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Atraphaxis pyrifolia, a native medicinal plant of Central Asia, has a long history of traditional medicinal use; however, scientific research on its phytochemical and biological properties remains scarce. This paper aims to elucidate its chemical profile and assess its pharmacological potential through a comprehensive investigation of the phytochemical composition of stems and leaves using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), in conjunction with the assessment of its antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS) and cytotoxicity test on Artemia salina. Predominantly, glycosylated flavonoids were detected in stems and leaves extracts, notably including 8-Acetoxy-3′,4′,5,5′-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxy-3-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyloxyflavone, pyrifolin, and dehydroxypyrifolin. While the latter compound is exclusive to A. pyrifolia, the former compounds serve as shared chemical markers with other Atraphaxis species. The methanolic extracts of A. pyrifolia leaves exhibited significant antioxidant capacity without toxicity against Artemia salina. This study contributes to current research through providing valuable insights into the chemical diversity and potential medicinal properties of this plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim. Public-private partnership is a qualitative method of accelerating the growth rate of the country S economy and its individual components. However, it is also important to skillfully apply the features of this method, assessing the peculiarities of the functioning of a particular country or sector. This makes it relevant to consider the specifics of public-private partnerships in the Republic of Kazakhstan and, in particular, in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, the main purpose of the study was to assess the peculiarities of the development of the pharmaceutical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the impact of public-private partnerships on it. This includes understanding the role public-private partnerships play in enhancing the efficiency and innovation of the industry. Materials and methods. This study focuses specifically on the Republic of Kazakhstan, as the public-private partnership model varies significantly across countries. The main methods used were analysis, historical method, deduction, and modelling. The specific legislative framework, local economic conditions, and the unique challenges of Kazakhstan's pharmaceutical sector were considered to provide relevant insights. Results. The authors showed that this area is actively developing; every year, many projects are implemented in various sectors of the economy with the help of this type of interaction. Certain results are also observed in the healthcare industry, which borders the pharmaceutical industry. However, in the context of the production of medicines or the latest technologies, there are certain problems. This industry receives insufficient investment, which is why it does not have the opportunity to develop effectively. This indicates the urgency of more decisive state intervention, including through the use of public-private partnerships. In addition, the study describes some projects that have already been implemented in Kazakhstan and shows the benefits that the state has achieved from their implementation. Conclusions. The paper brings new knowledge in the context of the investigation of public-private partnership as a method of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the economy as a whole, and also allows for a better understanding of some features of the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole and its pharmaceutical industry in particular [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the results of the study of the chemical composition of Sorbus aucuparia L. CO2 subcritical extract. For the first time in Kazakhstan, 20 grams of brown Sorbus aucuparia L. extract were collected using subcritical carbon dioxide extraction. The current study was directed mainly to the chemical compositions of subcritical Sorbus aucuparia L. CO2 subcritical extract. The Sorbus aucuparia L. extract's chemical compositions were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The extract included the following main compounds: 5-Methyl-2(3H)-furanone (30.18 %), 5-(3-Ethoxy-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (3.20 %), 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (2.53 %). Determined fatty acid profile and the moisture content of raw vegetable ingredients of Sorbus substance. Quantitative determination of fatty acids of ethanol extract was carried out. The results of the analysis for fatty acids in the study showed that linoleic (37.7 %) and oleic (50.5 %) were the most prominent fatty acids. The aim of this study is to determine the component composition by using the GC-MS method and fatty acid to study the Sorbus aucuparia L. extract obtained by CO2 extraction, which grows in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. To determine the possibility of using Sorbus aucuparia L., we carried out the composition and fatty acid of the extract obtained by CO2 extraction in subcritical conditions of Sorbus aucuparia L. by a certain GC-MS method. Results. The raw materials of the plant were collected in accordance with GACP requirements. Conducted subcritical CO2 extraction of plant raw materials showed a 20 g extraction yield. Chemical compounds were discovered, bioactive components were identified, such as 5-Methyl-2(3H)-furanone (30.18 %), 5-(3-Ethoxy-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (3.20 %), 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (2.53 %). Conclusions. The possibility of using the obtained CO2 extract of Sorbus aucuparia L. in the field of pharmaceutical products as a substance and a drug [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of hospitalised patients with cardiomyopathy (CM) treated with a fixed dose