Search

Your search keyword '"David Perry"' showing total 482 results
Start Over Author "David Perry"

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
482 results on '"David Perry"'

1. A systematic review and narrative analysis of digital speech biomarkers in Motor Neuron Disease

Author

Molly Bowden, Emily Beswick, Johnny Tam, David Perry, Alice Smith, Judy Newton, Siddharthan Chandran, Oliver Watts, and Suvankar Pal

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is a progressive and largely fatal neurodegeneritve disorder with a lifetime risk of approximately 1 in 300. At diagnosis, up to 25% of people with MND (pwMND) exhibit bulbar dysfunction. Currently, pwMND are assessed using clinical examination and diagnostic tools including the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALS-FRS(R)), a clinician-administered questionnaire with a single item on speech intelligibility. Here we report on the use of digital technologies to assess speech features as a marker of disease diagnosis and progression in pwMND. Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched. 40 studies were evaluated including 3670 participants; 1878 with a diagnosis of MND. 24 studies used microphones, 5 used smartphones, 6 used apps, 2 used tape recorders and 1 used the Multi-Dimensional Voice Programme (MDVP) to record speech samples. Data extraction and analysis methods varied but included traditional statistical analysis, CSpeech, MATLAB and machine learning (ML) algorithms. Speech features assessed also varied and included jitter, shimmer, fundamental frequency, intelligible speaking rate, pause duration and syllable repetition. Findings from this systematic review indicate that digital speech biomarkers can distinguish pwMND from healthy controls and can help identify bulbar involvement in pwMND. Preliminary evidence suggests digitally assessed acoustic features can identify more nuanced changes in those affected by voice dysfunction. No one digital speech biomarker alone is consistently able to diagnose or prognosticate MND. Further longitudinal studies involving larger samples are required to validate the use of these technologies as diagnostic tools or prognostic biomarkers.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study [version 4; peer review: 2 approved]

Author

Andy Devereux-Cooke, Simon J. McGrath, Emma Northwood, Sian Leary, Pippa Stacey, Anna Redshaw, Jim Wilson, Claire Tripp, Isabel Lewis, Sonya Chowdhury, Sumy V. Baby, Øyvind Almelid, Hannes Becher, Tom Baker, Malgorzata Clyde, Thibaud Boutin, John Ireland, Diana Garcia, Ewan McDowall, Shona M. Kerr, Gemma L. Samms, David Perry, Jareth C. Wolfe, Veronique Vitart, Chris P. Ponting, and Andrew D. Bretherick

Subjects
Myalgic encephalomyelitis, Post-viral syndrome, Post-exertional malaise, Sex-bias, Sub-types, eng, Medicine
Abstract

Background: People with myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience core symptoms of post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment. Despite numbering 0.2-0.4% of the population, no laboratory test is available for their diagnosis, no effective therapy exists for their treatment, and no scientific breakthrough regarding pathogenesis has been made. It remains unknown, despite decades of small-scale studies, whether individuals experience different types of ME/CFS separated by onset-type, sex or age. Methods: DecodeME is a large population-based study of ME/CFS that recruited 17,074 participants in the first 3 months following full launch. Detailed questionnaire responses from UK-based participants who all reported being diagnosed with ME/CFS by a health professional provided an unparalleled opportunity to investigate, using logistic regression, whether ME/CFS severity or onset type is significantly associated with sex, age, illness duration, comorbid conditions or symptoms. Results: The well-established sex-bias among ME/CFS patients is evident in the initial DecodeME cohort: 83.5% of participants were females. What was not known previously was that females tend to have more comorbidities than males. Moreover, being female, being older and being over 10 years from ME/CFS onset are significantly associated with greater severity. Five different ME/CFS onset types were examined in the self-reported data: those with ME/CFS onset (i) after glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis); (ii) after COVID-19 infection; (iii) after other infections; (iv) without an infection at onset; and, (v) where the occurrence of an infection at or preceding onset is not known. Among other findings, ME/CFS onset with unknown infection status was significantly associated with active fibromyalgia. Conclusions: DecodeME participants differ in symptoms, comorbid conditions and/or illness severity when stratified by their sex-at-birth and/or infection around the time of ME/CFS onset.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. DecodeME: community recruitment for a large genetics study of myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome

Author

Andy Devereux-Cooke, Sian Leary, Simon J. McGrath, Emma Northwood, Anna Redshaw, Charles Shepherd, Pippa Stacey, Claire Tripp, Jim Wilson, Margaret Mar, Danielle Boobyer, Sam Bromiley, Sonya Chowdhury, Claire Dransfield, Mohammed Almas, Øyvind Almelid, David Buchanan, Diana Garcia, John Ireland, Shona M. Kerr, Isabel Lewis, Ewan McDowall, Malgorzata Migdal, Phil Murray, David Perry, Chris P. Ponting, Veronique Vitart, and Jareth C. Wolfe

Subjects
Myalgic encephalomyelitis, Co-production, Genome-wide association study, Patient and Public Involvement, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a common, long-term condition characterised by post-exertional malaise, often with fatigue that is not significantly relieved by rest. ME/CFS has no confirmed diagnostic test or effective treatment and we lack knowledge of its causes. Identification of genes and cellular processes whose disruption adds to ME/CFS risk is a necessary first step towards development of effective therapy. Methods Here we describe DecodeME, an ongoing study co-produced by people with lived experience of ME/CFS and scientists. Together we designed the study and obtained funding and are now recruiting up to 25,000 people in the UK with a clinical diagnosis of ME/CFS. Those eligible for the study are at least 16 years old, pass international study criteria, and lack any alternative diagnoses that can result in chronic fatigue. These will include 5,000 people whose ME/CFS diagnosis was a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Questionnaires are completed online or on paper. Participants’ saliva DNA samples are acquired by post, which improves participation by more severely-affected individuals. Digital marketing and social media approaches resulted in 29,000 people with ME/CFS in the UK pre-registering their interest in participating. We will perform a genome-wide association study, comparing participants’ genotypes with those from UK Biobank as controls. This should generate hypotheses regarding the genes, mechanisms and cell types contributing to ME/CFS disease aetiology. Discussion The DecodeME study has been reviewed and given a favourable opinion by the North West – Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (21/NW/0169). Relevant documents will be available online ( www.decodeme.org.uk ). Genetic data will be disseminated as associated variants and genomic intervals, and as summary statistics. Results will be reported on the DecodeME website and via open access publications.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Adiabatic versus non-adiabatic electron transfer at 2D electrode materials

Author

Dan-Qing Liu, Minkyung Kang, David Perry, Chang-Hui Chen, Geoff West, Xue Xia, Shayantan Chaudhuri, Zachary P. L. Laker, Neil R. Wilson, Gabriel N. Meloni, Marko M. Melander, Reinhard J. Maurer, and Patrick R. Unwin

Subjects
Science
Abstract

This combined experimental and theoretical study reveals the nature of electron transfer at graphene as grown on copper. The authors find that outer-sphere electron transfer occurs adiabatically with slower kinetics for multi- than for monolayer graphene.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. List of Contributors

