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Purpose The authors designed those experiments to test the sensitivity of graphene when it is exposed to NO2 gas, to find a way to decrease the recovery time of graphene and to find the difference effect between monolayer and bilayer graphene in the experiments. Design/methodology/approach The authors transferred graphene from film on Cu foil to NO2 sensor sample and measured the resistances of on monolayer and bilayer graphene when they were exposed to NO2 gas under different concentration; then, the authors obtained the results. Findings The results show that monolayer graphene exhibits a linear response when the NO2 concentration is below 20 ppm. But the monolayer graphene will not be so sensitive to NO2 gas when the concentration continues to reduce. The desorption time of monolayer graphene is longer when compared with bilayer graphene. It shows faster recovery time and higher response of bilayer graphene under low NO2 concentration. And the limit detectable NO2 concentration of bilayer graphene is 50 ppb. Desorption time of bilayer graphene is shortened to below 20 s under UV light. Originality/value The authors found a reliable way to decrease the recovery time of graphene when it is exposed NO2 gas and got the concrete data.

Herein, activated semi coke (ASC) adsorbents were prepared and tested for SO2 adsorption-desorption process in a rotary reactor. The experiment results showed that the nitric acid activated semi coke (ASC-1) had a higher SO2 adsorption capacity and a better SO2 removal ability in the SO2 adsorption-desorption dynamic process. And the SO2 adsorption efficiency of ASC-1 in the dynamic SO2 removal process was increased from 57.5% to 88.3% at 200 °C with the extension of desorption time from 60 s to 180 s. Increasing the desorption temperature was an effective method to improve SO2 removal efficiency in the rotary reactor. The SO2 adsorption efficiency of ASC could be improved from 52.5% to 80.7% with the desorption temperature increasing from 100 °C to 300 °C. Moreover, the mechanisms of SO2 adsorption-desorption dynamic process over ASC in rotary reactor at different temperatures were also summarized. There were two desorption paths for SO2 species adsorbed on the ASC surface under the purge of desorption gas CO. One of the paths was that the weakly adsorbed SO2 and some –SO3- species were directly desorbed from ASC surface under the purge of CO, which was the dominant SO2 desorption path. And the other path, which was not activated at low temperature (

The injection of CO2 into a coal seam can effectively improve the recovery efficiency of coalbed methane. Existing CO2-enhanced coalbed methane(ECBM) is mainly focused on improving the physical recovery efficiency of free CH4. In macro experiments, it is difficult to simultaneously separate adsorbed CH4 and free CH4; therefore, there are few studies on using CO2 to improve the recovery efficiency of coal seams. In this study, the LF-NMR method was used to evaluate the transformation law of adsorbed and free CH4 during the CO2 injection process, and the enhancement of adsorbed CH4 recovery efficiency using CO2 was quantified. The results showed that adsorbed CH4 and free CH4 formed separate T 2 peaks, allowing them to be distinguished. The T 2 spectra of adsorbed CH4 (adsorbed on pore surfaces) were distributed between 0.01 and 2.247806 ms, whereas the T 2 spectrum of free CH4 (existing between the coal particles and the inner walls of sample cavities) were distributed between 15.702901 and 714.942899 ms. CO2 injection increased the total desorption efficiency of adsorbed CH4 by 19.89%, the desorption efficiency of adsorbed CH4 per unit time by 14.108% and the amount of CH4 desorption per unit mass of coal by 35.23%. The results of the study demonstrate that CO2 injection into a coal seam can significantly improve the recovery efficiency of adsorbed CH4 and shorten the CH4 desorption time; findings that are highly significant in relation to enhancing coalbed methane exploitation and CO2 geological storage.

