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1. The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker

Author

Poley, L, Sawyer, C, Addepalli, S, Affolder, AA, Allongue, B, Allport, P, Anderssen, E, Anghinolfi, F, Arguin, J-F, Arling, J-H, Arnaez, O, Asbah, NA, Ashby, J, Asimakopoulou, EM, Atlay, NB, Bartsch, L, Basso, MJ, Beacham, J, Beaupré, SL, Beck, G, Beichert, C, Bergsten, L, Bernabeu, J, Bhattarai, P, Bloch, I, Blue, AJ, Bochenek, M, Botte, J, Boynton, L, Brenner, R, Brueers, B, Buchanan, E, Bullard, B, Capocasa, F, Carr, I, Carra, S, Chao, CW, Chen, J, Chen, L, Chen, Y, Chen, X, Cindro, V, Ciocio, A, Civera, JV, Cormier, K, Cornell, E, Crick, B, Dabrowski, W, Dam, M, David, C, Demontigny, G, Dette, K, DeWitt, J, Diez, S, Doherty, F, Dopke, J, Dressnandt, N, Edwards, S, Fadeyev, V, Farrington, S, Fawcett, W, Fernandez-Tejero, J, Filmer, E, Fleta, C, Gallop, B, Galloway, Z, Argos, C Garcia, Garg, D, Gignac, M, Gillberg, D, Giovinazzo, D, Glover, J, Goettlicher, P, Gonella, L, Gorišek, A, Grant, C, Grant, F, Gray, C, Greenall, A, Gregor, I, Greig, G, Grillo, AA, Gu, S, Guescini, F, da Costa, J Barreiro Guimaraes, Gunnell, J, Gupta, R, Haber, C, Halgheri, A, Hamersly, D, Haugen, TE, Hauser, M, Heim, S, Heim, T, Helling, C, Herde, H, Hessey, NP, Hommels, B, Hönig, JC, and Hunter, A

Subjects
Engineering, Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware, Detector design and construction technologies and materials, Si microstrip and pad detectors, Radiation-hard detectors, Front-end electronics for detector readout, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector [1], its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100% silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: An early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2,2] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.

Published
2020

3. A first look at AS-ROC: a Si-Ge integrated chip readout for fast timing

Author

DeWitt, J., primary, Galloway, Z., additional, Saffier-Ewing, G., additional, Gignac, M., additional, Mazza, S.M., additional, McKinney-Martinez, F., additional, Mobtaker, N., additional, Nagel, N., additional, Nizam, M., additional, Ott, J., additional, Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., additional, Schumm, B., additional, Seiden, A., additional, and Wilder, M., additional

Published
2024
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8. Beam test of the ATLAS silicon detector modules

Author

Albiol, F, Ballester, F, Barbier, G, Bernabeu, J, Bonino, R, Ciocio, A, Clark, AG, Couyoumtzelis, C, Dane, J, Demierre, P, Dewitt, J, Dorfan, DE, Dubbs, T, Emes, J, Fasching, D, Fuster, J, Garcia, C, Gilchriese, MGD, Godlewski, J, Gonzalez, S, Grewal, A, Grillo, AA, Haber, C, Hackett, C, Haesler, P, Hill, JC, Holland, S, Iwasaki, H, Iwata, Y, Jared, R, Kashigin, S, Kipnis, I, Koetz, U, Kondo, T, Kowalewski, R, Kroeger, W, Lankford, A, Lozano Bahilo, J, Moorhead, G, Morgan, D, Munday, DJ, Murray, W, Nickerson, R, Ohsugi, T, O'Shea, V, Perrin, E, Pier, S, Phillips, PW, Pulliam, T, Richardson, J, Rowe, WA, Saavedra, A, Sadrozinski, HFW, Salt, J, Sanchez, J, Schmid, B, Seiden, A, Sellin, PJ, Shapiro, M, Siegrist, J, Spencer, E, Spieler, H, Stapnes, S, Takashima, R, Tamura, N, Taylor, G, Terada, S, Unno, Y, Vuaridel, B, Walsh, SM, Wastie, R, Weber, M, Webster, A, Wichmann, R, and Wilder, M

Subjects
Bioengineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

Results are reported from a beam test of prototype silicon microstrip detectors and front-end electronics developed for use in the LHC detector ATLAS. The detector assemblies ("modules") were 12 cm long and were read out with binary electronics. Both irradiated and unirradiated modules were measured in a 1.56 T magnetic field for efficiency, noise occupancy, and position resolution as a function of bias voltage, binary hit threshold, and detector rotation angle with respect to the beam direction. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1998

9. Performance of the ATLAS silicon strip detector modules

Author

Albiol, F, Ballester, F, Barbier, G, Bernabeu, J, Bonino, R, Ciocio, A, Clark, AG, Couyoumtzelis, C, Dane, J, Demierre, P, DeWitt, J, Dorfan, DE, Dubbs, T, Emes, J, Fasching, D, Fuster, J, Garcia, C, Gilchriese, MGD, Godlewski, J, Gonzalez, S, Grewal, A, Grillo, AA, Haber, C, Hackett, C, Haesler, P, Hill, JC, Holland, S, Iwasaki, H, Iwata, Y, Jared, R, Kashigin, S, Kipnis, I, Koetz, U, Kondo, T, Kowalewski, R, Kroeger, W, Lankford, A, Bahilo, J Lozano, Moorhead, G, Morgan, D, Munday, DJ, Murray, W, Nickerson, R, Ohsugi, T, O'Shea, V, Perrin, E, Pier, S, Phillips, PW, Pulliam, T, Richardson, J, Rowe, WA, Saavedra, A, Sadrozinski, HF-W, Salt, J, Sanchez, J, Schmid, B, Seiden, A, Sellin, PJ, Shapiro, M, Siegrist, J, Spencer, E, Spieler, H, Stapnes, S, Takashima, R, Tamura, N, Taylor, G, Terada, S, Unno, Y, Vuaridel, B, Walsh, SM, Wastie, R, Weber, M, Webster, A, Wichmann, R, and Wilder, M

Subjects
Bioengineering, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

The performance of the silicon strip detector prototypes developed for use in ATLAS at the LHC is reported. Baseline detector assemblies ("modules") of 12 cm length were read out with binary electronics at 40 MHz clock speed. For both irradiated and unirradiated modules, the tracking efficiency, noise occupancy, and position resolution were measured as a function of bias voltage, binary hit threshold, and detector rotation angle in a 1.56 T magnetic field. Measurements were also performed at a particle flux comparable to the one expected at the LHC. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1998

10. Performance of the binary silicon system for ATLAS

Author

DeWitt, J, Dorfan, DE, Dubbs, T, Grillo, AA, Kashigin, S, Kroeger, W, Pulliam, T, Rahn, J, Rowe, WA, Sadrozinski, HF-W, Seiden, A, Spencer, E, Webster, A, Wichmann, R, Wilder, M, Williams, DC, Dane, J, Lankford, A, Pier, S, Schmid, B, Bonino, R, Couyoumtzelis, C, Demierre, P, Fujita, K, Handa, T, Iwata, Y, Ohsugi, T, Iwasaki, H, Kohriki, T, Kondo, T, Terada, S, Unno, Y, Takashima, R, Ciocio, A, Collins, T, Emes, J, Gilchriese, MGD, Haber, C, Kipnis, I, Shapiro, M, Siegrist, J, Spieler, H, Moorhead, G, Nakao, M, Tamura, N, Dabrowski, W, Idzik, M, Godlewski, J, Grewal, A, Nickerson, R, Wastie, R, Gao, Y, González, S, Feng, Z, and Walsh, AM

Abstract

We report on the results from a beam test of a binary silicon strip system proposed for ATLAS. The data were collected during the H8 beam test at CERN in 1995 and at a beam test at KEK in 1996. The binary modules tested had been assembled from silicon micro-strip detectors of different layout and from front-end electronics chips of different architecture. The efficiency, noise occupancy, and position resolution were determined as a function of the threshold setting for various bias voltages and angles of incidence. Interstrip effects were also evaluated using a high resolution telescope. The performance of a prototype detector module irradiated to a fluence of 1.2×1014p/cm2 is also characterized.