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

8. Appendixes

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

10. Own Your Heresy

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

11. #DeusVult

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

13. Real Men of the Viking Age

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

19. Part II – Origins

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

21. The Nazi Middle Ages

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

24. Ivory and the Ties That Bind

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

25. What Would Benedict Do?

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

28. Contents

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

30. Whose Spain Is It, Anyway?

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

31. Title Page, Copyright

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

32. Part III – #Hashtags

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

34. The Invisible Peasantry

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

35. Part I – Stories

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

38. Introduction

Author

Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul, Nina Rowe, and David Perry

Published
2019

39. Effect of a cervical collar on head and neck acceleration profiles during emergency spinal immobilisation and extrication procedures in elite football (soccer) players: protocol for a randomised, controlled cross-over trial

Author

David Perry, Tom Hughes, Michael J Callaghan, John Davin, Russell Hayes, Neil Hough, Daniel Torpey, Sam Dawson, Eoghan Murray, and Richard K Jones

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

When immobilisation after a cervical spine or head injury is required, the role of the rigid cervical collar is unclear and controversial. There is a need for further studies investigating the use of a rigid cervical collar when head and neck trauma occurs in sport. This study will compare present practice (immobilisation with a cervical collar) to the same procedure without a collar during a simulated spinal immobilisation and extraction scenario from the field of play to the side-line in football (soccer). It will use a prospective cohort within-subjects cross over randomised, controlled trial design. Healthy participants will assume the role of players with a head or neck injury. Clinical practitioners will perform the immobilisation and extrication procedure according to current clinical guidelines. Three dimensional linear and angular acceleration profiles of the head and torso will be measured and the time taken to complete the procedure. The interventions will be a ‘cervical collar’ or ‘no collar’ in random order. Data from the IMUs will be transferred wirelessly to a computer for analysis. Accordingly, within-subject differences between each condition (collar vs no collar) will be assessed with parametric or non-parametric inferential statistics. Statistical significance will be set at p

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Social Technology: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Improving Care for Older Adults

Author

Arthur Kleinman, Hongtu Chen, Sue E. Levkoff, Ann Forsyth, David E. Bloom, Winnie Yip, Tarun Khanna, Conor J. Walsh, David Perry, Ellen W. Seely, Anne S. Kleinman, Yan Zhang, Yuan Wang, Jun Jing, Tianshu Pan, Ning An, Zhenggang Bai, Jiexiu Wang, Qing Liu, and Fawwaz Habbal

Subjects
technology, social system, interdisciplinary, social integration, care, older adult, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Population aging is a defining demographic reality of our era. It is associated with an increase in the societal burden of delivering care to older adults with chronic conditions or frailty. How to integrate global population aging and technology development to help address the growing demands for care facing many aging societies is both a challenge and an opportunity for innovation. We propose a social technology approach that promotes use of technologies to assist individuals, families, and communities to cope more effectively with the disabilities of older adults who can no longer live independently due to dementia, serious mental illness, and multiple chronic health problems. The main contributions of the social technology approach include: (1) fostering multidisciplinary collaboration among social scientists, engineers, and healthcare experts; (2) including ethical and humanistic standards in creating and evaluating innovations; (3) improving social systems through working with those who deliver, manage, and design older adult care services; (4) promoting social justice through social policy research and innovation, particularly for disadvantaged groups; (5) fostering social integration by creating age-friendly and intergenerational programs; and (6) seeking global benefit by identifying and generalizing best practices. As an emergent, experimental approach, social technology requires systematic evaluation in an iterative process to refine its relevance and uses in different local settings. By linking technological interventions to the social and cultural systems of older people, we aim to help technological advances become an organic part of the complex social world that supports and sustains care delivery to older adults in need.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Augmented renal clearance: a retrospective, cohort study of urinary creatinine clearance in critically ill patients in the United Kingdom

Author

Brian W Johnston, David Perry, Martyn Habgood, Miland Joshi, and Anton Krige

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is associated with sub-therapeutic antibiotic, anti-epileptic, and anticoagulant serum concentrations leading to adverse patient outcomes. We aimed to describe the prevalence and associated risk factors for ARC development in a large, single-centre cohort in the United Kingdom. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of critically unwell patients admitted to intensive care between 2014 and 2016. Urinary creatinine clearance was used to determine the ARC prevalence during the first 7 days of admission. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for ARC development. Results The ARC prevalence was 47.0% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 44.3%–49.7%). Age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and sepsis diagnosis were significantly associated with ARC. ARC was more prevalent in younger vs. older (odds ratio [OR] 0.95 [95%CI: 0.94–0.96]), male vs. female (OR 0.32 [95%CI: 0.26–0.40]) patients with lower vs. higher APACHE II scores (OR 0.94 [95%CI: 0.92–0.96]). Conclusions This patient group probably remains unknown to many clinicians because measuring urinary creatinine clearance is not usually indicated in this group. Clinicians should be aware of the ARC risk in this group and consider measurement of urinary creatinine clearance.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver metastasis – clinical outcomes from the international multi-institutional RSSearch® Patient Registry

Author

Anand Mahadevan, Oliver Blanck, Rachelle Lanciano, Anuj Peddada, Srinath Sundararaman, David D’Ambrosio, Sanjeev Sharma, David Perry, James Kolker, and Joanne Davis

Subjects
SBRT, Liver metastasis, RSSearch registry, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment option for liver metastases in patients unsuitable for surgery. We investigated factors associated with clinical outcomes for liver metastases treated with SBRT from a multi-center, international patient registry. Methods Patients with liver metastases treated with SBRT were identified in the RSSearch® Patient Registry. Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics associated with treatment outcomes were assessed. Dose fractionations were normalized to BED10. Overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were evaluated using Kaplan Meier analysis and log-rank test. Results The study included 427 patients with 568 liver metastases from 25 academic and community-based centers. Median age was 67 years (31–91 years). Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) was the most common primary cancer. 73% of patients received prior chemotherapy. Median tumor volume was 40 cm3 (1.6–877 cm3), median SBRT dose was 45 Gy (12–60 Gy) delivered in a median of 3 fractions [1–5]. At a median follow-up of 14 months (1–91 months) the median overall survival (OS) was 22 months. Median OS was greater for patients with CRC (27 mo), breast (21 mo) and gynecological (25 mo) metastases compared to lung (10 mo), other gastro-intestinal (GI) (18 mo) and pancreatic (6 mo) primaries (p

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. 2016 Status Report on Major Equipment Procurement

Author

David Perry

Subjects
Political institutions and public administration (General), JF20-2112
Abstract

