901 results on '"Desheng Li"'
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2. A new paradigm for generating high-quality cardiac pacemaker cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells
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Zheyi Lin, Bowen Lin, Chengwen Hang, Renhong Lu, Hui Xiong, Junyang Liu, Siyu Wang, Zheng Gong, Mingshuai Zhang, Desheng Li, Guojian Fang, Jie Ding, Xuling Su, Huixin Guo, Dan Shi, Duanyang Xie, Yi Liu, Dandan Liang, Jian Yang, and Yi-Han Chen
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Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Cardiac biological pacing (BP) is one of the future directions for bradyarrhythmias intervention. Currently, cardiac pacemaker cells (PCs) used for cardiac BP are mainly derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, the production of high-quality cardiac PCs from PSCs remains a challenge. Here, we developed a cardiac PC differentiation strategy by adopting dual PC markers and simulating the developmental route of PCs. First, two PC markers, Shox2 and Hcn4, were selected to establish Shox2:EGFP; Hcn4:mCherry mouse PSC reporter line. Then, by stepwise guiding naïve PSCs to cardiac PCs following naïve to formative pluripotency transition and manipulating signaling pathways during cardiac PCs differentiation, we designed the FSK method that increased the yield of SHOX2+; HCN4+ cells with typical PC characteristics, which was 12 and 42 folds higher than that of the embryoid body (EB) and the monolayer M10 methods respectively. In addition, the in vitro cardiac PCs differentiation trajectory was mapped by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which resembled in vivo PCs development, and ZFP503 was verified as a key regulator of cardiac PCs differentiation. These PSC-derived cardiac PCs have the potential to drive advances in cardiac BP technology, help with the understanding of PCs (patho)physiology, and benefit drug discovery for PC-related diseases as well.
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- 2024
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3. Magnetostrictive strain-sensitivity synergy for laser-beam powder bed fusion processed Fe81Ga19 alloys by magnetic field annealing
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Xiong Yao, Desheng Li, Chengde Gao, Youwen Deng, Jing Zhang, and Cijun Shuai
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Laser-beam powder bed fusion ,Magnetic field annealing ,Magnetostrictive strain ,Magnetostrictive sensitivity ,Fe–Ga alloys ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Magnetostrictive Fe–Ga alloys have been demonstrated potentialities for numerous applications, whereas, suffering a tradeoff between large magnetostrictive strain and high sensitivity. Herein, bulk polycrystalline Fe81Ga19 alloys were prepared by laser-beam powder bed fusion (LPBF) and then annealed in magnetic field for manipulating the comprehensive magnetostrictive properties. Results indicate that oriented grains are developed in the LPBF-prepared Fe81Ga19 alloys due to high temperature gradient. After magnetic field annealing (MFA), the magnetic domains within the alloys gradually transformed into well-arranged stripe domains, especially, flat and smooth 90° domains were established in the alloys annealed at 2600 Oe. As a result, the induced orientation grains and 90° domains contributed to an improved effective magnetic anisotropy constant (57.053 kJ/m3), leading to an enhanced magnetostrictive strain of 92 ppm. Moreover, the MFA-treated alloys also displayed enhanced magnetostrictive sensitivity (0.097 ppm/Oe) owing to the smooth domain structures and low dislocation densities, demonstrating a fruitful strain-sensitivity synergy. In addition, good magnetostrictive dynamic response and enhanced compressive yield strength were also observed for the prepared alloys. This work demonstrates that LPBF and MFA might be an attractive strategy to resolve the tradeoff between strain and sensitivity, providing a basis for the preparation of high-performance magnetostrictive materials.
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- 2024
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4. A synergetic self-sealing model for cement-based composite using granular expansive agent and crystalline admixture
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Desheng Li, Yuanming Lai, Zhi Wen, Qiang Gao, Zhaowei Ding, Hao Zheng, and Bing Chen
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Self-sealing ,Self-healing ,Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) ,Granular expansive agent self-sealing model (GEASM) ,Cement-based material ,Leaking water flow ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
The autogenous self-sealing model has been researched in previous work, which could help to characterize the self-sealing process with crystalline products. The model outcome was presented in the form of leakage water flow, which demonstrates the self-sealing capacity or the recovery of watertightness. While in the research area of cement-based material self-sealing, the expansive agent cannot be neglectable, for example the superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Especially for the building components exposed to free water, an efficient water flow blockage after cracking is crucial to ensure stable service. Hence in this study, the self-sealing process of a granular expansive agent inside the crack of cement-based material was simulated. The model outputs were compared with experimental results to verify the reliability. Additionally, the autogenous self-sealing model was incorporated into this model to simulate the “crystallization-expansion” synergetic self-sealing. The contribution of crystalline product and expanded EA to water flow blockage were compared during the crystallizing process. Overall, this model is of great use to evaluate the role of expansive agent on water flow blockage after the cement-based material cracking in hydraulic engineering or engineering components exposed to water.
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- 2024
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5. Research on B2O3–NaF–SiO2 fluxes for improved fusion defects and mechanical properties of A7N01 alloy with unequal thickness
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Ning Cui, Yaojie Chao, Yu Tang, Qian Luo, Desheng Li, Sitong Zang, and Hai Lin
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Mechanical properties ,Fusion defects ,Flux ,A7N01 aluminum alloy ,Finite element analysis ,A-MIG ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
In the aerospace industry, the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys has encountered significant challenges owing to fusion defects. In this work, the B2O3–NaF–SiO2 fluxes are employed for the first time to improve the fusion defects and mechanical properties of butt-welded A7N01 alloy with unequal thickness under natural ageing. The finite element analysis (FEA) approach is used to account for the evolution mechanism of residual stresses. The simulated results indicate that the distribution and values of residual compressive stresses are improved, which contribute to the microhardness. After applying a coating-position optimization of the B2O3–NaF–SiO2 fluxes, the fluxes plays a role in enhancing the welding current density and increasing the concentration of oxygen elements. The melt pool morphology and the fusion defect of the thicker side are ameliorated, resulting in a considerable increase in the yield strength and the tensile strength. Therefore, this paper establishes the viability of applying B2O3–NaF–SiO2 fluxes for additive manufacturing of A7N01 aluminum alloys and provides new ideas for exploring the optimal active fluxes of other 7xxx series aluminum alloys.
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- 2024
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6. Pharmacological properties of Humulus scandens: Insights from the TCMSP database and existing understanding
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De Xin Dang, Desheng Li, Shi Qi Xu, Feng He, Xinhua Xia, and Shaoyong Xu
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Humulus scandens ,Herbal medicine ,Integration of Chinese and Western medicine ,Network pharmacology ,TCMSP database ,Humulus japonicus ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Introduction: Humulus scandens (HS) has been traditionally used in folk medicine for treating a wide spectrum of ailments. Despite its long history of use, its integration into modern medicine has been relatively limited. This review aims to summarize the existing understanding of the pharmacological effects of HS and explore its potential pharmacological benefits using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Methods: we reviewed the pharmacological effects of HS by conducting a thorough literature search across databases like Google Scholar, CNKI, RISS, and J-Stage, as well as searching classical sources such as “Ben Cao Gang Mu” and “Ming Yi Bie Lu”. Furthermore, we used the TCMSP database to identify bioactive components of HS, focusing on those with oral bioavailability ≥ 30 % and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18, and explored the potential diseases associated with these components. Results: HS as a traditional herbal medicine has been used to treat congestion, hematuria, strangury, watery diarrhea, and sores, as well as to enhance kidney function and promote urination. It has also served as a remedy for snake and scorpion bites. Modern experimental evidence suggests that HS exhibits efficacy in treating a wide range of conditions, including inflammation, and disorders of the respiratory system, urinary system, skin, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and cardiocerebral vascular system, as well as immunity-related diseases. Furthermore, it demonstrates promising properties in anti-cancer activity, hepatoprotection, lipid metabolism regulation, pain relief, alleviating diarrhea, and treating mental illness. Beyond these known effects, evidence from the TCMSP database highlights its potential in treating tumors, eye disorders, muscle disorders, diabetes, insomnia, and developmental disabilities. Discussion: HS is a traditional herbal medicine with multiple pharmacological properties. However, while some pharmacological properties of HS have been validated through experiments, further research efforts are needed to explore its other effects. Such endeavors are crucial for a thorough understanding of HS and its potential therapeutic application.
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- 2024
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7. Clinical characteristics and risk factor analysis of recipients with multidrug-resistant bacterial bloodstream infections after liver transplantation: a single-centre retrospective study
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Chuanlin Chen, Qinghua Guan, Desheng Li, Bo Sheng, Zhenyu Zhang, and Yongfang Hu
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Organ transplantation ,liver transplantation ,postoperative complications ,blood stream infections ,multidrug-resistant bacterial ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Background The clinical characteristics and associated risk factors for recipients who experience multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) bloodstream infections after liver transplantation are poorly understood. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of pathogenic bacteria and identify associated risk factors in patients who underwent MDRO after liver transplantation.Method We retrospectively collected data on recipients who developed bloodstream infections after liver transplantation between 2018 and 2023. Recipients were divided into MDRO and non-MDRO groups based on blood culture results. We explored the risk factors for MDRO bloodstream infections post-transplantation and summarised the clinical features, pathogen epidemiology, and prognosis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant risk factors.Results A total of 463 liver transplant recipients were studied, and 73 developed blood infections. There were 29 MDRO cases. The mean duration of the episodes was 26 days (range: 1–474 days). Among these patients, 22 (30.1%) developed blood infections without fever (temperature 2 (p 2 may be risk factors for multidrug-resistant bacterial bloodstream infections after liver transplantation.
