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El síndrome de Budd Chari es una patología rara que se caracteriza por la obstrucción del flujo venoso del hígado, causado por trombosis a consecuencia de trastornos de trombófilia, mieloproliferativos, cáncer, infecciones, o cualquier trastorno que obstruya el flujo de la vena porta. Se presentó el caso en un hombre de 21 años de edad que debuta con hemorragia digestiva alta, asociada a várices esofágicas e hiperesplenismo. En este paciente se inició anticoagulación tras ligadura de várices esofágicas, y posterior a esplenectomía, debido a su asociación con plaquetopenia, que posteriormente se incrementaron, se inició con heparina de bajo peso molecular y posteriormente Inhibidores del factor Xa. (rivaroxabán 20 mg) cada día con buena tolerancia es dado de alta en buenas condiciones clínicas. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno representa un reto para el pronóstico de los pacientes.

As public awareness of climate-change-related weather events and temperature anomalies increases in the United States, citizens’ attitudes toward climate change should be studied, including the effects of climate mitigation strategies and their associated risks such as induced seismicity. Using social survey data and earthquake records, an explainable artificial intelligence method (SHAP) is employed to investigate factors that are important in explaining individual perceptions and assessments of future induced seismicity. Focusing on Oklahoma, where the majority (greater than 75%) of earthquakes are induced, SHAP reveals that personally experiencing earthquakes is a significant factor in the respondents’ past and future perception of earthquake frequency. Realizing that induced seismicity plays a strong role in individual perceptions of earthquake frequency, it is increasingly important to mitigate this geohazard, which is expected to increase with climate mitigation strategies, whether they are carbon capture and sequestration or geothermal in nature. To this end, seismic attribute methods to improve subsurface characterization, particularly for fluid migration pathway identification, are examined using data from a carbon sequestration project in northwest Montana in the Kevin Dome area. While broadband and multispectral coherence do not improve the identification of faults and fractures, in this case, aberrancy (the third derivative of structure) successfully highlights lineations because it is more susceptible to detecting flexures in seismic data. Based on this result, we strongly encourage interpreters to include aberrancy in their reservoir analysis to identify and mitigate fluid migration that may result in induced seismicity.

La sociedad ha cambiado su forma de vida y los viajeros su forma de viajar. A través del proyecto Kuriland, se realizan procesos de asesoramiento a la población, sobre servicios de viajes, visita de destinos, recorridos turísticos, medios de transporte, fechas, costos y alojamientos adecuados, para actividades de recreación, investigación, salud entre otras. En el diseño del proyecto se realizó una revisión de la normativa legal del turismo en Ecuador, se analizó las potencialidades y limitaciones del turismo en la zona y se caracterizó el perfil del turista que visita el cantón La Maná. Con ello, se estableció la estructura técnica de funcionamiento, procesos, servicios, paquetes y productos turísticos y el presupuesto requerido para el funcionamiento del proyecto. Como proceso piloto, se realizó recorridos a turistas dentro del cantón y su zona de influencia. Esto ha permitido la trasferencia de conocimientos a la sociedad y desarrollar habilidades en los futuros profesionales en el ámbito de guianza, manejo de grupos, técnicas de interpretación y organización de visitas a sitios turísticos. El proyecto obtuvo un 100% de aceptación de los turistas sobre la agencia de servicios, con preferencia en actividades de naturaleza, para los que se plantean ocho paquetes turísticos demostrativos.