Published
1998

11. Test results on silicon micro-strip detectors for ATLAS

Author

DeWitt, J, Dorfan, DE, Dubbs, T, Grillo, AA, Kashigin, S, Kroeger, W, Pulliam, T, Rahn, J, Rowe, WA, Sadrozinski, HFW, Seiden, A, Spencer, E, Webster, A, Wichmann, R, Wilder, M, Williams, DC, Dane, J, Lankford, A, Pier, S, Schmid, B, Bonino, R, Couyoumtzelis, C, Demierre, P, Fujita, K, Handa, T, Iwata, Y, Ohsugi, T, Iwasaki, H, Kohriki, T, Kondo, T, Terada, S, Unno, Y, Takashima, R, Ciocio, A, Collins, T, Emes, J, Gilchriese, MGD, Haber, C, Kipnis, I, Shapiro, M, Siegrist, J, Spieler, H, Moorhead, G, Nakao, M, Tamura, N, Dabrowski, W, Idzik, M, Godlewski, J, Grewal, A, Nickerson, R, Wastie, R, Gao, Y, Gonzalez, S, Walsh, AM, and Feng, Z

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

We report results from beam tests on silicon microstrip detectors using a binary readout system for ATLAS. The data were collected during the H8 beam test at CERN in August/September 1995 and the KEK test in February 1996. The binary modules tested had been assembled from silicon microstrip detectors of different layout and from front-end electronics chips of different architecture. The efficiency, noise occupancy and position resolution were determined as a function of the threshold setting for various bias voltages and angles of incidence for both irradiated and non-irradiated detectors. In particular, the high spatial resolution of the beam telescope allowed the evaluation of the performance as a function of the track location in between detector strips.

Published
1997

12. Monitoring the performance of silicon detectors with binary readout in the ATLAS beam test

Author

Sadrozinski, HF-W, DeWitt, J, Dorfan, DE, Dubbs, T, Grillo, AA, Kashigin, S, Kroeger, W, Rahn, J, Rowe, WA, Seiden, A, Spencer, E, Webster, A, Wichmann, R, Wilder, M, Williams, D, Dane, J, Lankford, A, Pier, S, Schmid, B, Bonino, R, Couyoumtzelis, C, Demierre, P, Iwata, Y, Ohsugi, T, Iwasaki, H, Kondo, T, Terada, S, Unno, Y, Dabrowski, W, Idzik, M, Godlewski, J, Takashima, R, Ciocio, A, Collins, T, Haber, C, Kipnis, I, Shapiro, M, Siegrist, J, Spieler, H, Tamura, N, Grewal, A, Nickerson, R, Wastie, R, Gao, Y, Gonzalez, R, Walsh, AM, and Feng, Z

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

The monitoring of the performance of silicon strip systems with binary readout is discussed. Due to the fact that neither pulse height nor noise level are recorded, the system is monitored with the efficiency and noise occupancy. As an example, on-line monitoring of the binary silicon strip system at the ATLAS H8 beam test at CERN is described.

Published
1996

13. Overview of the Exploration Exercise Device Validation Study Plans

Author

DeWitt, J. K and Swan, B. G

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

The NASA has determined that a multi-functional exercise device will be developed for use as an exercise device during exploration missions. The device will allow for full body resistance and metabolic exercise necessary to minimize physiological losses during space flight and to maintain fitness necessary to perform critical mission tasks. Prior to implementation as an exercise device on an Exploration vehicle, there will be verification and validation testing completed to determine device efficacy at providing the necessary training stimuli to achieve desired goals. Because the exploration device will be new device that has yet be specified, specific Verification and Validation (V&V) protocols have yet to be developed. Upon delivery of an exploration exercise device training unit, stakeholders throughout NASA will develop V&V plans that include ground-based testing and testing on the International Space Station (ISS). Stakeholders will develop test protocols that include success criterion for the device. Ground tests will occur at NASA Johnson Space Station prior to flight testing. The intents of the ground tests are to allow crew, spaceflight medicine, science, engineering, Astronaut Strength, Conditioning, and Reconditioning staff, and others to gain experience in the best utilization of the device. The goal is to obtain an evidence base for recommending use of the device on the ISS. The developed protocol will be created to achieve multiple objectives, including determining if the device provides an adequate training stimulus for 5th - 95th percentile males and females, allows for exercise modalities that protect functional capability, and is robust and can withstand extensive human use. Although protocols are yet to be determined, current expectations include use of the device by test subjects and current crew in order to obtain quantitative and qualitative feedback. Information obtained during the ground tests may be used to influence device modifications during design iterations. Assuming successful ground tests, the device will be installed on the ISS for testing during space flight. Spaceflight testing is envisioned to include an activation and checkout (ACO) phase and a V&V phase. During the ACO phase, 1-2 crewmembers will exercise with the device to ensure proper function. ACO is expected to last multiple months because of the many modes and methods of exercise that need to be assessed. However, the goal is to complete the ACO as quickly as possible. Once successful ACO occurs, the crew will be free to use the device for normal exercise pending concurrence from stakeholders. V&V tests on the ISS will ideally consist of crew using the device for all of their exercise for an entire mission. Exercise prescriptions will be supplied that replicate expected prescriptions during exploration missions. Crew that are not enrolled in the V&V studies would be also free to use the device as their schedule permits. As experience is gained by users, exercise protocols could change. The intent of all V&V testing is to ensure that all have thorough understanding of experience at optimizing device capability

Published
2018

14. Influence of Load Profile on Biomechanics of the Squat and Deadlift

Author

Gallo, C. A, Thompson, W. K, Godfrey, A. P, Lewandowski, B. E, and DeWitt, J. K

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

Long duration space travel will expose astronauts to extended periods of reduced gravity. Since gravity is not present to assist loading, astronauts will use resistive and aerobic exercise regimes for the duration of the space flight to counteract the effect reduced gravity has on the body. Astronauts will exercise on a flywheel based device on the second Orion Exploration Mission (EM2). The effect that the flywheel load profile has on biomechanics is unknown when compared to free weights or a simulated free weight profile. The purpose of this evaluation is to compare the differences in lower body kinematics and kinetics between the flywheel and free weight profile. Test subjects were instrumented with reflective markers for motion capture data collection while exercising on the Device for Aerobic and Resistive Training (DART) prototype developed by TDA Research, Inc. of Wheat Ridge, CO. Exercises performed were either the squat while wearing a harness or deadlift while grasping a T-bar, both of which interfaced with the DART through a rope cable. The DART, a motorized device controlled via software, is capable of producing different load profiles. Profiles include simulated free weights with adjustable eccentric overload capability and flywheel. Test variables included the applied device load and the load profile, both set through the DART software interface. Motion capture data was collected with a 12 camera system (Smart-DX, BTS Bioengineering, Brooklyn, NY). Bilateral ground reaction force data were collected with force plates (P6000, BTS Bioengineering). DART cable force was recorded through an internal load cell. Data was collected from a total of four test subjects. The three repetition maximum was determined for each test subject for both squat and deadlift. High, medium and low loads were determined based on this maximum. The test subject performed five repetitions of each exercise at each load and each test trial was repeated twice. Cadence was controlled during exercising. Biomechanical data were used to drive the models utilizing the OpenSim software platform. Subject specific models were scaled to match the anthropometrics of the test subjects and used to estimate the peak joint angle, joint range of motion, the peak joint moment and the joint moment impulse of the lower extremity joints and the lumbar joint.These are preliminary results because the data analysis is ongoing. There was a lot of inter-subject variability, however, in general, there was a greater peak lumbar flexion angle for the flywheel squat exercise. There was a trend towards a greater range of motion at the hip for the squat exercise with free weight. There was also a greater hip extension, lumbar extension and ankle plantar flexion impulse moment during the squat exercise with free weight. During the deadlift exercise, the peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extension moment were greater when using the free weight profile. For deadlift, the hip extension, lumbar extension and ankle plantar flexion impulse moment tended to be greater with the free weight profile. Overall, the kinematic and kinetic outcomes for the flywheel profile were either statistically the same as free weight profile in many cases, significantly reduced in a few cases, and rarely higher.