combination (FDC) of sacubitril/valsartan, or standard therapy in Kazakhstan during or after COVID-19. This is an observational study of patients with incidents of CM that require hospitalisation during or after a COVID-19 infection. QoL was evaluated with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-12) during admission. Demographic and other characteristics of the patients were analysed for both patient groups: on standard therapy and on FDC therapy with sacubitril/valsartan. Patients on standard therapy tended to be older and had a higher relative share of previous cardiac surgery. The vaccination rate is low in general and was lower in the group on standard therapy. The QoL between the two groups was significantly higher in the group on FDC therapy. No statistically significant difference in the QoL between males and females was found. The vaccination status also does not influence the QoL. Patients with prior surgery possess a higher quality of life. QoL in younger patients is higher. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between age and QoL, and with the increase in age over one year, the quality of life will decrease by 0.3622 points. Sacubitril/valsartan is associated with higher QoL in hospitalised patients with CM during or after COVID-19. QoL is correlated with age. Vaccination does not affect QoL, but patients with prior cardiac surgeries possess a higher QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 2 different therapies of cardiomyopathy (CM) after COVID -19. The focus of the study is fixed dose combination (FDC) of sacubitril/valsartan and standard therapy in Kazakhstan. This is written from the point of view of the health insurance institution. Information for the age, gender, CM therapy, number of hospitalizations, COVID-19 infection, and past cardiovascular surgeries of 237 patients with incidents of CM which required a hospitalization after a COVID-19 infection was collected. Selected patients were divided into two groups: the cost of FDC and standard therapy and the annual cost of their therapy was calculated. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated by dividing the cost of medication therapy by the number of hospitalizations between the two compared groups. Robustness of the results was tested with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The study was performed in City cardiology centre of Almaty in Kazakhstan during 2020-2022. Results show that FDC is more costly but more effective, leading to fewer hospitalizations. ICER accounts for €-2,743.08 per hospitalization saved in the group on FDC vs standard of therapy. Sacubitril/valsartan is cost-effective in ambulatory conditions in comparison with standard therapy of cardiomyopathy after COVID-19 leading to savings due to the decrease in the number of hospitalizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lichen Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. has been used in traditional and modern medicines for its many biological properties such as immunological, immunomodulating, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This species is gaining popularity in the market, with interest from many industries for selling as medicines, dietary supplements, and daily herbal drinks. This study profiled the morpho-anatomical features by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy; conducted an elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; and phytochemical analysis was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with a liquid chromatography system (LC-DAD-QToF) of C. islandica. In total, 37 compounds were identified and characterized based on comparisons with the literature data, retention times, and their mass fragmentation mechanism/s. The identified compounds were classified under five different classes, i.e., depsidones, depsides, dibenzofurans, aliphatic acids, and others that contain simple organic acids in majority. Two major compounds (fumaroprotocetraric acid and cetraric acid) were identified in the aqueous ethanolic and ethanolic extracts of C. islandica lichen. This detailed morpho-anatomical, EDS spectroscopy, and the developed LC-DAD-QToF approach for C. islandica will be important for correct species identification and can serve as a useful tool for taxonomical validation and chemical characterization. Additionally, chemical study of the extract of C. islandica led to isolation and structural elucidation of nine compounds, namely cetraric acid (1), 9′-(O-methyl)protocetraric acid (2), usnic acid (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), oleic acid (5), palmitic acid (6), stearic acid (7), sucrose (8), and arabinitol (9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferula asafoetida L. has been studied for centuries by many scientists as food products and in traditional medicine, which are relevant for Kazakhstan as well. Recent studies have shown that Ferula asafoetida L. has neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, digestive enzymatic, antioxidant, antispasmodic, hypotensive, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antitumor, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic effects. The aim of this study is to determine the component composition by GC-MS method and to study the antimicrobial properties of Ferula asafoetida L. extract obtained by CO2 extraction, which grows in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. To determine the possibility of using Ferula asafoetida L., we carried out the component composition of the extract obtained by CO2 extraction in subcritical conditions of the underground part of Ferula asafoetida L. by a certain GC-MS method and also investigated the antimicrobial effect of this extract. Results. The plant raw materials were collected in accordance with GACP requirements. Conducted subcritical CO2 extraction of plant raw materials showed a 2.5 % extraction yield. The study of the component composition by GC-MS revealed 46.3 % of sulfate compounds. The determination of antimicrobial activities showed high