We describe a method that provides rapid visualization of glaucomatous change in a 2-dimensional (2D) structural and functional (S/F) space.To describe a method to visualize glaucomatous change in a 2D S/F space.This was a retrospective longitudinal observational study.Group I included 64 normal and 64 glaucomatous eyes used to develop the structural score. Group II included 957 glaucomatous eyes used to plot the structural-functional progression vectors.Subjects were arranged in 2 groups. Group I was a cross-sectional group used to develop a structural score which were applied to longitudinal measurements of patients in group II for vectoral analysis. Visual field index was used as a functional score. Vectors were created for each eye to define structural (x) and functional (y) progression. The structural and functional components were calculated with linear models of optical coherence tomography scores and visual field index. The resultant vector and its confidence interval were plotted in 2D S/F space.Combined structural-functional glaucomatous progression.Group I included 64 normal and 64 glaucomatous eyes. We calculated 957 vectors (957 eyes of 582 OAG patients) in group II. The mean (±SD) follow-up period was 6.9 (±1.5) years and mean baseline mean deviation (MD) was -4.3 (±5.4). Preperimetric, mild, moderate, and severe groups included 159, 288, 299, and 211 eyes, respectively. Mean baseline MDs in these groups were 0.8, -1.0, -3.7, and -11.2 dB, and mean vector slopes were 0.88, 1.00, 1.98, and 2.69.We present a method that presents glaucoma progression in a 2D S/F space. This approach integrates a large amount of longitudinal numerical data and provides the clinician with a rapid and intuitive summary of the patient's glaucoma trajectory.

Introduction The learning environment has many constructs involved and there is not a single ideal instrument that measures all of them. In Colombia, there are few publications on measuring the learning environment in clinical settings, most of them have only quantitative measurements. Objective To characterize the learning environment of the students of the internal medicine course of ICESI University. Material and methods Mixed study (quantitative and qualitative), which is based on the classroom research method, where the first step is to diagnose the current learning environment. Results 58 students participated in the study. The DREEM overall score was of 125/200. The average of teacher's evaluation was 6.38/7. The percentage of students who passed the final written evaluation was 96.7%. We also describe favorable and unfavorable findings in objectives, methodology, didactics, learning resources, evaluation and interaction of educational actors. Discussion The results allow us to say that although in general the students perceive a more positive than negative view by DREEM questionnaire, we found in the other results multiple points that can be improved. Curricular changes and comprehensive teacher training plans are necessary to meditate before, during and after their teaching practice, in order to promote educational innovation in the classroom.

Nowadays, there are many unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques available for performing seismic facies classification. However, those classification methods either demand high computational costs or do not provide an accurate measure of confidence. Probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) overcome these limitations and have demonstrated their superiority among other algorithms. PNNs have been extensively applied for some prediction tasks, but they have not been well studied regarding the prediction of seismic facies volumes using seismic attributes. We have explored the capability of the PNN algorithm when classifying large- and small-scale seismic facies. In addition, we evaluate the impact of user-chosen parameters on the final classification volumes. After performing seven tests, each with a parameter variation, we assess the impact of the parameter change on the resultant classification volumes. We find that the processing task can have a significant impact on the classification volumes, but we also find how the most geologically complex areas are the most challenging for the algorithm. Moreover, we determine that even if the PNN technique is performing and producing considerably accurate results, it is possible to overcome those limitations and significantly improve the final classification volumes by including the geologic insight provided by the geoscientist. We conclude by proposing a new workflow that can guide future geoscientists interested in applying PNNs, to obtain better seismic facies classification volumes by considering some initial steps and advice.

Durante las últimas dos décadas la voluntad de luchar contra la corrupción ha aumentado en la sociedad en general. A pesar que hace algunos años su discusión suponía un inconveniente para el debate público, hoy es casi imposible argumentar de manera convincente a favor de la corrupción. El espectro de la corrupción acecha la política y la economía modernas, amenazando la legitimidad de los Estados y los mercados, al mismo tiempo que anima intentos repetitivos e incompletos de limpiar y legitimar el orden político-económico. Así, la lucha contra la corrupción es uno de los pilares fundamentales sobre el cual casi todos los gobiernos modernos, desde los más autoritarios hasta los más democráticos, basan sus pretensiones de legitimidad. Por ello, persiste la necesidad de redoblar los esfuerzos para fortalecer los Estados mediante acciones orientadas a proteger los derechos humanos, lograr la estabilización política y social, asegurar una distribución efectiva y uniforme de la riqueza nacional y asegurar la democracia y el desarrollo sostenible en los países.

