-label prescription was most common were atopic dermatitis (29.0%), followed by warts (12.9%) and infantile haemangiomas (11.8%). With respect to drugs, topical tacrolimus (23.7%) was the most frequently prescribed off-label drug. The main reason for prescribing an off-label drug was for a disease not included on the label (62.4%), followed by issuing it at a lower age than authorized (55.9%). There was a significant association between a higher percentage of off-label prescription and younger age (p

This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on healthy habits in a sample made up of Chilean international elite female handball players. Participants filled in an online survey regarding their physical activity levels, eating attitudes, sleep quality and psychological well-being, twice. The survey was sent within four weeks after mobility restrictions were imposed in Chile, and 16 weeks later, just after the easing of those restrictions began. A total of 18 female handball players who were competing in senior, junior or juvenile categories were analyzed. The obtained data indicated that physical activity levels decreased significantly, as well as psychological well-being. No significant changes were observed in the eating attitudes and sleep quality, although a significant reduction of sleep problems was detected. Sociodemographic and sport-related characteristics did not seem to produce a differential effect on the variables assessed.

Abstract Late osteosynthesis‐associated infection (OAI) is an uncommon and potentially serious disease. Its clinical presentation may mimic skin and soft tissue infection, leading to misdiagnosis. We report the case of a 64 year‐old man with a late OAI in the frontal bone, initially misdiagnosed as an infectious cellulitis. Late OAI can be difficult to suspect, especially if the intervention was performed years ago. Because of misdiagnosis, the symptoms can be masked by the use of antibiotics, so it is of utmost importance to take a detailed clinical history to make an early diagnosis and avoid potential complications. The treatment consists of the use of antibiotics and the replacement of the osteosynthesis material. Therefore, when facing a skin and soft tissue infection of torpid evolution which persists despite correct treatment and a past medical history of underlying osteosynthesis material, late OAI should be considered.

High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.

El catalizador de tres vías es una herramienta utilizada para reducir la emisión de gases contaminantes liberados por el motor de combustión interna de un automóvil. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una comprensión del funcionamiento e importancia de los catalizadores de tres vías. Se presenta una descripción general de la evolución histórica de su desarrollo, hasta llegar a la formulación y estructura de los catalizadores actuales. Además, se describe su funcionamiento a nivel molecular y las condiciones de operación que aseguran su eficiencia de conversión. Discutimos las ventajas al medio ambiente y a la salud humana que acompañan su uso adecuado. Por último, se remarca la importancia de su reemplazo oportuno.

RESUMEN: En este artículo se aborda la relación entre comunidad y enemistad en la teología de Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Particularmente, este artículo se enfoca en los textos del período 1937-1940 donde la noción de enemigo ha sido ampliamente desarrollada por el teólogo luterano. En adelante se discutirá cómo al interior de la teología de Bonhoeffer las nociones amigo, hermano y enemigo tienen un lugar diferenciado pero constitutivo de ambas comunidad y cristianismo. Un propósito vinculado con este trabajo consiste en determinar la continuidad o ruptura del pensamiento de Bonhoeffer con tradiciones filosóficas o teológicas que han ubicado los términos amigo, hermano y enemigo como criterios de discriminación en torno a los vivientes que propician o amenazan una vida común. PALABRAS CLAVE: Bonhoeffer. Enemigo. Comunidad. Teología. Política.

En la iniciación al balonmano intervienen elementos que buscan capacitar psicomotrizmente a todos los niños participantes para resolver diferentes tareas que presenta el juego. Para ello, la competición es un espacio donde los jugadores pueden poner en práctica los aprendizajes desarrollados. Sin embargo, en Latinoamérica, la estructura y el enfoque de la competencia no necesariamente permite que esto suceda. Desde esa perspectiva, el objetivo del presente estudio es el comprender como el enfoque pedagógico o la inexistencia de este respecto a la competencia impacta los procesos de aprendizaje de los niños iniciantes en balonmano en Latinoamérica. Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa con un diseño fenomenológico. Como criterios de inclusión se exigió que los participantes sean: a) profesores de educación física; b) que estén vinculados a las etapas de iniciación al Balonmano (de benjamín a mini); c) mínimo 5 años de experiencia trabajando en Latinoamérica. Como resultados se destaca el valor que tiene la competición para generar integración de aprendizajes en los jugadores y un acercamiento progresivo a las situaciones del juego. Por lo tanto, se concluye que toda acción formativa en la iniciación al deporte debe estar contextualizada como un espacio rico en aprendizajes, por lo que la competencia también lo debe ser.

