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The rapid growth of Earth's global geospatial data necessitates an efficient system for organizing the data, facilitating data fusion from diverse sources, and promoting interoperability. Mapping the spheroidal surface of the planet presents significant challenges, as it involves balancing distortion and splitting the surface into multiple partitions. The distortion decreases as the number of partitions increases, but at the same time the complexity of data processing increases, since each partition represents a separate data set and is defined in its own local coordinate system. In this paper, we propose the dual orthogonal equidistant cylindrical projection method to mitigate distortion and reduce the number of partitions. Additionally, we use the rotation of projection cylinders to effectively minimize average angular and areal distortions of the Earth’s landmass and reduce the interruption of continental plates caused by partition edges. By incorporating auxiliary latitudes and proposing an approximate authalic latitude, we further enhance the mapping of the ellipsoid onto the sphere, simplifying calculations. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial reduction in distortion and interruption of continental plates. With only two partitions, an average landmass angular distortion of less than 3.56 degrees and an average normalized surface distortion of less than 1.07 were achieved.

The quality of DEMs is especially being considered based on the spatial resolution of the created digital models and the type of terrain of the interest area. DEM analysis was performed specifically for LiDAR-based DEMs, as well as a comparison with results obtained using the radar recording method (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). The application of DEM data for security-sensitive systems requires the fulfillment of security requirements, such as authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, and non-repudiation. For this purpose, the authors have developed a model for non-repudiation and protecting DEM data. The model simulation shows it is possible to detect even the smallest changes made in the transmission or the DEM location, as well as proving the data authenticity and non-repudiation of the sender. DEM data security testing has shown that DEM data is effectively protected from the source of origin to the end entity location.

Hearing loss is one of the most common health problems which is manifested by a subjective feeling of impaired hearing, the impossibility of listening in noise, intermittent or constant tinnitus. It can be conductive or sensorineural type (SNHL). Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by degeneration of the cochlea, which is responsible for the transduction of sound stimuli into nerve impulse. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the applied vasoactive and hemokinetic therapy in people with sensorineural hypoacusis who refused embedding hearing AIDS. This retrospective study included 51 patients, which were in a three-year period in Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology KC Nis diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. Patients were clinically evaluated on the basis of the findings of otoscopy and tonal audiometry. Patients were treated with pentoxifylline, vitamins B1 and B6, cinnarizine (older than 50 years) and betahistine (younger than 50 years), for 28 days. After the treatment, using pure tone audiometry, we monitored the frequency of 125-8000 Hz and improvements in decibels. Controls were in 3 to 4 weeks. For analyzing and processing we used the worst finding and the best answer. Applied therapy led to improvements in all frequencies, particularly at high frequencies (2-8 kHz) (p < .001). Subjective symptoms such as tinnitus were absent, or were losing their intensity. Patients had a subjective feeling of better auditory functionality (better communication, better hearing experience of environment). In our study, we demonstrated that administration of vasodilators and hemokinetics in the treatment of patients with SNHL has positive effects in all frequencies, especially at high frequencies (2-8 kHz).

Purpose This paper aims to deal with the previously unknown prediction accuracy of students’ activity pattern in a blended learning environment. Design/methodology/approach To extract the most relevant activity feature subset, different feature-selection methods were applied. For different cardinality subsets, classification models were used in the comparison. Findings Experimental evaluation oppose the hypothesis that feature vector dimensionality reduction leads to prediction accuracy increasing. Research limitations/implications Improving prediction accuracy in a described learning environment was based on applying synthetic minority oversampling technique, which had affected results on correlation-based feature-selection method. Originality/value The major contribution of the research is the proposed methodology for selecting the optimal low-cardinal subset of students’ activities and significant prediction accuracy improvement in a blended learning environment.