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- 2024
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8. Heterogeneous amorphous/crystalline ZnZrCu biodegradable alloys with synergistic strength–plasticity prepared by mechanical alloying and laser powder bed fusion
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Desheng Li, Shuai Tang, Xiong Yao, Youwen Deng, Cijun Shuai, and Chengde Gao
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Laser powder bed fusion ,mechanical alloying ,heterogeneous amorphous/crystalline ,ZnZrCu alloys ,synergistic strength–plasticity ,Science ,Manufactures ,TS1-2301 - Abstract
Amorphous Zn-based alloys have shown considerable potential for implant applications owing to the impressive strength. However, they inevitably fall into strength–plasticity trade-off dilemma due to shear bands softening. In this work, a novel and feasible route of mechanical alloying (MA) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was first developed for manufacturing heterostructured ZnZrCu alloys. The results showed that MA destabilised atomic periodicity of Zn/Zr powders and induced amorphization. Furthermore, increasing Cu content enhanced amorphization ability and in-situ synthesised ϵ-phases, endowing ZnZrCu powders with heterostructure. During LPBF, the fast-melting kinetics and highly localised nature restricted devitrification and promoted the uniform distribution of ϵ-phases, constructing heterogeneous amorphous/crystalline ZnZrCu alloys. Consequently, ZnZrCu alloys exhibited good strength–plasticity synergy attributed to extra strain-hardening and hampering premature failure of shear bands. This study not only provides a feasible route to prepare biodegradable Zn-based alloys with strength–plasticity synergy but also sheds light on the design and manufacture of cutting-edge amorphous alloys.
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- 2024
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9. Postbiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 improves growth performance, mortality rate, immunity, and tibia health in broiler chicks
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Desheng Li, Shan Fang, Feng He, Xinyan Fan, Tieliang Wang, Zeliang Chen, and Mi Wang
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small intestine health ,immunity ,tibia characteristic ,survival rate ,killed probiotic ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
IntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of postbiotics on growth performance, mortality rate, immunity, small intestinal health, tibia characteristics, and hematological parameters of broiler chicks. he postbiotics were derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025.MethodsA total of 480 day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks (52.83 ± 1.38 g) were used in a 42-day study and were randomly allocated into four groups. Each group comprised 6 replicate cages, each containing 20 birds. Dietary treatments were based on a basal diet, supplemented with postbiotics at concentrations of 0.000%, 0.015%, 0.030%, or 0.045%.Results and discussionThe results demonstrated an improvement in growth performance, antibody titers against avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus, serum albumin levels, and serum total protein levels, as well as a reduction in mortality rate among broiler chicks with increasing levels of postbiotic supplementation. The most significant effect were observed in the group receiving 0.015% postbiotics. Furthermore, a dose-dependent enhancement in tibia weight and tibia weight to length ratio, coupled with a reduction in the robusticity index, was noted. The most favorable outcomes for tibia health were observed in the group receiving 0.030% postbiotics. This improvement in tibia health corresponded to a linear increase in serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents. In summary, supplementing broiler chicks with 0.015% postbiotics effectively enhances immunity, leading to improved growth performance and reduced mortality rates. Additionally, a postbiotic dose of 0.030% is suitable for optimizing tibia health.
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- 2024
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10. Comparative evaluation of amino acid profiles, fatty acid compositions, and nutritional value of two varieties of head water Porphyra yezoensis: 'Jianghaida No. 1' and 'Sutong No.1'
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Bin Guan, Yuyan Sun, Xuxiao Liu, Chongyu Zhong, Desheng Li, Xin Shan, Xingxing Hui, Chaofa Lu, Yujia Huo, Runkai Sun, Min Wei, and Wei Zheng
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Porphyra yezoensis ,Nutritional composition ,Amino acid ,Fatty acids ,Minerals ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Comparative nutritional analysis of Porphyra yezoensis strains “Jianghai No. 1” and “Sutong No.1” revealed significant differences in crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, and total sugar. Both strains contained 16 amino acids, with alanine as the highest and histidine the lowest content. Methionine was determined to be the first limiting amino acid for both strains in both amino acid score and chemical score assessment. They also featured 24 fatty acids, differing notably in four saturated fatty acids and five unsaturated fatty acids. All 12 mineral elements were present, notably differing in sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc. The “Jianghai No. 1” strain stands out with its nutrient-rich profile, featuring high protein content, low fat, and abundant minerals, which could potentially command higher market prices and generate greater economic benefits due to its superior nutritional, and set a strong foundation for its future large-scale promotion and cultivation.
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- 2024
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11. Lactococcus G423 improve growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers through modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites
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Mi Wang, Wei Ma, Chunqiang Wang, and Desheng Li
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Lactococcus ,broilers ,growth performant ,16S rRNA ,LC–MS ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether Lactococcus G423 could improve growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. A total of 640 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups [Control (CON), Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX]. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast muscle, thigh muscle, and abdominal fat pad were removed and weighed at 42 days of age. Serum was obtained by centrifuging blood sample from jugular vein (10 mL) for determining high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) using ELISA. The ileal contents were harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for 16S rRNA and LC–MS analyses. Then, the results of 16S rRNA analysis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared with the CON group, FCR significantly decreased in the Lac_H group (p
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- 2024
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12. Effects of dietary supplementation of postbiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 on growth performance, meat yield, meat quality, excreta bacteria, and excreta ammonia emission of broiler chicks
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Shan Fang, Xinyan Fan, Suixin Xu, Shenyang Gao, Tieliang Wang, Zeliang Chen, and Desheng Li
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feed efficiency ,postbiotic ,Bacillus subtilis ,noxious gas emission ,meat yield ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: The primary aim of this study was to explore the impact of dietary supplementation with a postbiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 on growth performance, meat yield, meat quality, excreta bacterial populations, and excreta ammonia emissions of broiler chicks. A total of 480 day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks, initially weighing 52.83 ± 1.38 g, were randomly allocated into 4 distinct groups. Each group was housed in 6 separate cages, each containing 20 birds. The experimental phase spanned 42 d, divided into 2 periods (d 1–21 and d 22–42). Dietary interventions were based on a basal diet, with postbiotic supplementation at levels of 0.000, 0.015, 0.030, or 0.045%. Our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with postbiotic had a positive influence on body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency. The most substantial improvements in BWG and feed efficiency were observed in the group of broiler chicks fed a diet containing 0.015% postbiotic. Furthermore, the inclusion of postbiotic in the diet led to an increase in the yield of breast and leg muscles, with a significant difference in meat yields observed between the control group and the group receiving 0.015% postbiotic supplementation. It's noteworthy that dietary manipulation did not exert any discernible impact on the quality of breast and leg muscle samples. Concurrently, we observed an elevation in serum albumin and total protein contents corresponding to the increasing postbiotic dosage in the diet. Additionally, dietary supplementation with postbiotic effectively controlled the emission of ammonia from excreta and reduced the abundance of Salmonella in excreta while enhancing the presence of Lactobacillus bacteria. The group receiving 0.015% postbiotic supplementation displayed the lowest levels of ammonia emission and the highest counts of Lactobacillus bacteria in excreta. In light of these results, we conclude that dietary supplementation with 0.015% postbiotic represents an efficacious strategy for increasing BWG and meat yield of broiler chicks by enhancing feed efficiency as well as mitigating ammonia emissions from excreta by modulating the composition of excreta bacterial communities.
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- 2024
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13. Adult-onset combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 14 manifests as epileptic status: a new phenotype and literature review
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Xu Zhang, Feng Xiang, Desheng Li, Fei Yang, Shengyuan Yu, and Xiangqing Wang
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Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 14 ,FARS2 gene ,Adult ,Epileptic status ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency (COXPD) is a severe disorder with early onset and autosomal recessive inheritance, and has been divided into 51 types (COXPD1–COXPD51). COXPD14 is caused by a mutation in the FARS2 gene, which encodes mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (mt-PheRS), an enzyme that transfers phenylalanine to its cognate tRNA in mitochondria. Since the first case was reported in 2012, an increasing number of FARS2 variations have been subsequently identified, which present three main phenotypic manifestations: early onset epileptic encephalopathy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and juvenile-onset epilepsy. To our knowledge, no adult cases have been reported in the literature. Methods We report in detail a case of genetically confirmed COXPD14 and review the relevant literature. Results Approximately 58 subjects with disease-causing variants of FARS2 have been reported, including 31 cases of early onset epileptic encephalopathy, 16 cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia, 3 cases of juvenile-onset epilepsy, and 8 cases of unknown phenotype. We report a case of autosomal recessive COXPD14 in an adult with status epilepticus as the only manifestation with a good prognosis, which is different from that in neonatal or infant patients reported in the literature. c.467C > T (p.T156M) has been previously reported, while c.119_120del (p.E40Vfs*87) is novel, and, both mutations are pathogenic. Conclusions This case of autosomal recessive COXPD14 in an adult only presented as status epilepticus, which is different from the patients reported previously. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of FARS2, and we tended to define the phenotypes based on the clinical manifestation rather than the age of onset.