The purpose of this text is to show the historical background of what a game was and how it has become a sport today. This study will identify the transcendence of Leon’s struggle in Leon’s society until it is declared as the only sport of Cultural Interest. We will describe how it is wrestling today. We will make a reference to the normative scope that protects this sport activity. We will teach the possibilities offered by the educational field for its implementation. We will make proposals to preserve the practice at school ages.

IntroductionThe purpose of this investigation was to explore patients’ and oncologists’ preferences for the characteristics of a pharmacological regimen for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC).Material and MethodsCross-sectional observational study based on a discrete choice experiment (DCE) conducted in Spain. A literature review, a focus group with oncologists and interviews with patients informed the DCE design. Five attributes were included: progression survival gain, risk of serious adverse events (SAEs), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), administration mode, and treatment cost. Preferences were analyzed using a mixed-logit model to estimate relative importance (RI) of attributes (importance of an attribute in relation to all others), which was compared between aRCC patients and oncologists treating aRCC. Willingness to pay (WTP, payer: health system) for a benefit in survival or in risk reduction and maximum acceptable risk (MAR) in SAEs for improving survival were estimated from the DCE. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify factors that influence preference.ResultsA total of 105 patients with aRCC (77.1% male, mean age 65.9 years [SD: 10.4], mean time since RCC diagnosis 6.3 years [SD: 6.1]) and 67 oncologists (52.2% male, mean age 41.9 years [SD: 8.4], mean duration of experience in RCC 10.2 years [SD: 7.5]) participated in the study. The most important attribute for patients and oncologists was survival gain (RI: 43.6% vs. 54.7% respectively, p

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La medición de la temperatura ha sido desde siempre uno los retos de la medicina, puesto que muchas enfermedades tienen como signo inicial el aumento o la disminución de la temperatura, ya sea a cuerpo completo o en regiones muy bien localizadas. Tales afecciones comprenden infecciones, desórdenes metabólicos, cardiovasculares, inflamaciones y cáncer, por lo que la facilidad de uso y precisión de los termómetros para medir rápidamente la temperatura es crucial. Desafortunadamente su desarrollo tecnológico ha sido muy lento, pero en las últimas tres décadas se han incorporado tecnologías que permiten obtener lecturas sin contacto con una gran exactitud, aunque aún resta el desarrollo de herramientas computacionales para entender la expresión térmica de procesos patológicos.

Recientemente, la nanotecnología ha sido un tema de gran interés que ofrece ventajas considerables en muchas áreas. Las características de muchos productos de consumo diario tienen significativas mejorías cuando están nanoestructurados. Por lo que actualmente se han integrado nanopartículas en alimentos, materiales de construcción, así como productos de belleza y cuidado personal, entre otros. En ese sentido, en los últimos años se ha incrementado su uso de manera significativa, conduciendo a la liberación no regulada de dichos nanomateriales al medio ambiente. La exposición ambiental a nanopartículas tiene un efecto negativo en diversos órganos en seres humanos. Además, su acumulación ambiental afecta los procesos naturales dañando a organismos y plantas. En este artículo se describen las vías de exposición y los peligros relevantes para los seres humanos, con una breve introducción a la literatura emergente de su ecotoxicología.

In this work, we study the existence of the Brewster angle for thermal diffusivity waves. We analyze the propagation of plane thermal waves impinging upon an interface between two media. The condition of zero-reflection defines the Brewster angle. We demonstrate that the Brewster angle only exists for specific combinations of diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the incidence and transmission media.

