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This study aimed to integrate analyses of structural variations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the beef fatty acid (FA) profile in Nellore cattle. Copy numbers variation (CNV) detection was performed using the penncnv algorithm and CNVRuler software in 3794 genotyped animals through the High-Density Bovine BeadChip. In order to perform the genomic wide association study (GWAS), a total of 963 genotyped animals were selected to obtain the intramuscular lipid concentration and quantify the beef FA profile. A total of 48 animals belonging to the same farm and management lot were extracted from the 963 genotyped and phenotyped animals to carry out the transcriptomic and differentially expressed gene analyses. The GWAS with extreme groups of FA profiles was performed using a logistic model. A total of 43, 42, 66 and 35 significant CNV regions (p 0.05) for saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega 3 and 6 fatty acids were identified respectively. The paired-end sequencing of 48 samples was performed using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to validate the DEGs identified by RNA-seq analysis. The results showed several DEGs associated with the FA profile of Longissimus thoracis, such as BSCL2 and SAMD8. Enriched terms as the cellular response to corticosteroid (GO:0071384) and glucocorticoid stimulus (GO:0071385) could be highlighted. The identification of structural variations harboring candidate genes for beef FA must contribute to the elucidation of the genetic basis that determines the beef FA composition of intramuscular fat in Nellore cattle. Our results will contribute to the identification of potential biomarkers for complex phenotypes, such as the FA profile, to improve the reliability of the genomic predictions including pre-selected variants using differentiated weighting in the genomic models.

O diabetes mellitus é considerado um problema de saúde global caracterizado pela hiperglicemia. A terapia nutricional vem sendo fundamental para a obtenção do bom controle glicêmico tornando-se decisiva para o sucesso do tratamento farmacológico. Neste contexto, este estudo objetivou a discussão sobre a alimentação consciente (mindful eating) e como ela pode ser benéfica no gerenciamento do diabetes. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo e Google Acadêmico com os seguintes descritores em inglês (DeCS/MeSH): “diabetes mellitus”, “mindful eating”, “nutrition” e “treatament”. Foram incluídos para a síntese 5 estudos no qual apresentaram-se maiores detalhes sobre a “aplicação da alimentação consciente em pacientes diabéticos”. A maioria dos estudos tinha número amostral superior à 20 pessoas. Os pacientes, em sua maioria, foram diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 e obesidade. Os estudos aplicaram técnicas que ensinaram os pacientes a comer de forma consciente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a idade avançada vem sendo relacionada como fator independente associado a altos níveis de alimentação consciente, além disso, níveis mais altos de atenção plena foram relacionados a um menor e mais contido comportamento alimentar externo e emocional em adultos diabéticos. Os achados sugerem que essa abordagem pode ser uma estratégia promissora no auxílio do tratamento no diabetes. No entanto, a realização de estudos prospectivos e/ou experimentais são necessários para melhor compreender como a consciência alimentar pode atuar no tratamento da doença.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T16:02:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Despite several studies on genetic markers and differentially expressed genes related to ribeye area (REA) and tenderness traits in beef cattle, there is divergence in the results regarding the genes associated with these traits. Thirteen genes associated with or exhibiting biological functions that might influence such phenotypes were included in this study. A total of five genes for REA (IGF-1, IGF-2, MSTN, NEDD4, and UBE4A) and eight genes for meat tenderness (CAPN1, CAPN2, CAST, HSPB1, DNAJA1, FABP4, SCD, and PRKAG3) were selected from previous studies on beef cattle. Genes and their respective proteins expression were validated in a commercial population of Nellore cattle using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and advanced mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) techniques, respectively. The MSTN gene was upregulated in animals with low REA. The CAPN1, CAPN2, CAST, HSPB1, and DNAJA1 genes were upregulated in animals with tough meat. The proteins translated by these genes were not differentially expressed. Our results confirm the potential of some of the studied genes as biomarkers for carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore cattle. Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) MG, José do Rosário Vellano University Department of Animal Science University of Wisconsin WI Faculty of Animal Science Federal University of Grande Dourados MS Faculty of Biological Sciences Federal University of Grande Dourados MS Department of Technology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Technology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The marbling rate evaluation is difficult and expensive, requiring slaughter of the animal or ultrasound measurement. Thus, this trait is generally not included in animal breeding programs. The use of molecular techniques to elucidate intramuscular fat deposition may help improve this trait. In this respect, transcriptome studies and differential gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq can contribute to advances in this area. The objective of this study was to use RNA-Seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in muscle tissue (longissimus thoracis) of Nellore cattle divergently ranked on marbling, in order to increase our understanding of genes involved in the expression of this trait. The results revealed 49 DEGs and three hub genes (CISH, UFM1, TSHZ1), all of them involved in insulin and diabetes mellitus metabolism. These results indicating key genes and pathways, which may help to develop strategies designed to select animals with greater marbling. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) CNPq Brasilia São Paulo State University (Unesp) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science FAPESP: 2009/16118-5 FAPESP: 2013/09190-7