Purpose This paper aims to show the implementation in the terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-based sensor network. The publicly available data show that, in Serbia, the annual damage caused by hailstorms in the past seven years has been estimated almost at an average level of 40m of euros. As the amount of hail was not changed, the hail suppression system of the Republic of Serbia has to be improved, both technically and organizationally, to get better efficiency and protection and to reduce the damage. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors show the implementation and improvements in the modern terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-based sensor network, and they propose the scientific use of sensors for remote control of automatic hail suppression rocket stations. Findings The authors’ idea is that TETRA should be used as an operational and official telecommunicating system for hail suppression activities units. A number of sensors, connected in a network, are used to maintain a high-quality functioning of this digital radio system, managed remotely and controlled either by operators or automatically. Originality/value The presented study with a real example attempts to explain as to how the system functions and how it can improve hail suppression activities.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an important technology that enables a new approach to how we develop and manage networks. SDN divides the data plane and control plane and promotes logical centralization of network control so that the controller can schedule the data in the network effectively through the OpenFlow protocol. The performance and capabilities of the controller itself are important. The impact of network topology type on controller performance can be very significant. In order to have better communication in SDN, it is essential to have an analysis of the performance of specific network topologies. In this paper, we simulate ONOS and RYU controllers and compare their different network parameters under the proposed complex custom Tree-based topology. A network topology has been designed using a Mininet emulator, and the code for topology is executed in Python. From the throughput, packet transmission rate, and latency analysis, the ONOS controller displayed better results than RYU, showing that it can respond to requests more efficiently under complex SDN topologies and traffic loads. On the contrary, the RYU controller provides better results for the less complex SDN networks.

Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) are characterized by flexibility and scalability in any environment. These networks are increasingly used in agricultural and industrial environments and have a dual role in data collection from sensors and transmission to a monitoring system, as well as enabling the management of the monitored environment. Environment management depends on trust in the data collected from the surrounding environment, including the time of data creation. This paper proposes a trust model for monitoring humidity and moisture in agricultural and industrial environments. The proposed model uses a digital signature and public key infrastructure (PKI) to establish trust in the data source, i.e., the trust in the sensor. Trust in data generation is essential for real-time environmental monitoring and subsequent analyzes, thus timestamp technology is implemented here to further ensure that gathered data are not created or changed after the assigned time. Model validation is performed using the Castalia network simulator by testing energy consumption at the receiver and sender nodes and the delay incurred by creating or validating a trust token. In addition, validation is also performed using the Ascertia TSA Crusher application for the time consumed to obtain a timestamp from the free TSA. The results show that by applying different digital signs and timestamps, the trust entity of the WSN improved significantly with an increase in power consumption of the sender node by up to 9.3% and receiver node by up to 126.3% for a higher number of nodes, along with a packet delay of up to 15.6% and an average total time consumed up to 1.186 s to obtain the timestamp from the best chosen TSA, which was as expected.

In this paper, statistical characteristics of a wireless 5G communication system with an L-branch selection combining (SC) receiver, are studied. The signal undergoes a small-scale κ-μ fading and Nakagami-m co-channel interference (CCI). We implement the SC receiver to reduce the effects of multipath fading to both outage probability and bit error probability. For the given conditions, level crossing rate (LCR) of the signal to interference ratio at the output of SC receiver is evaluated. The derived expression can be used to evaluate average fade duration (AFD) of the proposed radio communication system. The impact of the Rician factor and the short-term Nakagami-m fading severity parameter on the level crossing rate is discussed. Furthermore, we implement the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-accelerated simulation and linear optimization for planning the optimal 5G mobile network within a smart city. The programme results in noticeable increase in the rate of calculations of LCR for the communication channel under described conditions.

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used in agriculture monitoring to improve the quality and productivity of farming. In this application, sensors gather different types of data (i.e., humidity, carbon dioxide level, and temperature) in real-time scenarios. Thus, data gathering, transmission, and rapid response to new circumstances require a secured data mechanism to avoid malicious adversaries. Therefore, this paper focuses on data security from the data origin source to the end-user, and proposes a general data security model that is independent of the network topology and structure, and can be widely used in the agriculture monitoring application. The developed model considers practical aspects, the architecture of the sensor node, as well as the necessity to save energy while ensuring data security, and optimize the model through the application of organizational and technical measures. The model evaluation is conducted through simulation in terms of energy consumption. The result shows that the proposed model ensures good data security at the cost of a slight increase in energy consumption at receiver and sender nodes, and energy consumption per bit, up to 2%, 7%, and 1.3%, respectively, due to overhead added for authentication in the network.

This paper presents initial results of a research towards statistical description of diversity-combined wireless signals that propagate over different environments. This kind of situation is encountered when receiver has multiple input antennas which are positioned in such a way that the fading environment cannot be considered uniform for all propagating paths of signals. We consider a three-input selection combining (SC) combiner with three different fading statistics on each of them, and derive the probability density function and cumulative distribution for the output signal. The results can be further used for calculating various system performance measures.