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- 2024
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14. Functional and Microbiological Responses of Iron–Carbon Galvanic Cell-Supported Autotrophic Denitrification to Organic Carbon Variation and Dissolved Oxygen Shaking
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Jinlong Li, Xiaowei Wang, Shi-Hai Deng, Zhaoxu Li, Bin Zhang, and Desheng Li
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autotrophic denitrification ,iron–carbon galvanic cell ,organic carbon ,dissolved oxygen ,performance characteristics ,molecular biological characterization ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Iron–carbon galvanic-cell-supported autotrophic denitrification (IC-ADN) is a burgeoning efficient and cost-effective process for low-carbon wastewater treatment. This study revealed the influence of organic carbon (OC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) on IC-ADN in terms of functional and microbiological characteristics. The nitrogen removal efficiency increased to 91.6% and 94.7% with partial organic carbon source addition to COD/TN of 1 and 3, respectively. The results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing with nirS and cbbL clone libraries showed that Thiobacillus was the predominant autotrophic denitrifying bacteria (ADB) in the micro-electrolysis-based autotrophic denitrification, which obtained nitrogen removal efficiency of 80.9% after 96 h. The ADBs shifted gradually to heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria Thauera with increasing COD/TN ratio. DO concentration of 0.8 rarely affected the denitrification efficiency and the denitrifying communities. When the DO concentration increased to 2.8 mg/L, the nitrogen removal efficiency decreased to 69.1%. These results demonstrated that autotrophic denitrification was notably affected by COD/TN and high DO concentration, which could be used to acquire optimum conditions for nitrogen removal. These results provided an in-depth understanding of the influential factors for galvanic-cell-based denitrification and helped us construct a stable and highly efficient treatment process for insufficient carbon source wastewater.
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- 2024
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15. Nutrient Utilization and Gut Microbiota Composition in Giant Pandas of Different Age Groups
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Chengdong Wang, Wenwen Deng, Zhi Huang, Caiwu Li, Rongping Wei, Yan Zhu, Kai Wu, Chengyao Li, Linhua Deng, Ming Wei, Xuemei Chen, and Desheng Li
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giant panda ,age ,feed intake ,nutrient apparent digestibility ,gut microbiota ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Proper feeding and nutrition are vital for maintaining the health of giant pandas (GPs), yet the impact of dietary changes and gut microbiota on their nutrient utilization remains unclear. To address these uncertainties, we investigated nutrient intake and apparent digestibility, as well as gut microbiota composition across different age groups of giant pandas: sub-adults (SGPs), adults (AGPs), and geriatrics (GGPs). Our findings revealed notable shifts in dietary patterns from SGPs to GGPs. As they aged, significantly more bamboo shoots and less bamboo were consumed. Consequently, GGPs showed significantly reduced crude fiber (CF) intake and digestibility, while crude protein (CP) did not alter significantly. In addition, 16S rRNA microbial sequencing results showed that unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus were the dominant genera among all age groups. The relative abundance of the genus Enterococcus in GGPs was significantly higher than that in SGPs and AGPs (p < 0.05). Overall, our results indicated the importance of bamboo shoots as a major source of protein in GGPs’ diet, which can effectively compensate for the certain nutritional loss caused by the reduction in bamboo intake. Age-related changes in bacterial abundance have an effect on specific nutrient apparent digestibility in the gut of GPs. The data presented in this study serve as a useful reference for nutritional management in different ages of GPs under healthy conditions.
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- 2024
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16. Representation of Fermions in the Pati-Salam Model
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Desheng LI and Hong-Fei Zhang
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Pati-Salam model ,fermion matrix ,flavor mixing lepton collider ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
In this paper, a representation of fermions in the Pati-Salam model is suggested. The semileptonic and beyond standard model flavor changing neutral currents of the Lagrangian in this representation of fermions are discussed. A pair of possible Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa and Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrices are defined. An effective Lagrangian for this model is given.
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- 2024
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17. Cfp1 Controls Cardiomyocyte Maturation by Modifying Histone H3K4me3 of Structural, Metabolic, and Contractile Related Genes
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Changzhu Li, Yang Zhang, Jingling Shen, Hairong Bao, Yue Zhao, Desheng Li, Sijia Li, Yining Liu, Jiming Yang, Zhiwen Zhou, Kangyi Gao, Lexin Zhao, Yao Pei, Yanjie Lu, Zhenwei Pan, and Benzhi Cai
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cardiomyocyte maturation ,Cfp1 ,H3K4me3 ,hiPSC‐CMs ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Cardiomyocyte maturation is the final stage of heart development, and abnormal cardiomyocyte maturation will lead to serious heart diseases. CXXC zinc finger protein 1 (Cfp1), a key epigenetic factor in multi‐lineage cell development, remains underexplored in its influence on cardiomyocyte maturation. This study investigates the role and mechanisms of Cfp1 in this context. Cardiomyocyte‐specific Cfp1 knockout (Cfp1‐cKO) mice died within 4 weeks of birth. Cardiomyocytes derived from Cfp1‐cKO mice showed an inhibited maturation phenotype, characterized by structural, metabolic, contractile, and cell cycle abnormalities. In contrast, cardiomyocyte‐specific Cfp1 transgenic (Cfp1‐TG) mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) overexpressing Cfp1 displayed a more mature phenotype. Mechanistically, deficiency of Cfp1 led to a reduction in trimethylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) modification, accompanied by the formation of ectopic H3K4me3. Furthermore, Cfp1 deletion decreased the level of H3K4me3 modification in adult genes and increased the level of H3K4me3 modification in fetal genes. Collectively, Cfp1 modulates the expression of genes crucial to cardiomyocyte maturation by regulating histone H3K4me3 modification, thereby intricately influencing the maturation process. This study implicates Cfp1 as an important molecule regulating cardiomyocyte maturation, with its dysfunction strongly linked to cardiac disease.
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- 2024
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18. A comprehensive analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in the giant panda gut
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Feilong Deng, Yanhua Han, Yushan Huang, Desheng Li, Jianmin Chai, Linhua Deng, Ming Wei, Kai Wu, HuaBin Zhao, Guan Yang, Jiangchao Zhao, Ying Li, and Chengdong Wang
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Published
- 2024
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19. Single-nucleus transcriptome inventory of giant panda reveals cellular basis for fitness optimization under low metabolism
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Shangchen Yang, Tianming Lan, Rongping Wei, Ling Zhang, Lin Lin, Hanyu Du, Yunting Huang, Guiquan Zhang, Shan Huang, Minhui Shi, Chengdong Wang, Qing Wang, Rengui Li, Lei Han, Dan Tang, Haimeng Li, Hemin Zhang, Jie Cui, Haorong Lu, Jinrong Huang, Yonglun Luo, Desheng Li, Qiu-Hong Wan, Huan Liu, and Sheng-Guo Fang
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Single-nucleus transcriptome atlas ,Giant panda ,Low metabolism ,Energy homeostasis ,Adaptation ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Energy homeostasis is essential for the adaptation of animals to their environment and some wild animals keep low metabolism adaptive to their low-nutrient dietary supply. Giant panda is such a typical low-metabolic mammal exhibiting species specialization of extremely low daily energy expenditure. It has low levels of basal metabolic rate, thyroid hormone, and physical activities, whereas the cellular bases of its low metabolic adaptation remain rarely explored. Results In this study, we generate a single-nucleus transcriptome atlas of 21 organs/tissues from a female giant panda. We focused on the central metabolic organ (liver) and dissected cellular metabolic status by cross-species comparison. Adaptive expression mode (i.e., AMPK related) was prominently displayed in the hepatocyte of giant panda. In the highest energy-consuming organ, the heart, we found a possibly optimized utilization of fatty acid. Detailed cell subtype annotation of endothelial cells showed the uterine-specific deficiency of blood vascular subclasses, indicating a potential adaptation for a low reproductive energy expenditure. Conclusions Our findings shed light on the possible cellular basis and transcriptomic regulatory clues for the low metabolism in giant pandas and helped to understand physiological adaptation response to nutrient stress.
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- 2023
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20. The unique gut microbiome of giant pandas involved in protein metabolism contributes to the host’s dietary adaption to bamboo
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Feilong Deng, Chengdong Wang, Desheng Li, Yunjuan Peng, Linhua Deng, Yunxiang Zhao, Zhihao Zhang, Ming Wei, Kai Wu, Jiangchao Zhao, and Ying Li
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Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 - Abstract
Abstract Background The gut microbiota of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a global symbol of conservation, are believed to be involved in the host’s dietary switch to a fibrous bamboo diet. However, their exact roles are still largely unknown. Results In this study, we first comprehensively analyzed a large number of gut metagenomes giant pandas (n = 322), including 98 pandas sequenced in this study with deep sequencing (Illumina) and third-generation sequencing (nanopore). We reconstructed 408 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and 148 of which (36.27%) were near complete. The most abundant MAG was classified as Streptococcus alactolyticus. A pairwise comparison of the metagenomes and meta-transcriptomes in 14 feces revealed genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were lower, but those involved in protein metabolism were greater in abundance and expression in giant pandas compared to those in herbivores and omnivores. Of note, S. alactolyticus was positively correlated to the KEGG modules of essential amino-acid biosynthesis. After being isolated from pandas and gavaged to mice, S. alactolyticus significantly increased the relative abundance of essential amino acids in mice jejunum. Conclusions The study highlights the unique protein metabolic profiles in the giant panda’s gut microbiome. The findings suggest that S. alactolyticus is an important player in the gut microbiota that contributes to the giant panda’s dietary adaptation by more involvement in protein rather than carbohydrate metabolism. Video Abstract
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- 2023
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21. A discrete Gronwall–Halanay-type inequality with infinite delay and its applications to difference equations
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Feichao Chen and Desheng Li
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Discrete Gronwall–Halanay-type inequality ,Infinite delay ,Volterra difference equation ,Asymptotic stability ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Abstract We establish a discrete Gronwall–Halanay-type inequality with infinite delay, which is not covered in the existing literature. As an application, a new criterion is obtained for the asymptotic stability of the zero solutions for a class of Volterra difference equations. A concrete example is also given to illustrate the efficiency of the general results.
