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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affected by scarcity in the production of insulin. In the present study, we used the bioinformatics approach to examine the possible inhibitory abilities of phytochemical constituents of Tecoma stans towards thioredoxin interacting protein. All the phytochemicals showed good binding attraction to the binding pocket of thioredoxin-interacting protein. pkCSM server was used to detect pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of phytochemical compounds. The amino acids Lysin 117, Lysin 115 and Glycine 119 were exhibited as the key residues for the phytochemicals of Tecoma stans and binding to inhibit the thioredoxin-interacting protein. However further studies are needed to identify the efficacies and activities of Tecoma stans compounds against thioredoxin-interacting protein.

Abstract With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), it is now possible to design diverse and novel molecules from previously unexplored chemical space. However, a challenge for chemists is the synthesis of such molecules. Recently, there have been attempts to develop AI models for retrosynthesis prediction, which rely on the availability of a high-quality training dataset. In this work, we explore the suitability of large language models (LLMs) for extraction of high-quality chemical reaction data from patent documents. A comparative study on the same set of patents from an earlier study showed that the proposed automated approach can enhance the current datasets by addition of 26% new reactions. Several challenges were identified during reaction mining, and for some of them alternative solutions were proposed. A detailed analysis was also performed wherein several wrong entries were identified in the previously curated dataset. Reactions extracted using the proposed pipeline over a larger patent dataset can improve the accuracy and efficiency of synthesis prediction models in future. Scientific contribution In this work we evaluated the suitability of large language models for mining a high-quality chemical reaction dataset from patent literature. We showed that the proposed approach can significantly improve the quantity of the reaction database by identifying more chemical reactions and improve the quality of the reaction database by correcting previous errors/false positives.

Background: Over the last decade (2014–2024), the global prevalence of metabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia (5-8%), hypertension (5-10%), obesity (10-15%) and elevated blood glucose levels (10-15%) has been steadily increasing. Objectives: To determine the correlation among the dietary consumption, lifestyle factors, and metabolic risk factors among the respondent of age 18-65 years. Methods: The respondent (n=419) were enrolled from August 2023 to February 2024 in Coimbatore, India. The sociodemographic characteristics, dietary intake, stress levels, and physical activity were measured using questionnaires. The respondent’s anthropometry, HbA1c level, blood pressure, and liver function tests were examined, and those with abnormal liver enzymes underwent abdominal ultrasonography for fatty liver diagnosis. The descriptive, Chi square and Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient were performed for statistical analysis. Results: This research showed a weak correlation among protein intake of the respondent and obesity (r=0.084 and p-value=0.026). A significant association was observed among blood pressure range and the consumption of fat (r=0.079, p-value=0.039), protein (r=0.158, p-value

Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit degeneratif dengan ciri peningkatan glukosa darah (hiperglikemia). Berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2018, prevalensi diabetes melitus yang didiagnosis oleh dokter pada remaja adalah 0,1%. Peningkatan kadar glukosa darah dapat disebabkan oleh tingginya konsumsi gula yang dipicu oleh ambang rasa manis yang tinggi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara ambang rasa manis dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada remaja di Surabaya Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel 97 orang yang dilipih melalui metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data ambang rasa manis dilakukan dengan metode three-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC). Ambang rasa manis dikategorikan sebagai tinggi jika sampel hanya mampu 4 pertanyaan. Pengukuran glukosa darah dilakukan menggunakan glucometer oleh tenaga medis, dengan tingkat Glukosa Darah Puasa (GDP) >100 mg/dl diklasifikasikan sebagai tinggi. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 12,4% responden memiliki ambang rasa manis tinggi dan sebanyak 10,3% responden memiliki hasil kadar GDP tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara ambang rasa manis dengan kadar GDP pada remaja di Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Surabaya (p-value=0,210). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara ambang rasa manis dengan kadar GDP glukosa pada remaja di Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Surabaya. Sebaiknya responden yang memiliki kadar GDP tinggi dapat melakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan agar mendapatkan penanganan dini dan dapat mengatur pola hidup yang lebih sehat. Kata Kunci: Ambang Rasa, Diabetes Melitus, Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa, Remaja

Abstract The global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for mathematical models to inform public health strategies. The present study introduces a novel six-compartment epidemiological model that uniquely incorporates a higher isolation rate for unreported symptomatic cases of COVID-19 compared to reported cases, aiming to enhance prediction accuracy and address the challenge of initial underreporting. Additionally, we employ optimal control theory to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions and adapt these strategies to specific epidemiological scenarios, such as varying transmission rates and the presence of asymptomatic carriers. By applying this model to COVID-19 data from India (30 January 2020 to 24 November 2020), chosen to capture the initial outbreak and subsequent waves, we calculate a basic reproduction number of 2.147, indicating the high transmissibility of the virus during this period in India. A sensitivity analysis reveals the critical impact of detection rates and isolation measures on disease progression, showing the robustness of our model in estimating the basic reproduction number. Through optimal control simulations, we demonstrate that increasing isolation rates for unreported cases and enhancing detection reduces the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, our cost-effectiveness analysis establishes that a combined strategy of isolation and treatment is both more effective and economically viable. This research offers novel insights into the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions, providing a tool for strategizing public health interventions and advancing our understanding of infectious disease dynamics.