Los terceros molares retenidos son un tema importante de la patología odontológica, por la variedad de presentación, patología, accidentes que frecuentemente desencadenan. La retención de terceros molares inferiores tiene una frecuencia del 35 % a diferencia de otros dientes retenidos1. Reporte de caso. El presente caso trata de una paciente de 22 años de género femenino que acude a consulta del Hospital Docente las Mercedes por presentar una leve molestia en la hemiarcada del maxilar inferior del lado derecho. Al examen clínico no se observa la pieza dentaria erupcionada. Al examen radiográfico se observa la pieza 4.8 retenida, la cual se programó la cirugía de la pieza 4.8. La extracción se realizó haciendo uso de elevadores, fórceps, un colgajo vestibular con incisión en bolsa, decolaje, luego de eso se procedió a hacer la odontosecciòn para extraer dicha pieza dentaria. Conclusión: Realizar un correcto diagnóstico clínico como radiográfico es de vital importancia ya que así se para aplicar tratamiento eficaz y correcto

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la conservación de la papaya con aplicación de bacterias ácidos lácticas provenientes del mucilago de cacao, se utilizaron diferentes porcentajes de aplicación (0, 5, 10 %) por aspersión a temperatura ambiente 35°C, se valoró el cambio en las características físicas, químicas, y microbiológicas en un lapso de 14 días, el peso de la papaya fluctuó entre 1 – 1.4 kg, considerando una madurez de cosecha. Se realizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con arreglo bifactorial AxB, para la comparación de medias de los tratamientos a estudiar se utilizó la prueba de rangos de Tukey al 5%. Las variables evaluadas (pH, pérdida de peso, acidez) dio como resultado que el tratamiento T9 (10% BAL; 14 Días) fue el que mantuvo mejores propiedades de almacenamiento transcurrido el tiempo de 14 días de conservación, el color de la fruta se mantuvo en niveles adecuados. Palabras Clave: características sensoriales, frutas frescas, procesamiento de frutas, tiempo de vida útil. Referencias [1]Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación FAO, “Procesamiento de frutas y verduras,” Roma, 2014. [2]E. Rodríguez-Sauceda, “Uso de agentes antimicrobianos naturales en la conservación de frutas y hortalizas,” Ra Ximhai, vol. 7, pp. 153–170, 2011, doi: 10.35197/rx.07.01.2011.14.er. [3]R. Raybaudi-Massilia, R. Soliva, y O. Martín, “Simposio Iberoamericano de Hortalizas Frescas , 1 / Congreso Nacional de Procesamiento Mínimo de Frutas y Hortalizas , 4 ( 2006 ),” 2006. [4]M. Valle, “Aplicación de recubrimientos comestibles para mantener la calidad de frutillas congeladas,” p. 211, 2012. [5]A. Garcia Figueroa, A. Ayala-Aponte, y M. I. Sánchez-Tamayo, “Efecto de recubrimientos comestibles de Aloe vera y alginato de sodio sobre la calidad poscosecha de fresa,” Rev. U.D.C.A Actual. Divulg. Científica, vol. 22, no. 2, 2019, doi: 10.31910/rudca.v22.n2.2019.1320. [6]K. Córdova y A. Loor, “Prolongación de la vida útil de la papaya ( Carica papaya ) en percha por inmersión en soluciones de propóleo en etanol,” 2014. [7]I. M. Brasil, C. Gomes, A. Puerta-Gomez, M. E. Castell-Perez, y R. G. Moreira, “Polysaccharide-based multilayered antimicrobial edible coating enhances quality of fresh-cut papaya,” LWT - Food Sci. Technol., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.005. [8]Z. Kalvatchev, D. Garzaro, y F. Guerra Cedezo, “Theobroma cacao L.: Un nuevo enfoque para nutrición y salud,” Rev. Agroaliment., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 23–25,1998. [9]S. Vasquez, H. Suárez, y S. Zapata, “Utilización de sustancias antimicrobianas producidas por bacterias acido lácticas en la conservación de la carne,” Rev. Chil. Nutr., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 64–71, 2009, doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000678. [10]R. Rivera-Rebollar, S. Cabrera-Calderón, A. Lira-Vargas, M. Trejo-Márquez, y S. Pascual-Bustamante, “Efecto de recubrimiento de carboximetilcelulosaadicionado con extracto de epazote en el control de hongos postcosecha de papaya, jitomate y chile,” Investig. y Desarro. en Cienc. y Tecnol. Aliment., vol.1, no. 2, pp. 379–384, 2016. [11]A. Sañudo, J. Siller, T. Osuna, D. Muy, G. López, y J. Labavitch, “Control de la maduración en frutos de papaya (Carica papaya L.) con 1-metilciclopropenoy ácido 2- cloroetil fosfónico,” Rev. Fitotec. Mex., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 141–147, 2008. [12]A. Almeida-Castro, J. Reis-Pimentel, D. Santos-Souza, y T. Vieira, “Estudio de la conservación de la papaya (Carica papaya L.) asociado a la aplicación de películas comestibles,” Rev. Venez. Cienc. y Tecnol. Aliment., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 49–060, 2011. [13]A. Jimenes-Trujillo, “Recubrimiento Comestible a Base de Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) para Papaya (Carica papaya) Y Guayaba (Psidium guajava)Como Alternativa de Alimentos de IV Gama,” Universidad Técnica del Norte, 2017. [14]Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización, “NTE INEN-ISO 750:2013 Productos Vegetales y de Frutas - Determinación de la Acidez Titulable (IDT),” 2013. [15]Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización., “NTE INEN 1756. Frutas Frescas. Papaya. Requisitos,” Ecuador, 1990. [16]A. International, “AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis.”. [17]Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización, “Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE INEN-ISO 2173:2013,” 2013. [18]A. Miranda, A. Alvis, y G. Arrazola, “Efectos de dos recubrimientos sobre la calidad de la papaya (Carica papaya) variedad tainung,” Temas Agrar., vol. 19,no. 1, pp. 7–18, 2014. [19]L. Konda et al., “InfluêncIa da atmosfera modIfIcada por fIlmes plástIcos sobre a qualIdade do mamão armazenado sob refrIgeração 1,” 2006. [20]A. Castricini, “Aplicação de Revestimentos Comestíveis para Conservação de Mamões (Carica papaya L.) ‘Golden,’” UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURALDO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. [21]M. Mata, M. del C. Vásquez, N. Higinio, y D.Hernandéz, “Estudio comparativo de bio-recubrimientos a partir de Manihot esculenta y Phaseolus vulgarisempleadas como recubrimiento en uvas moradas,” Rev. Ciencias Ambient. y Recur. Nat., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 11–25, 2016. [22]M. Maskan, “Microwave/air and microwave finish drying of banana,” J. Food Eng., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 71–78, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0260-8774(99)00167-3. [23]R. Torres, E. Montes, O. Pérez, y R. Andrade,“Relación del color y del estado de madurez con las propiedades fisicoquímicas de frutas tropicales,” Inf. Tecnológica, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 51–56, 2013, doi: 10.4067/S0718-07642013000300007.