The Department of National Defence made some progress in procurement in 2016 despite obstacles that included a continued drop in spending, the advent of a new federal Liberal government and uncertainty over the outcome of the Defence Policy Review. Four trends affected defence acquisitions in 2016. These include an ongoing slippage in recapitalizing the Canadian Armed Forces, some encouraging moves made on the shipbuilding and fighter jet files, mixed progress on implementing the 2014 Defence Procurement Strategy, and uncertainty over the Defence Policy Review. It is also too early to tell how the Trudeau government’s Policy on Results, known as the “deliverology” approach, will play out for defence procurement. However, Budget 2016’s major focus was not on defence, and it shifted some funding for capital equipment to a new endpoint of 2045. This suggests that delay in the overall defence procurement program continues. While the Liberals kept their pledge to make investment in the Royal Canadian Navy a priority, they also made good last year on a negative promise – not to purchase the F-35 stealth fighter bomber. However, further slowing things is the Liberals’ refusal to launch a competition to replace it until the Defence Policy Review is published. The government has made this situation more fraught with its intention to buy 18 Boeing Super Hornet fighter jets as interim aircraft, since Liberal policy requires the Royal Canadian Air Force to be capable of meeting both NORAD’s and NATO’s operational needs simultaneously. Prior to the release of the new defence policy, both the interim and permanent fighter aircraft projects lacked adequate funding. They were among several large projects that have been approved, but have not yet moved to the contract stage, and whose budgets were inadequate to move forward. Adding to this mix is the fact that a government-wide effort initiated in 2014 to streamline the defence procurement process made no progress in 2016, and a significant number of other prospective projects were not included in the DND investment plan. The subsequent Defence Policy Review has addressed the funding issues, but they were problematic throughout 2016. Not all is gloom and doom, however. A contract for 16 fixed-wing search and rescue aircraft was awarded, modernization of all of the Halifax-class frigates was completed last year, the number of light armoured vehicles deployed in the field rose from 64 to 262, 10 maritime helicopters were added to the fleet in December, and the new medium-to-heavy lift helicopters carried out their first mission by responding to the Fort McMurray wildfires.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Prediction and Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Combined Features From Apolipoprotein-E Genotype, Cerebrospinal Fluid, MR, and FDG-PET Imaging Biomarkers

Author

Yubraj Gupta, Ramesh Kumar Lama, Goo-Rak Kwon, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Adam Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Archana B. Balasubramanian, Jennifer Mason, Iris Sim, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles DeCArli, Bret Borowski, Jeff Gunter, Matt Senjem, Prashanthi Vemuri, David Jones, Kejal Kantarci, Chad Ward, Robert A. Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, Susan Landau, John C. Morris, Nigel J. Cairns, Erin Franklin, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, Virginia Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Michal Figurski, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Tatiana M. Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Kelley Faber, Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, Lean Thal, Leon Thal, Neil Buckholtz, Peter J. Snyder, Marilyn Albert, Richard Frank, John Hsiao, Jeffrey Kaye, Joseph Quinn, Lisa Silbert, Betty Lind, Raina Carter, Sara Dolen, Lon S. Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Mauricio Becerra, Liberty Teodoro, Bryan M. Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Adam Fleisher, Judith L. Heidebrink, Joanne L. Lord, Sara S. Mason, Colleen S. Albers, David Knopman, Kris Johnson, Rachelle S. Doody, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Valory Pavlik, Victoria Shibley, Munir Chowdhury, Susan Rountree, Mimi Dang, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S. Honig, Karen L. Bell, Beau Ances, Maria Carroll, Mary L. Creech, Mark A. Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Angela Oliver, Daniel Marson, David Geldmacher, Marissa Natelson Love, Randall Griffith, David Clark, John Brockington, Erik Roberson, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Raj C. Shah, Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Ranjan Duara, Maria T. Greig-Custo, Warren Barker, Chiadi Onyike, Daniel D'Agostino, Stephanie Kielb, Martin Sadowski, Mohammed O. Sheikh, Ulysse Anaztasia, Gaikwad Mrunalini, P. Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R. Petrella, Salvador Borges-Neto, Terence Z. Wong, Edward Coleman, Steven E. Arnold, Jason H. Karlawish, David A. Wolk, Christopher M. Clark, Charles D. Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Partha Sinha, Elizabeth Oates, Gary Conrad, Oscar L. Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M. Simpson, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Bonnie S. Goldstein, Kim Martin, Kelly M. Makino, M. Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Allan I. Levey, James J. Lah, Janet S. Cellar, Jeffrey M. Burns, Russell H. Swerdlow, William M. Brooks, Liana Apostolova, Kathleen Tingus, Ellen Woo, Daniel H.S. Silverman, Po H. Lu, George Bartzokis, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Kim Poki-Walker, Martin R. Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R. Matthews, Jared R. Brosch, Scott Herring, Christopher H. van Dyck, Richard E. Carson, Martha G. MacAvoy, Pradeep Varma, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojana Stefanovic, Curtis Caldwell, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Benita Mudge, Vesna Sossi, Howard Feldman, Michele Assaly, Elizabeth Finger, Stephen Pasternack, Irina Rachisky, Dick Trost, Andrew Kertesz, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Emily Rogalski, Kristine Lipowski, Sandra Weintraub, Borna Bonakdarpour, Diana Kerwin, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A. Sperling, Keith A. Johnson, Gad Marshall, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L. Taylor, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Christine M. Belden, Sandra A. Jacobson, Sherye A. Sirrel, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E. Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O. Obisesan, Saba Wolday, Joanne Allard, Alan Lerner, Paula Ogrocki, Curtis Tatsuoka, Parianne Fatica, Evan Fletcher, Pauline Maillard, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Owen Carmichael, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Pierre Tariot, Anna Burke, Ann Marie Milliken, Nadira Trncic, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W. Scharre, Maria Kataki, Brendan Kelley, Earl A. Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, Alice D. Brown, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Laura A. Flashman, Marc Seltzer, Mary L. Hynes, Robert B. Santulli, Kaycee M. Sink, Gordineer Leslie, Jeff D. Williamson, Pradeep Garg, Franklin Watkins, Brian R. Ott, Geoffrey Tremont, Lori A. Daiello, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Howard J. Rosen, Bruce L. Miller, David Perry, Jacobo Mintzer, Kenneth Spicer, David Bachman, Stephen Pasternak, Irina Rachinsky, John Rogers, Dick Drost, Nunzio Pomara, Raymundo Hernando, Antero Sarrael, Susan K. Schultz, Karen Ekstam Smith, Hristina Koleva, Ki Won Nam, Hyungsub Shim, Norman Relkin, Gloria Chiang, Michael Lin, Lisa Ravdin, Amanda Smith, Balebail Ashok Raj, Kristin Fargher, Thomas Neylan, Jordan Grafman, Gessert Devon, Davis Melissa, Rosemary Morrison, Hayes Jacqueline, Finley Shannon, Kantarci Kejal, Ward Chad, Erin Householder, Crawford Karen, Neu Scott, Friedl Karl, Becerra Mauricio, Debra Fleischman, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Daniel Varon, Maria T Greig, Olga James, Bonnie Goldstein, Kimberly S. Martin, Dino Massoglia, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Walter Martinez, Howard Rosen, Kelly Behan, Sterling C. Johnson, J. Jay Fruehling, Sandra Harding, Elaine R. Peskind, Eric C. Petrie, Gail Li, Jerome A. Yesavage, Ansgar J. Furst, Steven Chao, Scott Mackin, Rema Raman, Erin Drake, Mike Donohue, Gustavo Jimenez, Kelly Harless, Jennifer Salazar, Yuliana Cabrera, Lindsey Hergesheimer, Elizabeth Shaffer, Craig Nelson, David Bickford, Meryl Butters, Michelle Zmuda, Denise Reyes, Kelley M. Faber, Kelly N. Nudelman, Yiu Ho Au, Kelly Scherer, Daniel Catalinotto, Samuel Stark, Elise Ong, and Dariella Fernandez