This paper proposes a model for a Smart Field Artillery Information System (SFAIS) that can be used in a military environment. It is based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Information Systems (C4I), as well as Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. The system aims to contribute in increasing the level of the military's capacity in the execution of operations in a multinational or a regional environment. In this context, the SFAIS provides a well-designed platform for interoperability with other actors in the same theater of military missions and joint operations. Moreover, the system will be used for educational purposes by being implemented in simulation centers and computer laboratories. This system will provide artillery personnel with proper education which will rely on - and is going to be conducted in - a simulated operational environment which will include the whole operational range of the artillery systems used (field of fire) and the process of preparation of the elements as well as conducting the firing in a virtual environment. Additionally, and even more importantly, the probability of collisions in hash functions during Single Sign-on authentication is presented for proving existing security shortcomings in distributed computer systems. Also, studying specific security issues with the SOA based artillery information system emphasizes the significance of applying a military information system in a security environment.

The paper describes the process of descriptive statistical analysis of a training set of educational data extracted from distributed sources of blended learning environments. The determined variability in values has indicated the use of the histogram discretization method at the preprocessing phase. Estimation of classification models created over a discretized educational data set has confirmed the importance of descriptive statistical analysis in the case of creating a training set of data from distributed sources.

Tehnološki napredak uslovio je porastdominantnosti mobilnih platformi za obavljanje računarskihposlova. Zbog svoje portabilnosti, odličnog odnosacena/performanse i široke dostupnosti, pametni telefoni postali suključni akteri u izvršenju modernog elektronskog poslovanja.Uzimajući u obzir veliku količinu podataka koja se pomoću njihmože sakupiti i obraditi u svrhe kvalitetnijeg života ljudi, mestomobilnog poslovanja u konceptu pametnih gradova je i te kakoznačajno. U radu su, pored tehnoloških i pravnih aspekatamobilnog poslovanja, izloženi i detalji o njegovom značaju upametnim gradovima. Data je analiza trenutnog stepenarazvijenosti komponenti u Republici Srbiji, koje su ključne zarealizaciju ideje o pametnim gradovima, a zasnivaju se nainterakciji sa mobilnom uređajima. Ukazano je na prednostiovakvog vida interakcije, ali i na njihova ograničenja, pa su uskladu sa tim dati saveti za prevazilaženje i umanjivanje istih.

The paper takes into account second order statistics (SOS) of the ratio of the product of two squared-Nakagami-m (s-N-m) random processes (RPs). The obtained results can find their application in variety of wireless communication systems (WCSs). Mathematical apparatus has been developed for deriving fast computing, closed form, approximative expression for level crossing rate (LCR) using Laplace integration formula. The influence of s-N-m fading severity parameters for the proposed RP on the LCR is investigated and graphically presented for radio frequency (RF) WCS as well as optical WCS (OWCS) scenarios.

In this paper was proposed the simple concept and realization of the technical system, for physical objects spatial location detection, with optimization methods for low quality hardware. This computer system consists of computers, software applications, video cameras, computer network, active and passive network equipment. The basic idea of the system is the principle of triangulation by the visual images and time data from at least 4 cameras with high number of frames per second. The system then creates photorealistic graphical 3D animation of object trajectory and space, using the calculated spatial location data. Experimental results and a computer simulation of a real system indicated that the proposed concept improves objects spatial location detection and 3D graphics on medium quality technical equipment.

The paper presents an educational data mining model for predicting students’ final grades based on realized activities in different educational environments. The proposed model was generated through the stages of the data mining process: data set generation, preprocessing and application of appropriate classifiers. A training set was created by integrating multiple data sources. The concept of selecting appropriate discretization method and the classifier is based on a small training set consisting of different value domain data and a multidimensional class label. Accuracy of the proposed model was improved using unsupervised histogram discretization method and combining a classifier into an ensemble with majority voting algorithm. The unsupervised histogram discretization method reduced the effect of ignoring the class label. Significant results were achieved in individual class prediction using different classifiers. The contribution of the research presented in this paper is development of an efficient multidimensional class label prediction model for a blended learning environment case study.

