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Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects many patients. Various therapeutic options have been devised to alleviate this condition by achieving dentinal tubules (DT) occlusion. This research aimed to investigate the effects of dipotassium oxalate-containing mouthwash, diode laser and their combination on DT occlusion., Methods: Forty dentin samples were obtained from 20 human single-rooted third molars, 40 dentin specimens were obtained, and exposed DT were created in vitro. They were assigned into four groups: Group 1 (n = 10), the control group where no treatment was applied; Group 2 (n = 10), a mouthwash with a 1.4% dipotassium oxalate was applied twice for 60 s during a 5-day period in a shaker at 100 rpm; Group 3 (n = 10), a combination of the same mouthwash and an 810 nm diode laser at an output power of 0.25 W in continuous mode was applied for 60 s without contact at a distance of 3-4 mm; and Group 4 (n = 10), only a diode laser with the same protocol was applied. Occlusion of the DT was observed by scanning electron microscopy., Results: The analysis revealed occlusion of the DT in all treatment groups; however, the effects were more pronounced in the combined treatment group (Group 3). Compared with the test groups, the control group had significantly more open DT in 100 µm 2 (p < 0.01). The difference between the Group 2 and Group 4 was not significant (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: DT occlusion was achieved via the use of a mouthwash containing 1.4% dipotassium oxalate and an 810 nm diode laser. However, the combination resulted in the greatest results and therefore may be utilized in individuals with DH., Competing Interests: Declarations Human ethics and consent to participate Ethical permission was received from the Faculty of Medicine of Marmara University (approval number: 09.2021.493). Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is a global oral health concern. This in vitro study and clinical evaluation tested the efficacy of 0.454% stannous fluoride toothpaste stabilized with nitrate and phosphates (SNaP) to occlude dentin and reduce dentin hypersensitivity., Methods: Human dentin specimens were treated with test and control toothpaste slurries and evaluated for dentin occlusion. In a phase III randomized controlled trial, eligible participants were randomized to SNaP toothpaste (test group), a potassium nitrate desensitizing dentifrice (positive control), or a non-desensitizing sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice (negative control). Baseline, day 1, day 3, and day 7 dentin hypersensitivity was assessed using tactile and air blast stimuli. Mean tactile and air blast hypersensitivity scores were calculated for each treatment group. For statistical analysis, significance was set to P ≤ .05., Results: In vitro mean percent tubule occlusion for test and control samples were 86% and 35%, respectively (P less than .05). One-hundred-twenty participants completed the clinical trial. After 7 days of product use, relative to the positive control and negative control groups, the test group exhibited significant reduction in tactile hypersensitivity (79.8% and 90.2%, respectively; P less than .001) and reduction in air blast hypersensitivity (47.1% and 47.9%, respectively; P less than .001). SNaP significantly reduced hypersensitivity pain after 1, 3, and 7 days., Conclusions: In vitro and clinical evaluation results indicate that SNaP is highly effective in coating the dentin surface, occluding exposed dentin tubules, and offering sensitivity relief from the first day of use, a benefit that continues to improve with use., Practical Implications: This multi-benefit formula reduces dentin hypersensitivity, thereby improving the daily lives of patients, promoting better oral health, and potentially helping patients avoid more serious dental problems in the future.

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral condition that is associated with severe dental pain. Pain relief is a key focus of the treatment of DH. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blocking and antacid effects of gallic acid (GA) combined with sodium fluoride (NaF) on dentinal tubules in vitro., Methods: Ninety dentin discs from human third molars were treated with 6% citric acid for 2 min. Then, the surface morphologies of ten dentin discs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remaining samples were randomly divided into four groups: the NaF group, which was treated with 1000 ppm NaF; the GA group, which was treated with 4000 ppm GA; the GA + NaF group, which was treated with 1000 ppm NaF + 4000 ppm GA; and the blank group, which was treated with deionized water. The dentin permeability of each sample was measured with a water-filled system before processing and after 7 days of treatment. Dentin morphology and surface deposits were observed by SEM. Then, samples from the NaF, GA + NaF and blank groups were subjected to an acid challenge by incubation with 0.02% citric acid for 2 min. SEM and a water-filled system were used to evaluate the blocking and antacid effects of NaF and GA + NaF., Results: 1. NaF and GA + NaF significantly decreased dentin permeability. The effect of the GA + NaF treatment was more significant. After acid challenge, both groups still exhibited decreased dentin permeability compared with the initial assessment. 2. Compared with the NaF group, the GA + NaF group had more mineral deposits on the dentin surface and dentin tubules. After acid challenge, the deposits in the GA + NaF group were still clearly visible., Conclusion: The combined effect of GA and NaF on reducing dentin permeability by blocking open dentin tubules is better than that of NaF alone. After acid challenge, the GA + NaF treatment still had a better effect., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is often related to the exposure of dentin tubules. Mineral particles, such as hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass, can provide calcium and phosphate ions to temporarily block dentin tubules via the biomineralization process, serving as feasible alternatives for DH treatment. However, due to the acidic microenvironment caused by dietary acids, these particles are easily eroded and dissolved, making it difficult to achieve efficient dentin tubule occlusion. Given the significant stability of silica in dietary acids and its excellent ability to bond with calcium and phosphate ions to form mineralized hydroxyapatite, we proposed to develop a micron-sized monetite/amorphous silica complex (MMSi) hydrosol to effectively seal the exposed dentin tubules. In this study, we hypothesized that the MMSi hydrosol could tolerate acid erosion and concurrently provide active sites for the calcium and phosphate ions to promote biomineralization in comparison to a micron-sized monetite (MM) hydrosol. Hence, the composition and microstructure including the surface morphology, silica content and phase composition of MMSi were investigated to verify the presence of silica. The results of the ion release and in vitro biomineralization process indicated that silica did not hinder the calcium and phosphate ion release and the formation of hydroxyapatite via the biomineralization process. The acid-resistant test suggested that the MMSi hydrosol exhibited a significantly slower corrosion rate than the MM hydrosol when treated with citric acid. Notably, the silica in the MMSi hydrosol retained the ability to induce the nucleation and crystallization of hydroxyapatite during de/remineralization processes. Finally, the MMSi hydrosol was mixed with commercialized toothpaste to explore its efficacy in dentin tubule occlusion via cycling de/remineralization processes. As a result, compared to the MM hydrosol, the toothpaste containing the MMSi hydrosol presented excellent acid-resistant ability and dentin tubule occlusion outcomes, which indicated that the MMSi hydrosol could be a potential promise in the long-term treatment of DH.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) manifests as sharp and uncomfortable pain due to the exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) following the erosion of tooth enamel. Desensitizing agents commonly used in clinical practice have limitations such as limited depth of penetration, slow remineralization and no antimicrobial properties. To alleviate these challenges, our study designed a lactoferrin-derived amyloid nanofilm (PTLF nanofilm) inspired by the saliva-acquired membrane (SAP). The nanofilm utilises Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to disrupt the disulfide bonds of lactoferrin (LF) under physiological conditions. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the early and stable adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Simultaneously, it adheres rapidly and securely to demineralized dentin surfaces, facilitating in-situ remineralization of HAP through a simple immersion process. This leads to the formation of a remineralized layer resembling natural dentin, with an occlusion depth of dentinal tubules exceeding 80 µm after three days. The in vivo and vitro results confirm that the PTLF nanofilm possesses good biocompatibility and its ability to exert simultaneous antimicrobial effects and dentin remineralization. Accordingly, this innovative bifunctional PTLF amyloid coating offers promising prospects for the management of DH-related conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of desensitizing toothpastes in reducing post-bleaching tooth sensitivity., Materials and Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Embase databases, using the following terms: (dentifrices OR toothpaste) AND (sensitive OR sensitivity OR dental sensitivity) AND (dental bleaching OR tooth bleaching OR dental whitening OR tooth whitening)., Results: Five studies involving 387 individuals undergoing in-office or at-home teeth bleaching were reviewed. Desensitizing toothpastes reduced sensitivity effectively after home bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide and single-session in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. However, they were ineffective for home bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide and in-office bleaching across two sessions with 35% or 38% hydrogen peroxide., Conclusion: Desensitizing toothpastes are effective for home bleaching with high concentration carbamide peroxide and single-session in-office bleaching with highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide, but ineffective for home bleaching with low concentration carbamide peroxide and two-session in-office bleaching with concentrated hydrogen peroxide., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: To answer whether the topical drug application can reduce in-office tooth bleaching sensitivity without impairing the color change., Materials and Methods: This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024524171). Two reviewers screened PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov in March 2024 independently for randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of topical drug application to manage in-office tooth bleaching sensitivity. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool (RoB2). Certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations: Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool (GRADE). The meta-analyses evaluated the bleaching sensitivity and color change with RevMan 5.4 software., Results: 334 articles were retrieved. The final sample was composed of four articles. Tested drugs were Otosporin, Eugenol, Ibuprofen with arginine, and Dipyrone. The meta-analysis evidenced no difference in bleaching sensitivity up to 1 h (MD, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.89, 0.11), 24 h (MD, -0.26, 95% CI, -0.71, 0.18), or 48 h (MD, 0.00, 95% CI, -0.16, 0.16). Meta-analysis for color change evidenced no difference for color change (MD, 0.03; 95% IC, -0.56, 0.61). The risk of bias was low. The certainty of the evidence was rated moderate for bleaching sensitivity and high for color change., Conclusions: Although topical drug application did not impair color change, it was ineffective in reducing in-office tooth bleaching sensitivity., Clinical Relevance: topical drug application on dental enamel is not an effective approach in reducing bleaching sensitivity, but several modifications can be made in future studies to possibly achieve a better outcome., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The aim of this clinical, prospective, randomized, and parallel study was to evaluate different in-office treatments for dentin hypersensitivity (DH). One hundred ninety-two teeth with non-cavitated root exposures were treated using different desensitizers: fluoride varnish (Duraphat - FLU); bioactive ceramic solution (Biosilicate - BIOS); universal self-etching adhesive (Single Bond Universal - SBU); bioactive photoactivated varnish (PRG filler - SPRG). The degree of DH was analyzed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and computerized visual scale (CoVAS), before treatments and after 7, 15, and 30 days from the first session. Comparisons among desensitizers were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. Friedman test was used to compare between times (p ≤ 0.05). Comparing desensitizers FLU presented a higher value of DH than BIOS using VAS at 7 days, however, no differences were found using CoVAS analysis. Comparing times, BIOS and SBU showed a reduction in DH after 7 days and SBU showed a reduction at 30 days compared to 7 days using VAS. FLU and SPRG groups reduced DH from 15 days to 30 days using VAS. There was a reduction in DH for FLU, BIOS, and SBU after 7 days and for BIOS this reduction also occurred at 30 days when compared to 15 days using CoVAS. SPRG group showed a reduction from 15 to 30 days. All desensitizers tested were able to reduce the initial sensitivity. The bioactive ceramic solution reduced the DH gradually after 30 days using computerized analysis.

This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS (p = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS (p ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period (p < 0.0001). This study highlights the differential efficacy of treatments for various DH triggers and recommends specific approaches based on different stimulus types. The universal adhesive containing MBG demonstrated DH relief potential, promising efficacy identical to or superior to that of a dedicated desensitizing agent. Further research exploring the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms is warranted. The universal adhesive containing MBG can be adopted as an in-office desensitizing agent for DH relief. The desensitizing efficacy of universal adhesive matches or surpasses dedicated agents for air and cold stimuli., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal toothpaste with 5% sodium fluoride varnishin obstructing human dentinal tubules; Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to obtain quantitative and qulitative data on tubular obstruction., Methods: Thirty-nine extracted human premolar teeth were collected. The cementum layer was removed using a water-cooled diamond bur and the smear layer using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%. Then, the samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 13 each), as follows: group 1: dentin discs exposed to the propolis-based herbal toothpaste (Herbex); group 2: dentin discs exposed to 5% sodium fluoride varnish; and group 3: control. Then, all discs were observed and imaged in 4 non-overlapping fields by an electron microscope at 2000× magnification. The topography and number of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules were counted in all images. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistic 22.0 software, with a significance level of α = 0.05., Results: In pairwise comparisons of the groups considering the percentage of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules, the difference was not statistically significant between the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and propolis groups in the closed and semi-closed tubules, but it was statistically significant with the control group. Additionally, the percentage of open tubules in the propolis-based herbal toothpaste group was significantly lower than in the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and control group., Conclusions: Both propolis-based herbal toothpaste and 5% sodium fluoride varnish is effective in blocking human dentin tubules to various extents., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None disclosed., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most challenging and persistent dental complaints characterized by transient, intense pain triggered by various stimuli. It affects a significant portion of the global population, predominantly those aged 20-40. This study aims to evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of seventh-generation dentin bonding agents (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) against a control group using Bifluorid 12 by Voco in mitigating DH within a month of the follow-up period., Methods: This was a single-center, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 105 patients with DH were allocated into three groups for this study. The patients were divided into three groups (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) and the control group containing fluoride varnish (Bifluorid 12 by Voco). Discomfort Interval Scale scores and Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale scores were recorded at baseline, immediately after the intervention, after 01 weeks, and after 01 month., Results: All the materials demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in discomfort and sensitivity (DIS scores p-value 0.01) immediately after 01 week and over a period of 01 month after treatment compared with the baseline scores before application, with no single material proving superior over the one-month observation period. The study also provided insights into dental hygiene practices, with a significant majority using a toothbrush and sensitivity patterns, with cold stimuli being the most common cause of sensitivity., Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Single Bond Universal, Xeno V+, and Bifluorid 12 are equally effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity, with no distinct superiority observed over a one-month period. The findings highlight the potential of fluoride varnishes as a less technique-sensitive and cost-effective option for treating DH, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical practice., Trial Registration: NCT04225247 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04225247 ), Date of Registration: 13/01/2020. (Retrospectively registered)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: The current study aimed to assess the efficiency of two desensitizing dentifrices on the management of dental hypersensitivity., Materials and Methods: For the purpose of this investigation, 60 extracted human sound premolar teeth that were removed for orthodontic purposes were collected. On the buccal cervical areas, an inverted-cone bur was used to create cavities that were 2 mm deep and 3 mm wide. The blocks were submerged in 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 40 minutes in order to ensure the complete dentin tubule opening. Following preparation, all samples were split into three groups, each containing 20 samples, Group A: Control, Group B: Dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate, Group C: Dentifrice containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the occlusion of dentinal tubules. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the desensitization efficacy of dentifrices. At a p -value less than 0.05, statistical significance was determined., Result: Before application of different dentifrices, the maximum dentinal tubules opened in dentifrice containing CPP-ACP group (4.24 ± 0.10) followed by control group (4.18 ± 0.01) and dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate (4.12 ± 0.06). And there was no significant difference between the different dentifrice groups ( p > 0.001). After application of different dentifrices, the highest occlusion of dentinal tubules found in dentifrice containing CPP-ACP group (2.50 ± 0.05) followed by dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate (2.84 ± 0.10) and control group (4.02 ± 0.07) and there was a highly significant difference between the different dentifrice groups ( p < 0.001)., Conclusion: On conclusion, dentifrice containing CPP-ACP exhibited the highest level of dentinal tubule occlusion in comparison to the control group and dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate., Clinical Significance: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a condition that is frequently experienced. With variable outcomes, a number of products are utilized in the management of DH. Need is felt in dentistry for a material that chemically reacts, physically occludes and adheres intimately to dentinal tubules to reduce the possibility of its recurrence. How to cite this article: Pulipaka S, Ramanna PK, Samson A, et al. Assessment of the Effectiveness of Desensitizing Dentifrices on Management of Dental Hypersensitivity: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(5):494-497.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Biosilicate and Duraphat in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH)., Methods and Materials: This clinical trial was conducted with young adults presenting DH. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of pain, using volatile and tactile tests. Forty participants presenting two teeth with DH were included, and these teeth were divided into two groups according to the treatment: Biosilicate or Duraphat. Each product was randomly applied on one tooth per participant once a week for 4 weeks and evaluated every 15 days for 60 days after the last application., Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of VAS values for the initial volatile sensitivity evaluation were 6.18 (1.99) and 6.08 (1.98) for the Biosilicate and Duraphat groups, respectively, and at the fourth week 0.48 (1.5) and 0.83 (1.58). After 60 days, the volatile sensitivity showed the following values: 0.63 (1.19) for Biosilicate and 1.03 (1.07) for Duraphat. The intragroup comparison showed a significant reduction of mean VAS values for DH-related pain assessed by volatile testing for both groups (p<0.001), and the assessment at the 60-day follow-up showed mean values statistically similar to those obtained at the end of treatment. Initial tactile sensitivity observed was 1.48 (2.39) for the Biosilicate and 1.4 (2.2) for the Duraphat group and at the 60-day follow-up 0.23 (0.73) and 0.15 (0.36), respectively, with significant statistical difference (p<0.002). When the reduction in tactile and volatile sensitivities between both groups was compared, no statistically significant difference was observed., Conclusion: This study indicated that both products were able to promote an important reduction in dentin hypersensitivity with similar results within a 60-day follow-up., (©Operative Dentistry, 2024.)