Farmland soils are prone to contamination with micro- and nanoplastics through a variety of agricultural practices. Concerns are recurrently raised that micro- and nanoplastics act as vector for organic contaminants to deeper soil layers and endanger groundwater resources. Whether and to what extent micro- and nanoplastics facilitate the transport of organic contaminants in soil remains unclear. Here we calculated the ratio between transport and desorption time scales using two diffusion models for micro- and nanoplastics between 100 nm and 1 mm. To identify micro- and nanoplastics bound contaminant transport we evaluated diffusion and partitioning coefficients of prominent agrochemicals and additives and of frequently used polymers e.g., polyethylene and tire material. Our findings suggest that the desorption of most organic contaminants is too fast for micro- and nanoplastics to act as transport facilitators in soil. Contaminant transport enabled by microplastics was found to be relevant only for very hydrophobic contaminants (logKow >5) under preferential flow conditions. While micro- and nanoplastics might be a source of potentially harmful contaminants in farmland soils this study suggests that they do not considerably enhance contaminant mobility. The transfer of organic contaminants from surface to deeper layers in farmland soils is barely enhanced by microplastic and nanoplastic transport, according to an analytical modeling study.

Adsorption of heavy metal ions on chitosan-based adsorbents has been extensively investigated. However, few studies explored the feasibility of desorbing and regenerating chitosan. Adsorbents used after adsorption of heavy metals are discarded, and this practice exacerbates the solid treatment problem. Regeneration and reuse of exhausted adsorbents should be considered to operate environment-friendly and cost-effective adsorption. This review was performed to summarize the desorption of heavy metal ions and possible regeneration of chitosan-based adsorbents using various desorption agents such as acids, alkalis, salts, and chelating agents. It was found that the highest desorption efficiencies obtained by acidic eluents. The percentage use of desorption agents for desorbing followed the order of acids (49.3%) > chelators (26.9%) > alkalis (14.9%) > salts (8.9%). Moreover, the proper desorption time were estimated to be 0.84 by 1.37 h. Beneficial information is provided for regeneration and recovery of chitosan adsorbents.

This study evaluated the NOx adsorption and desorption performance as well as the casual relationship underlying a Mn-incorporated catalyst (Pt/Ba/Ce/xMn/γ-Al2O3). NOx adsorption and desorption are regarded as a prominent index for the NOx removal performance of NOx storage and reduction; we utilized NOx storage experiments with various inlet NO and O2 concentrations and cycling adsorption/desorption experiments with a couple of adsorption time protocols for performance evaluation. In-suit DRIFT and NOx-TPD tests were implemented to reveal the instant stored species and their thermal stability. Eight percent of Mn catalyst at 350 °C was adopted in the described experiments for its desirable NOx adsorption characteristics. The optimal NOx storage performance was found under 10% O2, deteriorating when the concentration was further increased. Furthermore, elevating NO concentration impaired the NOx adsorption due to the low NO2/NOx ratio. It was also found that shorter adsorption time facilitated NOx removal via maintaining an unsaturated state for active storage components in terms of a fixed desorption time. The stored species existed as nitrites and nitrates with a good low-temperature thermal stability which however decayed at higher temperatures as exhibited in the DRIFT and NOx-TPD tests. These findings provided invaluable information for the application of Mn-incorporated catalyst for NOx removal in diesel exhaust purification to relieve the aerial pollution.

In this study, preparation and regeneration of methyl cellulose/calcium alginate beads (MC/CABs), a thermo-sensitive adsorbent material, have been introduced. The effects of preparation parameters, including mass ratio of methyl cellulose to calcium alginate, CaCl2 concentration, stirring speed and calcification time, on the adsorption property and the compressive strength of MC/CABs have been investigated in detail. The optimum parameters were obtained as follows: mass ratio of MC to SA was 1:1; CaCl2 concentration of calcification solution was 0.05 g/mL; stirring speed was 200 r/min; and calcification time was 240 min. As for the MC/CABs prepared under the optimum conditions, its difference of adsorption ratio of MB between 30 and 60 °C was about 57.84%, and its compressive strength reached 0.710 N. The formation mechanism and regeneration mechanism of MC/CABs have been presented in the work. In addition, CaCl2 as the desorption agent has better regenerative properties than Ca(C3H5O3)2 and Ca(CH3COO)2. Under the regeneration conditions of calcium concentration 0.01 g/mL, deionized water 50 mL, desorption temperature 60 °C and desorption time 15 min, both adsorption capacity and compressive strength of the used MC/CABs could be basically recovered to the level of fresh MC/CABs after the regeneration. The effects of preparative parameters on the property of MC/CABs, a thermo-sensitive adsorbent material, have been investigated. The optimal preparation and regeneration conditions were obtained, and the formation mechanism and regeneration mechanism of MC/CABs were also presented.