efficacy against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger). Conclusions. The possibility of using the obtained CO2 extract of Ferula asafoetida L. in the field of pharmaceutical products as a substance and a drug that has a huge antimicrobial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kazakhstan flora is rich in promising little-studied plants that are used in folk medicine, but additional deep research is required for their introduction into medical practice with the help of modern scientific techniques. An interesting object for introduction into the official medical and pharmaceutical practice is the Alfredia Nivea Kar. & Kir, family Asteraceae, whose extracts have a neurotropic effect. The aim. Regarding mentioned above, in order to create new medicines based on the grass of the Alfredia nivea, it is necessary to develop methods of its macro and microscopic identification. Materials and methods. Macro- and microscopic studies of the grass of Alfredia nivea were carried out in accordance with the methodology of SPhU 2.8.23 "Microscopic examination of medicinal vegetable raw materials". Macroscopic studies were performed using magnifying glass and binocular microscope MBS-9, microscopic-using MS Microscopes 10 (eyepiece X5, X10, X15, lenses x10, x40), micromed XS-4130 (WF15X, Opera, lens X40/0, 65, x10/0,25) with microphoto addon (China). Results. The morphological and anatomical features of the Alfredia nivea grass. Diagnostic features of the structure of stems, leaves and flowers of this species were revealed. Conclusions. The macroscopic and anatomical identification parameters of the grass of the Alfredia of Snow. The study of the morphological and anatomical features of the stems, leaves and flowers of Alfredia nivea, considering the requirements of European pharmacopoeia. Diagnostic features of the structure of stems, leaves and flowers of the species were found, which were used as key quality indicators for standardization and identification of raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine colostrum (BC) is rich in many vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant substances. Its supplementation provides health benefits, particularly for athletes. This systematic review was carried out to update on the benefit of BC or its formulations (e.g., colostrinin) on the cognitive functions or their related biomarkers in experimental and human studies. Full texts or abstracts of 219 articles as reports of narrative or systematic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, observational studies, and experimental studies (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) were included after searches in PubMed, Europe PMC, Google scholar databases. The full texts of eligible articles (25 articles) were assessed and their results were summarized in different categories according to the study design. Bovine colostrum or its related formulations have been shown to be useful as they improve cognitive functions and their biomarkers. Compatible results were observed in experimental and human studies. Further studies are mandatory to elucidate the rationale for using (BC) in healthy subjects and patients with impaired of cognitive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants remain as an important resource in the fight against many diseases, especially in developing countries. Antioxidants are substances capable of delaying, retarding, and preventing the oxidation of lipids or substances that delay or prevent free radical reactions during lipid oxidation. Natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids are a safe alternative to chemical antioxidants. In present work, results of antioxidant activity of raw materials from the cultivated plant Portulaca oleracea are presented. The extraction time was optimized to 780 minutes; the yield of extractive substances was 1.25% in the production of CO2 extract under subcritical conditions. For the first time, the antioxidant activity of Portulaca oleracea CO2 extract was determined by the amperometric method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chemical analysis of Portulaca oleracea CO2 extract dissolved in hexane revealed 37 components, including a complex mixture of aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, esters, diterpenes, steroids, vitamin E, and carbohydrates. The investigation results showed that the Portulaca oleracea CO2 extract was promising for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries and had great potential for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medicine of many countries, the use of herbal healing agents included a significant contribution to improving human health and well-being. Many antibiotics have been widely used to treat infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria. However, increased multidrug resistance has led to increased severity of diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. Bacteria remain the main causative agents of diseases that cause human death, even in the present day. This cause prompted scientists to investigate alternative new molecules against bacterial strains. The significant interest for the study is Portulaca oleracea L. (family Portulacaceae), a widespread annual plant used in folk medicine. Thus, the production and study of CO2 extract of Portulaca oleracea is an actual problem. Methods. Raw materials were collected from Almaty and Zhambyl regions (Southeast and South Kazakhstan) in phase flowering. Portulaca oleracea herb's CO2 extract was obtained by subcritical carbon dioxide extraction (installation of carbon dioxide flow-through extraction- 5L). The Wiley 7th edition and NIST'02 library were used to identify the mass spectra obtained. The antimicrobial activity study was conducted by the micromethod of serial dilution and disco-diffuse method. Standard test strains of microorganisms were used: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Results. The use of carbon dioxide extraction (further CO2 extract) is a promising direction of