Objective: To compare the effect of propolis and gluma desensitisers on the management of dentin hypersensitivity., Methods: The single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2020 to September 2021, and comprised patients with dentin hypersensitivity who had pain scores of at least 2 on the visual analogue scale. The teeth were randomised into propolis group A and Gluma group B. Baseline pain scores were assessed using visual analogue scale and Schiff's sensitivity scores and compared with scores immediately after the intervention, and then after one week and one month of the intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 23., Results: Of the 22 patients, 12(54.5%) were females and 10(45.4%) were males. Of the 80 teeth, there were 40(50%) in each of the 2 groups. Significant reduction was observed in dentin hypersensitivity immediately after the application of the desensitising agents (p<0.05). However, after one month, Gluma was more effective than propolis (p<0.05)., Conclusions: Both Gluma and propolis were found to be effective desensitising agents, but the effectiveness of propolis decreased over one month., Clinical Trial Number: Clinical Trials.gov: NCT04819867.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of a toothpaste containing 7.5 % HX-BGC in combating dentinal hypersensitivity., Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, three-group parallel-controlled design was employed, with Schiff Index and Yeaple Index as measurement indicators. The study evaluated the effectiveness of HX-BGC toothpaste, NovaMin toothpaste, and a negative control toothpaste without desensitizing agents. Eligible subjects underwent baseline examination after a 2-week washout period, and those meeting inclusion criteria and not meeting exclusion criteria entered the study. Participants were randomly assigned to use one of the three toothpastes. Follow-up examinations were conducted immediately after a single use and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were made for Schiff and Yeaple indices. Safety of the experimental toothpastes was assessed through participant feedbacks and oral soft tissue examinations., Results: Subjects in the three groups were balanced in terms of age and gender distribution, with no baseline differences in indicators. Immediately after a single application of toothpaste, Yeaple indices increased, and Schiff indices decreased, with no significant differences among the groups. After 2 weeks of continuous use, Yeaple indices increased in all groups, with significant differences observed between the HX-BGC group and the other two groups. Schiff indices decreased in all groups, with the NovaMin group showing significant differences compared to the negative control group. At weeks 4 and 6, both indices in the HX-BGC group and the NovaMin group were significantly better than those in the negative control group, with the HX-BGC group outperforming the NovaMin group in the Yeaple index. No serious adverse reactions related to the study products were observed or reported by any participants., Clinical Significance: This clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of HX-BGC in anti-dentinal hypersensitivity and supported the clinical application of the dentifrice containing HX-BGC., Conclusion: Compared to the negative control group, both HX-BGC and NovaMin toothpaste groups demonstrated more significant effects in combating dentinal hypersensitivity. No adverse reactions related to the experimental toothpastes were observed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity, often occurring after dental treatments or from erosive lesions, is a prevalent patient complaint. This study introduces a paste combining 8% L-arginine, calcium carbonate, and potassium nitrate to evaluate its impact on dentinal tubules occlusion, dentin permeability, and tooth sensitivity., Methods: Dentin surfaces from 24 third molars (thickness: 2 mm) were divided into two groups of 12. One received the experimental paste, while the other received a placebo without desensitizer. Permeability and sealing ability were assessed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dentin permeability measurement. The pastes' effects on hypersensitivity were then examined in a triple-blind, randomized parallel-armed clinical trial with 16 eligible patients. Sensitivity to cold, touch, and spontaneous stimuli was recorded using the VAS scale at various intervals post-treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted using Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05)., Results: The permeability test demonstrated a significant reduction in dentin permeability in the experimental group (P = 0.002) compared to the control (P = 0.178). SEM images revealed most dentinal tubules in the intervention samples to be occluded. Clinically, both groups showed a significant decrease in the three types of evaluated sensitivity throughout the study. However, no significant difference in sensitivities between the two groups was observed, with the exception of cold sensitivity at three months post-treatment (P = 0.054)., Conclusion: The innovative desensitizing paste featuring 8% L-arginine, calcium carbonate, and potassium nitrate effectively occluded dentinal tubules and reduced dentin permeability. It mitigated immediate and prolonged dentin hypersensitivity to various stimuli, supporting its potential role in managing dentin hypersensitivity., Trial Registration: http://irct.ir : IRCT20220829055822N1, September 9th, 2022., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: The dentin exposure always leads to dentin hypersensitivity and the acid-resistant/abrasion-resistant stability of current therapeutic approaches remain unsatisfatory. Inspired by the excellent self-polymerization/adherence activity of mussels and the superior mineralization ability of bioactive glass, a novel radial mesoporous bioactive nanoglass coated with polydopamine (RMBG@PDA) was developed for prevention and management of dentin hypersensitivity., Methods: Radial mesoporous bioactive nanoglass (RMBG) was synthesized by the sol-gel process combined with the cetylpyridine bromide template self-assembly technique. RMBG@PDA was synthesized by a self-polymerization process involving dopamine and RMBG in an alkaline environment. Then, the nanoscale morphology, chemical structure, crystalline phase and Zeta potential of RMBG and RMBG@PDA were characterized. Subsequently, the ion release ability, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of RMBG and RMBG@PDA in vitro were investigated. Moreover, an in vitro experimental model of dentin hypersensitivity was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of RMBG@PDA on dentinal tubule occlusion, including resistances against acid and abrasion. Finally, the Young's modulus and nanohardness of acid-etched dentin were also detected after RMBG@PDA treatment., Results: RMBG@PDA showed a typical nanoscale morphology and noncrystalline structure. The use of RMBG@PDA on the dentin surface could effectively occlude dentinal tubules, reduce dentin permeability and achieve excellent acid- and abrasion-resistant stability. Furthermore, RMBG@PDA with excellent cytocompatibility held the capability to recover the Young's modulus and nanohardness of acid-etched dentin., Conclusion: The application of RMBG@PDA with superior dentin tubule occlusion ability and acid/abrasion-resistant stability can provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention and the management of dentin hypersensitivity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.During the preparation of this work the authors didn't use generative AI to write this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The authors evaluated the synergistic analgesic effect of preemptive administration of 400 mg of ibuprofen (IBU) and potassium fluoride 2% (KF2), both in isolation or combination, on the painful perception of tooth sensitivity after tooth bleaching., Methods: Fifteen patients participated in this triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study used a crossover design for drug administration and a split-mouth design for desensitizer agent. Four paired groups were formed: IBU plus KF2 (IBU + KF2); IBU (IBU + placebo KF); KF2 (placebo IBU + KF2), and placebo (placebo IBU + placebo KF). The outcome measure was the perception of tooth sensitivity, assessed using a visual analog scale. Data were collected at 4 different times: immediately after tooth bleaching (baseline) and after 6, 30, and 54 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test and relative risk., Results: IBU plus KF2 was found to be more effective in reducing tooth sensitivity immediately after bleaching (baseline) compared with the placebo group (P < .05). The risk of experiencing moderate or severe tooth sensitivity was approximately 4 times higher in the placebo group than in the IBU plus KF2 group (relative risk, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.01 to 15.81; P = .025)., Conclusions: The combined use of 400 mg of IBU and KF2 appears to be beneficial in managing postbleaching tooth sensitivity. It provides a superior analgesic effect compared with placebo., Practical Implications: The preemptive administration of IBU plus KF2 reduces tooth sensitivity after tooth whitening when compared with placebo. This clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The registration number is U1111-1249-8191., Competing Interests: Disclosures None of the authors reported any disclosures., (Copyright © 2024 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the whitening efficacy, tooth