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- 2023
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22. Inhibitory control deficits in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: an event-related potential analysis based on Go/NoGo task
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Chenjing Shao, Desheng Li, Xu Zhang, Feng Xiang, Xi Zhang, and Xiangqing Wang
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temporal lobe epilepsy ,impulsivity ,inhibitory control ,event-related potential ,Go/NoGo task ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
ObjectiveNeuropsychiatric comorbidities are common among patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). One of these comorbidities, impulsivity, can significantly impact the quality of life and prognosis. However, there have been few studies of impulsivity in these patients, and the existing findings are inconsistent. The present study investigates impulsivity in MTLE patients from the perspective of inhibitory control and its underlying processes using event-related potentials (ERPs) initiated using a Go/NoGo task.MethodsA total of 25 MTLE patients and 25 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) completed an unequal visual Go/NoGo task. Different waveforms as well as behavioral measures were analyzed between Go and NoGo conditions (N2d and P3d). Impulsivity was also assessed using self -rating scales, and clinical variables that may be related to ERPs were explored.ResultsCompared with HCs, MTLE patients exhibited significantly longer reaction time (RT) (p = 0.002) and lower P3d especially at the frontal electrode sites (p = 0.001). In the MTLE group, the seizure frequency (p = 0.045) and seizure types (p
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- 2024
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23. Regulating effects of chlorinated drinking water on cecal microbiota of broiler chicks
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Wei Shuang Meng, Xinxin Sui, Yingying Xiao, Qiangqiang Zou, Yan Cui, Tieliang Wang, Zeliang Chen, and Desheng Li
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16S rRNA ,intestinal microbiota ,drinking water quality ,bacterial load ,environment ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: In this study, 2 types of drinking water were provided to broiler chicks to evaluate the relationship between the bacterial load of drinking water and cecal microbiota. One type of drinking water was untreated, while the other type was daily treated with sodium dichlorocyanurate (50 mg/L). A total of 240 broiler chicks were divided into 2 groups based on their initial body weight. There were 6 replicates in each group, and each replicate cage contained 20 birds. Each cage was assigned to a different floor of the battery cage. On the final day, water samples were collected from each replicate cage at the opening of the drinking cup height, and one bird was selected from each replicate cage to obtain cecal content samples for measuring microbiota composition using the 16S rRNA technique. We found that drinking water treated with sodium dichlorocyanurate significantly reduced the richness and diversity of microbiota and diminished/disappeared most gram-negative bacteria. Broiler chicks that consumed chlorinated drinking water exhibited changes in the composition of cecal microbiota, with Alistipes serving as the marker species in the cecal content of broiler chicks that consumed untreated water, whereas AF12 served as the marker species in the cecal content of broiler chicks that consumed chlorinated drinking water. Functional prediction using the MetaCyc database and species composition analysis of metabolic pathways showed that changes in 7 metabolic pathways were related to the abundance of Providencia. Therefore, we concluded that chlorinated drinking water reduced the bacterial load in drinking water, thereby altering the cecal microbiota composition and regulating the metabolic activity of broiler chicks.
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- 2023
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24. Factors influencing bamboo intake of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
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Ming Wei, Yan Zhu, Weiping Liu, Desheng Li, Rongping Wei, Linhua Deng, Kai Wu, Shixian Song, Ti Li, Wen Zeng, Yongguo He, Shan Huang, and Chengdong Wang
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Bamboo is the main food source of the giant panda. To increase bamboo intake in captive giant pandas, we studied factors affecting the bamboo intake. Fourteen healthy captive giant pandas in Dujiangyan Base of China Conservation and Research Center for The Giant Panda (“Dujiangyan Base” for short) were selected as research objects. A bamboo feeding experiment was conducted to study the effects of seasons, bamboo age, slope orientations where bamboo grows and felling-feeding time on bamboo intake of the giant panda. We found that the type of bamboo that captive giant pandas feed on was abundant in spring and summer, but relatively homogeneous in winter. With the increase of bamboo age, the intake of bamboo leaves decreased, while bamboo culms increased. The feed intake of 1-year-old bamboo leaves and 5-year-old bamboo culms reached the highest respectively. The slope orientation also affected the panda's bamboo intake, and the bamboo growing on sunny slopes or semi-sunny slopes was more favored by captive giant pandas. Moreover, the bamboo intake reached the highest when felling-feeding time was less than 24 h. In short, we confirmed that seasons, bamboo age, slope orientations and felling-feeding time were factors affecting bamboo intake for captive giant pandas. This study was expected to provide scientific guidance improving the feeding behavior management of captive giant pandas.
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- 2023
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25. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate: improving broiler health by reducing harmful microbial levels in the waterline
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Qiangqiang Zou, Weishuang Meng, Chunqiang Wang, Tieliang Wang, Xiao Liu, and Desheng Li
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sodium dichloroisocyanurate ,broiler ,microorganism ,waterline ,growth performance ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is commonly used for treating drinking water, industrial water, and wastewater. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of NaDCC-treated waterline drinking water on the growth of AA+ broilers by reducing microbial levels in the waterline. A total of 480 healthy 1-day-old AA+ broilers (46.77 ± 0.50 g) were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 birds each. The control group received regular drinking water, while the test groups received drinking water with NaDCC concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 mg/L. The test groups consumed the treated water on specific days throughout the 42-day experimental period. Results showed that NaDCC treatment significantly reduced the levels of E. coli, Salmonella, S. aureus and Moulds in the drinking water at the waterline (p 0.6). Additionally, bacterial levels in drinking water and broiler feces were negatively correlated with broiler production performance indicators, including ADG, ADFI, F/G and AWC. In conclusion, NaDCC can indirectly enhance broiler performance by reducing the levels of harmful bacteria in the waterline without affecting normal drinking water. The addition of 30 mg/L or 50 mg/L of NaDCC to the waterline in poultry production can effectively control harmful microorganisms and improve poultry health. Based on the experiment’s results, it is recommended to preferentially use 30 mg/L NaDCC in the waterline to reduce farming costs.
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- 2023
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26. Interference Fading Mitigation in Coherent $\Phi$-OTDR Based on Subband Phase-Shift Transform
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Yafeng Cheng, Hanyong Wang, Desheng Li, Ying Qiu, Ming Luo, Xu Zhang, Jing Zhang, Zhichao Wu, Tianye Huang, and Xiang Li
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Distributed optical fiber sensor ,interference fading ,optical time domain reflectometry ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
In this paper, an interference fading mitigation method based on subband phase-shift transform in coherent phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer ($\Phi$-OTDR) is proposed. The operation principle of the subband phase-shift transform with complementary amplitude characteristic is presented. The phase shift transform is performed in the digital domain without requiring complex frequency modulation. After subband phase-shift transform, the interference fading can be effectively mitigated through optimal tracking and rotated vector sum (RVS) methods. The experimental results show that the fluctuation of phase intensity is reduced from $\sim$70 dB to $\sim$20 dB and the average standard deviation of the recovered phase is also reduced from 0.223 rad to 0.046 rad. In addition, different disturbance signals are successfully recovered, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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- 2023
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27. Effects of dietary inclusion of alfalfa meal on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, caecal microbiota and metabolites in Zhuanghe Dagu chickens
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Yan Cui, Zipeng Diao, Wentao Fan, Jiali Wei, Jiasheng Zhou, Hongyan Zhu, Desheng Li, Longwei Guo, Yumin Tian, Hui Song, and Yuhong Su
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alfalfa meal ,productive performance ,intestinal morphology ,intestinal metabolic function ,dagu chicken ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of alfalfa meal (AM) on the productive performance of Zhuanghe Dagu chickens. A total of 288 35-week-age layers were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments in a 35-day trial. Dietary conditions were based on a basal diet and supplemented with 0, 3, 6, 9% AM (CON, AM3, AM6 and AM9). Results showed that dietary inclusion of AM had positive effects on the egg production rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg mass, yolk colour, albumen height and haugh unit. In addition, the small intestinal morphology such as villus height, crypt width and muscular thickness were improved by including AM in the diet. AM supplementation enriched the microbiota diversity in the caecum. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio has decreased, and the Synergistetes has increased in AM supplemented groups compared with the CON group. Predictive functional analysis revealed that metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, lipid, terpenoids and polyketides, etc. were significantly enriched in the experimental groups. A total of 397 differential metabolites have been identified between AM6 group and CON group. Among them, a total of 176 metabolites were upregulated and 221 metabolites were downregulated. Therefore, dietary inclusion of AM was beneficial to improve the laying performance, egg quality, small intestinal morphology, caecal microbiota diversity and caecal metabolic function in Zhuanghe Dagu chickens, with the optimum dose being 6%. Highlights Feeding Dagu chickens with AM containing diet had beneficial effects on the productive performance Dietary inclusion of AM improved intestinal morphology parameters in Dagu chickens The nutritional metabolic function of Dagu chickens was positively affected by including AM
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- 2022
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28. Sentiment analysis based on Chinese BERT and fused deep neural networks for sentence-level Chinese e-commerce product reviews
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Hong Fang, Guangjie Jiang, and Desheng Li
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Product reviews ,sentiment classification ,Chinese BERT ,CNN ,BiLSTM ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 ,Systems engineering ,TA168 - Abstract
Driven by the rapid development of Internet, more e-commerce product reviews are available on e-commerce platforms, which can help enterprises make business decisions. Currently, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) applied in the embedding layer contributes to achieve promising results in English text sentiment analysis (SA). This paper proposes a novel model Chinese BERT with fused deep neural networks (CBERT-FDNN), extracting richer and more accurate semantic and grammatical information in Chinese text. First, Chinese BERT with whole word masking (Chinese-BERT-wwm) is used in the embedding layer to generate dynamic sentence representation vectors. It is a Chinese pre-training model based on the whole word masking (WWM) technology, which is more effective for Chinese text contextual embedding. Second, multi-channel and multi-scale convolutional neural networks (CNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) are designed to capture further crucial features in the feature extraction layer. To obtain more comprehensive sentence attributes, these features are concatenated together. Last, the model is evaluated on 100,000 sentence-level Chinese e-commerce product reviews for sentiment binary classification. The accuracy and F1 score can achieve 94.37% and 94.34%, respectively. Compared with the baseline models, the experiments show that our proposed model has higher accuracy and better prediction performance.