This paper discusses the integration of three-dimensional 3D geographic information systems GIS and video surveillance systems using augmented reality AR techniques. The motivation for this integration is to overcome problems faced by conventional video surveillance systems. Explicit information concerning which camera currently monitors what area in such systems is missing; therefore, insight into the situation depends heavily on the operator’s training and experience. To ensure the complete coordination and monitoring of a situation in a system with multiple cameras, it is necessary to introduce a single reference system. GIS arises as a natural solution because it not only provides a solid ground truth but also provides semantic information that can be highly important in certain video surveillance applications. To integrate information into a GIS application, that information must be georeferenced. Based on our previous research regarding the addition of georeferencing information to surveillance video, this paper introduces models that can be applied to help integrate video and GIS. With an analogy to Milgram’s continuum between the real world and virtual reality, and analogous to the augmented reality and augmented virtuality in Milgram’s continuum, two models of integration are defined here: GIS-augmented video and video-augmented GIS. Then, we define the architecture of GIS-based video surveillance based on these proposed integration models, and finally, a prototype is implemented. The implemented prototype serves as a basis for analysing possible applications of real-world systems based on the integration of GIS and video.

This paper presents a comparison of the efficacy of unsupervised and supervised discretization methods for educational data from blended learning environment. Naïve Bayes classifier was trained for each discretized data set and comparative analysis of prediction models was conducted. The research goal was to transform numeric features into maximum independent discrete values with minimum loss of information and reduction of classification error. Proposed unsupervised discretization method was based on the histogram distribution and implementation of oversampling technique. The main contribution of this research is improvement of accuracy prediction using the unsupervised discretization method which reduces the effect of ignoring class feature for educational data set.

The unique possibilities of the online social networks such as real-time data access, knowledge of users’ changing preferences and access to their statuses provide the possibility for innovation in the analysis of people’s behavior and opinions, when compared to classical offline methods. Literature review shows lack of studies about the use of public Facebook data in Serbia for the improvement of different product sale, political or promotional campaigns, recommender systems, etc. In this paper, we present the way how data from Facebook can be collected in order to gain insight into the individuals’ preferences and statuses, as well as their connection to a company's fan pages. In particular, we present data collection framework – Symbols – used for collecting individual specific data. The framework stores data into local database and involves a module for graph and content-based analysis of these data. The proposed framework for social network analysis can be used as a decision-making system in users’ preferences implementation thus creating a space for business improvements in various areas.

Terrain visualization is an important aspect of many applications, especially of 3D geographic information systems, which try to preserve the accuracy of the applied terrain model. A discrepancy of data representation, efficient streaming and the application to a chosen mathematical model of the whole planet, still imposes a challenge to a number of large terrain rendering engines. In this paper, we present ellipsoidal clipmaps - a new way to apply geometry clipmaps to an ellipsoid. The ellipsoid is divided into three partitions, seamlessly stitched together. Unlike previous geometry clipmap approaches, based on preloaded grid upon which the terrain is elevated, the underlying ellipsoidal grid is generated on the fly in the vertex shader. The proposed method guarantees sub-pixel precision of the planet Earth reference ellipsoid surface calculation, exploiting GPU single precision floating-point arithmetic. A tight coupling with the implementation of clipmaps enables consistent caching and fast data streaming, while the usage of equidistant cylindrical projection for the source data minimizes preprocessing and preserves low-to-moderate texture distortion. Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsA real-time visualization of the planet Earth.The surface is divided into three partitions seamlessly stitched in the globe.A sub-pixel precise WGS84 reference ellipsoid generation on the fly.Consistent caching and fast data streaming through geometry clipmap application.Minimizing texture distortion through the usage of geographic projection.

U suvremenoj računalnoj grafici naglasak je na detaljima prizora, a uzimajući u obzir poboljšanja hardverskih svojstava, nije dopušteno raditi kompromise kada je riječ o stvarnosti scena. Svaki odraz, sjena, zaobljeni kut ili prozirnost mora biti doveden do savršenstva i prikazan u cilju da se scena koja se oslikava učini što realističnijom. U jednom od najšire rabljenih API-ja za renderiranje 3D objekata, OpenGL-u, ne postoji nešto poput knjižnice za dodavanje ovih pojava koje postoje u stvarnosti. Ako se razmatra mogućnost postojanja više izvora svjetlosti, renderiranje svih ovih detalja postaje pravi izazov. Cilj ovog rada je obezbjeđivanje metoda za generiranje sjene na efikasan način, za objekte često rabljene kao komponente složenih 3D objekata, u uvjetima prisutnosti više svjetlosnih izvora s mogućnošću kretanja., In modern computer graphics, the emphasis is on the details of the scene, and taking into account the improvements in hardware performances, it is not allowed to make compromises when it comes to the reality of scenes. Each reflection, shadow, rounded corner and transparency must be brought to perfection and presented in order to make a depicted scene more realistic. In one of the most widely used API for rendering 3D objects, OpenGL, there is nothing similar to a library for adding those phenomena that exist in reality. If the possibility of existence of multiple light sources is considered, rendering all these details becomes a real challenge. The aim of this paper is to provide a method for generating shadows in an efficient way, for the objects commonly used as components of complex 3D objects, in conditions of the presence of moving light sources.