obtaining total medicinal substances containing biologically active substances, from fractions of volatile esters of various composition and functional purpose until a fraction of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. In the current study, we obtained CO2 extract at subcritical conditions from aboveground organs of Portulaca oleracea and investigated the component composition for the first time. From 41 to 66 components were identified in the composition of Portulaca oleracea's CO2 extract. Studies of antimicrobial activity showed that CO2 extract of Portulaca oleracea had the expressed effect against clinically significant microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. Conclusions. This study showed that CO2 extract of Portulaca oleracea's raw material contained biological active compounds exhibiting a significant antimicrobial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2(C6H15N2O2)+ 2I3-H2O iodine coordination complex is a new pharmaceutical substance that has high antibacterial activity against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mutagenicity of 2(C6H15N2O2)+ 2I3-H2O iodine coordination complex was assessed using Salmonella/microsome (Ames) test. Tester strains used were Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA 1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. The mutagenic activity was determined both in the absence or presence of S9 mixture. The study has shown that test item did not cause any increase in the number of his+ revertants in S. typhimurium and trp+revertants in E. coli WP2uvrA strains in the presence or absence of S9-mix, compared to the controls. Under the conditions of this test and according to the criteria set for the evaluation of the test results, the 2(C6H15N2O2)+ 2I3-H2O iodine coordination complex did not show mutagenic activity in the S. typhimurium and E. coli plate incorporation assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrimonia asiatica is a perennial plant with deep green color and covered with soft hairs and has a slightly aromatic odor. This genus Agrimonia has been used in traditional medicines of China, Greece, and European countries. It was mainly used as a haemostatic, a tonic for asthenia, and an astringent for diarrhea. Agrimony is part of the division Magnoliophyta; class is represented by order Rosales, family Rosaceae, of the genus Agrimonia. Family Rosaceae-or pink eels-is one of the largest families of flowering plants, including about 100 genera and 3000 species. Rosaceae is common in almost all areas of the globe where flowering plants can grow, but most of them are concentrated in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic extract of A. asiatica led to isolation of four flavonoid derivatives (kaempferol-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3-O-kaempherol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucosopyranoside, and catechin) alongside of sucrose. All the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. We also studied the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. asiatica. The essential oil constituents from the aerial part of A. asiatica were obtained using a steam-distillation method in wild growing conditions in Kazakhstan. The essential oil extracted from the aerial part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and its major components amounting to 100% were found to be β-selinene (36.370%), α-panasinsene (21.720%), hexadecanoic acid (7.839%), and 1,2-nonadiene (6.199%). Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae family) is a world-wide grown plant known as chicory. In traditional medicine, this plant is used as diuretic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, cardiotonic and liver tonic. Chromatographic purification of the supercritical fluid extract of aerial parts of C. intybus on silica gel column led to isolation of three compounds: new compound, 28β-hydroxytaraxasterol (I), and two known compounds usnic acid (II) and β-sitosterol (III). Purification of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant on silica gel column chromatography yielded four compounds: 1,3-dioleylglycerate (IV), sitoindoside II (V), 11β-13-dihydrolactucin (VI) and β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (VII). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by their 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectral data. All the fractions and isolated compounds were tested for cannabinoid and opioid receptor binding, as well as antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activities. Compound I showed moderate activity (60.5% displacement) towards CB1 receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants remain as an important resource in the fight against many diseases, especially in developing countries. Antioxidants are substances capable of delaying, retarding, and preventing the oxidation of lipids or substances that delay or prevent free radical reactions during lipid oxidation. Natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids are a safe alternative to chemical antioxidants. In present work, results of antioxidant activity of raw materials from the cultivated plant Portulaca oleracea are presented. The extraction time was optimized to 780 minutes; the yield of extractive substances was 1.25% in the production of CO 2 extract under subcritical conditions. For the first time, the antioxidant activity of Portulaca oleracea CO 2 extract was determined by the amperometric method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chemical analysis of Portulaca oleracea CO 2 extract dissolved in hexane revealed 37 components, including a complex mixture of aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, esters, diterpenes, steroids, vitamin E, and carbohydrates. The investigation results showed that the Portulaca oleracea CO 2 extract was promising for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries and had great potential for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Meruyert I. Tleubayeva et al.)