Published
2018

17. Grouping of PFAS for human health risk assessment : Findings from an independent panel of experts

Author

Anderson, J. K., Brecher, R. W., Cousins, Ian T., DeWitt, J., Fiedler, H., Kannan, K., Kirman, C. R., Lipscomb, J., Priestly, B., Schoeny, R., Seed, J., Verner, M., Hays, S. M., Anderson, J. K., Brecher, R. W., Cousins, Ian T., DeWitt, J., Fiedler, H., Kannan, K., Kirman, C. R., Lipscomb, J., Priestly, B., Schoeny, R., Seed, J., Verner, M., and Hays, S. M.

Abstract

An expert panel was convened to provide insight and guidance on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) grouping for the purposes of protecting human health from drinking water exposures, and how risks to PFAS mixtures should be assessed. These questions were addressed through multiple rounds of blind, independent responses to charge questions, and review and comments on co-panelists responses. The experts agreed that the lack of consistent interpretations of human health risk for well-studied PFAS and the lack of information for the vast majority of PFAS present significant challenges for any mixtures risk assessment approach. Most experts agreed that all PFAS should not be grouped together, persistence alone is not sufficient for grouping PFAS for the purposes of assessing human health risk, and that the definition of appropriate subgroups can only be defined on a case-by-case manner. Most panelists agreed that it is inappropriate to assume equal toxicity/potency across the diverse class of PFAS. A tiered approach combining multiple lines of evidence was presented as a possible viable means for addressing PFAS that lack analytical and/or toxicological studies. Most PFAS risk assessments will need to employ assumptions that are more likely to overestimate risk than to underestimate risk, given the choice of assumptions regarding dose-response model, uncertainty factors, and exposure information.

Published
2022
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19. Computational Modeling of Space Physiology for Informing Spaceflight Countermeasure Design and Predictions of Efficacy

Author

Lewandowski, B. E, DeWitt, J. K, Gallo, C. A, Gilkey, K. M, Godfrey, A. P, Humphreys, B. T, Jagodnik, K. M, Kassemi, M, Myers, J. G, Nelson, E. S, Pennline, J. A, Perusek, G. P, Thompson, W. K, Werner, C. R, and Nall, M. M

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

MOTIVATION: Spaceflight countermeasures mitigate the harmful effects of the space environment on astronaut health and performance. Exercise has historically been used as a countermeasure to physical deconditioning, and additional countermeasures including lower body negative pressure, blood flow occlusion and artificial gravity are being researched as countermeasures to spaceflight-induced fluid shifts. The NASA Digital Astronaut Project uses computational models of physiological systems to inform countermeasure design and to predict countermeasure efficacy.OVERVIEW: Computational modeling supports the development of the exercise devices that will be flown on NASAs new exploration crew vehicles. Biomechanical modeling is used to inform design requirements to ensure that exercises can be properly performed within the volume allocated for exercise and to determine whether the limited mass, volume and power requirements of the devices will affect biomechanical outcomes. Models of muscle atrophy and bone remodeling can predict device efficacy for protecting musculoskeletal health during long-duration missions. A lumped-parameter whole-body model of the fluids within the body, which includes the blood within the cardiovascular system, the cerebral spinal fluid, interstitial fluid and lymphatic system fluid, estimates compartmental changes in pressure and volume due to gravitational changes. These models simulate fluid shift countermeasure effects and predict the associated changes in tissue strain in areas of physiological interest to aid in predicting countermeasure effectiveness. SIGNIFICANCE: Development and testing of spaceflight countermeasure prototypes are resource-intensive efforts. Computational modeling can supplement this process by performing simulations that reduce the amount of necessary experimental testing. Outcomes of the simulations are often important for the definition of design requirements and the identification of factors essential in ensuring countermeasure efficacy.

Published
2017

24. Biomechanical Modeling of the Deadlift Exercise to Improve the Efficacy of Resistive Exercise Microgravity Countermeasures

Author

Jagodnik, K. M, Thompson, W. K, Gallo, C. A, DeWitt, J. K, Funk, J. H, Funk, N. W, Perusek, G. P, Sheehan, C. C, and Lewandowski, B. E

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

During long-duration spaceflight missions, astronauts exposure to microgravity without adequate countermeasures can result in losses of muscular strength and endurance, as well as loss of bone mass. As a countermeasure to this challenge, astronauts engage in resistive exercise during spaceflight to maintain their musculoskeletal function. The Hybrid Ultimate Lifting Kit (HULK) has been designed as a prototype exercise device for an exploration-class vehicle; the HULK features a much smaller footprint than previous devices such as the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) on the International Space Station (ISS), which makes the HULK suitable for extended spaceflight missions in vehicles with limited volume. As current ISS exercise countermeasure equipment represents an improvement over previous generations of such devices, the ARED is being employed as a benchmark of functional performance. This project involves the development of a biomechanical model of the deadlift exercise, and is novel in that it is the first exercise analyzed in this context to include the upper limbs in the loading path, in contrast to the squat, single-leg squat, and heel raise exercises also being modeled by our team. OpenSim software is employed to develop these biomechanical models of humans performing resistive exercises to assess and improve the new exercise device designs. Analyses include determining differences in joint and muscle forces when using different loading strategies with the device, comparing and contrasting with the ARED benchmark, and determining whether the loading is sufficient to maintain musculoskeletal health. During data collection, the number of repetitions, load, cadence, stance, and grip width are controlled in order to facilitate comparisons between loading configurations. To date, data have been collected for two human subjects performing the deadlift exercise on the HULK device using two different loading conditions. Recorded data include motion capture, electromyography (EMG), ground reaction forces, device load cell data, photos and videos, and anthropometric data. Work is ongoing to perform biomechanical analyses including inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics to compare different versions of the deadlift model in order to determine which provides an appropriate level of detail to study this exercise. This work is supported by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NCC 9-58.

Published
2016

31. Comparison of Knee and Ankle Dynamometry between NASA's X1 Exoskeleton and Biodex System 4

Author

English, K. L, Newby, N. J, Hackney, K. J, DeWitt, J. K, Beck, C. E, Rovekamp, R. N, Rea, R. L, and Ploutz-Snyder, L. L

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

Pre- and post-flight dynamometry is performed on International Space Station crewmembers to characterize microgravity-induced strength changes. Strength is not assessed in flight due to hardware limitations and there is poor understanding of the time course of in-flight changes. PURPOSE: To assess the reliability of a prototype dynamometer, the X1 Exoskeleton (EXO) and its agreement with a Biodex System 4 (BIO). METHODS: Eight subjects (4 M/4 F) completed 2 counterbalanced testing sessions of knee extension/flexion (KE/KF), 1 with BIO and 1 with EXO, with repeated measures within each session in normal gravity. Test-retest reliability (test 1 and 2) and device agreement (BIO vs. EXO) were evaluated. Later, to assess device agreement for ankle plantarflexion (PF), 10 subjects (4 M/6 F) completed 3 test conditions (BIO, EXO, and BIOEXO); BIOEXO was a hybrid condition comprised of the Biodex dynamometer motor and the X1 footplate and ankle frame. Ankle comparisons were: BIO vs. BIOEXO (footplate differences), BIOEXO vs. EXO (motor differences), and BIO vs. EXO (all differences). Reliability for KE/KF was determined by intraclass correlation (ICC). Device agreement was assessed with: 1) repeated measures ANOVA, 2) a measure of concordance (rho), and 3) average difference. RESULTS: ICCs for KE/KF were 0.99 for BIO and 0.96 to 0.99 for EXO. Agreement was high for KE (concordance: 0.86 to 0.95; average differences: -7 to +9 Nm) and low to moderate for KF (concordance: 0.64 to 0.78; average differences: -4 to -29 Nm, P<0.05). BIO vs. BIOEXO PF concordance ranged from 0.89 to 0.92 and mean differences ranged from -9 to +3 Nm (BIO < BIOEXO). BIOEXO vs. EXO PF concordance ranged from 0.73 to 0.80 while mean differences were -18 to -36 Nm (BIOEXO < EXO, P<0.05). PF concordance for BIO vs. EXO was slightly lower (0.61 to 0.84) and mean differences were greater (-27 to -33 Nm; BIO < EXO, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BIO and EXO were similarly reliable for KE and KF. KE measures produced high agreement between devices; KF did not. For ankle PF, torque differences due to the two footplates were small. However, the X1 motor reports greater torques than the Biodex motor during PF. This first prototype provides proof of concept for a reliable, robotic-based exoskeleton to perform portable dynamometry for large muscle groups of the lower body.