The assessment of remediation on metal-polluted soils is usually focused on total and/or bioavailable metal content. However, these chemical variables do not provide direct information about reductions in heavy metals pressure on soil microorganisms. We propose the use of bacterial communities to evaluate the efficiency of three remediation techniques: crushed mussel shell (CMS) and pine bark (PB) as soil amendments and EDTA-washing. A soil sample was polluted with different doses of Cu, Ni, and Zn (separately). After 30 days of incubation, the remediation techniques were applied, and bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals determined. If bacterial communities develop tolerance, it is an indicator that the metal is exerting toxicity on them. Soil bacterial communities developed tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn in response to metal additions. After remediation, bacterial communities showed decreases in bacterial community tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn for all remediation techniques. For Cu and Ni, soil EDTA-washing showed the greatest reduction of bacterial community tolerance to Cu and Ni, respectively, while for Zn the soil amendment with PB was the most effective remediation technique. Thus, bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals successfully detect differences in the effectiveness of the three remediation techniques.

The storage lesions and the irradiation of blood cellular components for medical procedures in blood banks are events that may induce nanochanges in the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs). Alterations, such as the formation of pores and vesicles, reduce flexibility and compromise the overall erythrocyte integrity. This review discusses the alterations on erythrocytic lipid membrane bilayer through their characterization by confocal scanning microscopy, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The interrelated experimental results may address and shed light on the correlation of biomechanical and biochemical transformations induced in the membrane and cytoskeleton of stored and gamma-irradiated RBC. To highlight the main advantages of combining these experimental techniques simultaneously or sequentially, we discuss how those outcomes observed at micro- and nanoscale cell levels are useful as biomarkers of cell aging and storage damage.

Purpose: This paper studies the effects of authentic sports leadership training on coaches' self-perception of their own authentic leadership, perceived justice, competence, overall self-efficacy, and collective efficacy. Additionally, players' perceptions of their coaches with respect to their authentic leadership, perceived justice, competence, collective efficacy, satisfaction with the coach, and support for basic psychological needs were analyzed.Design: Twenty-five football and handball coaches were randomly assigned to two groups. Fifteen coaches made up the experimental group that carried out the training leadership program, while 10 coaches made up the control group, carrying out no training whatsoever. A total of 248 football and handball players participated in this study; 136 were led by coaches who participated in the training program, and 112 by coaches who did not participate in the program.Results: The results of this study indicate that coaches' self-perception is positively influenced after having received training in the variables of authentic leadership, perceived justice, competence, overall self-efficacy, and collective efficacy. Players whose coaches were part of the program perceive them as being more competent as coaches.Conclusions: The effects of an authentic sports leadership training program are effective for coaches and players alike.

La alfabetización y la alfabetización digital representan uno de los principales retos de los gobiernos a nivel internacional. El desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación provoca una transformación global que impulsa el desarrollo económico y mejora la calidad de vida de gran parte de la población mundial. Sin embargo, ciertos grupos humanos no han logrado integrarse adecuadamente a las dinámicas de intercambio socioeconómico que procuran producir bienestar. Esta situación es evidencia de algunas de las deficiencias de nuestros sistemas institucionales y un recordatorio del trabajo que aún queda por hacer. En este contexto, este trabajo da cuenta del impacto de estas carencias, especialmente, en la calidad de la educación que reciben los pueblos originarios de México. Esta investigación pues describe el contexto de la alfabetización y la brecha digital de estas poblaciones en el periodo 1990-2015. Para ello se llevó a cabo un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los niveles de alfabetización y acceso a la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones. Concluimos que la brecha digital entre los pueblos nativos es también un factor de riesgo en la educación, comprometiendo su desarrollo en el ámbito de la Sociedad del Conocimiento.

A Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) contains a cordierite ceramic monolith coated with a layer of Al2O3, CexZr1−xO2 and platinoids mixture. Under standard operation, the platinoid concentration decreases, exposing the remaining washcoat structure. After that particle release stage, the sintering process follows where the crystalline CexZr1−xO2 solution is broken and begins to separate into ZrO2 and CeO2 phases. ZrO2 is released to the environment as micro and nanoparticles, while a small amount of CeO2 generates a new AlxCe1−xO2 composite. The main effect of Ce capture is the growth in the size of the polycrystal structure from 86.13 ± 16.58 nm to 225.35 ± 69.51 nm. Moreover, a transformation of cordierite to mullite was identified by XRD analysis. Raman spectra showed that the oxygen vacancies (Vö) concentration decreased as CexZr1−xO2 phases separation occurred. The SEM-EDS revealed the incorporation of new spurious elements and microfractures favouring the detachment of the TWC support structure. The release of ultrafine particles is a consequence of catalytic devices overusing. The emission of refractory micro to nanocrystals to the atmosphere may represent an emerging public health issue underlining the importance of implementing strict worldwide regulations on regular TWCs replacement.

Nanodiamonds have been studied for several biomedical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Recent investigations have shown perspectives in using fluorescent nanodiamonds as nanothermometers because of their optical properties’ dependence on temperature. Easy and accurate localized temperature sensing is essential in a wide variety of scientific fields. Our work demonstrated how the fluorescence spectrum of high-pressure high-temperature fluorescent nanodiamonds of three different sizes: 35 nm, 70 nm and 100 nm, changes with temperature within an important biological temperature range (25 °C to 60 °C). Taking advantage of this phenomenon, we obtained nanothermic scales (NS) from the zero phonon lines (ZPL) of the NV0 and NV− colour centres. In particular, the 100 nm-sized features the more intense fluorescence spectra whose linear dependence with temperature achieved 0.98 R2 data representation values for both NV0 and NV−. This model predicts temperature for all used nanodiamonds with sensitivities ranging from 5.73% °C−1 to 6.994% °C−1 (NV0) and from 4.14% °C−1 to 6.475% °C−1 (NV−). Furthermore, the non-cytotoxic interaction with HeLa cells tested in our study enables the potential use of fluorescence nanodiamonds to measure temperatures in similar nano and microcellular aqueous environments with a simple spectroscopic setup.

Different fractions of Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb were determined in metal-spiked forest soils derived from four parent materials using three extractants (H2O, CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)). It is important to determine how parent materials and soil properties affect the retention of these metals in order to predict their behavior and act accordingly in the event of accidental spillage, for example. The extraction of fractions was not sequential (before carrying out the extractions, the soil samples were divided into three parts), so the CaCl2 fraction also included the H2O one, and the DTPA fraction contained the other two. With the results, we developed models to predict the extraction of each fraction employing the physicochemical characteristics of the soil (e.g., pH, organic matter content and texture values) and the amount of metal added. The objective of this work was to determine how the properties of the soil would influence the fractioning of the metals considered, and through these characteristics create models to predict the behavior of each metal fraction. We found correlations between the different fractions of Ni and Zn, suggesting that there are soil properties that condition the retention of both metals. Pb and Cu showed different behavior than Zn or Ni, since the proportions extracted by H2O and CaCl2 were much lower. Regarding the DTPA fraction, unlike the case of Ni or Zn, the extraction of Cu and Pb was more homogeneous; they did not show great variation in different soils, even when considering the results of extraction in limestone soils. This may be due to the fact that the soil properties do not exert an important effect on their availability, or these two metals are considerably sensitive to the effect of pH, and no differences were observed because the extraction of the DTPA fraction was conducted with a buffered solution. For each fraction of metal used, we obtained a model with R2 always greater than 0.65. Considering these results, we can conclude that it is possible to predict Zn, Ni, Cu and Pb availability in soils developed on different parent materials. This can be achieved by identifying some basic soil characteristics and applying the developed equations.