sensitivity (TS), and volunteers' satisfaction following the use of activated charcoal powder and toothpaste., Methods: Fifty-six volunteers were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n = 14) according to a 14-day toothbrushing or whitening treatment with activated charcoal powder (ACPW), activated charcoal toothpaste (ACT), regular fluoridated toothpaste (RT), and 10 % carbamide peroxide (CP). Objective (ΔE 00 ) and subjective (ΔSGU) color and whiteness index (ΔWI D ) changes were calculated. Patients self-reported the risk and intensity of TS using a visual analogue scale and the volunteer's satisfaction was determined by a questionnaire. Color assessments were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dwas-Steel-Crithlow-Fligner, and absolute TS risk and volunteer's satisfaction by Fisher exact test (p < 0.05)., Results: ACPW and ACT promoted similar effects in ΔE 00 , ΔSGU, and ΔWI D to that observed for RT. No significant difference was found in terms of TS risk intensity. TS risk became high after 7 and 14 days, with higher TS prevalence in CP. Volunteers reported that ACPW exhibited the lowest ease-of-use, comfort, and whitening satisfaction among groups (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Activated charcoal-based products presented a minor and unsatisfactory whitening effect while CP resulted in optimal tooth whitening and the highest level of satisfaction among volunteers. Risk was higher from 7 days onwards and was more pronounced in the CP., Clinical Relevance: Based on the whitening effect and patient satisfaction, this controlled-randomized clinical evidence supports that the use of activated charcoal-based products should be discouraged., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population., Materials and Methods: This was a single-centre, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, three-treatment-arm, parallel-group study in participants with clinically diagnosed DH. Subjects who met inclusion criteria (n = 197) were randomly allocated into 3 groups: test group (n = 66)-using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily; positive control group (n = 64)-using a 5.0% calcium sodium phosphosilicate-containing dentifrice twice daily; negative control group (n = 67)-using a 1150 ppm of NaF dentifrice twice daily. Status of DH was assessed at week 4 and week 8 by the same independent examiner. Changes from baseline in Schiff sensitivity score, tactile threshold and Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) score were analysed using analysis of covariance models. The DHEQ evaluated subject-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)., Results: Statistically significant improvements in mean Schiff scores (p < 0.0001 for all products at Weeks 4 and 8), tactile threshold (p < 0.0001 for test and negative control at Weeks 4 and 8: Week 4 p = 0.0040 and Week 8 p < 0.0001 for positive control) and all DHEQ scores (p < 0.01 for all groups) were observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the adjusted mean between all dentifrices at both timepoints, potentially driven by a placebo effect. Forty-two treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported (n = 32 subjects), with 2 serious AEs (n = 1) in the test group. TEAEs were not considered treatment-related., Conclusions: All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Schiff score, tactile threshold and OHRQoL. However, due to a possible placebo effect in the negative control, there were no statistically significant differences between the dentifrices., Clinical Relevance: This study adds to the growing research exploring why the placebo effect is a common phenomenon in DH studies., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950465., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: To assess color change efficacy and the adverse effects of varied over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching protocols., Methodology: The study included randomized clinical trials evaluating color changes from OTC bleaching agents. Nine databases were searched, including the partial capture of the grey literature. The RoB2 tool analyzed the individual risk of bias in the studies. Frequentist network meta-analyses compared treatments through common comparators (∆Eab* and ∆SGU color changes, and tooth sensitivity), integrating direct and indirect estimates and using the mean and risk differences as effect measures with respective 95% confidence intervals. The GRADE approach assessed the certainty of the evidence., Results: Overall, 37 remaining studies constituted the qualitative analysis, and ten composed the meta-analyses. The total sample included 1,932 individuals. ∆Eab* was significantly higher in groups 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) strips (≥ 14 h). ∆SGU was significantly higher in groups at-home 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (≥ 14 h), followed by 6% HP strips (≥ 14 h) and 3% HP strips (≥ 14 h). At-home 10% CP (7-13 h) and placebo showed lower risks of tooth sensitivity without significant differences between these treatments., Conclusion: Considering the low level of evidence, OTC products presented satisfactory short-term effects on tooth bleaching compared to the placebo, with little to no impact on dentin hypersensitivity and gingival irritation., Clinical Relevance: OTC products are proving to be practical alternatives for tooth whitening. However, patients should be advised about the possible risks of carrying out such procedures without professional supervision., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To assess the clinical evidence for silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to reduce dentine hypersensitivity in adults., Methods: Two independent researchers searched the English literature in five databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) up to 15th July 2023 for clinical trials investigating the desensitising effect of professionally applied SDF to manage dentine hypersensitivity in adults aged 18 or above at any follow-up period. The primary outcome was the change in dentine hypersensitivity between baseline and follow-up visits after SDF application regarding any validated pain outcome measures. The Cochrane guidelines were used for the risk of bias assessment., Results: Three hundred and thirty-one studies were identified, and four of them were finally included. Three of the included studies were rated as having a 'low risk' of bias. The SDF solution reduced dentine hypersensitivity in adults. The percentage reduction in dentine hypersensitivity ranged from 23 % to 56 % after a single application of SDF solution. Moreover, the SDF solution was more effective than potassium nitrate, potassium oxalate and glutaraldehyde plus hydroxyethyl methacrylate in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. Meta-analysis indicated a more significant reduction in visual analogue scales (1-10) by 1.35 (95 % CI:0.9-1.8; p<0.00001) after receiving the SDF application than controls., Conclusion: The included clinical trials showed that SDF solution reduced dentine hypersensitivity in adults. However, clinical trials are few, and their protocol varied from one another. Further well-designed clinical trials should be conducted to provide more evidence on its use to manage dentine hypersensitivity., Clinical Significance: SDF is cleared as desensitizing agents by the US Food and Drug Administration to manage dentine hypersensitivity, which induces pain, limits food choice, and impacts the quality of life. Evidence from this systematic review informs clinicians and provides researchers insight for future research on SDF use for dentine hypersensitivity. THE INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTER OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (PROSPERO) REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023462613., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most common complains faced by dental professionals, and there is still lack of consensus for the most effective treatment approaches. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozone therapy combined with sodium fluoride in reducing pain associated with dental hypersensitivity, compared to a paint-on adhesive desensitizing agent., Methods: The study included 20 patients (131 teeth), selected according to specific inclusion criteria and divided into two groups according to the type of desensitizing therapy (ozone with sodium fluoride or paint-on adhesive). The efficacy of both treatments were evaluated recording pain for each treated tooth immediately after treatment, after 1 month and after 6 months using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Subjective parameters were also recorded: patients were asked to report whether they experienced pain caused by air, teeth brushing, cold and hot topical stimuli (present/absent)., Results: In both groups, pain values significantly decreased over time. Six months after treatment we registered significantly lower pain values in the ozone-treated group compared with the adhesive group and the mean percentage of NRS reduction from was significantly higher in the ozone-treated group. We did not register significant differences in subjective pain-related parameters between groups., Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study were aimed at exploring the combined effect of ozone with natrium fluoride, which was before described only in vitro. With the limitation of the sample size, our results suggest that this approach provides a pain reduction that was comparable to the paint-on adhesive.