Published
2014

32. The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker

Author

Poley, L., Sawyer, C., Addepalli, S., Affolder, A. A., Allongue, B., Allport, P., Anderssen, E., Anghinolfi, F., Arguin, J-F, Arling, J-H, Arnaez, O., Asbah, N. A., Ashby, J., Asimakopoulou, Eleni M., Atlay, N. B., Bartsch, L., Basso, M. J., Beacham, J., Beaupre, S. L., Beck, G., Beichert, C., Bergsten, L., Bernabeu, J., Bhattarai, P., Bloch, I, Blue, A. J., Bochenek, M., Botte, J., Boynton, L., Brenner, Richard, Brueers, B., Buchanan, E., Bullard, B., Capocasa, F., Carr, I, Carra, S., Chao, C. W., Chen, J., Chen, L., Chen, Y., Chen, X., Cindro, V, Ciocio, A., Civera, J. , V, Cormier, K., Cornell, E., Crick, B., Dabrowski, W., Dam, M., David, C., Demontigny, G., Dette, K., DeWitt, J., Diez, S., Doherty, F., Dopke, J., Dressnandt, N., Edwards, S., Fadeyev, V, Farrington, S., Fawcett, W., Fernandez-Tejero, J., Filmer, E., Fleta, C., Gallop, B., Galloway, Z., Argos, C. Garcia, Garg, D., Gignac, M., Gillberg, D., Giovinazzo, D., Glover, J., Goettlicher, P., Gonella, L., Gorisek, A., Grant, C., Grant, F., Gray, C., Greenall, A., Gregor, I, Greig, G., Grillo, A. A., Gu, S., Guescini, F., da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes, Gunnell, J., Gupta, R., Haber, C., Halgheri, A., Hamersly, D., Haugen, T. E., Hauser, M., Heim, S., Heim, T., Helling, C., Herde, H., Hessey, N. P., Hommels, B., Hoenig, J. C., Hunter, A., Jackson, P., Jewkes, K., John, J. J., Johnson, T. A., Jones, T., Kachiguin, S., Kang, N., Kaplon, J., Kareem, M., Keener, P., Keller, J., Key-Charriere, M., Kilani, S., Kisliuk, D., Klein, C. T., Koffas, T., Kramberger, G., Krizka, K., Kroll, J., Kuehn, S., Kurth, M., Labitan, C., Lacasta, C., Lacker, H., Leon, P., Li, B., Li, C., Li, Y., Li, Z., Liang, Z., Liberatore, M., Lister, A., Liu, K., Liu, P., Lohse, T., Loenker, J., Lou, X., Lu, W., Luce, Z., Lynn, D., MacFadyen, R., Maegdefessel, S., Mahboubi, K., Malik, U., Mandic, I, La Marra, D., Martin, J., Martinez-Mckinney, F., Mikestikova, M., Mikuz, M., Mitra, A., Mladina, E., Montalbano, A., Monzat, D., Morii, M., Mullier, G., Neundorf, J., Newcomer, M., Ng, Y., Nikolica, A., Nikolopoulos, K., Oechsle, J., Oliver, J., Orr, R. S., Ottino, G., Paillard, C., Pani, P., Paowell, S., Parzefall, U., Phillips, P. W., Platero, A., Platero, V, Prahl, V, Pyatt, S., Ran, K., Reardon, N., Rehnisch, L., Renardi, A., Renzmann, M., Rifki, O., Rodriguez, A. Rodriguez, Rosin, G., Rossi, E., Ruggeri, T., Ruehr, F., Rymaszewski, P., Sadrozinski, H. F-W, Sanethavong, P., Santpur, S. Neha, Scharf, C., Schillaci, Z., Schmitt, S., Sharma, A., Sciolla, G., Seiden, A., Shi, X., Simpson-Allsop, C., Snoek, H., Snow, S., Solaz, C., Soldevila, U., Sousa, F., Sperlich, D., Staats, E., Stack, T. L., Stanitzki, M., Starinsky, N., Steentoft, Jonas, Stegler, M., Stelzer, B., Stucci, S., Swientek, K., Taylor, G. N., Taylor, W., Teoh, J. Jian, Teuscher, R., Thomas, J., Tigchelaar, A., Tran, T., Tricoli, A., Trischuk, D. A., Unno, Y., van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Ullan, M., Vermeulen, J., Leitao, P. Vicente, Vickey, T., Vidal, G., Vreeswijk, M., Warren, M., Weidberg, T., Wiehe, M., Wiglesworth, C., Wiik-Fuchs, L., Williams, S., Wilson, J., Witharm, R., Wizemann, F., Wonsak, S., Worm, S., Wormald, M., Xella, S., Yang, Y., Yarwick, J., Yu, T., Zhang, D., Zhang, K., Zhou, M., Zhu, H., Poley, L., Sawyer, C., Addepalli, S., Affolder, A. A., Allongue, B., Allport, P., Anderssen, E., Anghinolfi, F., Arguin, J-F, Arling, J-H, Arnaez, O., Asbah, N. A., Ashby, J., Asimakopoulou, Eleni M., Atlay, N. B., Bartsch, L., Basso, M. J., Beacham, J., Beaupre, S. L., Beck, G., Beichert, C., Bergsten, L., Bernabeu, J., Bhattarai, P., Bloch, I, Blue, A. J., Bochenek, M., Botte, J., Boynton, L., Brenner, Richard, Brueers, B., Buchanan, E., Bullard, B., Capocasa, F., Carr, I, Carra, S., Chao, C. W., Chen, J., Chen, L., Chen, Y., Chen, X., Cindro, V, Ciocio, A., Civera, J. , V, Cormier, K., Cornell, E., Crick, B., Dabrowski, W., Dam, M., David, C., Demontigny, G., Dette, K., DeWitt, J., Diez, S., Doherty, F., Dopke, J., Dressnandt, N., Edwards, S., Fadeyev, V, Farrington, S., Fawcett, W., Fernandez-Tejero, J., Filmer, E., Fleta, C., Gallop, B., Galloway, Z., Argos, C. Garcia, Garg, D., Gignac, M., Gillberg, D., Giovinazzo, D., Glover, J., Goettlicher, P., Gonella, L., Gorisek, A., Grant, C., Grant, F., Gray, C., Greenall, A., Gregor, I, Greig, G., Grillo, A. A., Gu, S., Guescini, F., da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes, Gunnell, J., Gupta, R., Haber, C., Halgheri, A., Hamersly, D., Haugen, T. E., Hauser, M., Heim, S., Heim, T., Helling, C., Herde, H., Hessey, N. P., Hommels, B., Hoenig, J. C., Hunter, A., Jackson, P., Jewkes, K., John, J. J., Johnson, T. A., Jones, T., Kachiguin, S., Kang, N., Kaplon, J., Kareem, M., Keener, P., Keller, J., Key-Charriere, M., Kilani, S., Kisliuk, D., Klein, C. T., Koffas, T., Kramberger, G., Krizka, K., Kroll, J., Kuehn, S., Kurth, M., Labitan, C., Lacasta, C., Lacker, H., Leon, P., Li, B., Li, C., Li, Y., Li, Z., Liang, Z., Liberatore, M., Lister, A., Liu, K., Liu, P., Lohse, T., Loenker, J., Lou, X., Lu, W., Luce, Z., Lynn, D., MacFadyen, R., Maegdefessel, S., Mahboubi, K., Malik, U., Mandic, I, La Marra, D., Martin, J., Martinez-Mckinney, F., Mikestikova, M., Mikuz, M., Mitra, A., Mladina, E., Montalbano, A., Monzat, D., Morii, M., Mullier, G., Neundorf, J., Newcomer, M., Ng, Y., Nikolica, A., Nikolopoulos, K., Oechsle, J., Oliver, J., Orr, R. S., Ottino, G., Paillard, C., Pani, P., Paowell, S., Parzefall, U., Phillips, P. W., Platero, A., Platero, V, Prahl, V, Pyatt, S., Ran, K., Reardon, N., Rehnisch, L., Renardi, A., Renzmann, M., Rifki, O., Rodriguez, A. Rodriguez, Rosin, G., Rossi, E., Ruggeri, T., Ruehr, F., Rymaszewski, P., Sadrozinski, H. F-W, Sanethavong, P., Santpur, S. Neha, Scharf, C., Schillaci, Z., Schmitt, S., Sharma, A., Sciolla, G., Seiden, A., Shi, X., Simpson-Allsop, C., Snoek, H., Snow, S., Solaz, C., Soldevila, U., Sousa, F., Sperlich, D., Staats, E., Stack, T. L., Stanitzki, M., Starinsky, N., Steentoft, Jonas, Stegler, M., Stelzer, B., Stucci, S., Swientek, K., Taylor, G. N., Taylor, W., Teoh, J. Jian, Teuscher, R., Thomas, J., Tigchelaar, A., Tran, T., Tricoli, A., Trischuk, D. A., Unno, Y., van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Ullan, M., Vermeulen, J., Leitao, P. Vicente, Vickey, T., Vidal, G., Vreeswijk, M., Warren, M., Weidberg, T., Wiehe, M., Wiglesworth, C., Wiik-Fuchs, L., Williams, S., Wilson, J., Witharm, R., Wizemann, F., Wonsak, S., Worm, S., Wormald, M., Xella, S., Yang, Y., Yarwick, J., Yu, T., Zhang, D., Zhang, K., Zhou, M., and Zhu, H.