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- 2022
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29. Growth performance and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks as affected by drinking water disinfection and/or herbal extract blend supplementation
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Wei Shuang Meng, Qiangqiang Zou, Yingying Xiao, Wei Ma, Jiawen Zhang, Tieliang Wang, and Desheng Li
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hop ,wheat germ ,grape seed ,16S rRNA ,water quality ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Environmental exposures during early life are important for animals’ intestinal microbiota composition and their production performance. This experiment investigated the growth performance, hematology parameters, jejunal morphology, and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks as affected by exogenous factors from the aspects of drinking water quality and dietary manipulation. A total of 480-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor acre; 41.59 ± 0.88 g) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (CON, HWGM, CA, CAHWGM). Each group had 6 replicates with 20 birds per replicate. Broiler chicks in CON group were fed with basal diet and drank normal drinking water; in HWGM group were fed with basal diet supplemented with 1.5g/kg herbal extract blend (hops, grape seed, and wheat germ) and drank normal drinking water; in CA group were fed with basal diet and drank sodium dichlorocyanurate (50 mg/L) treated-drinking water; in CAHWGM group were fed with basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg herbal extract blend and drank chlorinated drinking water. The experimental period was 42 d. We found that broiler chicks drank chlorinated drinking water led to an increase in body weight gain and feed efficiency during d 22 to 42 and 1 to 42, as well as a decrease in cecal Dysgonomonas and Providencia abundance. Dietary supplementation of herbal extract blend increased cecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus abundance, whereas decreased Dysgonomonas abundance. Moreover, we observed that cecal Dysgonomonas abundance synergistically decreased by treating drinking water with sodium dichlorocyanurate and supplementing herbal extract blend to the diet. Therefore, results obtained in this study indicated that providing chlorinated drinking water is an effective strategy to improve the growth performance of broiler chicks by regulating intestinal microbiota. Additionally, dietary supplementation of herbal extract blend alone or combined with chlorinated drinking water is able to regulate cecal microbiota.
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- 2023
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30. Transcriptome analysis of the gene expression of M. iliotibialis lateralis affected by dietary methionine restriction
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Desheng Li, Fei Chen, Yumin Tian, and Yuhong Su
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methionine ,broiler chicken ,skeletal muscle ,transcriptome analysis ,RNA-Seq ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Introduction: Methionine (Met) is an important amino acid related to the development of skeletal muscle. This study investigated the effects of dietary Met restriction on the gene expression of M. iliotibialis lateralis.Methods: A total of 84 day-old broiler chicks (Zhuanghe Dagu) with a similar initial body weight (207.62 ± 8.54 g) were used in this study. All birds were divided into two groups (CON; L-Met) based on the initial body weight. Each group consisted of six replicates with seven birds per replicate. The experimental period was 63 days (phase 1, days 1-21; phase 2, days 22-63). According to the nutritional requirements of Zhuanghe Dagu chickens, we provided a basal diet (0.39% Met levels during phase 1 and 0.35% Met levels during phase 2, as-fed basis) to the birds in the CON group, while we provided a Met-restricted diet (0.31% Met levels during phase 1 and 0.28% Met levels during phase 2, as-fed basis) to the birds in the L-Met group. The growth performance of broiler chicks and their M. iliotibialis lateralis development parameters were measured on days 21 and 63.Results and Discussion: In this study, dietary Met restriction did not affect the growth performance of broiler chicks but hindered the development of M. iliotibialis lateralis at both sampling timepoints. On the final day, three birds selected from each group (three from CON and three from L-Met) were used to obtain M. iliotibialis lateralis samples from leg muscle for further transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that dietary Met restriction significantly upregulated 247 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and downregulated 173 DEGs. Additionally, DEGs were mainly enriched in 10 pathways. Among DEGs, we observed that dietary Met restriction downregulated the expression of CSRP3, KY, FHL1, LMCD1, and MYOZ2 in M. iliotibialis lateralis. Therefore, we considered that dietary Met restriction had negative effects on the development of M. iliotibialis lateralis, and CSRP3, KY, FHL1, LMCD1, and MYOZ2 may serve as potential functional genes involved in this process.
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- 2023
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31. The novel use of urinary androgens to optimise detection of the fertile window in giant pandas
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Kirsten S Wilson, Desheng Li, Iain Valentine, Alan McNeilly, Simon Girling, Rengui Li, Yingmin Zhou, Lynn Vanhaecke, W Colin Duncan, and Jella Wauters
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hormones ,non-invasive ,estrus ,female ,breeding ,elisa ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Giant pandas are mono-estrus seasonal breeders, with the breeding season typically occurring in the spring. Successful fertilization is followed by an embryonic diapause, of variable length, with birth in the late summer/autumn. There is a need for additional understanding of giant panda reproductive physiology, and the development of enhanced biomarkers for impending proestrus and peak fertility. We aimed to determine the utility of non-invasive androgen measurements in the detection of both proestrus and estrus. Urine from 20 cycles (−40 days to +10 days from peak estrus) from 5 female giant pandas was analyzed for estrogen, progestogens and androgens (via testosterone and DHEA assays), and hormone concentrations were corrected against urinary specific gravity. Across proestrus, estrogens increased while progestogens and androgens decreased – at the point of entry into proestrus, androgens (as detected by the testosterone assay) decreased prior to progestogens and gave 4 days advanced warning of proestrus. At the time of peak estrus, androgens (as detected by the DHEA assay) were significantly increased at the time of the decrease in estrogen metabolites from the peak, acting as an alternative confirmatory indicator of the fertile window. This novel finding allows for enlargement of the preparative window for captive breeding and facilitates panda management within breeding programmes. Androgens allow an enhanced monitoring of giant panda estrus, not only advancing the warning of impending proestrus, but also prospectively identifying peak fertility.
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- 2022
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32. Egg quality, hatchability, gosling quality, and amino acid profile in albumen and newly-hatched goslings’ serum as affected by egg storage
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De Xin Dang, Cheng Ji Li, Yan Cui, Haizhu Zhou, Yujie Lou, and Desheng Li
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storage duration ,gosling ,egg quality ,amino acid profile ,hatchability ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: In modern poultry husbandry, storing fertilized eggs is a common measure to cope with the variable demands of the market and the maximum hatching capacity of the hatchery. However, this measure is harmful to the hatchability of eggs and the quality of newly hatched birds. Knowledge about the effects of storing fertilized eggs on the performance of goslings is still limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storing fertilized eggs on egg quality, hatchability, gosling quality, hatching weight, post-hatching growth performance, and amino acid profile in albumen and newly hatched goslings’ serum. A total of 1,080 fertilized goose eggs (Jilin White goose) with a similar egg weight (126.56 ± 0.66 g) were used in this study. All eggs were distributed into 3 groups with 24 replicates per group and 15 eggs per replicate. The differences between groups were the storage duration of eggs (0, 7, or 14 d). We found that the Haugh unit, yolk weight, and eggshell weight decreased linearly, whereas the albumen pH increased linearly, with storage duration. Prolonging storage duration had negative effects on hatchability, hatching weight, post-hatching growth performance parameters, and gosling quality in a time-dependent manner. The analysis of the amino acid profile in albumen and newly-hatched goslings’ serum showed that the amino acid content increased linearly with storage duration. Additionally, eggs stored for 14 d had the worst performance for all measured parameters. Therefore, we concluded that the storage of fertilized eggs negatively affects egg quality and post-hatching gosling quality. To produce high-quality goslings, it is necessary to shorten the storage duration for fertilized eggs.