Background: Light-cured resins are widely used as gingival barriers to protect the gums from highly concentrated peroxides used in tooth bleaching. The impact of barrier brand on clinical outcomes is typically considered negligible. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of different brands on operator experience, barrier adaptation, and patient comfort., Objective: This clinical trial assessed the impact of four commercial gingival barrier brands (Opaldam, Topdam, Lysadam, and Maxdam) on operator perception, adaptation quality, and patient comfort., Methods: Twenty-one undergraduate students placed gingival barriers in a randomized sequence using blinded syringes. Photographs of the barriers were taken from frontal and incisal perspectives. After bleaching procedures, operators rated handling features and safety using Likert scale forms. Two experienced evaluators independently assessed barrier adaptation quality on a scale from 1 (perfect) to 5 (unacceptable). The absolute risk of barrier-induced discomfort was recorded. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Chi-square tests (α = 0.05)., Results: Opaldam and Topdam received the highest scores in most handling features, except for removal, which was similar among all brands. No significant difference was observed in barrier adaptation quality between the evaluated brands. Discomforts were mainly reported in the upper dental arch, with Maxdam having the highest absolute risk (35% for this arch and 24% overall)., Conclusions: This study suggests that gingival barrier brands can influence operator perception and patient comfort. Opaldam and Topdam were preferred by operators, but all brands demonstrated comparable adaptation quality., Clinical Trial Registration: The study was nested in a randomized clinical trial registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under identification number RBR-9gtr9sc., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Nd:YAG laser, glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer (GD), or their combination on occluding dentinal tubules., Materials and Methods: Fifty dentin samples were obtained from non-carious human third molars and randomly divided into five groups ( n = 10): (1) Control group treated with 37% phosphoric acid, (2) GD group, (3) Nd:YAG laser group (1064 nm, 100 µs, 10 Hz, 300 µm fiber, 1 W power, 100 mJ energy, and 85 J/cm 2 energy density), (4) GD followed by Nd:YAG laser group, and (5) Nd:YAG laser followed by GD group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to capture five images from each sample for analysis of dentinal tubules using Image J software. SEM/EDX elemental analysis was performed to determine the main mineral contents. Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test for statistical comparisons., Results: Laser and combination groups showed a significant decrease in dentinal tubule counts compared with the control and GD groups ( p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in open dentinal tubule counts between the control and GD groups, as well as between the laser and combination groups. However, significant differences were observed in the total area, average size of the tubules, and percentage area between the control group and the treatment groups (GD, laser, GD + laser, laser + GD). No significant difference was found in the Ca/P ratio between the tested groups., Conclusion: The use of Nd:YAG laser alone or in combination with GD was more effective in occluding dentinal tubules compared to GD alone., Clinical Significance: This study has shown that Nd:YAG laser alone and in combination with GD has superior dentinal tubule occlusion in vitro . Its clinical use in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity may overcome the drawback of conventional treatment approaches for dentin hypersensitivity needing repeated applications to achieve continuous relief from pain since acidic diet and toothbrushing result in the continuing elimination of precipitates and surface coatings. How to cite this article: Alzarooni AH, El-Damanhoury HM, Aravind SS, et al . Combined Effects of Glutaraldehyde-based Desensitizer and Nd: YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):52-57.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Teethmate, Bifluoride 12, and Copal Varnish on the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity and the pulpal blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) after full crown preparations. Eighteen patients with 42 teeth with dentine hypersensitivity after full crown preparations were randomly treated with Teethmate, Bifluoride 12, and Copal Varnish. Dentine hypersensitivity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Schiff air index (SAI). LDF was used to assess the pulpal blood flow and results were recorded in perfusion units (PU). All measurements were performed at baseline, 5 min, 7 days, and 1 month after the application of desensitizers. Data were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon and two-way ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the tested desensitizers regarding VAS and PU values. VAS values decreased significantly at 7 days and 1 month after the application of desensitizers compared to baseline in all groups. The decrease in PU values significantly differed only in the Copal Varnish group at 5 min and 7 days after the application of the desensitizer (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between different times regarding SAI scores in all groups (p < 0.05). Teethmate, Bifluoride 12, and Copal Varnish showed similar effectiveness on dentine hypersensitivity and pulpal blood flow. Long-term clinical trials with larger sample sizes and histological studies are needed to evaluate their impacts on pulpal status., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.)

Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral health issue and occlusion of the exposed dentinal tubules (DTs) is regarded as the most effective therapeutic treatment nowadays. However, it is still difficult to develop easy and effective strategies for deep occlusion of DTs. In this study, we develop a strategy for occluding DTs deeply and compactly via simple application of occlusion media including (poly-L-aspartic acid)‑strontium (PAsp‑strontium) and phosphate/fluoride. The bonding of strontium ions to poly-L-aspartic acid formed a positively charged PAsp‑strontium complexes. After application of 15 min each, the PAsp‑strontium and phosphate/fluoride rapidly penetrated into the DTs in turn via the electrostatic interaction, then occluded the DTs with crystals up to a depth of 150 μm. The occlusion within DTs was resistant to abrasive and acidic challenges. The occlusion media performed better than commercial desensitizers Duraphat and Gluma. Moreover, this strategy possessed sufficient biocompatible and excellent performance in vivo. The application of occlusion media would shed light on in the management of DH., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Dentin hypersensitivity treatment is not always successful owing to the exfoliation of the blocking layer. Therefore, efficiently delivering a desensitization agent into the dental tubule is critical. Nanomotors are widely used as in vivo drug delivery systems owing to their strong power and good biocompatibility. Herein, we report a kind of self-propelled bioglass Janus nanomotor with a Pt motion unit (nBGs@Pt) for application in dentin hypersensitivity that was prepared via a simple sol-gel method and magnetron sputtering method, with an average size of 290 nm. The Pt layer as the power unit provided the dynamics to deliver the bioglass (desensitization agent). Using hydrogen peroxide as a fuel, the nBGs@Pt could automatically move in different media. In addition, the nBGs@Pt with a mesoporous structure demonstrated good hydroxyapatite formation performance. An in vitro dentin pressure model was used to verify the blocking ability of the nBGs@Pt in dentin tubules. The dynamics of the nBGs@Pt was sufficient to resist the outflow of dentin fluid and movement into the dentin tubules, with a blocking rate of 58.05%. After remineralization, the blocking rate could reach 96.07% and the formation of hydroxyapatite of up to 10 μm or more occurred. It is expected that this study will provide a simple and feasible new strategy for the painless treatment of dentin sensitivity.

Objectives: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects patients' oral health-related quality of life, but is not always optimally treated in dental offices. The objectives were to assess dentists' DH-related education, knowledge, and professional behavior and explore relationships between education, knowledge, and behavior., Methods: Survey data were collected from 220 ADA members in the United States. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed., Results: About half of the respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their dental school had educated them well about diagnosing DH in classroom-based (53.6%) and clinical settings (48.9%). Lower percentages agreed being well educated about treating DH (40.9%/37.3%). The majority self-educated themselves about DH after dental school by attending continuing education courses in person or online (60.6%/36.8%), reading articles (64.1%), or consulting with colleagues (59.6%). The majority knew that patients with DH describe their pain as stimulated (91.4%) and that recessed gingiva (89.6%), abrasion lesions (72.3%), tooth whitening (63.1%), erosion lesions (58.6%), and abfraction lesions (51.4%) are risk factors for DH. The majority diagnosed DH with patient self-reporting, confirmed by exams (81.8%), applying air blasts (53.7%), or cold-water (52.3%). They treated patients with DH often/very often with over-the-counter desensitizing agents (90%), and prescribing fluoride formulations toothpaste (82.8%) and/or potassium nitrate toothpastes (60.9%). In their offices, the majority (73.2%) educated their patients often/very often about DH and used fluoride dental varnish for treating DH (71.8%). The more recently respondents had graduated from dental school, the more positively they described their dental school education (r = 0.14; p < 0.05), the more ways to diagnose DH they used (r = 0.16; p < 0.05) and the more often they used fluoride dental varnish in their offices (r = 0.23; p < 0.001). The more dentists had educated themselves, the more methods for diagnosing DH they used (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and the more often they used potassium oxalate products (r = 0.19; p < 0.01), Arginine/calcium products (r = 0.19; p < 0.01) and dentin bonding (r = 0.22; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: More recently graduating from dental school correlates with more positive evaluations of DH-related dental school education. The finding that most dentists engage in self-education about DH after dental school should motivate dental educators to increase education about this topic not only in dental school, but also in continuing education courses., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Dental Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Dental Education Association.)