For an effective and efficient application of machining processes it is often necessary to consider more than one machining performance characteristics for the selection of optimal machining parameters. This implies the need to formulate and solve multi-objective optimization problems. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend of using meta-heuristic algorithms for solving multi-objective machining optimization problems. Although having the ability to efficiently handle highly non-linear, multi-dimensional and multi-modal optimization problems, meta-heuristic algorithms are plagued by numerous limitations as a consequence of their stochastic nature. To overcome some of these limitations in the machining optimization domain, a software prototype for solving multi-objective machining optimization problems was developed. The core of the developed software prototype is an algorithm based on exhaustive iterative search which guarantees the optimality of a determined solution in a given discrete search space. This approach is justified by a continual increase in computing power and memory size in recent years. To analyze the developed software prototype applicability and performance, four case studies dealing with multi-objective optimization problems of non-conventional machining processes were considered. Case studies are selected to cover different formulations of multi-objective optimization problems: optimization of one objective function while all the other are converted into constraints, optimization of a utility function which combines all objective functions and determination of a set of Pareto optimal solutions. In each case study optimization solutions that had been determined by past researchers using meta-heuristic algorithms were improved by using the developed software prototype.

The main goal of the CARPATCLIM (Climate of the Carpathian Region) project is to construct the gridded climatological database for the region in a daily temporal resolution for the period 1961–2010 by using 0.1° spatial resolution. The solution of this requirement as well as one of the final products of the CARPATCLIM project is a Digital Climate Atlas which is designed as the main entry point for all the gridded data and maps generated during the project, together with metadata for all data sets (original data as well as data created during the project). With respect to the INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) directive, the Digital Climate Atlas is developed as a rich Web GIS (Geographic Information System) application based on modern Web standards offering all necessary tools for climate data visualization and extraction. Another important product of the CARPATCLIM project is the Metadata Catalog which is designed as a tool for searching of climate metadata by various parameters (i.e. period, variable, region etc.).

In this study, in order to establish grain shapes of sintered ceramics, new approach on correlation between microstructure and doped BaTiO3 -ceramics properties based, on Voronoi model and mathematical statistics calculations on fractal geometry, has been developed. BaTiO3-ceramics doped with Yb2O3 (from 0.1 to 1.0wt% of Yb) were prepared by using conventional solid state procedure and were sintered from 1320°C to 1380°C for four hours. The microstructure of sintered specimens was investigated by Scanning electron microscope JEOL-SEM-5300. For better and deeper characterization and understanding of the ceramics material microstructure, the methods which include the fractal nature structure, and also Voronoi model and mathematical statistics calculations, are applied. In our research the Voronoi is one specific interface between fractal structure nature and different stochastically contact surfaces, defined by statistical mathematical methods. Also, the Voronoi model practically provided possibility to control the ceramics microstructure fractal nature. Mathematical statistic methods enabled establishing the real model for the prognosis based on correlation: synthesis-structures-properties. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 172057 i br. III44006]

This research aims to gain insight into evaluation methodology and to contribute to a higher standard of Web-based GIS applications evaluation in practice. We explored existing usability standards and published usability models to determining an appropriate model for evaluating the usability of WebGIS. The main goal of this study is to propose a comprehensive methodology for usability evaluation and identify the most serious usability problems of special purpose Web-based geographic information system. The proposed methodology should lead to decreasing time necessary for evaluation of applications and results processing.

The data about routes of ambulances in period of extensive number of days, extracted from the database connected to GPS system, are used in the calculations of coordinates related to the locations where these vehicles should be parked during „waiting for call” time. The mathematic problem known as „p-median” is resolved by apropriate algorithm implemanted in three steps. Defined optimisation method is tested and implemnted on site. In addition to the description of the implemented system for relocation of resources in road traffic, certain side effects of the project are analyzed. Focus of attention was drawn to the importance of the project as an example of the innovative entrepreneurship.