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- 2023
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33. Feeding broilers with wheat germ, hops and grape seed extract mixture improves growth performance
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Qiangqiang Zou, Weishuang Meng, Chunxiao Li, Tieliang Wang, and Desheng Li
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wheat germ ,hops extract ,grape seed extract ,broilers ,growth performance ,blood indicators ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
In the study, Wheat germ, Hops and Grape seed extracts were made into a mixture (BX). The BX was supplemented in AA + broilers diets to investigate the effects of BX on broiler growth performance, blood indicators, microbiota, and noxious gas emissions in faeces. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old AA + male broilers with an average initial body weight (44.82 ± 0.26) were randomly divided into four dietary treatments of six replicates each, with 20 birds per replicate. The experimental groups consisted of a group fed a basal diet and groups fed basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% BX. The trail was 42 days. The results showed that supplementing the dietary with graded levels of BX linearly increased ADG and ADFI from days 22–42 and 1–42. When dietarys supplemented with 0.2% BX significantly increased ADG and ADFI on days 22–42 and 1–42 (p < 0.05). The addition of BX reduced H2S and NH3 emissions in the faeces; the levels of E. coli and Salmonella in the faeces were significantly reduced and the levels of Lactobacillus were increased (p < 0.05). In this trial, when the diet was supplemented with 0.2% BX, faecal levels of E. coli and Salmonella were consistently at their lowest levels and Lactobacillus were at their highest. At the same time, NH3 and H2S emissions from broiler faecal also had been at their lowest levels. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with a 0.2% BX could improve the growth performance of broilers and also reduced faecal H2S and NH3 emissions, as well as faecal levels of E. coli and Salmonella, and increased levels of Lactobacillus. Thus, BX made by Wheat germ, Hops and Grape seed extract is expected to be an alternative to antibiotics. And based on the results of this trial, the recommended dose for use in on-farm production was 0.2%.
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- 2023
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34. Replacement of plant communities altered soil bacterial diversity and structure rather than the function in similar habitats of the Yellow River Delta, China
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Xue Mo, Ye Song, Feijie Chen, Chong You, Desheng Li, and Fude Liu
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Plant communities ,Bacterial diversity ,Bacterial function ,Convergent evolution ,Yellow River Delta ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Convergent evolution in plants has important roles in understanding the coexistence of species and the construction of communities in the same habitat. However, evidence that determines whether this phenomenon also occurs in soil bacteria is lacking. In this study, the communities of Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Tamarix chinensis on the same succession sequence in the supratidal habitat of the Yellow River Delta are taken as research objects. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to test the diversity, structure, and function of rhizosphere soil bacteria. Result shows that the diversity of bacteria increases in the order of S. salsa
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- 2023
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35. Nonlinear Channel Equalization Using Gaussian Processes Regression in IMDD Fiber Link
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Xiang Li, Yixin Zhang, Desheng Li, Perry Ping Shum, and Tianye Huang
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Direct detection ,Gaussian processes regression ,intensity modulation ,nonlinear channel equalizer ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
Gaussian processes regression (GPR)-aided nonlinear channel equalizer (CE) is experimentally demonstrated in a multi-level intensity modulation and direct detection fiber link. In this scheme, the GPR model is used to estimate the transmitted symbols or the corresponding nonlinear distortions after pre-processing. The experimental results show that GPR-aided nonlinear CE has better nonlinear tolerance than conventional linear and nonlinear filter-based CE. It is also shown that the GPR model in the nonlinear channel equalization process can be understood as an optimized single-layer neural network model with infinite width. Finally, we reveal the relationship between the key coefficients in GPR model and parameters in fiber link through both experiment and simulation.
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- 2022
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36. Pregnancy length and health in giant pandas: What can metabolic and urinary endocrine markers unveil?
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Jella Wauters, Kirsten S. Wilson, Tom Cools, Catherine Vancsok, Tim Bouts, Baptiste Mulot, Antoine Leclerc, Marko Haapakoski, José Kok, Ragnar Kühne, Andreas Ochs, W. Colin Duncan, Simon J. Girling, Thomas B. Hildebrandt, Qiang Zhou, Rengui Li, Yingmin Zhou, Kailai Cai, Yuliang Liu, Rong Hou, Mick Rae, Iain Valentine, Lynn Vanhaecke, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
Non-invasive hormone monitoring ,Ailuropoda melanoleuca ,Fecal output ,(pseudo)pregnancy ,Post-diapause development ,Zoology ,QL1-991 ,Reproduction ,QH471-489 - Abstract
Mature female giant pandas usually ovulate once a year. This is followed by an obligatory luteal phase, consisting of a long-lasting corpus luteum dormancy phase (CLD; primary increase in progestogens) and a much shorter active luteal phase (AL; secondary increase in progestogens). Varying duration of both the dormant (embryonic diapause) and AL (post-embryo reactivation) phases has hampered unambiguous pregnancy length determination in giant pandas until today. Additionally, progestogen profiles have been considered not to differ between pregnant and pseudopregnant cycles. Only ceruloplasmin, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM) and – more recently – estrogens have been assigned diagnostic power so far. Our study investigated the competence of metabolic (fecal output) and Urinary Specific Gravity (USpG)-normalized urinary endocrine (progestogens, PGFM, glucocorticoids (GCM) and ceruloplasmin) markers for pregnancy monitoring including defining the duration of the AL phase length. Research on 24 (6 pregnant, 8 pseudopregnant and 10 non-birth) cycles of 6 giant pandas revealed a fixed AL phase length of 42 days in giant pandas, e.g. representing 6 weeks of post- diapause development in case of pregnancy. Progestogen concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant cycles throughout the majority of the AL phase, with significant higher values during the AL phase in healthy twin compared to singleton pregnancies. GCM concentrations were also markedly higher in giant pandas expecting offspring, with a clear increase towards birth in the final 2 weeks of pregnancy. This increase in GCM was running in parallel with elevating estrogen and PGFM concentrations, and decreasing progestogens. In addition, during the AL phase, a more pronounced decrease in fecal output was obvious for pregnant females. The combined profiles of non-invasive metabolic and endocrine markers, the latter normalized based on USpG, showed a true pregnancy signature during the AL phase. The findings of this study are applicable to retrospective evaluations of non-birth cycles facilitating categorizing those into pseudopregnant or lost pregnancies, with USpG-normalization of the urinary endocrine markers as a prerequisite.
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- 2023
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37. Numerical calculation and experimental analysis of thermal environment in industrialized aquaculture facilities.
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Zhipeng Yang, Desheng Li, Jiashuai Song, Encai Bao, Qiang Wang, Yue Qiu, and Zhaoxue Wu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
With the increasing market demand for high-quality aquatic products, the application of industrialized aquaculture facilities may get more attention. In order to improve the poor performance of thermal insulation, the accuracy of the numerical model was verified in this study through actual measured data. The model verification results shown that the average relative errors of the measured and calculated values of indoor air temperature, water temperature and roof inner surface temperature in the industrialized aquaculture workshop is within 2.5%, it suggested that the numerical calculation results are accurate. Furthermore, the thermal environment and thermal insulation performance of industrialized aquaculture facilities in winter were conducted based on the numerical calculations. After optimized the thermophysical parameters of the workshop enclosure structure, we found that the water body temperature could reach 21°C (which was close to the breeding temperature of grouper (Epinephelinae). Therefore, the numerical calculation method was further used to analyze the energy consumption of aquaculture water in January of a typical year in this area by heating to three constant temperatures (22, 25, and 28°C). When the aquaculture water was heated to the three constant temperature states, it needed to consume 8.56×105, 1.02×106 and 1.22×106 MJ of energy respectively, which were equal to the amount of energy released by the complete combustion of 29.3, 35.1 and 41.8 t standard coal. Moreover, it is concluded that the artificial temperature increase in winter maintains the temperature in the range of 22~25°C to provide the highest heating efficiency. This conclusion can provide theoretical basis and application reference for industrialized aquaculture in winter.
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- 2023
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38. Growth performance, jejunal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in Langde geese as affected by the in ovo injection of maltose plus sucrose
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Desheng Li, De Xin Dang, Han Xu, Haizhu Zhou, Yujie Lou, Xiao Liu, and Yan Cui
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geese ,in ovo injection ,maltose ,sucrose ,disaccharide ,jejunum ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
IntroductionThe vigorous metabolic activity of an embryo increases the risk of low energy supply during incubation. The lack of energy during this critical period will lead to the death of an embryo. To avoid this risk, the in ovo injection technique in ovo allows for the injection of energy substances into an embryo.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of in ovo injection of maltose and sucrose (MS) in ovo on post-hatching growth performance, jejunal morphology and disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in Langde geese. A total of 300 fertilized eggs (115.75 ± 1.25 g) obtained from 3-year-old Langde geese were used in this study. The eggs were randomly assigned to two groups, and the difference between the two groups was whether 25g/L maltose and 25g/L sucrose (MS) dissolved in 7.5g/L NaCl were injected into the amnion on embryonic day 24. Each group had six replicates, which each replicate containing 25 eggs. The goslings were raised till day 28.Results and discussionThe results showed that the in ovo injection of MS increased final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. Additionally, MS injection improved post-hatching jejunal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression at an early stage. Therefore, we considered that the in ovo injection of MS had positive effects on the nutrient absorption capacity of goslings, thus contributing to the improvement in their growth performance.