Objectives: The effectiveness of three different groups of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based gels containing powders on dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment were assessed and compared with Actimins® as commercial reference group., Methods: Hydroxyapatite nanorods (nHA) and sol-gel-derived 45S5 bioglass (SGD 45S5) powders were synthesized through hydrothermal and sol-gel methods, respectively. First, 25 demineralized dentin disks were divided into five groups. Then, the prepared gels based on 45S5 bioglass with and without hydrolyzed casein (HC) as experimental, nHA gel and Actimins® as positive and commercial reference groups were applied twice a day on disks by a micro applicator. To mimic the oral environment, treated disks were immersed in artificial saliva in a water bath at 37 °C for 7 days. However, in the negative control group, no agent was applied on the samples. FE-SEM, EDS, AFM, and XRD were performed to assess tubule occlusion. One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis and p*<0.05 was set as the significance level., Results: The nHA with an average aspect ratio of 2.77 and the SGD 45S5 powders with a polygonal morphology and the average size of 48.64±11.38 µm were synthesized. After treatment, tubule occlusion in HC-SGD 45S5 and nHA gels were shown to be higher than other groups. The root mean square roughness (R rms ) of the above-mentioned gels showed to be 121.54±9.25 nm, and 312.6 ± 9 nm, respectively., Conclusion: The nHA containing group exhibited the highest tubule occlusion efficiency (i.e., tubule diameter of 0.92±0.32 µm) with a superior mineral precipitation. HC as a novel material demonstrates to be potentially beneficial in DH treatment., Clinical Significance: DH as a common issue may be reduced or eliminated by occlusion of patent dentinal tubules. There are various types of desensitizing agents capable of controlling the DH by the occlusion of patent dentinal tubules. The desensitizing gels developed in this study showed to be promising for clinical and home-use applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of erbium-doped yttrium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and GLUMA desensitizer for dentin hypersensitivity in teeth affected by Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). One hundred twenty children were randomly allocated to four groups: the control (Co) group, the desensitizer (De) group, the laser (La) group, and the laser + desensitizer (La + De) group. Outcome measures included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) evaluation. For mean VAS scores, a significant reduction was found over time in all groups. Co and De groups, Co and La groups, Co and La + De groups, De and La + De groups, and La and La + De groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). For mean scores in all dimensions of OHIP-14 after treatment 6 months, the La + De group was significantly lower (p < 0.001). The La + De groups and the La groups as well as the La + De groups and the De groups differed significantly in total OHIP, functional limitation, physical disability, and psychological disability (p < 0.05). Physical pain between the La + De groups and the La groups and handicap between the La + De groups and De groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). The mean values of each dimension differed significantly between the group Co and the La + De group (p < 0.0001). Combination therapy of Er:YAG laser and GLUMA desensitizer had greater desensitizing effects and oral health-related quality improvement of life, which might be an effective alternative treatment in dentin hypersensitivity in MIH children., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common symptom of various dental diseases that usually produces abnormal pain with external stimuli. Various desensitizers are developed to treat DH by occluding dentine tubules (DTs) or blocking intersynaptic connections of dental sensory nerve cells. However, the main limitations of currently available techniques are the chronic toxic effects of chemically active ingredients and their insufficiently durable efficacy. Herein, a novel DH therapy with remarkable biosafety and durable therapeutic value based on β-chitooligosaccharide graft derivative (CAD) is presented. Particularly, CAD indicates the most energetic results, restoring the amino polysaccharide protective membrane in DTs, significantly promoting calcium and phosphorus ion deposition and bone anabolism, and regulating the levels of immunoglobulin in saliva and cellular inflammatory factors in plasma. Exposed DTs are occluded by remineralized hydroxyapatite with a depth of over 70 µm, as shown in in vitro tests. The bone mineral density of Sprague-Dawley rats' molar dentin increases by 10.96%, and the trabecular thickness of bone improves to about 0.03 µm in 2 weeks in the CAD group compared to the blank group. Overall, the ingenious concept that modified marine biomaterial can be a safe and durable therapy for DH is demonstrated by nourishing and remineralizing dentin., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of topically applied 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution on the exposed root surface of hypersensitive teeth in older adults., Method: This double-blind randomised clinical trial recruited healthy older adults with dentine hypersensitivity. A trained examiner tested the most hypersensitive tooth root surface with a blast of compressed cold air from a three-in-one syringe. The participants gave a sensitivity score (SS) in visual analogue scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (agonizing) at the baseline visit. Then, they received 38% SDF or 5% potassium nitrate solution (control) as intervention on the root surface. After the intervention, they received a compressed cold air test and reported the SS again. The compressed cold air test followed by intervention was repeated at 4- and 8-week follow ups. The primary outcome was the reduction in SS at 8-week follow-up with reference to the SS at baseline before intervention. Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed for data analysis following a normality test of SS., Results: This trial recruited 148 participants, and 139 (94%) participants completed the trial. The median percentage reductions in SS in the SDF and potassium nitrate groups were 60% and 50%, respectively (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: According to the results, 38% SDF solution reduced hypersensitivity on the exposed root surface of older adults. In addition, 38% SDF was more effective than 5% potassium nitrate solution to reduce hypersensitivity on the exposed root surface of older adults., Clinical Significance: Dentin hypersensitivity is common amongst older adults and negatively affects their quality of life. To date, there is no gold standard professionally applied desensitizing therapy in treating hypersensitivity. Evidence from this clinical trial could aid clinical practice and improve oral health in older adults., Trial Registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05392868)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of two different at-home whitening protocols and to determine which is more effective: applying the whitening gel (16% carbamide peroxide) every 24 hours (Group A) or every 48 hours (Group B) for 2 weeks. Group C received a placebo gel (glycerin) without peroxide, which was applied every 24 hours for 2 weeks. The differences in terms of tooth sensitivity were also analyzed. A sample of 60 patients was divided into three groups of 20 patients. To compare the groups, color measurements were made using a spectrophotometer, and Student t test was used for independent samples. The confidence level was set at 95% (P ≤ .05). No statistically significant differences were found between Groups A and B (P > .05). The study concluded that 16% carbamide peroxide was equally effective when applied with either protocol and obtained the same results, but the 48-hour application protocol produced less sensitivity than the 24-hour application protocol.

The aim of this study is to evaluate intratubular crystal formation from the experimental material consisting of dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) and tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) with nano-scaled particle size. A total of twenty-four specimens were made by isolating 8 mm of the cervical part centered at the cementoenamel junction of extracted premolars. Twelve specimens were not treated and considered as control. The experimental material was applied to the other twelve specimens by brushing for 10,000 strokes. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups according to the period of immersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 1, 30, 60, and 90 days each. The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. The intratubular crystal were formed in PBS and densely filled the dentinal tubules over time. The crystal formation occurred at a depth of more than 50 μm from the dentin surface. The Ca/P ratio of formed intratubular crystals was 1.68 after 3 months. The experimental material consisting of C 2 S and C 3 S with a nanoscale particle size can form hydroxyapatite-like crystals in dentinal tubules in PBS, and there is a possibility of reducing dentin hypersensitivity by blocking the dentinal fluid flow., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Purpose: To assess the relief of dentin hypersensitivity of the new toothpaste with stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF₂) versus a marketed standard fluoride toothpaste as a negative control and a marketed anhydrous SnF₂ toothpaste as a positive control., Methods: This was a single-centered, randomized, controlled, double blind, clinical trial. 96 participants with hypersensitivity were enrolled in this 4-week clinical study. Electrical stimulation and evaporative air tests were performed to evaluate the desensitization efficacy. Clinical assessments were made at baseline, and after 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of twice-daily brushing. Additionally, the influence of Sn² ⁺ species on desensitization was evaluated using bovine dentin specimens treated with toothpaste., Results: All 96 enrolled participants were randomized. 96 participants completed all evaluations. Participants had an average age (SD) of 47.0 (10.5) years; 45% of participants were female. Both SnF₂ toothpastes showed superior desensitization efficacy compared to the negative control toothpaste, the conventional sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) toothpaste, after a week. The new stabilized SnF₂ toothpaste demonstrated improved electrical stimulation benefits compared to the negative control toothpaste, with increases of 15.1% after 3 days, 34.2% after 1 week, 66.3% after 2 weeks, and 111.6% after 4 weeks. Additionally, it showed relative verbal evaluation scale (VES) benefits of 14.2% after 3 days, 37.6% after 1 week, 28.9% after 2 weeks, and 37.4% after 4 weeks. The stabilized SnF₂ toothpaste exhibited desensitization properties comparable to those of a commercial anhydrous SnF₂ toothpaste, which typically produces undesirable side effects in the mouth. Toothpastes containing 0.454 % SnF₂ exhibited perfect occlusion of dentin tubules., Clinical Significance: The stabilized 0.454% SnF₂ toothpaste exhibited significantly greater dentin hypersensitivity relief within only a week and comparable property to commercial anhydrous SnF₂ toothpaste., Competing Interests: Mr. Bak, Dr. Kim, Mr. Chung, Mr. Kim, and Dr. Ha are employees of LG H&H. Dr. Cho, Dr. Lee and Dr. Jung had no conflict of interest. This work was supported by the Education and Research Promotion Program (2021) of KOREATECH, with funding provided by LG H&H, Seoul, Korea., (Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.)