Background Different scales have attempted to assess various aspects of family dynamics and structures. Good family function seems to allow for better prognoses for basic diseases and appears to be a predictor of depression. The aim of this study was to determine the association between family functionality and depression. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies using validated instruments such as the Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III. A search strategy was designed for the MEDLINE, Embase, Central, and LILACS databases along with data saturation through a search of unpublished literature from the onset of the databases to the present. The categorical variables are expressed in terms of odds ratios (OR), and the statistical analysis was carried out using Review Manager ver. 5.31 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) using forest plots with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). A fixed-effect model was used according to the expected heterogeneity, expressed in terms of I2 . The risk of bias was evaluated using the MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) tool. Results A total of 1,519 studies were found, of which 10 were selected for the qualitative synthesis and four were chosen for the meta-analysis. The result for the association between family dysfunction and depression yielded an OR (95% CI) of 3.72 (2.70 to 5.12) and I2 of 24%. Conclusion Family dysfunction and depression are strongly associated.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraocular pressure (IOP) control after combined CyPass Micro-Stent implantation and cataract surgery (combined surgery). METHODS All cases of combined surgery performed from February 2017 to July 2018 at Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes were reviewed. The primary outcome was a qualified success with stratified IOP targets based on criteria: final IOP (A) ≤18 mm Hg and reduction of 20%, (B) ≤15 mm Hg and reduction of 25%, (C) ≤12 mm Hg and reduction of 30%. Secondary outcome measures included postoperative IOP and number of medications, complications, additional glaucoma surgery, and postoperative refractive error. Predictive factors for failure were investigated. IOP spike was defined as a postoperative IOP ≥30 or >10 mm Hg increase from preoperative IOP. RESULTS One hundred forty-one eyes (107 patients) were included. Mean (±SD) preoperative IOP was 15.4±3.4 mm Hg on an average of 2.2±1.1 medications. A statistically significant reduction in IOP and number of medications was seen at 12 months (13.8±4.2 mm Hg, 1.3±1.3 medications, P