Subjects
Alzheimer's disease, MCIs (MCI stable), MCIc (MCI converted), sMRI, FDG-PET, CSF, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), including its mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase that may or may not progress into the AD, is the most ordinary form of dementia. It is extremely important to correctly identify patients during the MCI stage because this is the phase where AD may or may not develop. Thus, it is crucial to predict outcomes during this phase. Thus far, many researchers have worked on only using a single modality of a biomarker for the diagnosis of AD or MCI. Although recent studies show that a combination of one or more different biomarkers may provide complementary information for the diagnosis, it also increases the classification accuracy distinguishing between different groups. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning-based framework to discriminate subjects with AD or MCI utilizing a combination of four different biomarkers: fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels, and Apolipoprotein-E (APOE) genotype. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) baseline dataset was used in this study. In total, there were 158 subjects for whom all four modalities of biomarker were available. Of the 158 subjects, 38 subjects were in the AD group, 82 subjects were in MCI groups (including 46 in MCIc [MCI converted; conversion to AD within 24 months of time period], and 36 in MCIs [MCI stable; no conversion to AD within 24 months of time period]), and the remaining 38 subjects were in the healthy control (HC) group. For each image, we extracted 246 regions of interest (as features) using the Brainnetome template image and NiftyReg toolbox, and later we combined these features with three CSF and two APOE genotype features obtained from the ADNI website for each subject using early fusion technique. Here, a different kernel-based multiclass support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a grid-search method was applied. Before passing the obtained features to the classifier, we have used truncated singular value decomposition (Truncated SVD) dimensionality reduction technique to reduce high dimensional features into a lower-dimensional feature. As a result, our combined method achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AU-ROC) curve of 98.33, 93.59, 96.83, 94.64, 96.43, and 95.24% for AD vs. HC, MCIs vs. MCIc, AD vs. MCIs, AD vs. MCIc, HC vs. MCIc, and HC vs. MCIs subjects which are high relative to single modality results and other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, combined multimodal methods have improved the classification performance over the unimodal classification.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. The Influence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities and APOE 4 on PHF-Tau Protein: Evidence From Voxel Analysis and Graph Theory

Author

Yuan Li, Zhijun Yao, Yue Yu, Yu Fu, Ying Zou, Bin Hu, for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Tom Montine, Gustavo Jimenez, Michael Donohue, Devon Gessert, Kelly Harless, Jennifer Salazar, Yuliana Cabrera, Sarah Walter, Lindsey Hergesheimer, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles DeCArli, Bret Borowski, Jeff Gunter, Matt Senjem, Prashanthi Vemuri, David Jones, Kejal Kantarci, Chad Ward, Robert A. Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, John C. Morris, Nigel J. Cairns, Erin Franklin, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, Virginia Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Michal Figurski, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Tatiana M. Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Kelley Faber, Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, Lean Thal, Leon Thal, Neil Buckholtz, Peter J. Snyder, Marilyn Albert, Richard Frank, John Hsiao, Joseph Quinn, Lisa C. Silbert, Betty Lind, Jeffrey A. Kaye, Raina Carter, Sara Dolen, Lon S. Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Mauricio Becerra, Liberty Teodoro, Bryan M. Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Adam Fleisher, Jaimie Ziolkowski, Judith L. Heidebrink, Joanne L. Lord, Sara S. Mason, Colleen S. Albers, David Knopman, Kris Johnson, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Valory Pavlik, Nathaniel Pacini, Ashley Lamb, Joseph S. Kass, Rachelle S. Doody, Victoria Shibley, Munir Chowdhury, Susan Rountree, Mimi Dang, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S. Honig, Karen L. Bell, Randy Yeh, Beau Ances, David Winkfield, Maria Carroll, Angela Oliver, Mary L. Creech, Mark A. Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Daniel Marson, David Geldmacher, Marissa Natelson Love, Randall Griffith, David Clark, John Brockington, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Raj C. Shah, Melissa Lamar, Patricia Samuels, Ranjan Duara, Maria T. Greig-Custo, Rosemarie Rodriguez, Chiadi Onyike, Daniel D’Agostino, Stephanie Kielb, Martin Sadowski, Mohammed O. Sheikh, Jamika Singleton-Garvin, Anaztasia Ulysse, Mrunalini Gaikwad, P. Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R. Petrella, Olga James, Salvador Borges-Neto, Terence Z. Wong, Edward Coleman, Jason H. Karlawish, David A. Wolk, Sanjeev Vaishnavi, Christopher M. Clark, Steven E. Arnold, Charles D. Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Riham El Khouli, Elizabeth Oates, Gary Conrad, Oscar L. Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M. Simpson, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Kim Martin, Nancy Kowalksi, Melanie Keltz, Bonnie S. Goldstein, Kelly M. Makino, M. Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Gaby Thai, Aimee Pierce, Beatriz Yanez, Elizabeth Sosa, Megan Witbracht, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Allan I. Levey, James J. Lah, Janet S. Cellar, Jeffrey M. Burns, Russell H. Swerdlow, William M. Brooks, Ellen Woo, Daniel H.S. Silverman, Edmond Teng, Sarah Kremen, Liana Apostolova, Kathleen Tingus, Po H. Lu, George Bartzokis, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Kim Poki-Walker, Martin R. Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R. Matthews, Jared R. Brosch, Scott Herring, Christopher H. van Dyck, Richard E. Carson, Pradeep Varma, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojana Stefanovic, Chris (Chinthaka) Heyn, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Benita Mudge, Vesna Sossi, Howard Feldman, Michele Assaly, Elizabeth Finger, Stephen Pasternack, William Pavlosky, Irina Rachinsky, Dick Drost, Andrew Kertesz, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Emily Rogalski, Kristine Lipowski, Sandra Weintraub, Borna Bonakdarpour, Diana Kerwin, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A. Sperling, Keith A. Johnson, Gad A. Marshall, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L. Taylor, Steven Chao, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Edward Zamrini, Christine M. Belden, Sherye A. Sirrel, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E. Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O. Obisesan, Ntekim E. Oyonumo, Joanne Allard, Olu Ogunlana, Alan Lerner, Paula Ogrocki, Curtis Tatsuoka, Parianne Fatica, Evan Fletcher, Pauline Maillard, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Owen Carmichael, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Pierre Tariot, Anna Burke, Joel Hetelle, Kathryn DeMarco, Nadira Trncic, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W. Scharre, Maria Kataki, Rawan Tarawneh, Earl A. Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, David Hart, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Laura A. Flashman, Marc Seltzer, Mary L. Hynes, Robert B. Santulli, Kaycee M. Sink, Mia Yang, Akiva Mintz, Rhode Island, Brian R. Ott, Geoffrey Tremont, Lori A. Daiello, Courtney Bodge, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Athena Lee, Howard J. Rosen, Bruce L. Miller, David Perry, Jacobo Mintzer, Kenneth Spicer, David Bachman, Stephen Pasternak, John Rogers, Nunzio Pomara, Raymundo Hernando, Antero Sarrael, Delwyn D. Miller, Karen Ekstam Smith, Hristina Koleva, Ki Won Nam, Hyungsub Shim, Susan K. Schultz, Norman Relkin, Gloria Chiang, Michael Lin, Lisa Ravdin, Amanda Smith, Christi Leach, Balebail Ashok Raj, Kristin Fargher, Thomas Neylan, Jordan Grafman, Lindsey Hergesheimen, Jacqueline Hayes, Shannon Finley, Susan Landau, Erin Householder, Karl Friedl, Debra Fleischman, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Daniel Varon, Maria T Greig, Bonnie Goldstein, Kimberly S. Martin, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Dino Massoglia, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Walter Martinez, Howard Rosen, Kelly Behan, Gad Marshall, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Sandra A. Jacobson, Saba Wolday, Sterling C. Johnson, J. Jay Fruehling, Sandra Harding, Elaine R. Peskind, Eric C. Petrie, Gail Li, Jerome A. Yesavage, Ansgar J. Furst, Scott Mackin, Rema Raman, Erin Drake, Mike Donohue, Elizabeth Shaffer, Craig Nelson, David Bickford, Meryl Butters, Michelle Zmuda, Denise Reyes, Kelley M. Faber, Kelly N. Nudelman, Yiu Ho Au, Kelly Scherer, Daniel Catalinotto, Samuel Stark, Elise Ong, and Dariella Fernandez