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- 2023
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39. Transcriptome reveals the immune and antioxidant effects of residual chlorine stress on Cyclina sinensis
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Siting Wang, Guoliang Ren, Desheng Li, Sishao Fan, Susu Yan, Junjie Shi, Meimei Liu, and Zhiguo Dong
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Cyclina sinensis ,residual chlorine ,immunity ,antioxidants ,transcriptome ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Residual chlorine is a common by-product of warm drainage in coastal nuclear power plants. when accumulating to some limit, it may threaten marine ecosystem especially for benthic clam. However, there are few studies on the molecular mechanisms related to immunity and antioxidant of residual chlorine stress on clams. In this study, the clam (Cyclina sinensis) was exposed for 96 h at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 mg/L) of residual chlorine to observe its mortality, measure the activity of antioxidant and immune-related enzymes, and analyses the gene expression level in the hepatopancreas by using the transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the mortality rate increased with the increase of stress time and concentration, and the mortality rate in the 400, 450 and 500 mg/L groups reached 100% at 96 h. The tolerance to residual chlorine of C. sinensis decreased with the increase of chlorine dioxide concentration, and the LC50 of 96 h was 217.6 mg/L by linear regression method. After residual chlorine stress, the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes (T-AOC and SOD) in the hepatopancreas showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the extension of stress time. The immune-related enzyme activities of AKP and LZM showed a downward trend between 0 and 96 h, while the ACP enzyme activity showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing. Transcriptome analysis showed that residual chlorine stress significantly changed the expression levels of immune-related molecules associated with signal transduction, prophenoloxidase cascade, cell apoptosis and pattern recognition protein/receptor. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase (GST), heat shock protein (HSP) and other antioxidant-related genes were significantly affected under residual chlorine stress. This study provided valuable information for understanding the effects of residual chlorine stress on survival, physiological metabolism and molecular mechanisms of immune and antioxidant functions of C. sinensis.
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- 2023
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40. Development of small intestine and sugar absorptive capacity in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods
- Author
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De Xin Dang, Cheng Ji Li, Haizhu Zhou, Yujie Lou, Xiao Liu, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
gosling ,small intestine ,intestinal morphology ,sugar transporter gene expression ,disaccharidase ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the development patterns of small intestine, intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods. Small intestine was sampled on embryonic d 23 and 27, day of hatch, and d 1, 4, and 7 post-hatching. A total of 18 eggs with the breed of Jilin White geese were selected at each sampling timepoint for measuring relevant parameters. Three eggs were considered as a group, with 6 groups in each sampling timepoint. Rapid development of small intestine was observed around the hatching, of which jejunum and ileum had relatively higher development rates. Villus surface area from three intestinal segments started to increase on embryonic d 27, and kept relatively stable during day of hatch to d 1 post-hatching, and following increased till d 7 post-hatching. A high priority of villi enrichment was observed in duodenum and jejunum. The activity of disaccharidase increased before hatching and kept relatively high-level post-hatching, of which the activity of disaccharidase was highest in jejunum. The expression of sugar transporter gene increased prior to hatching and then decreased post-hatching, of which jejunum and duodenum were sites with high sugar transporter gene expression. Rapid development in intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression around the hatching indicated that goslings have high potential to digest and/or assimilate carbohydrates during its early-life, which provided a preparation for further digestion of exogenous feed. This study provided a profile of development patterns for intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in goslings, which was beneficial to understanding the characteristics of nutrient absorption during the early-life of goslings.
- Published
- 2023
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41. ALKBH5-mediated m6A mRNA methylation governs human embryonic stem cell cardiac commitment
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Zhenbo Han, Zihang Xu, Ying Yu, Yang Cao, Zhengyi Bao, Xinlu Gao, Danyu Ye, Gege Yan, Rui Gong, Juan Xu, Lai Zhang, Wenya Ma, Xiuxiu Wang, Fan Yang, Hong Lei, Ye Tian, Shijun Hu, Djibril Bamba, Ying Li, Desheng Li, Changzhu Li, Ning Wang, Ying Zhang, Zhenwei Pan, Baofeng Yang, and Benzhi Cai
- Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most abundant modification of mammalian messenger RNAs, is essential for tissue development and pathogenesis. However, the biological significance of m6A methylation in cardiac differentiation and development remains largely unknown. Here, we identify that the downregulation of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is responsible for the increase of m6A methylation and cardiomyocyte fate determination of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from mesoderm cells (MESs). In contrast, ALKBH5 overexpression remarkably blocks cardiomyocyte differentiation of hESCs. Mechanistically, KDM5B and RBBP5, the components of H3K4 modifying enzyme complexes, are identified as downstream targets for ALKBH5 in cardiac-committed hESCs. Loss of function of ALKBH5 alters the expression of KDM5B and RBBP5 through impairing stability of their mRNAs, which in turn promotes the transcription of GATA4 by enhancing histone H3 Lys4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at the promoter region of GATA4. Taken together, we reveal a previously unidentified role of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in determining cardiac lineage commitment of hESCs.
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- 2021
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42. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN AN OLD FEMALE GIANT PANDA – A CASE REPORT
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Bangyuan Wu, Juan Wang, Tong Cai, Chengdong Wang, Desheng Li, Linhua Deng, and Xi Peng
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aged ,giant panda ,multiple organ dysfunction ,pathology ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered species in the world. Climate change and susceptibility to disease are two of the greatest threats to this species. We performed a necropsy and histopathological exami- nation of the organs of an old panda and investigated the pathogenesis associated with death. Necropsy and histopathological observation revealed some typical age-related lesions, such as cataract, atherosclerosis, renal insufficiency and splenic atrophy. We also confirmed hepatic lesions associated with parasitic infection. Overall, our observations revealed that the predominant cause of mortality in this panda was multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). PATOLOŠKE UGOTOVITVE PRI SAMICI VELIKEGA PANDE – POROČILO O PRIMERU Izvleček: Veliki panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) je ena najbolj ogroženih vrst na svetu. Vrsto najbolj ogrožajo podnebne spre- membe in dovzetnost za bolezni. Opravili smo nekropsijo in histopatološki pregled organov starega pande ter raziskali patoge- nezo, povezano s smrtjo. Z nekropsijo in histopatološkim opazovanjem smo odkrili nekatere značilne starostne spremembe, kot so katarakta, ateroskleroza, ledvična insuficienca in atrofija vranice. Potrdili smo tudi jetrne spremembe, povezane s parazitsko okužbo. Naša opažanja so pokazala, da je bil prevladujoči vzrok smrti tega pande disfunkcija več organov (MOD). Ključne besede: star; veliki panda; disfunkcija več organov; patologija
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- 2022
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43. Effects of dietary supplementation probiotic complex on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal harmful gas, and fecal microbiota in AA+ male broilers
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Qiangqiang Zou, Xinyan Fan, Yunhe Xu, Tieliang Wang, and Desheng Li
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probiotic complex ,AA+ male broiler ,growth performance ,blood parameters ,fecal harmful gas ,fecal microbiota ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
In this study, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis were made into a probiotic complex (PC). The PC was supplemented in AA+ male broilers’ diets to investigate the effects of PC on broiler growth performance, carcass traits, blood indicators, harmful gas emissions in feces and microbiota. Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old AA+ male broilers with an average initial body weight (data) were randomly divided into 3 dietary treatments of 6 replicates each, with 20 birds per replicate. The control group (T0) was fed a basal diet, while the test groups (T1 and T2) were supplemented with 0.025 and 0.05% PC in the basal diet, respectively. The trail was 42 days. The results showed that the supplementation of 0.05% PC significantly (p 0.05), but significantly increased albumin and total protein content in serum (p
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- 2022
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44. Effect of multi-strain probiotics on the performance of AA+ male broilers
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Qiangqiang Zou, Weishuang Meng, Tieliang Wang, Xiao Liu, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
probiotic complex ,AA+ broiler ,growth performance ,fecal microbiota ,noxious gas ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of a probiotic complex (PC) consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on productive performance, carcass traits, immune organ indices, fecal microbiota counts and noxious gas emissions in AA+ male broilers. Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old AA+ male broilers with similar body weight (44.77 ± 0.25) were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups of 6 replicates each, with 20 broilers in each replicate. The experimental groups consisted of a group fed a basal diet and groups fed basal diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2% PC. The results showed that the addition of PC had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance, and carcass traits of AA+ broilers during the experimental period (1–42 days of age). Dietary addition of PC significantly increased the thymus index of AA+ broilers (P < 0.05), reduced the number of E. coli and Salmonella in feces (P < 0.01) and reduced the concentrations of fecal NH3 and H2S emissions (P < 0.01). Furthermore, birds fed 0.2% PC diet had the highest number of fecal Lactobacillus counts. Results indicate that probiotic complex consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis enhances immune organ development, reduces the number of E. coli and Salmonella in feces, increases the number of Lactobacillus and reduces NH3 and H2S emissions in feces. This trial provides a theoretical basis for the use of probiotic complexes in broiler production.