Objectives and importance of study: The importance of health policy and systems research (HPSR) has been acknowledged since 2004 and was recognised by the United Nations World Health Assembly in 2005. However, many factors influence its development. This paper aims to analyse the impact of politics and political determinants on HPSR funding in selected countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: Using a standardised protocol, we performed an analysis of available data and financing structures for health research and HPSR, based on research in eight countries, including interviews with key stakeholders (n = 42). Results: Dollar depreciation and gross national product growth in the region may play a role in how governments fund research. There have been shifts in the political spectrum in governments, which have affected research coordination and funding in positive and negative ways. HPSR funding in some countries was dependent on budget decisions and although some have improved funding, others have regressed by decreasing funding or have completely cancelled financing mechanisms. Caribbean countries rely mainly on institutional funding. HPSR is recognised as important but remains underfunded; stakeholders believed it should be used more in decision making. Conclusion: Although HPSR is recognised as valuable for decision making and policy development, it does not have the financial support required to flourish in Latin America and the Carribean. Data on health research financing were not easy to access. There was little or no evidence of published reports or papers about research financing, health research funding, and HPSR funding in particular in the studied countries. Because of the fragility of health systems highlighted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, HPSR should be of great relevance and value to both policy makers and funders.

Chiral phase‐transfer catalysis provides high level of enantiocontrol, however no experimental data showed the interaction of catalysts and substrates. 1H NMR titration was carried out on Cinchona and Maruoka ammonium bromides vs. nitro, carbonyl, heterocycles, and N−F containing compounds. It was found that neutral organic species and quaternary ammonium salts interacted via an ensemble of catalyst +N−C−H and (sp2)C−H, specific for each substrate studied. The correspondent BArF salts interacted with carbonyls via a diverse set of +N−C−H and (sp2)C−H compared to bromides. This data suggests that BArF ammonium salts may display a different enantioselectivity profile. Although not providing quantitative data for the affinity constants, the data reported proofs that chiral ammonium salts coordinate with substrates, prior to transition state, through specific C−H positions in their structures, providing a new rational to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity in their catalyses., 1H NMR titration experiments were carried out on Cinchona and Maruoka type quaternary ammonium salts, by using neutral ligands. The data clarified the principal interactions involved between catalyst and reactants, showed the binding of halides and non‐coordinating anion BArF to chiral ammonium species, and provided a guide to understanding the enantioselective processes mediated by this class of organocatalysts.

Background/aimsTo identify clinical characteristics and factors associated with microcystic macular edema (MME) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsWe included 315 POAG eyes between 2010 and 2019 with good-quality macular volume scans that had reliable visual fields (VF) available within 6 months in this observational retrospective cohort study. Eyes with retinal pathologies except for epiretinal membrane (ERM) were excluded. The inner nuclear layer was qualitatively assessed for the presence of MME. Global mean deviation (MD) and Visual Field Index (VFI) decay rates, superior and inferior MD rates and pointwise total deviation rates of change were estimated with linear regression. Logistic regression was performed to identify baseline factors associated with the presence of MME and to determine whether MME is associated with progressive VF loss.Results25 out of 315 eyes (7.9%) demonstrated MME. The average (±SD) age and MD in eyes with and without MME was 57.2 (±8.7) versus 62.0 (±9.9) years (p=0.02) and −9.8 (±5.7) versus −4.9 (±5.3) dB (p0.49).ConclusionsMore severe glaucoma and younger age were associated with MME. MME was not associated with faster global VF decay in this cohort. MME may confound monitoring of glaucoma with full macular thickness.