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is triggered by external stimuli irking fluid flow through exposed dentinal tubules (DTs). Three commercially available desensitizing agents as control in this study only achieve limited occlusion depths of ≈10 µm in the DTs as well as scarce remineralization of demineralized dentin matrix. Herein, polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes pre-precursor (PCCP) process is proposed for managing DH that demineralized dentin with exposed DTs is rubbed with ultrahighly concentrated polyelectrolyte-calcium suspension (4 g L -1 -5.44 m) followed by phosphate solution (3.25 m), each 10 min, leading to heavy remineralization of demineralized dentin and compact occlusion of the DTs over 200 µm after 1 day of in vitro and in vivo incubation. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the PCCP process relies on the pH-dependent electrostatic attraction between electropositive polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes and electronegative inwalls of DTs comprised of collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals under alkaline condition. The PCCP process might shed light on a promising dentin desensitizing strategy for DH management via rapid in-depth DT occlusion and remineralization of demineralized dentin., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser, a tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate anhydrate (TP/DP) desensitizer and the combination of the desensitizer and additional CO 2 laser irradiation as a treatment modality for cervical dentin hypersensitivity. A total of 48 dental specimens, prepared from extracted human premolars and molars, were divided into four groups: a control group, a TP/DP desensitizer paste group, a CO 2 laser (10.600-nm wavelength) group, and a paste and laser group. The specimens were coated with nail varnish except in the marked area and were then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 1 h. The specimens were then washed, dried, and cut longitudinally. Thereafter, photos of 40 dentin specimens were taken and evaluated. The area of penetration was assessed and reported as percentage of the dentin surface area. Additionally eight dental specimens were examined with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and evaluated. Significant differences in the penetration depth were found for all experimental groups compared to the control group. The lowest penetration area was detected in the paste-laser group (16.5%), followed by the laser (23.7%), the paste (48.5%), and the control group (86.2%). The combined treatment of the CO 2 laser and a TP/DP desensitizer was efficient in sealing the dentinal surface and could be a treatment option for cervical dentin hypersensitivity., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

This in vitro study evaluated the dentinal tubule occlusion (TO), depth of penetration (DoP), and dentin permeability (DP) of oyster shell-derived nanohydroxyapatite (os-nHAp) with and without 15% proanthocyanidin (PA) pretreatment. os-nHAp was synthesized via the precipitation method and it was characterized. The morphology and particle size of os-nHAp were analyzed using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Cytotoxicity of os-nHAp, PA/os-nHAp, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) was assessed by (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line. One hundred and ninety-seven dentin discs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from the crown portion of extracted human teeth. The dentinal surfaces of the discs were etched for 2 min with 6% citric acid to simulate dentin hypersensitivity. Five discs were randomly selected and the patency of dentinal tubules was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining 192 discs were divided into four groups (n = 48) depending on the type of remineralization as follows: group 1: os-nHAp, group 2: PA/os-nHAp, group 3: CPP-ACP, and group 4: no treatment. The remineralization protocol was followed for 21 days. Out of the 48 dentin discs in each group, 32 discs were used to evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion (TO) and depth of penetration (DoP) using SEM. The remaining 16 discs were subjected to an assessment of dentin permeability (DP) using a hydraulic conductance model. TO, DoP and DP were evaluated after remineralization and acid challenge. Characterization studies confirmed the presence of pure phase apatite. HRTEM confirmed the nanometric particle size of os-nHAp. MTT assay results showed that all the tested materials exhibited >80% cell viability when tested up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The results demonstrated a significantly higher mean percentage of TO, DoP, and lesser mean DP after remineralization in groups 1, 2, and 3 (p < 0.05). After the acid challenge, group 3 showed a significant reduction in TO and DoP, and increased DP (p < 0.05). However, no such changes were observed in groups 1 and 2. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that os-nHAp and PA/os-nHAp could serve as potential and durable therapeutic agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The 4-week double-blind clinical trial to manage dentin hypersensitivity (DH) using different desensitizing toothpastes was conducted. 53 participants with DH were enrolled in this trial. The participants were randomized into 3 groups: Group N; no active ingredient-containing toothpaste (Pleasia fluoride-free), Group SC; a toothpaste containing strontium chloride (Sensodyne Original), and Group TP; a toothpaste containing tricalcium phosphate (Vussen S). They were instructed to brush their teeth manually for 3 min, 3 times per day for 4 weeks with the allocated toothpastes, and were assessed at baseline (0), 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Schiff sensitivity score was recorded to 3 different stimuli (air-blast, cold, and acid) at each assessment. Overall DH was also assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). The longer participants used the toothpastes, the greater reduction in DH in all groups to the three stimuli. Group TP demonstrated significant reduction of DH compared to group N for air-blast and cold stimuli. Group TP showed significantly lower VAS than group N and SC. Tricalcium phosphate containing toothpaste used in this trial was most useful to reduce DH. It can be one of the treatment options that alleviate DH., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Treating dental hypersensitivity (DH) rapidly and maintaining long-term effectiveness remains challenging. We aimed to address this problem by fabricating a novel rapidly mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate (RMBCP), which could rapidly elicit mineralization to form hydroxyapatite (HA) and perform excellent acid-resistant stability, thus effectively blocking the exposed dental tubules and protecting them from acid attack., Methods: RMBCP was firstly synthesized by precisely adjusting the molar ratio of acetic acid and calcium hydroxide and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence microprobe (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subsequently, using a commercialized desensitizing agent, 45S5 bioglass (BG), as the control group, the mineralization performance of RMBCP was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), and even slightly acidic artificial saliva (pH=6.6). Moreover, the biocompatibility of RMBCP was studied. Finally, the tubule occlusion effect and acid-resistant stability of RMBCP were evaluated in vitro and in vivo., Results: The rapid mineralization behavior of RMBCP could easily adhere to the dentin surface and block the dentinal tubules completely in vitro and in vivo within 7days. RMBCP performed high acid-resistant stability to maintain the long-term therapeutic effect of DH treatment., Significance: Developing novel bioactive calcium phosphate materials with the ability to trigger mineralization for HA formation rapidly will be an effective strategy for the long-term treatment of dentin hypersensitivity., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Topical application of calcium-containing bioactive desensitizers (CBs) has been used to minimize bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). This study answered the research question "Is the risk of TS lower when CBs are used with dental bleaching in adults compared with bleaching without desensitizers?", Types of Studies Reviewed: The authors included randomized clinical trials comparing topical CB application with a placebo or no intervention during bleaching. Searches for eligible articles were performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and gray literature without language and date restrictions and updated in September 2022. The risk of bias was evaluated using Risk of Bias Version 2.0. The authors conducted meta-analyses with the random-effects model. The authors assessed heterogeneity with the Cochrane Q test, I 2 statistics, and prediction interval. The authors used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of the evidence., Results: After database screening, 22 studies remained, with most at high risk of bias. No difference in the risk of TS was detected (risk ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01; P = .08, low certainty). In a visual analog scale, the intensity of TS (mean difference, -0.98; 95% CI, -1.36 to -0.60; P < .0001, very low certainty) was lower for the CB group. The color change was unaffected (P > .08)., Practical Implications: Although topical CB dental bleaching did not reduce the risk of TS and color change, these agents slightly reduced the TS intensity, but the certainty of the evidence is very low., (Copyright © 2023 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This systematic review with network meta-analysis synthesises available randomised controlled trials evidence concerning efficacy of self-administered dentifrices for management of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) pain., Study Selection: Following systematic review registration (CRD42019154064), three data bases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL) were searched to December 2022 for parallel randomised controlled trials conducted in adults diagnosed with DH, using at least two recognised stimuli, assessing the short-term efficacy of home-use dentifrice treatment in reducing pain. Thirty-two studies and 4,638 participants were included. A Network meta-analysis (NMA) approach was used to compare relative effectiveness between interventions., Conclusions: Twice daily application of