Abstract

For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector [1], its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100% silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2, 3] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.

Published
2020
Full Text
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33. PFOS dominates PFAS composition in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected across North Carolina nearly 20 years after the end of its US production

Author

Zhou, J., primary, Baumann, K., additional, Mead, R. N., additional, Skrabal, S. A., additional, Kieber, R. J., additional, Avery, G. B., additional, Shimizu, M., additional, DeWitt, J. C., additional, Sun, M., additional, Vance, S. A., additional, Bodnar, W., additional, Zhang, Z., additional, Collins, L. B., additional, Surratt, J. D., additional, and Turpin, B. J., additional

Published
2021
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34. A Ground-Based Comparison of the Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System (MARES) and a Standard Isokinetic Dynamometer

Author

Hackney, K. J, English, K. L, Redd, E, DeWitt, J. K, Ploutz-Snyder, R, and Ploutz-Snyder, L. L

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

PURPOSE: 1) To compare the test-to-test reliability of Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System (MARES) with a standard laboratory isokinetic dynamometer (ISOK DYN) and; 2) to determine if measures of peak torque and total work differ between devices. METHODS: Ten subjects (6M, 4F) completed two trials on both MARES and an ISOK DYN in a counterbalanced order. Peak torque values at 60 deg & 180 deg / s were obtained from five maximal repetitions of knee extension (KE) and knee flexion (KF). Total work at 180 deg / s was determined from the area under the torque vs. displacement curve during twenty maximal repetitions of KE and KF. Reliability of measures within devices was interpreted from the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared between devices using the ratio of the within-device standard deviations. Indicators of agreement for the two devices were evaluated from: 1) a calculation of concordance (rho) and; 2) the correlation between the mean of measures versus the delta difference between measures (m u vs delta). RESULTS: For all outcome measures ICCs were high for both the ISOK DYN (0.95-0.99) and MARES (0.90-0.99). However, ratios of the within-device standard deviation were 1.3 to 4.3 times higher on MARES. On average, a wide range (3.3 to 1054 Nm) of differences existed between the values obtained. Only KE peak torque measured at 60 deg & 180 deg / s showed similarities between devices (rho = 0.91 & 0.87; Pearson's r for m u vs delta = -0.22 & -0.37, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although MARES was designed for use in microgravity it was quite reliable during ground-based testing. However, MARES was consistently more variable than an ISOK DYN. Future longitudinal studies evaluating a change in isokinetic peak torque or total work should be limited within one device.

Published
2010

35. Vertical Jump Height is more Strongly Associated with Velocity and Work Performed Prior to Take-off

Author

Bentley, J. R, Loehr, J. A, DeWitt, J. K, Lee, S. M. C, English, K. L, Nash, R. E, Leach, M. A, and Hagan, R. D

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

Vertical jump (VJ) height is commonly used as a measure of athletic capability in strength and power sports. Although VJ has been shown to be a predictor of athletic performance, it is not clear which kinetic ground reaction force (GRF) variables, such as peak force (PF), peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV), total work (TW) or impulse (Imp) are the best correlates. To determine which kinetic variables (PF, PP, PV, TW, and Imp) best correlate with VJ height. Twenty subjects (14 males, 6 females) performed three maximal countermovement VJs on a force platform (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA). VJ jump height was calculated as the difference between standing reach and the highest reach point measured using a Vertec. PF, PP, PV, TW, and Imp were calculated using the vertical GRF data sampled at 1000 Hz from the lowest point in the countermovement through the concentric portion until take-off. GRF data were normalized to body mass measured using a standard scale (Detecto, Webb City, MO, USA). Correlation coefficients were computed between each GRF variable and VJ height using a Pearson correlation. VJ height (43.4 plus or minus 9.1 cm) was significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) with PF (998 plus or minus 321 N; r=0.51), PP (1997 plus or minus 772 W; r=0.69), PV (2.66 plus or minus 0.40 m (raised dot) s(sup -1); r=0.85), TW (259 plus or minus 93.0 kJ; r=0.82), and Imp (204 plus or minus 51.1 N(raised dot)s; r=0.67). Although all variables were correlated to VJ height, PV and TW were more strongly correlated to VJ height than PF, PP, and Imp. Therefore, since TW is equal to force times displacement, the relative displacement of the center of mass along with the forces applied during the upward movement of the jump are critical determinants of VJ height. PV and TW are key determinants of VJ height, and therefore successful training programs to increase VJ height should focus on rapid movement (PV) and TW by increasing power over time rather than focusing on PF alone.

Published
2008

36. A time-over-threshold machine: the readout integrated circuit for the BABAR silicon vertex tracker

Author

Kipnis, I., Collins, T., DeWitt, J., Dow, S., Frey, A., Grillo, A., Johnson, R., Kroeger, W., Leona, A., Luo, L., Mandelli, E., Manfredi, P.F., Melani, M., Momayezi, M., Morsani, F., Nyman, M., Pedrali-Noy, M., Poplevin, P., Spencer, E., Re, V., and Roe, N.

Subjects
Semiconductor nuclear counters -- Design and construction, Nuclear track detectors -- Design and construction, Linear accelerators -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A low-noise, mixed-signal, 128-channel CMOS integrated circuit containing the complete readout electronics for the BABAR Silicon Vertex Tracker has been developed. The outstanding feature of the present implementation is the ability to perform simultaneously low-level signal acquisition, derandomizing data storage, sparsification and data transmission on a single monolithic chip. The signals from the detector strips are amplified, shaped by a CR-R[C.sup.2] filter with digitally selectable peaking time of 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, or 400 ns, and then presented to a time-over-threshold processor to implement a compression type ana-log-to-digital conversion. The digital information is stored, sparsified and read out through a serial link upon receipt of a command. The digital section operates from a 60 MHz incoming clock. Noise measurements at 200 ns peaking time and 3.5 mW total power dissipation per channel yield an equivalent noise charge of 600 el. rms at 12 pF added source capacitance. The chip measures 5.7 mm x 8.3 mm and contains 330k transistors. The first full-scale prototype was fabricated in a radiation soft 0.8 [[micro]meter], 3-metal CMOS process. The same circuit is now being fabricated in an analogous radiation hard technology.