The present study aims to provide orientation for clinicians and radiologists to recognize the most prevalent findings leading to diagnosis in mucolipidosis from a description of the natural history of five Brazilian cases. We conducted an observational and retrospective study of five patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of mucolipidosis. Clinical evaluation consisted of information obtained from records and including physical, neurologic, and dysmorphic evaluations. Radiologic studies consisted of complete skeletal radiographs of all patients. Enzyme assessment was performed for confirmation of the diagnosis. The five patients were referred for genetic evaluation due to disproportionate short stature with short trunk accompanied by waddling gait. Age at referral varied from 11 months to 28 years. The most prevalent findings were joint restriction (4/5 patients), neuropsychomotor developmental delay (3/5), coarse facies (2/5), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2/5), and mental retardation (1/4 patients). The most common radiological findings were anterior beaking of the vertebral bodies (5/5), shallow acetabular fossae (5/5), epiphyseal dysplasia (5/5), platyspondyly (4/5), pelvic dysplasia (4/5), decreased bone mineralization (4/5), scoliosis (3/5), wide and oar-shaped ribs (3/5), generalized epiphyseal ossification delay (3/5), and hypoplasia of basilar portions of ilea (3/5). Enzyme assessment showed α-iduronidase, α-mannosidase, β-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase A, and total hexosaminidase increased in plasma and normal glycosaminoglycans concentration. One patient was clinically classified as ML II and four patients as ML III. The follow-up of five patients showed the typical clinical and radiological findings allowing the diagnosis, thus improving clinical management and providing adequate genetic counseling. Clinicians and radiologists can take advantage of the information from this work, enhancing their differential diagnosis ability.

Describir a Bogotá por medio de su paisaje permite construir una serie de imágenes que resaltan rasgos, hitos y particularidades de mayor reconocimiento e identidad. Sin embargo, existen micropaisajes —ocultos o catalogados peyorativamente— que son subvalorados. El Observatorio del Paisaje (iniciativa de la Fundación Cerros de Bogotá) emprendió un debate sobre la valoración tradicional del paisaje de la ciudad y su región. Este grupo interdisciplinar promueve la reflexión sobre las formas contemporáneas de contemplar el territorio y la inclusión de metodologías que permitan conocer, de forma participativa, el paisaje bogotano e incorporarlas como insumos a las estrategias de planificación.

Herein we report the addition of acidic γ-butenolide and N-Boc-pyrrolidone to 4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles, a popular class of cinnamic ester synthetic equivalent. The reactions proceeded under the catalysis of Cinchona-based phase-transfer catalysts. Functionalised γ-butenolides were obtained in good isolated yields and moderate enantioselectivity (up to 74% ee).