Subjects
PHF-Tau, graph theory, network properties, APOE 4, CSF-Tau, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between the cognitive changes in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which induces abnormalities in specific brain regions. Previous studies showed that paired helical filaments Tau (PHF-Tau) protein is a potential pathogenic protein which may cause abnormal brain function and structure in MCI and AD patients. However, the understanding of the PHF-Tau protein network in MCI patients is limited. In this study, 225 subjects with PHF-Tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images were divided into four groups based on whether they carried Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE 4) or abnormal cerebrospinal fluid Total-Tau (CSF T-Tau). They are two important pathogenic factors that might cause cognitive function impairment. The four groups were: individuals harboring CSF T-Tau pathology but no APOE 4 (APOE 4−T+); APOE 4 carriers with normal CSF T-Tau (APOE 4+T−); APOE 4 carriers with abnormal CSF T-Tau (APOE 4+T+); and APOE 4 noncarriers with abnormal CSF T-Tau (APOE 4−T−). We explored the topological organization of PHF-Tau networks in these four groups and calculated five kinds of network properties: clustering coefficient, shortest path length, Q value of modularity, nodal centrality and degree. Our findings showed that compared with APOE 4−T− group, the other three groups showed different alterations in the clustering coefficient, shortest path length, Q value of modularity, nodal centrality and degree. Simultaneously, voxel-level analysis was conducted and the results showed that compared with APOE 4−T− group, the other three groups were found increased PHF-Tau distribution in some brain regions. For APOE 4+T+ group, positive correlation was found between the value of PHF-Tau distribution in altered regions and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) score. Our results indicated that the effects of APOE 4 and abnormal CSF T-Tau may induce abnormalities of PHF-Tau protein and APOE 4 has a greater impact on PHF-Tau than abnormal CSF T-Tau. Our results may be particularly helpful in uncovering the pathophysiology underlying the cognitive dysfunction in MCI patients.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. New Perspective for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Site Selection in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Based on Meta- and Functional Connectivity Analyses

Author

Jiao Liu, Binlong Zhang, Georgia Wilson, Jian Kong, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Adam Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Archana B. Balasubramanian, Jennifer Mason, Iris Sim, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles DeCArli, Bret Borowski, Jeff Gunter, Matt Senjem, Prashanthi Vemuri, David Jones, Kejal Kantarci, Chad Ward, Robert A. Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, Susan Landau, John C. Morris, Nigel J. Cairns, Erin Franklin, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, Virginia Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Michal Figurski, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Tatiana M. Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Kelley Faber, Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, Lean Thal, Leon Thal, Neil Buckholtz, Peter J. Snyder, Marilyn Albert, Richard Frank, John Hsiao, Jeffrey Kaye, Joseph Quinn, Lisa Silbert, Betty Lind, Raina Carter, Sara Dolen, Lon S. Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Mauricio Becerra, Liberty Teodoro, Bryan M. Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Adam Fleisher, Judith L. Heidebrink, Joanne L. Lord, Sara S. Mason, Colleen S. Albers, David Knopman, Kris Johnson, Rachelle S. Doody, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Valory Pavlik, Victoria Shibley, Munir Chowdhury, Susan Rountree, Mimi Dang, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S. Honig, Karen L. Bell, Beau Ances, Maria Carroll, Mary L. Creech, Mark A. Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Angela Oliver, Daniel Marson, David Geldmacher, Marissa Natelson Love, Randall Griffith, David Clark, John Brockington, Erik Roberson, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Raj C. Shah, Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Ranjan Duara, Maria T. Greig-Custo, Warren Barker, Chiadi Onyike, Daniel D'Agostino, Stephanie Kielb, Martin Sadowski, Mohammed O. Sheikh, Ulysse Anaztasia, Gaikwad Mrunalini, P. Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R. Petrella, Salvador Borges-Neto, Terence Z. Wong, Edward Coleman, Steven E. Arnold, Jason H. Karlawish, David A. Wolk, Christopher M. Clark, Charles D. Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Partha Sinha, Elizabeth Oates, Gary Conrad, Oscar L. Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M. Simpson, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Bonnie S. Goldstein, Kim Martin, Kelly M. Makino, M. Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Allan I. Levey, James J. Lah, Janet S. Cellar, Jeffrey M. Burns, Russell H. Swerdlow, William M. Brooks, Liana Apostolova, Kathleen Tingus, Ellen Woo, Daniel H.S. Silverman, Po H. Lu, George Bartzokis, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Kim Poki-Walker, Martin R. Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R. Matthews, Jared R. Brosch, Scott Herring, Christopher H. van Dyck, Richard E. Carson, Martha G. MacAvoy, Pradeep Varma, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojana Stefanovic, Curtis Caldwell, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Benita Mudge, Vesna Sossi, Howard Feldman, Michele Assaly, Elizabeth Finger, Stephen Pasternack, Irina Rachisky, Dick Trost, Andrew Kertesz, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Emily Rogalski, Kristine Lipowski, Sandra Weintraub, Borna Bonakdarpour, Diana Kerwin, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A. Sperling, Keith A. Johnson, Gad Marshall, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L. Taylor, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Christine M. Belden, Sandra A. Jacobson, Sherye A. Sirrel, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E. Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O. Obisesan, Saba Wolday, Joanne Allard, Alan Lerner, Paula Ogrocki, Curtis Tatsuoka, Parianne Fatica, Evan Fletcher, Pauline Maillard, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Owen Carmichael, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Pierre Tariot, Anna Burke, Ann Marie Milliken, Nadira Trncic, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W. Scharre, Maria Kataki, Brendan Kelley, Earl A. Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, Alice D. Brown, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Laura A. Flashman, Marc Seltzer, Mary L. Hynes, Robert B. Santulli, Kaycee M. Sink, Gordineer Leslie, Jeff D. Williamson, Pradeep Garg, Franklin Watkins, Brian R. Ott, Geoffrey Tremont, Lori A. Daiello, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Howard J. Rosen, Bruce L. Miller, David Perry, Jacobo Mintzer, Kenneth Spicer, David Bachman, Stephen Pasternak, Irina Rachinsky, John Rogers, Dick Drost, Nunzio Pomara, Raymundo Hernando, Antero Sarrael, Susan K. Schultz, Karen Ekstam Smith, Hristina Koleva, Ki Won Nam, Hyungsub Shim, Norman Relkin, Gloria Chiang, Michael Lin, Lisa Ravdin, Amanda Smith, Balebail Ashok Raj, Kristin Fargher, Thomas Neylan, Jordan Grafman, Gessert Devon, Davis Melissa, Rosemary Morrison, Hayes Jacqueline, Finley Shannon, Kantarci Kejal, Ward Chad, Erin Householder, Crawford Karen, Neu Scott, Friedl Karl, Becerra Mauricio, Debra Fleischman, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Daniel Varon, Maria T Greig, Olga James, Bonnie Goldstein, Kimberly S. Martin, Dino Massoglia, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Walter Martinez, Howard Rosen, Kelly Behan, Sterling C. Johnson, J. Jay Fruehling, Sandra Harding, Elaine R. Peskind, Eric C. Petrie, Gail Li, Jerome A. Yesavage, Ansgar J. Furst, and Steven Chao