Published
1997

40. Signal-to-noise in silicon microstrip detectors with binary readout

Author

DeWitt, J., Dorfan, D., Dubbs, T., Grillo, A., Hubbard, B., Kashigin, S., Noble, K., Pulliam, T., Rahn, J., Rowe, W.A., Sadrozinski, F.-W., Seiden, A., Spencer, E., Webster, A., Wilder, M., Williams, D.C., Ciocio, A., Collins, T., Kipnis, I., Spieler, H., Iwasaki, H., Kohriki, T., Kondo, T., Terada, S., Unno, Y., Iwata, Y., Ohmoto, T., Ohsugi, T., Yoshikawa, M., Takashima, R., Maeohmichi, H., Takahata, M., and Tamura, N.

Subjects
Nuclear track detectors -- Evaluation, Semiconductor nuclear counters -- Evaluation, Hadron spectroscopy -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We report the results of a beam test at KEK using double-sided AC-coupled silicon microstrip detectors with binary readout, i.e., a readout where the signals are discriminated in the front-end electronics and only the hit location as kept. For strip pitch between 50[Mu] and 200[Mu], we determine the efficiency and the noise background as function of threshold setting. This allows us to reconstruct the Landau pulse height spectrum and determine the signal/noise ratio. In addition, the threshold/noise ratio necessary for operation with low occupancy is determined.

Published
1995

41. Space Awareness Evaluation Reporting Summary 2018

Author

Bultitude, K., Patel, Uma, DeWitt, J., Pegram, E., and Extended Project Team

Abstract

Expert evaluation was embedded throughout the Space Awareness project to rigorously test its effectiveness and identify its impacts on key target audiences, especially school teachers (and their pupils). The evaluation effort thus explored whether resources and activities were relevant and applicable to the various target audiences, including identifying key strengths and impacts. The intention in making the evaluation findings public is to further assist in creating a sustainable legacy for Space Awareness outreach efforts that will long outlive the project duration.