Although often discussed in practice, there is a paucity of scientific evidence as to the effect of different shoes on equine locomotion on soft ground, especially in hind limbs. Our objectives were to determine the effect of different shoeing conditions on the locomotion of sound horses on a soft surface. Two-dimensional kinematic video analysis was performed in six horses during walk and trot in hand on the same sand surface under seven different shoeing conditions: (1) front feet shod with aluminum shoes and hind feet with steel racehorse shoes, same front shoes in combination with (2) hind egg bar shoes (EGB), (3) hind reverse shoes (REV); and (4) hind covered toe shoe (COV); (5) all four feet unshod; (6) fore feet unshod and hind steel race shoes; and (7) front aluminum shoe and hind feet unshod (hind bare feet [HBF]). We showed that, in comparison to condition 1 which was used as the reference, HBF increased stifle, hip and fore fetlock extension, the fore shod conditions increased carpus and shoulder flexion, COV showed little effect, REV increased elbow and shoulder extension, and EGB increased stifle and hip extension. For main limitations, the results could be different in other speeds, gaits, and surfaces. In conclusion, on sand, shod conditions and hind shoes largely influence upper limb joint motion and have a relatively small influence on distal limb joint motion. This needs to be considered when horses are shod to improve kinematics for performance purposes or when addressing clinical problems.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal (EP) y la artritis reumatoide (AR) son enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas multifactoriales que tienen en común algunos factores etiopatogénicos y la destrucción de los tejidos dentoalveolares y de las articulaciones sinoviales, de tal forma que se han identificado anticuerpos contra microorganismos periodontales en el fluido crevicular, líquido sinovial y en la membrana sinovial. Objetivo: Identificar, recuperar, analizar críticamente y sintetizar la literatura disponible acerca de la prevalencia de microorganismos periodontales en el líquido sinovial de pacientes con AR. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó búsqueda sistemática en Medline, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Google Scholar a través de los descriptores en salud Rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal microorganisms y synovial fluid. Se incluyeron artículos que describieron la presencia de microorganismos periodontales aislados en líquido sinovial de pacientes diagnosticados con AR. La búsqueda se cerró en febrero de 2017 y fue realizada con metodología PRISMA. Se emplearon las fichas de lectura crítica OSTEBA para valorar la validez externa y el nivel de evidencia de cada artículo en función del rigor metodológico. Resultados: Catorce publicaciones describieron la presencia de microorganismos periodontales en líquido sinovial de pacientes con EP y AR. Seis publicaciones realizaron detección de microorganismos periodontales en muestras de líquido sinovial, identificando en todas a P. gingivalis. Conclusiones: Los estudios incluidos evidenciaron la presencia de microrganismos periodontales en el líquido sinovial en sujetos con EP y AR, asociando la prevalencia de P. gingivalis con el aumento de los niveles de anticuerpos anti-CCP, lo que podría exacerbar los procesos inflamatorios y producir reacciones autoinmunes en AR. ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are multifactorial chronic inflammatory diseases that share similar aetiopathogenic mechanisms that lead to the destruction of both dental-alveolar tissues and synovial joints, in such way that antibodies against periodontal pathogens have been identified in the crevicular fluid and in the synovial fluid and membranes. Objective: To identify, recover, critically analyze and synthesize the available literature on the prevalence of periodontal microorganisms in synovial fluid of patients with RA. Materials and methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Google Scholar using the medical subject headings "Rheumatoid arthritis", "periodontal microorganisms" and "synovial fluid". Articles were included that described the presence of isolated periodontal pathogens in synovial fluid of patients diagnosed with RA. The search was closed in February 2017 and was performed using PRISMA methodology. The OSTEBA critical reading sheets were used to assess the external validity and level of evidence of each article in terms of methodological rigor. Results: A total of 14 publications were included that described the presence of periodontal pathogens in synovial fluid of patients with PD and RA. Seven publications detected periodontal pathogens in synovial fluid, with P. gingivalis being positive in all of them. Conclusions: The included studies provided evidence of the presence of periodontal microorganisms in the synovial fluid in subjects with PD and RA, associating the prevalence of P. gingivalis with increased levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, which could exacerbate inflammatory processes and produce autoimmune reactions in RA.

Resumen Introduccion La enfermedad periodontal (EP) y la artritis reumatoide (AR) son enfermedades inflamatorias cronicas multifactoriales que tienen en comun algunos factores etiopatogenicos y la destruccion de los tejidos dentoalveolares y de las articulaciones sinoviales, de tal forma que se han identificado anticuerpos contra microorganismos periodontales en el fluido crevicular, liquido sinovial y en la membrana sinovial. Objetivo Identificar, recuperar, analizar criticamente y sintetizar la literatura disponible acerca de la prevalencia de microorganismos periodontales en el liquido sinovial de pacientes con AR. Materiales y metodos Se realizo busqueda sistematica en Medline, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Google Scholar a traves de los descriptores en salud Rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal microorganisms y synovial fluid. Se incluyeron articulos que describieron la presencia de microorganismos periodontales aislados en liquido sinovial de pacientes diagnosticados con AR. La busqueda se cerro en febrero de 2017 y fue realizada con metodologia PRISMA. Se emplearon las fichas de lectura critica OSTEBA para valorar la validez externa y el nivel de evidencia de cada articulo en funcion del rigor metodologico. Resultados Catorce publicaciones describieron la presencia de microorganismos periodontales en liquido sinovial de pacientes con EP y AR. Seis publicaciones realizaron deteccion de microorganismos periodontales en muestras de liquido sinovial, identificando en todas a P. gingivalis. Conclusiones Los estudios incluidos evidenciaron la presencia de microrganismos periodontales en el liquido sinovial en sujetos con EP y AR, asociando la prevalencia de P. gingivalis con el aumento de los niveles de anticuerpos anti-CCP, lo que podria exacerbar los procesos inflamatorios y producir reacciones autoinmunes en AR.