Subjects
mild cognitive impairment, non-invasive brain stimulation, stimulation site, meta-analysis, resting state functional connectivity, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

BackgroundNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been widely used to treat mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there exists no consensus on the best stimulation sites.ObjectiveTo explore potential stimulation locations for NIBS treatment in patients with MCI, combining meta- and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses.MethodsThe meta-analysis was conducted to identify brain regions associated with MCI. Regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted based on this meta-analysis. The rsFC analysis was applied to 45 MCI patients to determine brain surface regions that are functionally connected with the above ROIs.ResultsWe found that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were the overlapping brain regions between our results and those of previous studies. In addition, we recommend that the temporoparietal junction (including the angular gyrus), which was found in both the meta- and rsFC analysis, should be considered in NIBS treatment of MCI. Furthermore, the bilateral orbital prefrontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, medial superior frontal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus may be potential brain stimulation sites for NIBS treatment of MCI.ConclusionOur results provide several potential sites for NIBS, such as the DLFPC and IFG, and may shed light on the locations of NIBS sites in the treatment of patients with MCI.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Performing Sparse Regularization and Dimension Reduction Simultaneously in Multimodal Data Fusion

Author

Zhengshi Yang, Xiaowei Zhuang, Christopher Bird, Karthik Sreenivasan, Virendra Mishra, Sarah Banks, Dietmar Cordes, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Adam Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Archana B. Balasubramanian, Jennifer Mason, Iris Sim, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles DeCArli, Bret Borowski, Jeff Gunter, Matt Senjem, Prashanthi Vemuri, David Jones, Kejal Kantarci, Chad Ward, Robert A. Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, Susan Landau, John C. Morris, Nigel J. Cairns, Erin Franklin, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, Virginia Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Michal Figurski, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Tatiana M. Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Kelley Faber, Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, Lean Thal, Leon Thal, Neil Buckholtz, Peter J. Snyder, Marilyn Albert, Richard Frank, John Hsiao, Jeffrey Kaye, Joseph Quinn, Lisa Silbert, Betty Lind, Raina Carter, Sara Dolen, Lon S. Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Mauricio Becerra, Liberty Teodoro, Bryan M. Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Adam Fleisher, Judith L. Heidebrink, Joanne L. Lord, Sara S. Mason, Colleen S. Albers, David Knopman, Kris Johnson, Rachelle S. Doody, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Valory Pavlik, Victoria Shibley, Munir Chowdhury, Susan Rountree, Mimi Dang, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S. Honig, Karen L. Bell, Beau Ances, Maria Carroll, Mary L. Creech, Mark A. Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Angela Oliver, Daniel Marson, David Geldmacher, Marissa Natelson Love, Randall Griffith, David Clark, John Brockington, Erik Roberson, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Raj C. Shah, Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Ranjan Duara, Maria T. Greig-Custo, Warren Barker, Chiadi Onyike, Daniel D'Agostino, Stephanie Kielb, Martin Sadowski, Mohammed O. Sheikh, Ulysse Anaztasia, Gaikwad Mrunalini, P. Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R. Petrella, Salvador Borges-Neto, Terence Z. Wong, Edward Coleman, Steven E. Arnold, Jason H. Karlawish, David A. Wolk, Christopher M. Clark, Charles D. Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Partha Sinha, Elizabeth Oates, Gary Conrad, Oscar L. Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M. Simpson, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Bonnie S. Goldstein, Kim Martin, Kelly M. Makino, M. Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Allan I. Levey, James J. Lah, Janet S. Cellar, Jeffrey M. Burns, Russell H. Swerdlow, William M. Brooks, Liana Apostolova, Kathleen Tingus, Ellen Woo, Daniel H.S. Silverman, Po H. Lu, George Bartzokis, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Kim Poki-Walker, Martin R. Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R. Matthews, Jared R. Brosch, Scott Herring, Christopher H. van Dyck, Richard E. Carson, Martha G. MacAvoy, Pradeep Varma, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojana Stefanovic, Curtis Caldwell, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Benita Mudge, Vesna Sossi, Howard Feldman, Michele Assaly, Elizabeth Finger, Stephen Pasternack, Irina Rachisky, Dick Trost, Andrew Kertesz, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Emily Rogalski, Kristine Lipowski, Sandra Weintraub, Borna Bonakdarpour, Diana Kerwin, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A. Sperling, Keith A. Johnson, Gad Marshall, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L. Taylor, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Christine M. Belden, Sandra A. Jacobson, Sherye A. Sirrel, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E. Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O. Obisesan, Saba Wolday, Joanne Allard, Alan Lerner, Paula Ogrocki, Curtis Tatsuoka, Parianne Fatica, Evan Fletcher, Pauline Maillard, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Owen Carmichael, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Pierre Tariot, Anna Burke, Ann Marie Milliken, Nadira Trncic, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W. Scharre, Maria Kataki, Brendan Kelley, Earl A. Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, Alice D. Brown, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Laura A. Flashman, Marc Seltzer, Mary L. Hynes, Robert B. Santulli, Kaycee M. Sink, Gordineer Leslie, Jeff D. Williamson, Pradeep Garg, Franklin Watkins, Brian R. Ott, Geoffrey Tremont, Lori A. Daiello, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Howard J. Rosen, Bruce L. Miller, David Perry, Jacobo Mintzer, Kenneth Spicer, David Bachman, Stephen Pasternak, Irina Rachinsky, John Rogers, Dick Drost, Nunzio Pomara, Raymundo Hernando, Antero Sarrael, Susan K. Schultz, Karen Ekstam Smith, Hristina Koleva, Ki Won Nam, Hyungsub Shim, Norman Relkin, Gloria Chiang, Michael Lin, Lisa Ravdin, Amanda Smith, Balebail Ashok Raj, Kristin Fargher, Thomas Neylan, Jordan Grafman, Gessert Devon, Davis Melissa, Rosemary Morrison, Hayes Jacqueline, Finley Shannon, Kantarci Kejal, Ward Chad, Erin Householder, Crawford Karen, Neu Scott, Friedl Karl, Becerra Mauricio, Debra Fleischman, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Daniel Varon, Maria T Greig, Olga James, Bonnie Goldstein, Kimberly S. Martin, Dino Massoglia, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Walter Martinez, Howard Rosen, Kelly Behan, Sterling C. Johnson, J. Jay Fruehling, Sandra Harding, Elaine R. Peskind, Eric C. Petrie, Gail Li, Jerome A. Yesavage, Ansgar J. Furst, Steven Chao, Scott Mackin, Rema Raman, Erin Drake, Mike Donohue, Gustavo Jimenez, Kelly Harless, Jennifer Salazar, Yuliana Cabrera, Lindsey Hergesheimer, Elizabeth Shaffer, Craig Nelson, David Bickford, Meryl Butters, Michelle Zmuda, Denise Reyes, Kelley M. Faber, Kelly N. Nudelman, Yiu Ho Au, Kelly Scherer, Daniel Catalinotto, Samuel Stark, Elise Ong, and Dariella Fernandez