Published
2018

43. The B AB AR detector

Author

Aubert, B., Bazan, A., Boucham, A., Boutigny, D., De Bonis, I., Favier, J., Gaillard, J.-M., Jeremie, A., Karyotakis, Y., Le Flour, T., Lees, J.P., Lieunard, S., Petitpas, P., Robbe, P., Tisserand, V., Zachariadou, K., Palano, A., Chen, G.P., Chen, J.C., Qi, N.D., Rong, G., Wang, P., Zhu, Y.S., Eigen, G., Reinertsen, P.L., Stugu, B., Abbott, B., Abrams, G.S., Amerman, L., Borgland, A.W., Breon, A.B., Brown, D.N., Button-Shafer, J., Clark, A.R., Dardin, S., Day, C., Dow, S.F., Fan, Q., Gaponenko, I., Gill, M.S., Goozen, F.R., Gowdy, S.J., Gritsan, A., Groysman, Y., Hernikl, C., Jacobsen, R.G., Jared, R.C., Kadel, R.W., Kadyk, J., Karcher, A., Kerth, L.T., Kipnis, I., Kluth, S., Kral, J.F., Lafever, R., LeClerc, C., Levi, M.E., Lewis, S.A., Lionberger, C., Liu, T., Long, M., Luo, L., Lynch, G., Luft, P., Mandelli, E., Marino, M., Marks, K., Matuk, C., Meyer, A.B., Minor, R., Mokhtarani, A., Momayezi, M., Nyman, M., Oddone, P.J., Ohnemus, J., Oshatz, D., Patton, S., Pedrali-Noy, M., Perazzo, A., Peters, C., Pope, W., Pripstein, M., Quarrie, D.R., Rasson, J.E., Roe, N.A., Romosan, A., Ronan, M.T., Shelkov, V.G., Stone, R., Strother, P.D., Telnov, A.V., von der Lippe, H., Weber, T.F., Wenzel, W.A., Zizka, G., Bright-Thomas, P.G., Hawkes, C.M., Kirk, A., Knowles, D.J., O'Neale, S.W., Watson, A.T., Watson, N.K., Deppermann, T., Koch, H., Krug, J., Kunze, M., Lewandowski, B., Peters, K., Schmuecker, H., Steinke, M., Andress, J.C., Barlow, N.R., Bhimji, W., Chevalier, N., Clark, P.J., Cottingham, W.N., De Groot, N., Dyce, N., Foster, B., Mass, A., McFall, J.D., Wallom, D., Wilson, F.F., Abe, K., Hearty, C., McKenna, J.A., Thiessen, D., Camanzi, B., Harrison, T.J., McKemey, A.K., Tinslay, J., Antohin, E.I., Blinov, V.E., Bukin, A.D., Bukin, D.A., Buzykaev, A.R., Dubrovin, M.S., Golubev, V.B., Ivanchenko, V.N., Kolachev, G.M., Korol, A.A., Kravchenko, E.A., Mikhailov, S.F., Onuchin, A.P., Salnikov, A.A., Serednyakov, S.I., Skovpen, Yu.I., Telnov, V.I., Yushkov, A.N., Booth, J., Lankford, A.J., Mandelkern, M., Pier, S., Stoker, D.P., Zioulas, G., Ahsan, A., Arisaka, K., Buchanan, C., Chun, S., Faccini, R., MacFarlane, D.B., Prell, S.A., Rahatlou, Sh., Raven, G., Sharma, V., Burke, S., Callahan, D., Campagnari, C., Dahmes, B., Hale, D., Hart, P.A., Kuznetsova, N., Kyre, S., Levy, S.L., Long, O., Lu, A., May, J., Richman, J.D., Verkerke, W., Witherell, M., Yellin, S., Beringer, J., DeWitt, J., Dorfan, D.E., Eisner, A.M., Frey, A., Grillo, A.A., Grothe, M., Heusch, C.A., Johnson, R.P., Kroeger, W., Lockman, W.S., Pulliam, T., Rowe, W., Sadrozinski, H., Schalk, T., Schmitz, R.E., Schumm, B.A., Seiden, A., Spencer, E.N., Turri, M., Walkowiak, W., Wilder, M., Williams, D.C., Chen, E., Dubois-Felsmann, G.P., Dvoretskii, A., Hanson, J.E., Hitlin, D.G., Kolomensky, Yu.G., Metzler, S., Oyang, J., Porter, F.C., Ryd, A., Samuel, A., Weaver, M., Yang, S., Zhu, R.Y., Devmal, S., Geld, T.L., Jayatilleke, S., Jayatilleke, S.M., Mancinelli, G., Meadows, B.T., Sokoloff, M.D., Bloom, P., Broomer, B., Erdos, E., Fahey, S., Ford, W.T., Gaede, F., van Hoek, W.C., Johnson, D.R., Michael, A.K., Nauenberg, U., Olivas, A., Park, H., Rankin, P., Roy, J., Sen, S., Smith, J.G., Wagner, D.L., Blouw, J., Harton, J.L., Krishnamurthy, M., Soffer, A., Toki, W.H., Warner, D.W., Wilson, R.J., Zhang, J., Brandt, T., Brose, J., Dahlinger, G., Dickopp, M., Dubitzky, R.S., Eckstein, P., Futterschneider, H., Kocian, M.L., Krause, R., Müller-Pfefferkorn, R., Schubert, K.R., Schwierz, R., Spaan, B., Wilden, L., Behr, L., Bernard, D., Bonneaud, G.R., Brochard, F., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Ferrag, S., Fouque, G., Gastaldi, F., Matricon, P., Mora de Freitas, P., Renard, C., Roussot, E., T'Jampens, S., Thiebaux, C., Vasileiadis, G., Verderi, M., Anjomshoaa, A., Bernet, R., Di Lodovico, F., Muheim, F., Playfer, S., Swain, J.E., Falbo, M., Bozzi, C., Dittongo, S., Folegani, M., Piemontese, L., Ramusino, A.C., Treadwell, E., Anulli, F., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Calcaterra, A., de Sangro, R., Falciai, D., Finocchiaro, G., Patteri, P., Peruzzi, I.M., Piccolo, M., Xie, Y., Zallo, A., Bagnasco, S., Buzzo, A., Contri, R., Crosetti, G., Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Lo Vetere, M., Macri, M., Minutoli, S., Monge, M.R., Musenich, R., Pallavicini, M., Parodi, R., Passaggio, S., Pastore, F.C., Patrignani, C., Pia, M.G., Priano, C., Robutti, E., Santroni, A., Bartoldus, R., Dignan, T., Hamilton, R., Mallik, U., Cochran, J., Crawley, H.B., Fischer, P.A., Lamsa, J., McKay, R., Meyer, W.T., Rosenberg, E.I., Albert, J.N., Beigbeder, C., Benkebil, M., Breton, D., Cizeron, R., Du, S., Grosdidier, G., Hast, C., Höcker, A., Lacker, H.M., LePeltier, V., Lutz, A.M., Plaszczynski, S., Schune, M.H., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Truong, K., Valassi, A., Wormser, G., Alford, O., Behne, D., Bionta, R.M., Bowman, J., Brigljević, V., Brooks, A., Dacosta, V.A., Fackler, O., Fujino, D., Harper, M., Lange, D.J., Mugge, M., O'Connor, T.G., Olson, H., Ott, L., Parker, E., Pedrotti, B., Roeben, M., Shi, X., van Bibber, K., Wenaus, T.J., Wright, D.M., Wuest, C.R., Yamamoto, B., Carroll, M., Cooke, P., Fry, J.R., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., George, M., Kay, M., McMahon, S., Muir, A., Payne, D.J., Sloane, R.J., Sutcliffe, P., Touramanis, C., Aspinwall, M.L., Bowerman, D.A., Dauncey, P.D., Eschrich, I., Gunawardane, N.J.W., Martin, R., Nash, J.A., Price, D.R., Sanders, P., Smith, D., Azzopardi, D.E., Back, J.J., Dixon, P., Harrison, P.F., Newman-Coburn, D., Potter, R.J.L., Shorthouse, H.W., Williams, M.I., Vidal, P.B., Cowan, G., George, S., Green, M.G., Kurup, A., Marker, C.E., McGrath, P., McMahon, T.R., Salvatore, F., Scott, I., Vaitsas, G., Brown, D., Davis, C.L., Li, Y., Pavlovich, J., Allison, J., Barlow, R.J., Boyd, J.T., Fullwood, J., Jackson, F., Khan, A., Lafferty, G.D., Savvas, N., Simopoulos, E.T., Thompson, R.J., Weatherall, J.H., Bard, R., Dallapiccola, C., Farbin, A., Jawahery, A., Lillard, V., Olsen, J., Roberts, D.A., Schieck, J.R., Blaylock, G., Flood, K.T., Hertzbach, S.S., Kofler, R., Lin, C.S., Willocq, S., Wittlin, J., Brau, B., Cowan, R., Taylor, F., Yamamoto, R.K., Britton, D.I., Fernholz, R., Houde, M., Milek, M., Patel, P.M., Trischuk, J., Lanni, F., Palombo, F., Bauer, J.M., Booke, M., Cremaldi, L., Kroeger, R., Reep, M., Reidy, J., Sanders, D.A., Summers, D.J., Arguin, J.F., Beaulieu, M., Martin, J.P., Nief, J.Y., Seitz, R., Taras, P., Woch, A., Zacek, V., Nicholson, H., Sutton, C.S., Cartaro, C., Cavallo, N., De Nardo, G., Fabozzi, F., Gatto, C., Lista, L., Piccolo, D., Sciacca, C., Cason, N.M., LoSecco, J.M., Alsmiller, J.R.G., Gabriel, T.A., Handler, T., Heck, J., Iwasaki, M., Sinev, N.B., Caracciolo, R., Colecchia, F., Dal Corso, F., Galeazzi, F., Marzolla, M., Michelon, G., Morandin, M., Posocco, M., Rotondo, M., Santi, S., Simonetto, F., Stroili, R., Torassa, E., Voci, C., Bailly, P., Benayoun, M., Briand, H., Chauveau, J., David, P., De la Vaissière, C., Del Buono, L., Genat, J.-F., Hamon, O., Leruste, Ph., Le Diberder, F., Lebbolo, H., Lory, J., Martin, L., Martinez-Vidal, F., Roos, L., Stark, J., Versillé, S., Zhang, B., Manfredi, P.F., Ratti, L., Re, V., Speziali, V., Frank, E.D., Gladney, L., Guo, Q.H., Panetta, J.H., Angelini, C., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Bondioli, M., Bosi, F., Carpinelli, M., Forti, F., Gaddi, A., Gagliardi, D., Giorgi, M.A., Lusiani, A., Mammini, P., Morganti, M., Morsani, F., Neri, N., Profeti, A., Paoloni, E., Raffaelli, F., Rama, M., Rizzo, G., Sandrelli, F., Simi, G., Triggiani, G., Haire, M., Judd, D., Paick, K., Turnbull, L., Wagoner, D.E., Albert, J., Bula, C., Kelsey, M.H., Lu, C., McDonald, K.T., Miftakov, V., Sands, B., Schaffner, S.F., Smith, A.J.S., Tumanov, A., Varnes, E.W., Bronzini, F., Buccheri, A., Bulfon, C., Cavoto, G., del Re, D., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Fratini, K., Lamanna, E., Leonardi, E., Mazzoni, M.A., Morganti, S., Piredda, G., Safai Tehrani, F., Serra, M., Voena, C., Waldi, R., Jacques, P.F., Kalelkar, M., Plano, R.J., Adye, T., Claxton, B., Dowdell, J., Egede, U., Franek, B., Galagedera, S., Geddes, N.I., Gopal, G.P., Kay, J., Lidbury, J., Madani, S., Metcalfe, S., Markey, G., Olley, P., Watt, M., Xella, S.M., Aleksan, R., Besson, P., Bourgeois, P., Convert, P., De Domenico, G., de Lesquen, A., Emery, S., Gaidot, A., Ganzhur, S.F., Georgette, Z., Gosset, L., Graffin, P., Hamel de Monchenault, G., Hervé, S., Karolak, M., Kozanecki, W., Langer, M., London, G.W., Marques, V., Mayer, B., Micout, P., Mols, J.P., Mouly, J.P., Penichot, Y., Rolquin, J., Serfass, B., Toussaint, J.C., Usseglio, M., Vasseur, G., Yeche, C., Zito, M., Copty, N., Purohit, M.V., Yumiceva, F.X., Adam, I., Adesanya, A., Anthony, P.L., Aston, D., Bartelt, J., Becla, J., Bell, R., Bloom, E., Boeheim, C.T., Boyarski, A.M., Boyce, R.F., Briggs, D., Bulos, F., Burgess, W., Byers, B., Calderini, G., Chestnut, R., Claus, R., Convery, M.R., Coombes, R., Cottrell, L., Coupal, D.P., Coward, D.H., Craddock, W.W., DeBarger, S., DeStaebler, H., Dorfan, J., Doser, M., Dunwoodie, W., Dusatko, J.E., Ecklund, S., Fieguth, T.H., Freytag, D.R., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G.L., Haller, G., Hanushevsky, A., Harris, J., Hasan, A., Hee, C., Himel, T., Huffer, M.E., Hung, T., Innes, W.R., Jessop, C.P., Kawahara, H., Keller, L., King, M.E., Klaisner, L., Krebs, H.J., Langenegger, U., Langeveld, W., Leith, D.W.G.S., Louie, S.K., Luitz, S., Luth, V., Lynch, H.L., McDonald, J., Manzin, G., Marsiske, H., Mattison, T., McCulloch, M., McDougald, M., McShurley, D., Menke, S., Messner, R., Morii, M., Mount, R., Muller, D.R., Nelson, D., Nordby, M., O'Grady, C.P., Olavson, L., O'Neill, F.G., Oxoby, G., Paolucci, P., Pavel, T., Perl, J., Pertsova, M., Petrak, S., Putallaz, G., Raines, P.E., Ratcliff, B.N., Reif, R., Robertson, S.H., Rochester, L.S., Roodman, A., Russel, J.J., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O.H., Schietinger, T., Schindler, R.H., Schwiening, J., Sciolla, G., Seeman, J.T., Serbo, V.V., Shapiro, S., Skarpass Sr, K., Snyder, A., Soderstrom, E., Soha, A., Spanier, S.M., Stahl, A., Stiles, P., Su, D., Sullivan, M.K., Talby, M., Tanaka, H.A., Va'vra, J., Wagner, S.R., Wang, R., Weber, T., Weinstein, A.J.R., White, J.L., Wienands, U., Wisniewski, W.J., Young, C.C., Yu, N., Burchat, P.R., Cheng, C.H., Kirkby, D., Meyer, T.I., Roat, C., Henderson, R., Khan, N., Berridge, S., Bugg, W., Cohn, H., Hart, E., Weidemann, A.W., Benninger, T., Izen, J.M., Kitayama, I., Lou, X.C., Turcotte, M., Bianchi, F., Bona, M., Daudo, F., Di Girolamo, B., Gamba, D., Grosso, P., Smol, A., Trapani, P.P., Zanin, D., Bosisio, L., Della Ricca, G., Lanceri, L., Pompili, A., Poropat, P., Prest, M., Rashevskaia, I., Vallazza, E., Vuagnin, G., Panvini, R.S., Brown, C., De Silva, A., Kowalewski, R., Pitman, D., Roney, J.M., Band, H.R., Charles, E., Dasu, S., Elmer, P., Johnson, J.R., Nielsen, J., Orejudos, W., Pan, Y., Prepost, R., Scott, I.J., Walsh, J., Wu, S.L., Yu, Z., Zobernig, H., Moore, T.B., and Neal, H.