This chapter argues for an understanding of energy access with reference to the users’ experiences, moving away from the characterization of energy access as a technical issue. This chapter focuses on the neighbourhood of Chamanculo C, in Maputo, Mozambique. Using quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the case shows that energy access is a complex issue which relates to the role of energy in local economies and social interactions, as well as to the structure of the built environment and the intimate relationship between fuel flows and local livelihoods. Improvement of the access to electricity and gas availability has not automatically displaced charcoal as the main fuel for cooking. We argue for methodologies for the study of urban energy landscapes that engage specifically with the material production of urban space.

Kudac (Kingston University Digital Arts Collective) is an electronic improvisation ensemble that brings staff and students together for weekly musicking with technology – incorporating resources ranging from conventional instruments, to computers, to hacked circuit boards. A central element of the ensemble from its inception has been its democratic approach – staff and students explore the musical possibilities and challenges together and gradually mould their practice through a free exchange. In this article we consider the contribution of this ensemble in several overlapping domains: in relation to the individual students, in the context of a higher education music department, and at the intersection of research and teaching. We first survey the structure and activities of the ensemble, contextualizing this with reference to existing research in the fields of laptop performance, free improvisation and musical identity formation. We use this as a platform for tracing how such an ensemble may aid the social construction and shaping of creative identities at both an individual and collective level. We then examine the opportunities and challenges for a music department hosting such an ensemble before highlighting areas for future study.

El interés de dar cuenta sobre las representaciones culturales femeninas en procesos de asentamiento y consolidación, bajo el marco de la representación desde la cultura, se da porque esta temática ha sido poco trabajada, constituyendo la presentación de este trabajo de investigación en un aporte al vacío metodológico y conceptual sobre la Representación cultural femenina, en la historia de las mujeres en Cali. Para abordar desde el presente el contexto histórico abarcado entre 1920-1970, surgió la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo desde las fuentes orales y escritas se puede delimitar y reflexionar sobre los procesos históricos, que dan cuenta de lo femenino dentro de las representaciones culturales de las habitantes de una comunidad ancestral en la ciudad de Cali? Esta cuestión permitió realizar una elaboración metodológica que diera cuenta del tema de investigación propuesto a partir de la articulación e interpretación de diversas fuentes documentales. En esta medida, se retomará en primer lugar, algunas definiciones sobre las fuentes orales y la noción de Representación Cultural Femenina; en segundo lugar se realizarán algunas apreciaciones sobre las nociones de Representación que fueron examinadas y comparadas en las fuentes orales durante el proceso de diseño de la metodología de la investigación y por último, se analiza la oralidad como una forma de lenguaje que permite reconocer la cosmovisión de las mujeres, al exponer las posibles maneras en que se puede contrastar las diversas fuentes documentales incluyendo las orales desde la perspectiva teórico-metodológica de la Historia Oral.

Introducción: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son la tercera enfermedad crónica más prevalente en adolescentes, por lo que se consideran un problema de salud pública.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes de media académica de colegios públicos de la zona urbana de la ciudad de PereiraMétodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con muestreo aleatorio mediante afijación proporcional entre los colegios públicos de la zona urbana de Pereira. Se aplicó la Encuesta de Comportamiento Alimentario (ECA).Resultados: Se encuestaron 382 estudiantes, 58,9% hombres. La ECA fue positiva en el 24,3% de los encuestados. Según el Índice de Masa Corporal el 9,7% de la población se encontraba en rangos de delgadez, 5,8% sobrepeso y 1,6% obesidad. Se encontró relación (p