Subjects
sparse principal component analysis, PCA, canonical correlation analysis, CCA, data fusion, mild cognitive impairment, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Collecting multiple modalities of neuroimaging data on the same subject is increasingly becoming the norm in clinical practice and research. Fusing multiple modalities to find related patterns is a challenge in neuroimaging analysis. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is commonly used as a symmetric data fusion technique to find related patterns among multiple modalities. In CCA-based data fusion, principal component analysis (PCA) is frequently applied as a preprocessing step to reduce data dimension followed by CCA on dimension-reduced data. PCA, however, does not differentiate between informative voxels from non-informative voxels in the dimension reduction step. Sparse PCA (sPCA) extends traditional PCA by adding sparse regularization that assigns zero weights to non-informative voxels. In this study, sPCA is incorporated into CCA-based fusion analysis and applied on neuroimaging data. A cross-validation method is developed and validated to optimize the parameters in sPCA. Different simulations are carried out to evaluate the improvement by introducing sparsity constraint to PCA. Four fusion methods including sPCA+CCA, PCA+CCA, parallel ICA and sparse CCA were applied on structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data of mild cognitive impairment subjects and normal controls. Our results indicate that sPCA significantly can reduce the impact of non-informative voxels and lead to improved statistical power in uncovering disease-related patterns by a fusion analysis.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Quantitative 18F-AV1451 Brain Tau PET Imaging in Cognitively Normal Older Adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Author

Qian Zhao, Min Liu, Lingxia Ha, Yun Zhou, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Adam Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Archana B. Balasubramanian, Jennifer Mason, Iris Sim, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles DeCArli, Bret Borowski, Jeff Gunter, Matt Senjem, Prashanthi Vemuri, David Jones, Kejal Kantarci, Chad Ward, Robert A. Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, Susan Landau, John C. Morris, Nigel J. Cairns, Erin Franklin, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, Virginia Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Michal Figurski, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Tatiana M. Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Kelley Faber, Sungeun Kim, Kwangsik Nho, Lean Thal, Leon Thal, Neil Buckholtz, Peter J. Snyder, Marilyn Albert, Richard Frank, John Hsiao, Jeffrey Kaye, Joseph Quinn, Lisa Silbert, Betty Lind, Raina Carter, Sara Dolen, Lon S. Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Mauricio Becerra, Liberty Teodoro, Bryan M. Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Adam Fleisher, Judith L. Heidebrink, Joanne L. Lord, Sara S. Mason, Colleen S. Albers, David Knopman, Kris Johnson, Rachelle S. Doody, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Valory Pavlik, Victoria Shibley, Munir Chowdhury, Susan Rountree, Mimi Dang, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S. Honig, Karen L. Bell, Beau Ances, Maria Carroll, Mary L. Creech, Mark A. Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Angela Oliver, Daniel Marson, David Geldmacher, Marissa Natelson Love, Randall Griffith, David Clark, John Brockington, Erik Roberson, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Raj C. Shah, Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Ranjan Duara, Maria T. Greig-Custo, Warren Barker, Chiadi Onyike, Daniel D'Agostino, Stephanie Kielb, Martin Sadowski, Mohammed O. Sheikh, Ulysse Anaztasia, Gaikwad Mrunalini, P. Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R. Petrella, Salvador Borges-Neto, Terence Z. Wong, Edward Coleman, Steven E. Arnold, Jason H. Karlawish, David A. Wolk, Christopher M. Clark, Charles D. Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Partha Sinha, Elizabeth Oates, Gary Conrad, Oscar L. Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M. Simpson, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Bonnie S. Goldstein, Kim Martin, Kelly M. Makino, M. Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Allan I. Levey, James J. Lah, Janet S. Cellar, Jeffrey M. Burns, Russell H. Swerdlow, William M. Brooks, Liana Apostolova, Kathleen Tingus, Ellen Woo, Daniel H.S. Silverman, Po H. Lu, George Bartzokis, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Kim Poki-Walker, Martin R. Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R. Matthews, Jared R. Brosch, Scott Herring, Christopher H. van Dyck, Richard E. Carson, Martha G. MacAvoy, Pradeep Varma, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojana Stefanovic, Curtis Caldwell, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Benita Mudge, Vesna Sossi, Howard Feldman, Michele Assaly, Elizabeth Finger, Stephen Pasternack, Irina Rachisky, Dick Trost, Andrew Kertesz, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Emily Rogalski, Kristine Lipowski, Sandra Weintraub, Borna Bonakdarpour, Diana Kerwin, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A. Sperling, Keith A. Johnson, Gad Marshall, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L. Taylor, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Christine M. Belden, Sandra A. Jacobson, Sherye A. Sirrel, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E. Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O. Obisesan, Saba Wolday, Joanne Allard, Alan Lerner, Paula Ogrocki, Curtis Tatsuoka, Parianne Fatica, Evan Fletcher, Pauline Maillard, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Owen Carmichael, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Pierre Tariot, Anna Burke, Ann Marie Milliken, Nadira Trncic, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W. Scharre, Maria Kataki, Brendan Kelley, Earl A. Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, Alice D. Brown, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Laura A. Flashman, Marc Seltzer, Mary L. Hynes, Robert B. Santulli, Kaycee M. Sink, Gordineer Leslie, Jeff D. Williamson, Pradeep Garg, Franklin Watkins, Brian R. Ott, Geoffrey Tremont, Lori A. Daiello, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Howard J. Rosen, Bruce L. Miller, David Perry, Jacobo Mintzer, Kenneth Spicer, David Bachman, Stephen Pasternak, Irina Rachinsky, John Rogers, Dick Drost, Nunzio Pomara, Raymundo Hernando, Antero Sarrael, Susan K. Schultz, Karen Ekstam Smith, Hristina Koleva, Ki Won Nam, Hyungsub Shim, Norman Relkin, Gloria Chiang, Michael Lin, Lisa Ravdin, Amanda Smith, Balebail Ashok Raj, Kristin Fargher, Thomas Neylan, Jordan Grafman, Gessert Devon, Davis Melissa, Rosemary Morrison, Hayes Jacqueline, Finley Shannon, Kantarci Kejal, Ward Chad, Erin Householder, Crawford Karen, Neu Scott, Friedl Karl, Becerra Mauricio, Debra Fleischman, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Daniel Varon, Maria T Greig, Olga James, Bonnie Goldstein, Kimberly S. Martin, Dino Massoglia, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Walter Martinez, Howard Rosen, Kelly Behan, Sterling C. Johnson, J. Jay Fruehling, Sandra Harding, Elaine R. Peskind, Eric C. Petrie, Gail Li, Jerome A. Yesavage, Ansgar J. Furst, Steven Chao, Scott Mackin, Rema Raman, Erin Drake, Mike Donohue, Gustavo Jimenez, Kelly Harless, Jennifer Salazar, Yuliana Cabrera, Lindsey Hergesheimer, Elizabeth Shaffer, Craig Nelson, David Bickford, Meryl Butters, Michelle Zmuda, Denise Reyes, Kelley M. Faber, Kelly N. Nudelman, Yiu Ho Au, Kelly Scherer, Daniel Catalinotto, Samuel Stark, Elise Ong, and Dariella Fernandez