self-applied dentifrice containing formulations of stannous, potassium +/- stannous, or arginine can be recommended for the reduction of dentine hypersensitivity pain. There is a need for standardised methodology guideline development to improve the conduct, analysis and reporting of DH clinical studies., Clinical Relevance: This is the first comprehensive NMA to be performed, that follows guidelines for conduct of DH trials to determine the efficacy of self-applied dentifrices for the management of dentine hypersensitivity. Indirect comparisons can be made between formulations that have not been compared to one another in randomised controlled trials., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: West and Claydon team at University of Bristol have previously received either external advisor fees, lecturer fees, or research grants from dentifrice manufacturers. Those manufacturers included: GSK, Colgate Palmolive, Sunstar Procter & Gamble, Unilever., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study investigates the dentin permeability (by hydraulic conductance) and tubule occlusion (by confocal and scanning electron microscopies) of in-office desensitizing materials., Materials and Methods: Bovine dentin blocks were immersed in EDTA to open dentinal tubules. Placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), NaF 5% + 5% nanoparticulate sodium trimetaphosphate varnish (TMP), universal adhesive system (SBU), S-PRG filler varnish (SPRG), Biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin (AMTN) solution were the materials tested. After application, the specimens underwent an erosive-abrasive challenge. Dentin permeability was evaluated at T0 (initial), T1 (after treatment), and T2 (after challenge). Confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate, respectively, length and number of dentinal tubule occlusions and opened dentinal tubules, after challenge. Permeability and SEM data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Confocal data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. Spearman and Pearson's correlation tests were also used. Significance level was set at 5%., Results: At T1, the AMTN group showed the lowest permeability value, following the increasing order at T2: AMTN = SBU < BIOS = SPRG < TMP < FLU < PLA. The SBU group had the highest value of occluded dentinal tubule length. The AMTN group presented more occluded dentinal tubules compared to PLA and FLU. AMTN and SBU had the lowest values of opened dentin tubules. Results showed a negative correlation between the analyses., Conclusion: The SBU and AMTN solution were more effective in reducing dentin permeability by occluding dentin tubules., Clinical Relevance: All materials reduced permeability after challenge, except fluoride varnish., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: This systematic scoping review aimed to survey the literature to answer the following questions: which instruments were used to measure the color change; which teeth were assessed for color; what was the follow-up period, and in which country was the recently published tooth bleaching clinical trial performed?, Methods: This research was registered in the Open Science Framework. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS. Randomized clinical trials evaluating tooth bleaching with color change analysis, published between 2021 and 2017, were included. The data extracted from included studies were analyzed using a qualitative and descriptive analysis., Results: 106 articles were analyzed. Most studies used only ΔEab to measure the color change (10.4%), assessed the color change in the maxillary central incisors (45.3%), and included a one-month follow-up (25.4%). The published papers were mostly from research performed in Brazil (51.9%). Many methods have been used in the tooth bleaching clinical trials examined, and a wide variety of instruments used to measure the color change was observed., Clinical Significance: The large variation in the methodology criteria of most recent tooth bleaching clinical trials makes data comparison difficult among different studies and raises the need for a guideline for tooth bleaching clinical studies., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest. No funding was obtained for this study., (Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.)

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether the home use of mouthwashes containing potassium salts is effective in reducing and controlling dentin hypersensitivity (DH)., Methods and Materials: This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021228410). Randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of mouthwashes containing potassium salt for daily household mouthwash for at least four weeks to reduce DH compared with a control mouthwash were selected, with no limitation on year of publication. Electronic research was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library by two independent researchers. One hundred thirty-three articles were obtained, and nine were selected according to the inclusion criteria., Results: The selected studies evaluated DH through tests of sensitivity to tactile and evaporative stimuli and showed that, for the tactile stimulus, there were no baseline differences between groups (p=0.12; mean difference: -0.33; confidence intervals [CI]: -0.73 to 0.08). However, there were significant differences after two weeks of use (p=0.00001; mean difference: 4.67; CI: 4.53 to 4.81), after four weeks (p=0.00001; mean difference: 13.29; CI: 13.03 to 13.55), and after eight weeks (p=0.00001; mean difference: 8.88; CI: 5.73 to 12.02) favoring the experimental group. The results of the evaporative test showed no differences in the baseline assessment between the two groups (p=0.50; mean difference: -0.02; CI: -0.09 to 0.04), but after four weeks (p=0.00001; mean difference: -0.32; CI: -0.44 to -0.20), and eight weeks of use (p=0.00001; mean difference: -0.42; CI: -0.57 to -0.27) there were differences favoring the experimental group. The incidence of side effects showed no differences between the two groups (p=0.89; mean difference: 1.03; CI: 0.67 to 1.58)., Conclusion: The daily use of mouthwashes containing potassium salt is effective in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity, as a complementary step to brushing at least twice a day for two weeks, four weeks, and up to eight weeks, without presenting side effects., (© Operative Dentistry, 2023.)

Objectives: Perform a systematic review to evaluate the influence of smoking on the effectiveness of tooth whitening (TW) and to analyze whether tooth sensitivity is different between smokers and non-smokers., Materials and Methods: A systematic review modeled according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and OpenGrey databases were searched for related clinical trials. The population, exposure, comparison, outcomes (PECO) was individuals who had TW performed, smoking individuals, non-smoking individuals, and effectiveness of TW, respectively. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool, and data from included studies were extracted by two researchers independently. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) approach., Results: Five studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The ROBINS-I tool classified 3 studies as having a moderate risk of bias, one study as having a serious risk of bias, and one with a critical risk. GRADE performed only for color change results and showed a low certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggests that effectiveness of TW between smokers and non-smokers is similar. The tooth sensitivity also does not seem to be influenced by smoking. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, a meta-analysis could not be performed., Conclusions: Effectiveness of TW between smokers and non-smokers is comparable. The tooth sensitivity also does not seem to be influenced by smoking., Clinical Relevance: The effectiveness of bleaching among smokers and non-smokers appears to be similar. Tooth sensitivity during TW also appears not to be influenced by smoking., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Laser protocols for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) have not yet been studied systematically., Objectives: The present study aimed to review clinical trials on the treatment of DH with laser therapy through a systematic review and meta-analysis., Material and Methods: The search of electronic databases resulted in 562 publications up to April 2020. The inclusion criteria were studies carried out on humans and reporting on the treatment of DH with laser therapy. Case reports, literature reviews and systematic reviews were excluded. Selected by abstract, potentially eligible papers were read in full (n = 160). Independent examiners performed data extraction and the assessment of the risk of bias., Results: A total of 34 studies were included in the analysis, and 11 in the quantitative analysis. It was observed that most studies followed up patients for a maximum of 6 months (55%). Through the meta-analysis, we observed statistically significant differences between the average pain before and after 3 months of treatment with highand low-power lasers. However, through indirect comparisons, it was observed that the high-power laser showed a greater tendency to reduce the pain levels after 3 months of treatment as compared to the low-power laser, but without a statistically significant difference., Conclusions: It was possible to conclude that regardless of the type of laser used in the treatment of DH, this treatment is an effective option for the control of pain symptoms. However, it was not possible to establish a defined treatment protocol, since the evaluation methods are very different from each other. Text for Rewiew and clinical cases.

Introduction: The purpose of this short communication is to draw attention to an efficient design for trials to evaluate desensitising agents, and an appropriate statistical analysis., Methods: Two recent sensitivity trials conducted by the Bristol Dental School Clinical Trials Group are reviewed., Results: The methodology used was effective to establish efficacy of the products evaluated., Conclusions: This methodology is recommended for wider use., Clinical Significance: Effective clinical trial methodology enables establishment of efficacy of desensitising products leading to patient benefit., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that they have no competing interests with regard to this paper. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)