Thermally activated hydrogen desorption from pentagraphane is studied by atomistic computer simulation. Pentagraphane is a recently predicted quasi-two-dimensional hydrocarbon compound that represents a pentagraphene single layer, in which both sides are covered with hydrogen and the C–C bonds form a network of adjacent pentagons, whereas the hexagons characteristic of carbon nanostructures are lacking. The effect of hydrogen desorption on the electronic structure, phonon density of states, and Young’s modulus are studied. The temperature dependence of the characteristic desorption time is determined by the molecular-dynamics method.

A simple method was developed to determine 14 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in bottled waters, based on dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (d-µ-SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Extraction was optimized using 2 k-1 factorial and Doehlert experimental designs. Optimized conditions were 80 mg C18, 25 min extraction at 1000 rpm, and 6 min desorption time. Repeatability was below 17 % for all EDCs. LOD and LOQ varied from 1.60 ng L-1 (estradiol, E2) to 23.2 ng L-1 (dimethylphthalate, DMP) and from 5.33 ng L-1 (E2) to 77.3 ng L-1 (DMP). We found DMP and bisphenol A (BPA) in samples after the heat treatment. DMP was up to 58.7 µg L-1, while BPA was up to 1.34 µg L-1. Tolerance of daily intake (TDI) for DMP were 2.50–2.94 µg kg−1 day−1 (children) and 1.43–1.68 µg kg−1 day−1 (adults). TDI for BPA were 0.03–0.07 µg kg−1 day−1 (children) and 0.01–0.04 µg kg−1 day−1 (adults).

Brazil is among the ten largest rice producers in the world, concentrating its production in the southern region. Anthropic activities, such as the disposal of chemicals in the ecosystem and consequently in the aquatic environment, end up harming the availability and quality of the water. Here, we developed an analytical method based on BAµE with WAX as an extraction phase for the determination of 5 pesticides and 2 emerging contaminants in water samples used in rice cultivation by HPLC–DAD. The method was fully optimized through univariate and multivariate approaches. The optimized condition was obtained with 145 min of extraction time, without salt addition and 35 min of desorption time using 250 μL of MeOH:AcEt (60:40, v/v). A reduced mass of extraction phase (around 4 mg) and sample and solvent volumes (15 mL and 300 µL, respectively) were used. The bars have a low cost and can be used up to 20 times without loss of extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the developed method presented high-throughput, because it uses a Voltage Regulator Variac system that allows the coupling of six magnetic stirrers simultaneously. The LODs ranged from 1.67 to 2.50 µg L−1 and the LOQs ranged from 5.00 to 7.50 µg L−1; both were below the VMP established by Ordinance 2.914/2011/MS for drinking water. Relative recoveries applied to the sample ranged from 80 to 121%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were up to 14% and 19%, respectively. The results were satisfactory, in accordance with the validation guidelines of the AOAC. Twenty-four samples collected in the Camboriu River Basin, which is influenced by rhiziculture, were analyzed and the analytes were not detected, as they are below the limits obtained in this method.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), adapted for use in clinical microbiology laboratories, challenges current standards of microbial detection and identification. This article summarizes the capabilities of MALDI-TOF MS in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratories and describes the underpinnings of the technology, highlighting topics such as sample preparation, spectral analysis, and accuracy. The use of MALDI-TOF MS in the clinical microbiology laboratory is growing, and, when properly deployed, can accelerate diagnosis and improve patient care.