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- 2022
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45. Ultra-early weaning alters growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota in piglets with same genetic background
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De Xin Dang, Cheng Ji Li, Shi Han Li, Xin Yan Fan, Weiguo Xu, Yan Cui, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
fecal microbiota ,16S ,pig ,immunity ,ultra-early weaning ,growth ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Piglets with the same genetic background were used to investigate the effects of different lengths of suckling period on growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota. All piglets were born by a sow (Landrace×Yorkshire). On day 14 postpartum, a total of 16 piglets [Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)] with a similar initial body weight (2.48 ± 0.25 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups with four replicates per group, two pigs per replicate pen (one barrow and one gilt). On day 14 of age, experiment started, piglets from the first group were weaned (14W), whereas the others continued to receive milk until day 28 of age (28W). The experiment completed on day 70 of age, last 56 days. Growth performance parameters including body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate and hematology parameters including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin, globulin, and total protein were measured in this study. Additionally, a technique of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze fecal microbiota for revealing how the changes in the lengths of suckling period on intestinal microbiota. We found that ultra-early weaning impaired growth performance of piglets, whose worse body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate were observed in 14W group at all measured timepoints in comparison with those in 28W group (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher contents of serum IgA (P = 0.028), IgG (P = 0.041), and IgM (P = 0.047), as well as lower contents of serum albumin (P = 0.002), albumin-to-globulin ratio (P = 0.003), and total protein (P = 0.004), were observed in 14W group in comparison with those in 28W group on day 28 of age, but not on day 70 of age. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA indicated that the intestinal microbiota richness in 14W group was lower than that in 28W group (P < 0.05); moreover, in comparison with 28W group at all sampling timepoints, fecal microbiota in 14W group showed more beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic bacteria (P < 0.05). Therefore, we considered that ultra-early weaning had positive effects on immune status and fecal microbiota composition in piglets, but negative effects on growth performance and fecal microbiota abundance.
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- 2022
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46. Effects of methionine and/or disaccharide injected in the amnion of geese on post-hatching pectoral muscle and small intestine development, glycogen reserves, jejunum morphology, and digestive enzymes activities
- Author
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De Xin Dang, Haizhu Zhou, Yujie Lou, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
goose, in ovo injection, intestinal health, post-hatching development ,nutrient absorption ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of methionine (Met) and/or disaccharide (DS) on post-hatching pectoral muscle and small intestine development, glycogen reserves, jejunum morphology, and jejunum digestive enzymes activities. A total of 600 fertilized eggs containing live embryo from geese were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 25 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design employing a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Factors in 4 groups included noninjection, Met injection (5 g/L Met + 7.5 g/L NaCl), DS injection (25 g/L maltose + 25 g/L sucrose + 7.5 g/L NaCl), or DS plus Met injection (25 g/L maltose + 25 g/L sucrose + 5 g/L Met + 7.5g/L NaCl), respectively. In ovo nutritional injections were performed at day 23 of incubation, and the experiment until d 21 post-hatching. We found that in ovo feeding of Met increased relative weight of pectoral muscle and small intestine, jejunum alkaline phosphatase activities, and jejunum villus height and surface area. DS injection improved the relative weight of pectoral muscle, pectoral and liver glycogen contents, jejunum villus height, width, and surface area, and jejunum sucrase, Na+/K+ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. In addition, Met plus DS injection synergistically improved jejunum villus height and surface area. Therefore, Met plus DS injection is a suitable strategy for improving intestinal parameters in gosling during post-hatching periods.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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47. Development of breast muscle parameters, glycogen reserves, and myogenic gene expression in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods
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De Xin Dang, Haizhu Zhou, Yujie Lou, Xiao Liu, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
gosling ,breast ,glycogen ,myogenic gene ,early-life development ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
This study aimed to better understand the development patterns of breast muscle and glycogen reserves in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods. The timepoints for sampling were embryonic days 23 and 27 of hatching and days 1, 4, and 7 post hatching. We found that the body weight of goslings increased with age. The small intestine developed with age and remained reasonably constant on day 4 post hatching. The breast muscle development decreased with age and stayed relatively stable on day 1 post hatching. The diameter of myofiber increased prior to hatching and then decreased while hatching. The development patterns of breast muscle glycogen reserves were similar to the diameter of myofiber. In contrast, the contents of liver glycogen began to decrease before hatching and then increased rapidly after hatching. Moreover, the expression of Myf-5 increased with age. The expression of MSTN was maintained at high levels prior to hatching, dropped immediately after hatching, and then gradually increased with age. Additionally, we also observed that the glycogen content in the breast muscle was positively correlated with the diameter of the myofiber. The liver glycogen content was positively correlated to the relative weight of the breast muscle, the diameter of the myofiber, and the breast muscle glycogen content. The development pattern of the myofiber was synchronized with the change in the MSTN/Myf-5 ratio. This study provided a profile to understand the development patterns of breast muscle, glycogen reserves, and myogenic gene expression in goslings, which was beneficial to understanding the characteristics of energy reserves during the early life of goslings.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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48. Effects of in ovo feeding of methionine and/or disaccharide on post-hatching breast development, glycogen reserves, nutrients absorption parameters, and jejunum antioxidant indices in geese
- Author
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De Xin Dang, Haizhu Zhou, Yujie Lou, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
goose ,in ovo injection ,intestinal health ,post-hatching development ,nutrient absorption ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
We investigated the effects of in ovo injection of methionine (Met) and/or disaccharide (DS) on breast muscle and small intestine development, and the aspect of the glycogen contents, digestive enzymes activities, and jejunal antioxidant parameters in geese after incubation. A total of 600 fertilized eggs were used in this study to be employed in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Eggs were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 6 replicates per group, and 25 eggs per replicate. Factors in four groups included non-injection, Met injection (5 g/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl), DS injection (25 g/L maltose and 25 g/L sucrose dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl), and DS plus Met injection (25 g/L maltose, 25 g/L sucrose, and 5 g/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl). As a result, birth weight, relative weight of breast muscle, diameter of myofiber, glycogen contents, jejunal villus and surface area, and jejunal digestive enzymes activities improved, while liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity decreased, by DS injection. Additionally, DS administration upregulated the expression of myogenic factor-5 (Myf-5) from breast muscle and sodium/glucose cotransporter protein-1 (SGLT-1) from jejunum. In ovo delivery of DS has long-term effects on the improvement of jejunal glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) and sucrase-isomaltase expression. In ovo feeding of Met improved the relative weight of breast muscle and small intestine, diameter of myofiber, length of small intestine, jejunal villus width, jejunal sucrase, Na+/K+ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and jejunal glutathione (GSH) concentration, and decreased the jejunal glutathione disulfide (GSSH) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH, in early-life post-hatching. The breast muscle Myf-5 and myostatin expression, jejunal villus height and surface area, jejunal glutathione peroxidase concentration, and the expression of GLUT-2 in jejunum long-term improved by in ovo delivery of Met. Moreover, in ovo feeding of DS plus Met mixture synergistically improved the diameter of myofiber, jejunal villus height and width, jejunal sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in early-life post-hatching, but long-term upregulated the expression of jejunal GLUT-2. Therefore, we concluded that in ovo injection of Met plus DS is an effective way to improve the development of gosling during post-hatching stages.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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49. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis HH2 against Oral Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Beagles
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Jinpeng Yang, Xinyue Zhang, Ziyao Zhou, Caiwu Li, Run Luo, Haifeng Liu, Hualin Fu, Zhijun Zhong, Liuhong Shen, Suizhong Cao, Yan Luo, Desheng Li, and Guangneng Peng
- Subjects
Bacillus subtilis ,enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ,gut microbiome ,intestinal barrier ,probiotic ,beagles ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis HH2 on beagles orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We assessed the physiological parameters and the severity of diarrhea, as well as the changes in three serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (D-LA), and the fecal microbiome. Feeding B. subtilis HH2 significantly reduced the severity of diarrhea after the ETEC challenge (p < 0.05) and increased serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM (p < 0.01). B. subtilis HH2 administration also reduced serum levels of DAO at 48 h after the ETEC challenge (p < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in D-LA (p > 0.05). Oral ETEC challenge significantly reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in beagles not pre-fed with B. subtilis HH2 (p < 0.05), while B. subtilis HH2 feeding and oral ETEC challenge significantly altered the gut microbiota structure of beagles (p < 0.01). Moreover, 14 days of B. subtilis HH2 feeding reduced the relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus in feces. This study reveals that B. subtilis HH2 alleviates diarrhea caused by ETEC, enhances non-specific immunity, reduces ETEC-induced damage to the intestinal mucosa, and regulates gut microbiota composition.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Modeling of a Dual Air-Gap Liquid-Cooled Eddy Current Retarder Considering Transient Permeability
- Author
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Wenguang Guo, Bin Yan, and Desheng Li
- Subjects
air-gap flux density ,eddy current braking ,transient permeability ,liquid cooled ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Transportation engineering ,TA1001-1280 - Abstract
This paper proposes a model for the electromagnetic performance of the dual air-gap liquid-cooled eddy current retarder (DAL-ECR) considering the transient permeability. First, the structure and working principle of the DAL-ECR are introduced. Next, the analysis model of the static air-gap flux density considering the flux leakage and end effect is established based on the piecewise function method and the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). Then, based on the skin effect of the electromagnetic field in the retarder, an iterative method for solving the transient permeability of the stator is proposed. According to Faraday’s and Ampere’s laws, the analysis model of the static air-gap flux density, and the transient permeability, the analysis model of the transient air-gap flux density is established. The braking torque of the DAL-ECR is then calculated while taking the actual path of the eddy current and the skin effect on the permeability of the stator into consideration. Finally, the calculation accuracy of the model was verified by the finite element method (FEM) and the bench test.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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