In the medicine of many countries, the use of herbal healing agents included a significant contribution to improving human health and well-being. Many antibiotics have been widely used to treat infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria. However, increased multidrug resistance has led to increased severity of diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. Bacteria remain the main causative agents of diseases that cause human death, even in the present day. This cause prompted scientists to investigate alternative new molecules against bacterial strains. The significant interest for the study is Portulaca oleracea L. (family Portulacaceae ), a widespread annual plant used in folk medicine. Thus, the production and study of CO 2 extract of Portulaca oleracea is an actual problem. Methods . Raw materials were collected from Almaty and Zhambyl regions (Southeast and South Kazakhstan) in phase flowering. Portulaca oleracea herb's CO 2 extract was obtained by subcritical carbon dioxide extraction (installation of carbon dioxide flow-through extraction- 5L). The Wiley 7 th edition and NIST'02 library were used to identify the mass spectra obtained. The antimicrobial activity study was conducted by the micromethod of serial dilution and disco-diffuse method. Standard test strains of microorganisms were used: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Results . The use of carbon dioxide extraction (further CO 2 extract) is a promising direction of obtaining total medicinal substances containing biologically active substances, from fractions of volatile esters of various composition and functional purpose until a fraction of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. In the current study, we obtained CO 2 extract at subcritical conditions from aboveground organs of Portulaca oleracea and investigated the component composition for the first time. From 41 to 66 components were identified in the composition of Portulaca oleracea 's CO 2 extract. Studies of antimicrobial activity showed that CO 2 extract of Portulaca oleracea had the expressed effect against clinically significant microorganisms such as Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , and Candida albicans . Conclusions . This study showed that CO 2 extract of Portulaca oleracea 's raw material contained biological active compounds exhibiting a significant antimicrobial effect., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article., (Copyright © 2021 Meruyert I. Tleubayeva et al.)

Agrimonia asiatica is a perennial plant with deep green color and covered with soft hairs and has a slightly aromatic odor. This genus Agrimonia has been used in traditional medicines of China, Greece, and European countries. It was mainly used as a haemostatic, a tonic for asthenia, and an astringent for diarrhea. Agrimony is part of the division Magnoliophyta; class is represented by order Rosales, family Rosaceae, of the genus Agrimonia . Family Rosaceae-or pink eels-is one of the largest families of flowering plants, including about 100 genera and 3000 species. Rosaceae is common in almost all areas of the globe where flowering plants can grow, but most of them are concentrated in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic extract of A. asiatica led to isolation of four flavonoid derivatives (kaempferol-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-O- α -arabinofuranosyl- β -D-galactopyranoside, 3-O-kaempherol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)- β -D-glucosopyranoside, and catechin) alongside of sucrose. All the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. We also studied the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. asiatica . The essential oil constituents from the aerial part of A. asiatica were obtained using a steam-distillation method in wild growing conditions in Kazakhstan. The essential oil extracted from the aerial part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and its major components amounting to 100% were found to be β -selinene (36.370%), α -panasinsene (21.720%), hexadecanoic acid (7.839%), and 1,2-nonadiene (6.199%). Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Raushan A. Kozykeyeva et al.)

Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae family) is a world-wide grown plant known as chicory. In traditional medicine, this plant is used as diuretic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, cardiotonic and liver tonic. Chromatographic purification of the supercritical fluid extract of aerial parts of C. intybus on silica gel column led to isolation of three compounds: new compound, 28β-hydroxytaraxasterol (I), and two known compounds usnic acid (II) and β-sitosterol (III). Purification of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant on silica gel column chromatography yielded four compounds: 1,3-dioleylglycerate (IV), sitoindoside II (V), 11β-13-dihydrolactucin (VI) and β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (VII). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by their 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectral data. All the fractions and isolated compounds were tested for cannabinoid and opioid receptor binding, as well as antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activities. Compound I showed moderate activity (60.5% displacement) towards CB1 receptor.