Macro-diversity (MaD) system with MaD selection combining (SC) receiver and two micro-diversity (MiD) SC structures in the shadowed multipath fading channel in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI) is investigated. The received signal propagates through Gamma shadowed Rayleigh fading channel while CCI propagates through Gamma shadowed Nakagami-m multipath fading channel. Novel, infinite series expression for cumulative distribution functions (CDF) is efficiently calculated and used for derivation of outage probability (OP) at the output of MaD system. The effect of the system parameters on the MaD system are presented and analyzed.

E-GOVERNANCE Abstract: The implementation of emergency vehicles relocation, as part of the overall optimization process, looking for some in advance adopted guidelines. One of the most important issues is to decide between single, double or other multiple coverage of service points. A comprehensive algorithm based on the data extracted from huge archive of vehicle moving history is used to ana- lyze the influence of different types of coverage to the efficiency of obtained solutions. In order to perform comparison and evaluation of the quality of semi-optimal solutions, a parameter named savings ratio is used.

Many researchers have taken a great deal of effort to promote high quality game-based learning applications, such as educational games, animations, simulations, animated or interactive simulation mechanisms in learning management system (LMS), and so on. The Bloom’s taxonomy strategy was successfully implemented as effective gaming model in two different game-based learning applications (puzzle and platformer games) that motivate and actively engage college students in order to make learning process more enjoyable. During using the game-based modules in LMS Moodle, special attention was paid both to the integration of game-play aspects and the relationship between learning styles and game genres. In this paper we shall describe the proposed approach and introduce an adaptation and personalization of player as student model based on game genres. We have analyzed learning styles and teaching strategies that match the game features which resulted in embedding the analysis personalization and teaching strategies into the game. This article presents the effectiveness of agent-based approach in teaching strategies of Moodle gaming education resources.

The most important functionality of the hail suppression information system in Serbia is to enable timely and reliable detection of the formation of hail-containing clouds. Improvement of this functionality can be achieved by adequate visualization of air flow (wind) inside the cloud system. This was the motivation for implementing a 2D steady vector field visualization method, based on the streamlines method. The choice of this method is dictated by the requirements for the given appliance: efficiency (a crucial requirement in hail suppression systems), generality of use, an accurate and easily understandable display. By implementing algorithms for streamlines seeding strategy and streamlines points distance control, the infinite loop problem that occurs due to the existence of field vortices is eliminated and evenly spaced streamlines are obtained. For analyzing the influence of the implemented method?s parameters on performance and image quality, a framework for visualization is developed. The implemented method is successfully applied for visualization of data obtained from meteorological radars.

The heart of a modern and efficient information system is a computer database that can be accessed from all over the world. The system demands a strong protection and cryptography, due to a large number of threats in the electronic era. In the well organized transplant programs, all transplantation centers have access to the central computer database. In this important database, the transplantation centers enter information of their recipients along with the recipient profile and the donor profile. This is the basic principle of making the best match between donated organ and recipient. This paper elaborates the SetNet information system with potential criminal activities and malpractice regarding central computer database.

Registration in augmented reality is a process that merges virtual objects generated by a computer with real-world images captured by a camera. In this article, we present a method for registration of geospatial data applicable to outdoor video surveillance systems consisting of several PTZ cameras. PTZ is an abbreviation for pan-tilt-zoom, and in the terminology of video surveillance it indicates cameras that can rotate in the horizontal (pan) and vertical planes (tilt) and change their level of magnification (zoom). Registration is based on transforming these relative camera view parameters into the absolute position, orientation and field of view required by the three-dimensional geographic information systems (3D GISs). Once the 3D GIS and camera views are aligned, it is possible to identify geospatial objects from the camera image, as well as to overlap the virtual scene with the real one. In addition, inverse transformation of the view parameters allows for selecting and pointing the appropriate camera to some geo-referenced feature or event. Based on the proposal, we developed GeoScopeAVS, a GIS-based system for augmented video surveillance and suggested application of such a system in emergency situation management and urban planning.

This paper presents a technique for rapidly generating and rendering of soft shadows on the scene. The method has the advantage of real-time creating of shadows which look more realistic than hard shadows and have high quality, also it has not high demands in resources. The main idea is to replace a complex light source with a collection of multiple point sources of light in order to decrease rendering time. The mathematic model, experiments, and comparison with similar techniques are given and described.