The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This review is focused on the chemistry and biological properties of sterols and triterpenes isolated mainly from some species with columnar and arborescent growth forms of Mexican Cactaceae. Regarding the biological properties of those compounds, apart from a few cases, their molecular mechanisms displayed are not still fully understand. To contribute to the above, computational chemistry tools have given a boost to traditional methods used in natural products research, allowing a more comprehensive exploration of chemistry and biological activities of isolated compounds and extracts. From this information an in silico bioprospection was carried out. The results suggest that sterols and triterpenoids present in Cactaceae have interesting substitution patterns that allow them to interact with some bio targets related to inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative processes. Thus, they should be considered as attractive leads for the development of drugs for the management of chronic degenerative diseases.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease whose prevalence has increased, especially in developed countries; the results of studies of asthma prevalence vary in different populations and even within the same country; in Mexico we observed fluctuations in prevalence of asthma from 7% to 33%. Objetive: To determine the prevalence of asthma and severity of symptoms as risk indicators in school population in cities in various states of Mexico. Material and method: A descriptive study of detection of asthma prevalence and analytical-comparative observational study of determination of symptoms of asthma. The surveys were applied to preschool, elementary, middle and high school population, in the cities of Puebla, Puebla; Tulancingo, Hidalgo; Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, and Cancún, Quintana Roo; new validated questionnaire was used as instrument: Asthma Diagnostic Questionnaire for Epidemiologic Studies, consisting of eight questions with summation value for diagnosis. Results: 8,754 surveys showed a 14% prevalence in Puebla, 17% in Tulancingo, 7% in Tlaxcala, and 14% in Cancún; average in four cities surveyed was 13%; the strength of association with asthma symptoms in descending order with significant odds ratio were: recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, recurrent cough, cough cold, recurrent cold symptoms, predominantly nocturnal cough, cough that increases with exercise. Conclusions: The average prevalence of asthma in the surveyed cities was 13% and the main symptoms indicators of risk of asthma in school children were: recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and recurrent cough.

Background: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa, characterized by symptoms of itching, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and sneezing induced by an IgE-mediated response. In Mexico we have reports of prevalence, with fluctuations of 5.5% to 47.7% with the question of rhinitis symptoms the past 12 months. Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren from various states of Mexico. Material and method: A descriptive study of prevalence in which a questionnaire was applied to preschool, elementary-, middle- and high-school population. It was performed in four cities in four states of Mexico: Puebla, Puebla, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala and Cancun, Quintana Roo. Parents answered questionnaires of preschool and elementary school and middle- and high-school students answered their questionnaires. The study was conducted from June 2014 to January 2015. The instrument used was: questionnaire diagnosis of allergic rhinitis for epidemiological studies. Results: Of the surveys, 8,159 completed questionnaires were obtained, in the city of Puebla: 2,267, Tulancingo, Hidalgo: 2,478, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala: 2,574, Cancun, Quintana Roo: 840; total male: 4,190 (51%). The overall average rate of prevalence of allergic rhinitis among four states including all respondents ages was 15%. Conclusions: With the use of the questionnaire diagnosis of allergic rhinitis for epidemiological studies in the four cities in four different states, we found a prevalence of allergic rhinitis of 15% in ≥13 yearpopulation and 13% in ≤12 year-old children.

The eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a disease of unknown etiopathogenesis and rare presentation, with several clinical symptoms, ranging from mild episodes until nonspeci c abdominal acute episodes of intestinal obstruction, which some times make it necessary urgent surgical treatment. This wide symptomatic range seems to be conditioned by the degree of eosinophilic in ltration of the intestinal wall and the number of layers involved. This paper reports the case of a patient who, due to the diagnosis dificulties, illustrates in a single patient the intestinal and respiratory anatomo-clinical diversity and the evolution of the eosinophilia both intestinal and peripheral. Patient was sent to our service with diagnoses of bronchial asthma, chronic allergic rhinitis and chronic anemia.

Este trabajo presenta una metodología combinada de carácter multicriterio basada en análisis de decisión y optimización para el problema de localización de centros de distribución. La metodología consiste en definir un conjunto de atributos relevantes de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo para la decisión de localizar centros de distribución. A partir de los criterios cuantitativos, un modelo de programación matemática multiobjetivo es propuesto para minimizar los costos asociados. Este modelo genera soluciones alternativas, que pueden ser comparadas con otras soluciones conocidas a priori. Las soluciones son evaluadas por un modelo de decisión multicriterio que incorpora consideraciones cualitativas al problema, que son inviables de representación algebraica. De esta forma, la aplicación del modelo de análisis de decisión multicriterio evalúa un conjunto de soluciones viables para escoger la mejor de las alternativas considerando diversos atributos.