Published
2002
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44. PFOS dominates PFAS composition in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected across North Carolina nearly 20 years after the end of its US production.

Author

Zhou, J., Baumann, K., Mead, R. N., Skrabal, S. A., Kieber, R. J., Avery, G. B., Shimizu, M., DeWitt, J. C., Sun, M., Vance, S. A., Bodnar, W., Zhang, Z., Collins, L. B., Surratt, J. D., and Turpin, B. J.

Abstract

Contamination of drinking water by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) emitted from manufacturing plants, fire-fighting foams, and urban waste streams has received considerable attention due to concerns over toxicity and environmental persistence; however, PFASs in ambient air remain poorly understood, especially in the United States (US). We measured PFAS concentrations in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 5 locations across North Carolina over a 1 year period in 2019. Thirty-four PFASs, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic, perfluoroalkane sulfonic, perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic and sulfonic acids were analyzed by UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS. Quarterly averaged concentrations ranged from <0.004–14.1 pg m−3. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) ranged from <0.18 to 14.1 pg m−3, comparable to previous PM2.5 measurements from Canada and Europe (<0.02–3.5 pg m−3). Concentrations above 1 pg m−3 were observed in July–September at Charlotte (14.1 pg m−3, PFOA), Wilmington (4.75 pg m−3, PFOS), and Research Triangle Park (1.37 pg m−3, PFOS). Notably, PM2.5 has a short atmospheric lifetime (<2 weeks), and thus, the presence of PFOS in these samples raises questions about their sources, since PFOS production was phased out in the US ∼20 years ago. This is the first US study to provide insights into ambient PFAS concentrations in PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Zürich statement on future actions on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

Author

Ritscher, A., Wang, Z., Scheringer, M., Boucher, J.M., Ahrens, L., Berger, Urs, Bintein, S., Bopp, S.K., Borg, D., Buser, A.M., Cousins, I., DeWitt, J., Fletcher, T., Green, C., Herzke, D., Higgins, C., Huang, J., Hung, H., Knepper, T., Lau, C.S., Leinala, E., Lindstrom, A.B., Liu, J., Miller, M., Ohno, K., Perkola, N., Shi, Y., Haug, L.S., Trier, X., Valsecchi, S., van der Jagt, K., Vierke, L., Ritscher, A., Wang, Z., Scheringer, M., Boucher, J.M., Ahrens, L., Berger, Urs, Bintein, S., Bopp, S.K., Borg, D., Buser, A.M., Cousins, I., DeWitt, J., Fletcher, T., Green, C., Herzke, D., Higgins, C., Huang, J., Hung, H., Knepper, T., Lau, C.S., Leinala, E., Lindstrom, A.B., Liu, J., Miller, M., Ohno, K., Perkola, N., Shi, Y., Haug, L.S., Trier, X., Valsecchi, S., van der Jagt, K., and Vierke, L.

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n–. To date, over 4,000 unique PFASs have been used in technical applications and consumer products, and some of them have been detected globally in human and wildlife biomonitoring studies. Because of their extraordinary persistence, human and environmental exposure to PFASs will be a long-term source of concern. Some PFASs such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) have been investigated extensively and thus regulated, but for many other PFASs, knowledge about their current uses and hazards is still very limited or missing entirely. To address this problem and prepare an action plan for the assessment and management of PFASs in the coming years, a group of more than 50 international scientists and regulators held a two-day workshop in November, 2017. The group identified both the respective needs of and common goals shared by the scientific and the policy communities, made recommendations for cooperative actions, and outlined how the science–policy interface regarding PFASs can be strengthened using new approaches for assessing and managing highly persistent chemicals such as PFASs.

Published
2018

46. Deep Impacts: A summary report of the evaluation findings from the Space Awareness Massive Open Online Courses

Author

Bultitude, K., Patel, Uma, and DeWitt, J.

Abstract

Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, the evaluation approach built on a set of intended participant outcomes agreed in advance of the MOOCs to investigate what changes participants experienced by following the MOOC(s). A series of pre-, post- and follow-up surveys (conducted two months after the end of the course) enabled direct comparison of participants’ self-reported attitudes, values, skills and perceptions. A qualitative analysis of the discussions undertaken within one course, Navigation Through the Ages, provided a complementary perspective of more indirect evidence regarding participants’ experiences.

Published
2017

47. IVA the robot: Design guidelines and lessons learned from the first space station laboratory manipulation system

Author

Konkel, Carl R, Powers, Allen K, and Dewitt, J. Russell

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering
Abstract

The first interactive Space Station Freedom (SSF) lab robot exhibit was installed at the Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL, and has been running daily since. IntraVehicular Activity (IVA) the robot is mounted in a full scale U.S. Lab (USL) mockup to educate the public on possible automation and robotic applications aboard the SSF. Responding to audio and video instructions at the Command Console, exhibit patrons may prompt IVA to perform a housekeeping task or give a speaking tour of the module. Other exemplary space station tasks are simulated and the public can even challenge IVA to a game of tic tac toe. In anticipation of such a system being built for the Space Station, a discussion is provided of the approach taken, along with suggestions for applicability to the Space Station Environment.

Published
1991

48. A Guide to Selecting Large Print/Enhanced Image Computer Access Hardware/Software for Persons with Low Vision.

Author

DeWitt, J. C.

Abstract

Large print/enhanced image computer access products for low-vision individuals are reviewed. The products ("DP-11/Plus,""Large Print DOS,""Lyon Large Print,""PC Lens,""Vista/Vista 2," and "ZoomText") work interactively with most application programs and DOS in IBM environments. Features evaluated include: documentation, set-up, hardware/software requirements, character display and graphics, magnification, and application program compatibility. (JDD)

Published
1988

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