Subjects
18F-AV1451, Tau PET, cognitively normal, mild cognition impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Recent developments of tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allows assessment of regional neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition in human brain. Among the tau PET molecular probes, 18F-AV1451 is characterized by high selectivity for pathologic tau aggregates over amyloid plaques, limited non-specific binding in white and gray matter, and confined off-target binding. The objectives of the study are (1) to quantitatively characterize regional brain tau deposition measured by 18F-AV1451 PET in cognitively normal older adults (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants; (2) to evaluate the correlations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and 18F-AV1451 PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR); and (3) to evaluate the partial volume effects on 18F-AV1451 brain uptake.Methods: The study included total 115 participants (CN = 49, MCI = 58, and AD = 8) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Preprocessed 18F-AV1451 PET images, structural MRIs, and demographic and clinical assessments were downloaded from the ADNI database. A reblurred Van Cittertiteration method was used for voxelwise partial volume correction (PVC) on PET images. Structural MRIs were used for PET spatial normalization and region of interest (ROI) definition in standard space. The parametric images of 18F-AV1451 SUVR relative to cerebellum were calculated. The ROI SUVR measurements from PVC and non-PVC SUVR images were compared. The correlation between ROI 18F-AV1451 SUVR and the measurements of MMSE, CSF total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were also assessed.Results:18F-AV1451 prominently specific binding was found in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, fusiform, posterior cingulate, temporal, parietal, and frontal brain regions. Most regional SUVRs showed significantly higher uptake of 18F-AV1451 in AD than MCI and CN participants. SUVRs of small regions like amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus were statistically improved by PVC in all groups (p < 0.01). Although there was an increasing tendency of 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs in MCI group compared with CN group, no significant difference of 18F-AV1451 deposition was found between CN and MCI brains with or without PVC (p > 0.05). Declined MMSE score was observed with increasing 18F-AV1451 binding in amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, and fusiform. CSF p-tau was positively correlated with 18F-AV1451 deposition. PVC improved the results of 18F-AV-1451 tau deposition and correlation studies in small brain regions.Conclusion: The typical deposition of 18F-AV1451 tau PET imaging in AD brain was found in amygdala, entorhinal cortex, fusiform and parahippocampus, and these regions were strongly associated with cognitive impairment and CSF biomarkers. Although more deposition was observed in MCI group, the 18F-AV-1451 PET imaging could not differentiate the MCI patients from CN population. More tau deposition related to decreased MMSE score and increased level of CSF p-tau, especially in ROIs of amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus. PVC did improve the results of tau deposition and correlation studies in small brain regions and suggest to be routinely used in 18F-AV1451 tau PET quantification.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. 2015 Status Report on Major Defence Equipment Procurements

Author

David Perry

Subjects
Political institutions and public administration (General), JF20-2112
Abstract

Federal elections may be good for democracy, but the campaigns — particularly the lengthy one recently held in Canada — can be crippling for plans to better arm our military. Just before the election was called, there were public signs of important progress being made in what has long been a frustratingly slow and bureaucratically complex procurement process. But then the campaign left the Department of National Defence and other federal departments unable to secure approvals from either a defence minister or the Treasury Board, until the election ended and the new prime minister appointed the current cabinet. There had already been upheaval prior to that: In the first seven months of 2015, the three senior leaders at the Canadian Forces and the Defence Department (including the minister) had been replaced, along with many other people critical to the procurement process. In addition, there had been changes in the Public Works Department and the Defence Procurement Strategy Secretariat. Frustrating and disappointing delays have long been a matter of course in Canada’s defence procurement process. In 2014/15, the number of ministerial or Treasury Board approvals to allow projects to proceed was half of that in 2009/10. Yet the demand for approvals has not abated. In addition to the turnover of key figures involved in the procurement and approval process, delays have come from a number of major steps added to the process, making an already lengthy and complex system even more so. To be sure, these steps were added in the pursuit of improved financial management and project management, with the aim of addressing longstanding problems. But it will take years to see if those objectives have been realized. An irony here is that the budget for military procurement has increased. Between 2004 and 2009, the Defence Department’s procurement budget nearly doubled. But the funding was never matched by the capacity to manage it. In 2003, the Material Group had a ratio of 2,600 staff for every $1 billion in procurement funds. By 2009, the ratio had become 1,800 staff for every $1 billion in procurement funds. Since then, the ratio has only gotten substantially worse. New systems now require extensive analysis to determine if a more intensive Treasury Board review is required. A recently created panel designed to provide a “third-party challenge function” on requirements for major procurements has created some confusion among officials as to what documentation they should be producing to support procurement initiatives. And the panel’s terms of reference are extensive, ranging from evaluating a project’s alignment with government policy and the level of its fit with allies’ capabilities, to the role of Canadian suppliers and the anticipated support concept. Still, there are some indications that changes enacted in 2014 to the procurement process may eventually help mitigate delays in the future. There are continual improvements being made to the way the Defence Department conducts project costing as well as how the Treasury Board Secretariat evaluates the costs, which will help improve the compatibility between estimates and newly introduced frameworks. New methods of better prioritizing projects have also been introduced. And there are plans underway intended to reduce the time involved in the department’s internal approval processes. For now, however, these attempts at improvement have been focused on the lower-dollar-figure approvals done by the minister. It remains to be seen if, first, they work, and secondly, if they can then be used to facilitate Treasury Board approvals, as well.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results