If we intent to realize the serious optimization task and if the main goal is the location and relocation of the ambulance vehicles based on the data archived in the history of the movement of these vehicles, at the very beginning we have to make several important decisions. One of the dilemmas is how far to go in the past, or how many destinations to which the vehicle traveled in the past we had to take in account and use as starting point of the analysis. In this paper we try to estimate influence of the different number of destinations to the quality of the optimization solution. For this purpose a specifically defined optimization coefficient is defined and introduced. We use the data extracted from the actual use of the emergency ambulance vehicles in real life and the optimization calculations are carried out using software module made during a live project implementation. The results obtained during this analysis of different scale of input data are illustrated and discussed in several aspects. Addition attention is directed to the most important analysis and that is the behavior and the comparison of the different optimization coefficient values.

This article presents the effectiveness of agent-based approach in computer learning games. There are a lot of intelligent agents that are successfully used for educational purposes. However, some of them are very interesting because they can demonstrate behaviors that agents may possess; on the other hand they are used to display a set of requirements that must be met during their creation and design. Some of these requirements are similar to those used in the ITS, while the second type of behavior is quite different from them, and may even be unique. Based on this re-search, the effectiveness of games is illustrated in detail with regard to three current perspectives on agent-based approach to games: design game-based learning environment with agent, the process decisions of agent interaction and the reflection of agent recommendations and learning outcomes. Although, all perspectives are connect with the hope of better learning through games, it is criticized that the effectiveness cannot be simply answered by one of the three alone. The goal of the article is therefore to clarify the different views in case agent-personalized trend in engineering education.

The paper describes MapEdit, MS WindowsTM software for georeferencing and rectification of scanned paper maps. The software produces continuous raster maps which can be used as background in geographical information systems. Process of continuous raster map creation using MapEdit "mosaicking" function is also described as well as the georeferencing and rectification algorithms which are used in MapEdit. Our approach for georeferencing and rectification using four control points and two linear transformations for each scanned map part, together with nearest neighbor resampling method, represents low cost--high speed solution that produce continuous raster maps with satisfactory quality for many purposes (± 1 pixel). Quality assessment of several continuous raster maps at different scales that have been created using our software and methodology, has been undertaken and results are presented in the paper. For the quality control of the produced raster maps we referred to three wide adopted standards: US Standard for Digital Cartographic Data, National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy and US National Map Accuracy Standard. The results obtained during the quality assessment process are given in the paper and show that our maps meat all three standards.

Modern handheld devices, i.e. smartphones, have gone beyond their basic purpose for some time now. Beside powerful screens, which usually surpass those we use on our desktops, powerful cameras, and internet connectivity, these devices usually integrate many sensors. In this paper, we discuss how we can combine smart phone’s camera, connectivity, GPS receiver, accelerometer, and magnetometer in order to transform this kind of a device into geospatial video source. To validate and test suggested solution, we implemented a simple mobile app that fetches frames and sensors’ data, calculates georeference and streams geospatial video. In the paper, we also discussed limitations that are caused by the limited precision of used sensors.

In this paper, performance analysis of wireless communication over α−η−μ fading channels has been investigated. First, analysis has been carried out for the case when communication is subjected to the influence of co-channel interference. Closed-form expressions have been derived for the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-interference ratio. Outage probability has been obtained for this case, in the function of various values of system parameters, and also for the case when selection diversity has been presented at the reception. Further, simultaneous multipath fading and shadowing occurrence has been analyzed, through deriving novel composite Gamma long-time faded α−η−μ fading distribution. First-order statistical parameters have been obtained in closed form, for this novel composite distribution, and capitalizing on them, standard performance measures have been efficiently evaluated, graphically presented and discussed in the function of system parameters.

This paper provides an overview of current initiatives for the development of e-government originating from Europe and United States of America. This study emphasizes the importance of transformation of e-government, from government-oriented services (e-Government 1.0), through the user-oriented (e-Government 2.0), to an open, transparent administration that involves citizens and legal entities in the process decision-making. In this paper we propose configurable framework for fast development of systems that covers defined process of exchanging information and documents among citizens and legal entity on one side and employer in government institution on other side. Proposed framework is build around atomic building block named state with defined requirements, connections between blocks and loops. Based on proposed framework we developed system for issuing B integrated permits. Developed system serves as a confirmation of successful implementation of the open government concept.