Los Dispositivos Supraglóticos son utilizados hasta en el 50% de los procedimientos que conllevan una anestesia general. Comúnmente su uso se encuentra asociado a complicaciones faringolaríngeas menores, como puede ser el dolor de garganta (17-42% de los pacientes), abrasión de tejidos blandos (16-32%), ronquera y disfagia. Sin embargo, una complicación mucho menos frecuente, pero más seria en cuanto a morbimortalidad se refiere, es la lesión de nervios craneales. La verdadera incidencia de este tipo de lesiones es desconocida, siendo una de las razones que muchos de los casos no son comunicados. Los autores pretenden con este estudio analizar y resumir las características de las lesiones de los nervios craneales asociados a los dispositivos supraglóticos, haciendo especial hincapié en los factores predisponentes.

Falleció en Bogotá, el 1 de marzo pasado el eminente Profesor y Maestro JAIME QUINTERO ESGUERRA a los 87 años de edad. Su deceso enluta no solamente a su familia, sino a la cirugía Ortopédica Colombiana de la cual fue pionero notable.Nacido en Bogotá y terminado su bachillerato, ingresa a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional en 1938.Finaliza sus estudios en 1943 dentro de una promoción médica considerada como excepcional. Como quiera que muy pronto tales profesionales, ocuparon lugar de privilegio en el concierto de la medicina de Colombia, y dentro de los más distinguidos de esta promoción el doctor Jaime Quintero Esguerra, quien de inmediato se inicia en la Ortopedia Infantil, en la Ortopedia General y la Traumatología, en los dos centros científicos de esa época, el Hospital de la Misericordia y el Hospital San Juan de Dios.En 1947 complementa los estudios de la especialidad en el Hospital de Aedo del Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fueron sus profesores el doctor Piñeiro Sorondo, Agustín Salvati del más reconocido prestigio científico y sus instructores en cirugía los doctores Ferré y Leoncio Fernández, verdaderos maestros de la técnica quirúrgica y de talla mundial.A su regreso a Bogotá para 1948, contrae matrimonio con la señora doña Lucía Laverde y tuvieron 8 hijos, todos ellos profesionales distinguidos, uno de ellos el doctor Jaime Quintero Laverde, muy distinguido especialista de Bogotá. Concursó una a una las etapas y escalas hasta culminar dentro de los concursos más honestos, para ganar el título de Profesor Titular de la Universidad Nacional. De enorme éxito en el ejercicio privado de su especialidad y dueño de la más nutrida clientela, se puede decir que sin hipérbole que la docencia constituyó para él parte tan importante como su ejercicio privado.De su propia iniciativa, surgieron de los Congresos anuales de la SCOTT, Sociedad Colombiana de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, que ya lleva más de 50 congresos en diferentes ciudades, contando con la presencia y docencia de los más aquilatados especialistas del mundo ortopédico internacional.

La población pediátrica europea menor de 16 años está en torno al 20%, y la estimación es que siga aumentando, igual que lo hace la población geriátrica, aunque esta última en una mayor proporción. Lo primero a recordar es que los niños no son unos adultos pequeños, ya que tienen unas características anatómicas, emocionales, fisiológicas, farmacológicas y sociales diferentes a las de los adultos. Definiremos un hospital de 2º nivel como aquel hospital comarcal carente de un servicio de cirugía pediátrica. Aunque, según algunas opiniones, se puede ampliar las recomendaciones a hospitales de 3er nivel sin un servicio de cirugía pediátrica y con el hospital de referencia a una larga distancia. Nuestra sociedad, la SEDAR (Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación), ha emitido unas recomendaciones en consonancia con las de la FEAPA (The Federation of European Associations of Paediatric Anaesthesia), tanto para la formación como para la práctica de la anestesia pediátrica en los diferentes servicios anestésicos. Entonces, nos surgen una serie de dudas: ¿se puede ofrecer una actividad pediátrica anestésica segura y adecuada en hospitales no especializados? ¿Es preferible la centralización de una manera absoluta en un hospital especializado o se pueden permitir ciertas actividades en hospitales no especializados?