This paper reports the theoretical simulation study of the performance of a complete solid-state dye-sensitised solar cell with Eosin-Y as the photosensitizer and PEDOT: PSS as the hole transport layer. SCAPS-1D software is used for the simulation under quasi-ideal conditions and got an optimised efficiency of 4.19%, which matches much with the reported experimental values in the literature. These finding indicates the potential of Eosin-Y as a cost-effective photosensitiser capable of performing even under dim light conditions.

Acute respiratory virus infections (ARIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Respiratory viral infections in children have been significantly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations in the prevalence of respiratory virus infections have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, which corresponds to the clinical epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory viruses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of acute respiratory viral infection in COVID-19 negative children. The study included 100 SARS-CoV2 negative children with respiratory tract infections. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses causing ARI in children. In our study, adenovirus and HRSV-A were predominantly reported in SARS-CoV2 negative children. The results of the study indicated that the incidence of viruses causing acute respiratory tract infections in children changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of uncertain histogenesis with intermediate malignant potential presenting commonly in the fifth to sixth decade in the proximal limb and limb girdle. A 65-year-old male patient presented with a slow-growing gluteal mass. Wide local excision performed showed a well-defined tumor in the subcutaneous plane with a partially hard outer shell. Microscopy showed a moderately cellular tumor having cords and nests of round to ovoid cells with moderate cytoplasm and bland nuclei embedded in a myxo-hyaline matrix. An incomplete peripheral rim of ossification was seen. Pleomorphism/high cellularity was not seen. Mitosis was

Introduction: There is a wide variation in stroke epidemiology in India due to the differences in culture and the variability in the distribution of risk factors across the states. The present meta-analysis provides a pooled estimate of age, gender, and region-based stroke epidemiology in India based on epidemiological transition level (ETL) groups described in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study (2016). Methods: We searched in PubMed and Google Scholar, and relevant studies published till February 2022 were included. Observational studies conducted in the Indian setting were included and global or Indian studies that exclusively estimated the prevalence, incidence, or mortality data among patients with stroke were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for the risk-of-bias assessment and publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test. The R software was used to perform this meta-analysis; I2 statistics were calculated to measure heterogeneity among studies. Results: We included 58 studies in the systematic review, and after quality assessment, 47 studies were finally included for meta-analysis. The sample sizes of the included studies ranged from 40 to 4989 and the mean age of the participants ranged from 31.7 (Standard Deviation, SD-7.4) to 70.5 (SD-10.7). The burden of stroke was estimated based on the ETL groups described in the GBD Study 2016. We found a male preponderance (64.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 62.5%-68.3%) in the gender distribution of strokes and 75.2% (95% CI: 68.7%-81.7%) of the stroke occurred above the age of 50 years. Ischemic stroke is the predominant subtype of stroke in India, with a higher proportion in the middle ETL region (74.0%; 95% CI: 65.1%-81.3%) as compared to those with low ETL (67.2%; 95% CI: 49.9%-80.8%) and high ETL regions (67.5%; 95% CI: 57.0%-76.4%). Conclusion: There was a significant heterogeneity among the included studies. Majority of strokes occurred in the age group of more than 50 years with a male preponderance. Ischemic stroke was the most common type of stroke with its proportion varying from 67% to 74% depending on ETL. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022316774.

Calcium is a ubiquitous and versatile secondary messenger that enables plant growth through various processes in response to abiotic and biotic stress factors. Plants are immobile and therefore constantly exposed to various environmental stimuli (drought, waterlogging, etc.) and microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses resulting in large crop losses. Calmodulin (CaM) is an evolutionarily conserved calcium-binding protein and sensor that occurs in all eukaryotes and performs various functions under stress. CaM-binding proteins (CBPs) such as transcription factors, enzymes and channels are involved in responses to environmental stress. Plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system to fight infections, commonly referred to as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Soybean is an economically important legume crop that is constantly confronted with various pests and pathogens, resulting in significant yield and production losses. The article highlights the functions of calmodulin in soybean during biotic (soybean-microbe pathogenesis) and abiotic (soybean-environment) interactions in the light of currently available knowledge on the subject. It also describes the new paradigms in this field, emphasising the need for further investigation and providing up-to-date information on the most plausible approaches to combat this challenge for commercial use.

The article exposes the use of the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method of order five, a rarely studied methodology, to address the complexity involved in solving fuzzy hybrid differential equations. The study focuses on evaluating the reliability and accuracy of this method in contrast to recognized procedures, providing a thorough analysis of its performance. The article assesses the effectiveness of the RK-Fehlberg scheme by comparing its results with exact solutions, using thorough analysis and well-supported examples. This comparison analysis highlights the potential of the method to provide more accuracy compared to classic methods like Euler, improved, or modified schemes. The article demonstrates the strength and effectiveness of the method by using numerical examples. This not only helps improve computational techniques for solving fuzzy hybrid systems but also highlights the wide range of applications and reliability of the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg method in mathematical modeling and analysis.

The present study was carried out to analyse the indicators of women empowerment and evaluate the effectiveness of microfinance on women empowerment. Empowerment indicators were identified and analysed based on the responses of 60 SHG (Self-Help Group) women in Mudigere Taluk of Chikmagalur District of Karnataka state. The findings pointed the impact of microfinance on women empowerment based on women empowerment indicators using five-point Likert scale. It was concluded that women’s participation in microfinance empowers them in family, social and economic security in terms of decision making, mobility, ownership of assets and independent savings.