Exploiting a high-performance capacitive deionization (CDI) system with both high salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and fast salt adsorption rate (SAR) is a challenge for desalination. Herein, a novel three-electrode CDI (3-CDI) with both flow-through (FTE) electrode and flow-by (FB) electrode is originally developed. Experimental results indicate that a higher SAC and faster SAR are realized in 3-CDI compared with FB CDI via using conventional symmetrical/ asymmetrical electrodes. Besides, 3-CDI achieves a higher charge efficiency (Λ), lower energy consumption, shorter desorption time and good cyclic stability. Further analysis shows more FTE electrode mass in 3-CDI can be used for desalting compared with the reported value. However, as the number of FTE electrodes increases, the electrode mass utilization rate will decrease in turn. Moreover, it is found that the deionization process of both CDI cells is different. pH fluctuations analysis reveals that 3-CDI can prolong the time required for the electrode to reach the desalination equilibrium and overtly delay the time for the conversion of desalination behavior to faradaic reactions. Overall, this work sheds light on the effective utilizing electrode mass for desalination and has a reference for designing high-performance CDI cells from the perspective of hybrid cell structure.

A method for the hydrocarbon content in nanometer size pores adsorbed gas in unconventional reservoir rocks using gas chromatography (GC-FID) has been established in this paper. The experiment of gas desorption from nanometer size pores using a device for preparing nanometer size rock samples and gas desorption has been carried out to determine the most favorite experiment conditions. The result shows that the best desorption time is about 20 min with the temperature at 80°C and the sample weight of 20 g. The test conditions for gas chromatography are as follows: an OV-101 GC column with carrier gas flow rate at 40 mL/min; the temperature of GC oven began at 50°C for 0.5 min and then increased to 100°C at 10°C/min, with the final temperature being maintained for 5 min. The parallel test shows that the method introduced here is characterized by quickness, accurateness, and high sensibility with relative testing error less than 9.99% (the least is 2.18%). We have tested 19 rock samples from 11 wells...

The microbiological management of patients with suspected bacterial infection includes the identification of the pathogen and the determination of the antibiotic susceptibility. These traditional approaches, based on the pure culture of the microorganism, require at least 36-48h. A new method, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), has been recently developed to profile bacterial proteins from whole cell extracts and obtain a bacterial fingerprint able to discriminate microorganisms from different genera and species. By whole cell-mass spectrometry, microbial identification can be achieved within minutes from cultured isolate, rather than traditional phenotypic or genotypic characterizations. From the year 2009 an explosion of applications of this technology has been observed with promising results. Several studies have been performed and showed that MALDI-TOF represents a reliable alternative method for rapid bacteria and fungi identification in clinical setting. A future area of expansion is represented by the application of MALDI-TOF technology to the antibiotic susceptibility test. In conclusion, the revision of the literature available up to date demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS represents an innovative technology for the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial and fungal isolates in clinical settings. By an earlier microbiological diagnosis, MALDI-TOF MS contributes to a reduced mortality and hospitalization time of the patients and consequently has a significant impact on cost savings and public health.

The extraction of volatile compounds from distilled sugarcane spirits was investigated using central composite design associated with response surface methodology. The parameters evaluated were the extraction temperature, extraction time and desorption time. All of the parameters analysed, as well as their interactions, were significant for the process at a 95% confidence level. Although the extraction time and extraction temperature exhibited positive effects, the desorption time showed a negative effect. The second-order polynomial model was adjusted appropriately for the response surface analysis. The optimized conditions were extraction temperature equal to 45°C, extraction time of 50 min and the desorption time corresponding to 100 s. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

For the first time the method DI-SPME/LC-TOFMS was used and developed in order to determine the large antidepressant drugs in real forensic cases. The aim of the study was to optimize the new DI-SPME/LC-TOFMS method for the quantification of the large group of psychotropic drugs such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and sleeping pills "Z". The volume of the sample, adsorption time, post-adsorption purification and desorption time were precisely optimized. The validation parameters such as limit of detection and quantification, linearity, precision during and between days and the matrix effect were determined. All obtained values are within the acceptable range for toxicological analyses. The usefulness of the method was confirmed by analyzing the post-mortem samples. Drug concentrations were determined in real samples with high precision, which gives perspectives for the DI-SPME/LC-TOFMS routine application in toxicological and forensic analyses in the future.

