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Introduction: Micro vasculature of kidney undergoes a continual and mutually dependent developmental changes through which obtains its structural and functional maturity. It is very important to know the normal developmental anatomy of kidney micro vasculature in prenatal diagnosis of renal anomalies, genetic counseling and treatment of prenatal renal disorders like Wilm’s tumor, multicystic renal dysplasia. Present study was undertaken to study the micro vasculature of the kidney at different stages of development during fetal life. Materials And Method: The present study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. The material for the study consisted of 60 spontaneously aborted and still born human fetal specimens free from any gross congenital anomalies with gestational age between 11th to 38thweeks were collected from Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, RIMS after taking permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee and categorized into 4 groups as Group-A(11-20 weeks), Group-B(21-27 weeks),Group- C(28-33 week), Group-D(34-38 weeks) .The kidneys were taken out from fetal specimens, fixed, processed, stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, observed under the Microscope and micro photographed. Conclusion: Knowledge on microvascular development on fetal kidney will be helpful for possible intervention in prematurely delivered normal baby with possible prognosis as premature delivery is very common now a days and also in prenatal diagnosis of kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deaths due to high end machineries like guns and sophisticated explosives are on increasing trends with throughout the world. Such deaths lead to high morbidity and mortality in the human society. The present study was conducted to explore various socio demographic characters of victims and medicolegal aspects related to firearm and explosive injuries death. This was a descriptive cross sectional autopsy based study of all firearm and bomb blast injury deaths brought to mortuary of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal Manipur during the period from October 2013 to August 2015. In this study a total of 46 cases of firearm and explosives death during the study period was analysed in various medico-legal aspects. Rifled firearm and bomb blast was commonest weapon employed. Multiple injuries and head injuries were commonest cause of death. The trends of death might help the law enforcement authorities and Government to take proactive steps to curb this menace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Death due to domestic violence is an issue throughout the country and the world and Manipur is not an exception. Violence ranges from mental torture to physical and ultimately to death. Victims are man to man, man to women and women to men but the majority of cases, women are the most sufferers along with morbidity and mortalities. This retrospective analysis is targeted to dig out the actual scenario of the state. Objective: To find out the socio-demographic profile of domestic violence death cases, different mode of killing, motives, patterns of injuries & cause of death etc. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective autopsy based study of deaths due to domestic violence is conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal Manipur during the period from the year 2004 to 2013. Results: In this study a total of 61 cases of domestic violence deaths out of 4313 cases of postmortem during the study period is analysed in various medico-legal aspects. The maximum deaths were among males and reported against the 2nd & 3rd decade's age group and land disputes and personal violence were the common reason for such fatalities. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that deaths out of domestic violence are of increasing trend in all format of society all over the state. Strict legislation and appropriate implementation existing law and order is need of the hour and further laws are to be adopted to curb this menace of the society is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Death due to homicide is on rise throughout the world and methods or means and motives getting modified with the modernization. The autopsy based studies with analysis of existing medico legal data from hospital, inquest papers from investigating authority and the crime scene reports would help to get better perspectives of the homicidal patterns in a defined population. Objective: To find out the demographic profile of homicide cases, different means of methods, motives, types of weapon used, patterns of injuries & cause of death etc. Materials and Methods: A descriptive autopsy based study of homicidal deaths brought to mortuary of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal Manipur during the period from September, 2013 to July, 2015. Results: in this study a total of 97 cases of homicide out of 590 cases of postmortem during the study period is analysed in various points. The maximum homicides were among males and reported against the 3rd &4th decade age group and died due to haemorrhage & Shock followed by head injury with intracranial haemorrhage etc. and most commonly in Meitei Community and commonly by unknown perpetrators and occurred on roadside with the terrorism as the main motive. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that homicidal deaths are following decreasing trend as compared with the previous years' data. Up to date knowledge of the prevailing trends of homicide may help the law makers in preventing homicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study was undertaken to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from livestock in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The GHG emission inventory of livestock in Bangladesh was estimated according to the tier 1 approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using livestock population data from 2005 to 2018. It was also extrapolated for the next three decades, according to the growth of the livestock population. Results: According to the calculation, the GHG emission from livestock was 66,586 Gg/year CO2 equivalent (CO2e) in 2018. This emission may rise to 69,869, 80,618, 94,638, and 113,098 Gg/year CO2e in 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. The share of enteric methane, manure methane, direct nitrous oxide emission, and indirect nitrous oxide emission in the total GHG emissions represented 44.0%, 3.6%, 51.5%, and 0.9%, respectively, in 2018. It may arise at a rate of 1.54%-1.74% annually until 2050. Conclusion: The GHG inventory may guide professionals to formulate and undertake the effective mitigation measures of GHG emissions from livestock in Bangladesh. However, this inventory can be amended following the tier 2 approach recommended by the IPCC if necessary data are available at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a 5-yr study on adolescent deaths in Imphal during the period 2009-13. The aim of the study is to find out the incidence, the profile of the victims and the circumstances of the deaths so as to analyze the precipitating factors and to suggest preventive measures. From the study it is found that road traffic accidents are the major causes followed by homicide with firearm injuries and suicide by hanging and poisoning. The high volume of traffic and the total chaos on the roads regarding traffic rules seem to be a major factor. As to the firearm deaths, the place is an insurgency infested region and rampant killing in the name of insurgency control is the rule of the day. Strict law enforcement and proper counseling of the youths can make a big difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pupal stages of Simulium were collected and identified from various breeding habitats of twelve locations in northeastern India. Simulium flies, while attempting to land on human were collected between 07:00-17:00 hrs to understand the biting pattern. Seven species belonging to three sub-genera, Eusimulium (1), Gomphostilbia (1) and Simulium (5) belonging genus Simulium were encountered. Out of total seven species recorded, S. (E) aureohirtum, S. (G) tenuistylum and S. (S) rufibasis were predominant and shared 30.3%, 29.9% and 27.6% of total collection. Stream breeding habitat contributed 47.3% of total catch and was found to be preferred breeding habitat (p < 0.0001). S. (S) christophersi and S. (G) tenuistylum were recorded for the first time from the northeastern region of India. Simuliids biting rhythm showed bimodal pattern and were more active during sunny day (p < 0.0001). Microscopic dissection of simuliids (n = 266) did not incriminate simuliids as vector of onchocerciasis.