Laser desorption-time of flight (LD-TOF) mass spectrometry-based detection of hemozoin was assessed for its performance characteristics as a rapid screening test for malaria. In spite of good specificity of >95%, poor sensitivity of 80.2% for microscopically positive samples makes the easy-to-apply and rapid approach unsuitable for the routine diagnostic setting.

International audience; In this paper are reviewed the main reported trends of Al incorporation as a function of the main 4H-SiC epitaxial growth parameters. Al incorporation was found to be limited by its high desorption rate for all the parameters investigated. Due to the lack of a general model describing reasonably the processes of Al incorporation, the concept of surface vacancy induced incorporation was proposed and applied to explain these experimental results. In this model, Al incorporation is mainly driven by the transient formation of Si vacancies at the surface or sub-surface of terraces. It was shown that for increasing Al incorporation, one needs to improve its stability upon adsorption on Si vacancy and/or to reduce its desorption time. In this model, the transient formation of C vacancies at the surface or sub-surface (favored at low C/Si ratio) is proposed to play also a role by destabilizing the incorporated Al atoms.

Experiments were carried out in a tower reactor to assess CO2 absorption performances of aqueous monothanlamine (MEA) solutions and its blends with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) to the simulated flue gas. The influences of MEA solution concentration, solution flow rate, and solution temperature on CO2 absorption performances were investigated. The results show that these factors significantly affect CO2 absorption performances. Besides, different proportions of aqueous MEA/MDEA solutions were employed to test their absorption performances of CO2 in this tower reactor. It was found that aqueous MEA/MDEA solutions has a reasonable proportion of 7% (w/w) MEA and 3% (w/w) MDEA to achieve the highest absorption amount and regeneration efficiency of CO2, while the total CO2 absorption amount is lower than that of 10% MEA solution at the exit of tower reactor. The desorption time of the blends of 7% (w/w) MEA and 3% (w/w) MDEA would become shorter after adding 1% (w/w) 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), but its CO2 absorption efficiency would become less, and aqueous 9% MEA + 1% MDEA + 1% AMP solution has the highest value of absorption.

This study investigated the cycle optimization of four-bed, silica gel–water adsorption with reheat cycle, where the desorber (upper bed) and adsorber (lower bed) always interact with the condenser and evaporator, to exploit a low heat-source temperature. In a previous study, the performance of a reheat cycle with chilled water outlet temperature fixed at 9°C was observed without considering the cycle optimization. Maintaining a constant chilled water outlet temperature is also of equal importance to improve the conversion efficiency so that maximum cooling capacity can be derived. In this paper, a simulation model of reheat adsorption cycles is developed to analyze the optimization of the cycle time, including adsorption/desorption time, mass recovery time, and preheating/precooling time, with chilled water outlet temperature fixed. The reheat working principle is also introduced. The proposed cycle is compared with the four-bed versison without reheat cycle in terms of coefficient of performance (COP) a...

This paper deals with nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes functionalized by carboxyl groups. The carbon nanotubes were non-covalent modified by lead phthalocyanine. The modification showed improvement of important sensor properties. Sensitivity change is 50 % from original value under exposure to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide. The dynamic properties of sensor are much better in comparison with non-modified carbon nanotubes. Gas desorption was accelerated by UV illumination and desorption time is shortened to several seconds.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are monitored in numerous fields using several commercially-available sampling options. Sorbent-based sampling techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), provide pre-concentration and focusing of VOCs prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. This study investigated the dynamics of SPME Arrow, which exhibits an increased sorbent phase volume and improved durability compared to traditional SPME fibers. A volatile reference mixture (VRM) and saturated alkanes mix (SAM) were used to investigate optimal parameters for microbiological VOC profiling in combination with GC–MS analysis. Fiber type, extraction time, desorption time, carryover, and reproducibility were characterized, in addition to a comparison with traditional SPME fibers. The developed method was then applied to longitudinal monitoring of Bacillus subtilis cultures, which represents a ubiquitous microbe in medical, forensic, and agricultural applications. The carbon wide range/polydimethylsiloxane (CWR/PDMS) fiber was found to be optimal for the range of expected VOCs in microbiological profiling, and a statistically significant increase in the majority of VOCs monitored was observed. B. subtilis cultures released a total of 25 VOCs of interest, across three different temporal trend categories (produced, consumed, and equilibrated). This work will assist in providing foundational data for the use of SPME Arrow in future microbiological applications.

In this work, Tenax consecutive extractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were conducted in two spiked sediments to investigate the influence of different Tenax addition amounts and desorption times on the rapidly desorbing fraction of PAHs, and to determine a reliable method for estimating PAHs bioavailability. The results indicated that a large Tenax addition amount has a positive effect on the desorption of PAHs from sediments. The desorption amounts of target PAHs compounds (3-ring phenanthrene and 4-ring fluoranthene) increased as the Tenax: sediment ratios increased from 0.25 to 2 in two spiked sediments. The highest desorption percentages of phenanthrene and fluoranthene were 48.91% and 34.70% for Jialing industrial park sediment, and 43.36% and 33.24% for Huanghuayuan bridge sediment, respectively. The results of desorption kinetics were suitably fitted with first order three-compartment model to estimate the rapidly desorbing fraction, Moreover, the Tenax: sediment ratio of 1 and desorption time of 24 h were found to be suitable for the desorption of phenanthrene and fluoranthene from sediments. The PAHs in sediments were biodegraded well by the bacterial strain J1-q. Comparing the maximum biodegraded amount of target PAHs in 30 days and the desorbed fraction over 400 h, the results showed that Tenax had better correlation with the high molecular weight fluoranthene than with the low molecular weight phenanthrene.

A novel solar water-bath solid adsorption ice-making system with activated carbon-methanol as adsorption working pairs was designed and constructed. The experimental results demonstrated that the desorption temperature and the desorption time had important influences on performance of the ice-making system. The daily ice-making capacity of 5.1 kg and refrigeration cycle coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.0322 could be obtained when the desorption temperature was maintained at 94 °C. However, there were no ice-making phenomenon when the desorption temperature was respectively maintained at 85 °C and 75 °C. With the increasing of desorption time from 7 h to 12 h when the desorption temperature was maintained at 94 °C, the COP of the system dropped gradually from 0.0507 to 0.0370, and the heat utilization efficiency decreased from 0.5969 to 0.4608 due to the gradual increase of energy imported into the system. The daily ice-making capacity increased rapidly from 5.5 kg to 7.6 kg when the desorption time increased from 7 h to 10 h, however, the daily ice-making capacity increased slightly from 7.6 kg to 7.7 kg when the desorption time was increased from 10 h to 12 h. There was an optimal desorption time of 10 h for the system.

A solid-phase microextraction procedure followed by analysis by gas chromatography is proposed to determine surface flavouring content in encapsulated flavouring. The method showed a good selectivity, as well as good intraday and interday precision, CVs

Experimental data on the sorption extraction of uranium from fluorine-containing solutions on different types of modern ion-exchange absorbers and structures in order to improve the technological schemes for reprocessing wastes from radiochemical production are presented. The primary technological relations are studied and the optimal indices in static and dynamic regimes of sorption-desorption extraction of uranium from model systems simulating production fluorine-containing solutions are determined. A chelate-forming aminophosphonic cation-exchanger Purolite S950 with uranium capacity up to 20% is recommended. It is shown that uranium concentration in the waste ≤0.003 g/liter can be obtained. It is found that uranium desorption by a 15% solution of sodium carbonate is a highly efficient process with desorption time 10 h and degree of uranium desorption 99.92%.

Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) films were grown and used to detect ozone gas. When the deposition temperature was below 400 °C, the IGZO surfaces were uniform and smooth. The most stable gas sensor made from an IZGO film was deposited at room temperature and annealed at 200 °C for 30 min under pure argon gas at 200 mTorr. Films annealed at 200 °C are much more sensitive to ozone gas than those annealed at other temperatures (the sensitivity was enhanced from 0.45 to 15). The desorption time of the ozone improved from 2541 to 327 s. Annealed IGZO films can detect ozone at 35–168 ppb with resolution of about 20 ppb. These films detected ozone at ppb level, which means that IGZO has the potential to serve as the active material in gas sensors.

Recent genome-wide or follow-up studies conducted in European or Caucasian populations have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring increased risk to autoimmune diseases. It is unclear whether these observations can apply to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in China. An association study was performed on 395 SLE patients and 378 healthy controls recruited from the Chinese population, in which the IL12RB2 rs3790567, IKZF1 rs2366293, XKR6 rs4240671, TMEM39A rs1132200 and CSK rs34933034 polymorphisms were examined by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. The frequency of the A allele of IL12RB2 rs3790567 was lower in the cases compared with the controls (24.8% vs 30.2%, P = 0.018) and significant difference among the AA, AG and GG genotypes of rs3790567 was detected between the SLE patients and healthy controls (P = 0.020). We also found a statistically significant difference in the dominant model (GG+AG vs AA, P = 0.008). There was no correlation between the genotypes and specific sub-phenotypes in the current cohort. Associations with IKZF1 rs2366293, XKR6 rs4240671, TMEM39A rs1132200 and CSK rs34933034 were also lacking (P > 0.05). The results supported the theory that IL12RB2 is associated with SLE in the Chinese population.

Mixed amine solvents have gained increasing attention in recent years. The absorption and desorption performance of mixed amine solvents for CO2 were analyzed by experiments. The absorption rate, absorption load, and desorption rate were used as the evaluating index. The experiment results show that the smaller proportion of MDEA/DETA solvents is the higher absorption load and absorption rate are, but the final desorption degree does not rise. When the rate of TETA is high, it is helpful to improve absorption rate and reduce desorption time of MDEA + TETA, but it is not necessary to add excessive TETA into mixed amine solvents.

The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometric technique (IMS) offered a new breakthrough perspective in the analysis of drug abuse in forensic science; however, it only produced barcode-like images, semi-quantitative analysis. In order to develop intermittent monitoring by this IMS for forensic and medical sciences, it is important to quantitatively measure the contents of longitudinally sliced hair sections. We developed quantitative imaging mass spectrometry (QIMS) of nicotine (NC) in longitudinally sliced hairs by MALDI-IMS with the selected reaction monitoring mode using a labeled NC ((13)C3-NC) standard for the serially chronological monitoring and traceability of NC intake in heavy smokers. The calibration curve of NC/(13)C3-NC was virtually a linear equation at ranges from 1 to 50 ng/mL, the slope was 0.020, and the intercept was almost 0.023 and the R(2) was 0.9965. The limit of quantitation of NC was calculated as 1.6 ng/mg hair (an average weight of the hair would be assumed 0.06 mg/cm) by QIMS. Moreover, NC concentrations in two separate heavy smokers (n = 3) were 8.5 ± 1.2 and 34.5 ± 2.8 ng/mg hair, respectively, and covariations were ∼10% using a single hair. Quantitative mass barcode-like image of sliced section of hair allowed for the quantitative assessment of NC concentrations in long-term smokers similar to drugs and medicines during drug histories.

Based on spontaneous desorption characteristic, the correlation of desorption time and gas content was analyzed and the application of it in production was researched. The desorption of high rank coalbed methane in Qinshui basin was periodic, and isotope fractionation effect also exists in the process. Δδ13C1 can be used to distinguish the stabilization of coalbed methane wells, associated with desorption rate, the individual well recoverable reserves can be calculated. Economically recoverable time can be predicted according to the logarithmic relationship between desorption gas content per ton and desorption time. The error between predicted result and numerical simulation result is only 1.5%.