Supplementary material.This study aimed to build gene–biological processes networks with candidate differentially expressed genes associated with economic important traits of the Nellore cattle from 17 previous studies.&nbsp

Objetivo: Determinar como a pandemia de COVID-19 impulsionou o aumento de casos de Síndrome de Burnout nos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura e foi realizada nas bases de dados, MEDLINE pela biblioteca virtual da Saúde, na PUBMED, Scielo e LILACS usando descritores: COVID-19 / Burnout / Esgotamento Profissional, Profissional da saúde / Saúde mental / Pandemia. Resultados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos para essa revisão. A partir da análise dos artigos nota-se a importância de se identificar os distúrbios de saúde mental do trabalhador da área da saúde, distúrbios esses, em que a maioria dos artigos mostram um agravamento devido à pandemia de COVID-19. Considerações finais: Os resultados dos artigos mostram que o agravo da saúde mental nos trabalhadores da saúde e o aumento do número de casos de Síndrome de Burnout. Assim, priorizar o bem-estar mental é importante para amenizar os efeitos da pandemia em relação a Síndrome de Burnout para que assim os trabalhadores consigam exercer suas funções e entregar melhor desempenho.

A Síndrome de Down (SD) está relacionada com anomalias das vias respiratórias, cardiovasculares, sensoriais (órgãos), gastrointestinais, hematológicas, sistemas imunológico, renal e geniturinário. O presente trabalho analisa perfil de casos de SD em APAE’s (Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais) localizadas em cidades do Sul de Minas Gerais (Machado, Varginha e Ilicínea). Foi obtido dados através de questionário, o qual apresentava: diagnóstico, idade, sexo, naturalidade do paciente portador, história da doença atual, história patológica pregressa, história fisiológica, história familiar e história social. Os dados foram tabulados e todas as variáveis foram analisadas descritivamente. A amostragem contemplou 42 participantes, com idades variadas (mínima: 4 meses; máxima: 43 anos). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram 25 pessoas do sexo masculino e 17 do sexo feminino. Observou idade materna mínima na hora do parto de 19 anos e a máxima de 45 anos, e a maioria eram da faixa-etária de 30 à 39 anos. Em história patológica pregressa, constatou 10 participantes cardiopata, 9 com alterações fonoaudiológicas, 6 com hipotireoidismo. Estavam ausentes: alterações gastrointestinais, hematológicas, imunológicas, renal e geniturinária. Em relação a história social, apenas 2 apresentavam dificuldades de socialização. A maioria dos avaliados apresentou dificuldade psicomotora, porém com comportamentos calmos e com boa interação social. Os resultados desta pesquisa permitiram obter informações epidemiológicas e clínicas, visando antecipar a detecção de complicações em populações com SD em risco e reduzir a taxa de mortalidade, principalmente em crianças. El síndrome de Down (SD) está relacionado con anomalías de los sistemas respiratorio, cardiovascular, sensorial (órganos), gastrointestinal, hematológico, inmunológico, renal y genitourinario. El presente trabajo analiza el perfil de casos de SD en APAE's (Asociación de Padres y Amigos de los Excepcionales) ubicadas en ciudades del Sur de Minas Gerais (Machado, Varginha e Ilicínea). Los datos se obtuvieron a través de un cuestionario, en que figuraban: diagnóstico, edad, sexo, lugar de nacimiento, antecedentes de la enfermedad, antecedentes patológicos anteriores, antecedentes fisiológicos, antecedentes familiares y antecedentes sociales. Los datos se tabularon y todas las variables se analizaron de forma descriptiva. La muestra estaba compuesta por 42 participantes, con edades variadas (mínimo: 4 meses; máximo: 43 años). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron 25 hombres y 17 mujeres. Se observó que la edad materna mínima en el momento del parto era de 19 años y la máxima de 45 años, y la mayoría eran de la franja etaria de 30 a 39 años. En los antecedentes patológicos, 10 participantes tenían enfermedades cardíacas, 9 tenían alteraciones fonoaudiológicas, 6 tenían hipotiroidismo. Las alteraciones gastrointestinales, hematológicas, inmunológicas, renales y genitourinarias estaban ausentes. En cuanto a la historia social, sólo 2 presentaron dificultades de socialización. La mayoría de los evaluados presentaron dificultades psicomotoras, pero con un comportamiento tranquilo y una buena interacción social. Los resultados de esta investigación permitieron obtener información epidemiológica y clínica, con el objetivo de anticipar la detección de complicaciones en poblaciones con SD de riesgo y reducir la tasa de mortalidad, especialmente en niños. Down Syndrome (DS) is related to abnormalities of the respiratory, cardiovascular, sensory (organs), gastrointestinal, hematological, immune, renal, and genitourinary systems. The present work analyzes the profile of DS cases in APAE's (Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional) located in cities in southern Minas Gerais (Machado, Varginha and Ilicínea). Data was obtained through a questionnaire, which showed: diagnosis, age, sex, place of birth of the carrier patient, history of the current disease, past pathological history, physiological history, family history and social history. Data were tabulated and all variables were analyzed descriptively. The sample comprised 42 participants, with varied ages (minimum: 4 months; maximum: 43 years). The results obtained showed 25 males and 17 females. We observed a minimum maternal age at delivery of 19 years and a maximum of 45 years, and most were in the 30 to 39 age group. Past pathological history showed 10 participants with heart disease, 9 with phonoaudiological alterations, 6 with hypothyroidism. Gastrointestinal, hematological, immunological, renal, and genitourinary alterations were absent. Regarding social history, only 2 presented socialization difficulties. Most of those evaluated presented psychomotor difficulties, but with calm behavior and good social interaction. The results of this research allowed us to obtain epidemiological and clinical information, aiming to anticipate the detection of complications in populations with DS at risk and to reduce the mortality rate, especially in children.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T15:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The aim of this study was to identify mRNA isoforms and small genetic variants that may be affecting marbling and beef color in Nellore cattle. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples from 20 bulls with different phenotypes (out of 80 bulls set) for marbling (moderate (n = 10) and low (n = 10) groups) and beef color (desirable (n = 10) and undesirable (n = 9) group) traits were used to perform transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing. Fourteen and 15 mRNA isoforms were detected as differentially expressed (DE) (P-value ≤ 0.001) between divergent groups for marbling and meat color traits, respectively. Some of those DE mRNA isoforms have shown sites of splicing modified by small structural variants as single nucleotide variant (SNV), insertion, and/or deletion. Enrichment analysis identified metabolic pathways, such as O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes, tyrosine biosynthesis, and phenylalanine degradation. The results obtained suggest potential key regulatory genes associated with these economically important traits for the beef industry and for the consumer. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP

With an increasing demand for gyms, especially during summer, the risk of contamination rises despite preventive care. In many sports, exercising must require attention to hygiene, mainly due to great chances of contracting diseases. Staphylococcus aureus has widely spread caused by its ability to express various virulence factors, which can cause diseases ranging from simple to most severe infections as a pathogen. This paper investigates the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in equipment from a gym of physical activities in Alfenas-MG and identifies the appropriate level about the importance of cleaning equipment. In this study, three collections were carried out per equipment in different places, at three times; totaled 54 samples. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by sowing in Mannitol Salt Agar, medium coloration and colonial morphology, catalase, and coagulase tests. Twenty-nine samples obtained growth from the sowings, being positive for gram staining, catalase, and coagulase. In samples with micro-organisms (53.70%) and correspondents (50%), gym-goers did not clean the equipment, and the others (50%) only used the individual towel. Therefore, the measures that can decrease the incidence of micro-organisms, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, are disinfecting with 70% alcohol and disposable paper before and after manipulating equipment in a gym. Con mayor demanda, en determinada época del año; en verano, el riesgo de contaminación en los gimnasios aumenta incluso si la atención preventiva es simple. Como en muchos deportes, la práctica requiere mucha atención a la higiene, ya que las posibilidades de contraer enfermedades son grandes. El éxito de Staphylococcus aureus como patógeno se debe, en parte, a su capacidad para expresar una variedad de factores de virulencia, que pueden causar enfermedades que van desde una simple infección hasta las más graves. Con el objetivo principal de investigar el índice de Staphylococcus aureus en equipos de gimnasia de actividad física en Alfenas-MG e identificar el grado de conocimiento sobre la importancia de la limpieza de equipos, en este estudio se realizaron 3 recolecciones por equipos en diferentes ubicaciones, en 3 diferentes veces; totalizaron 54 muestras. Staphylococcus aureus se identificó mediante la siembra en Manitol Salt Agar, coloración media y morfología colonial, pruebas de catalasa y coagulasa. De las siembras, 29 muestras obtuvieron crecimiento, siendo positivas para tinción de Gram, catalasa y coagulasa. En muestras con microorganismos (53,70%) y encuestados (50%), asistentes al gimnasio, no realizan limpieza de equipos y los demás (50%) solo utilizan la toalla individual. Así, las medidas que pueden reducir la incidencia de microorganismos, especialmente Staphylococcus aureus, es el uso de alcohol al 70% y papel desechable antes y después de utilizar el equipo en el gimnasio. Com aumento da procura, numa determinada época do ano; no verão, o risco de contaminação em academias aumenta ainda que os cuidados de prevenção sejam simples. Assim como em diversos esportes, a prática requer muita atenção com a higiene, pois as chances de se contrair doenças são grandes. O sucesso de Staphylococcus aureus como um agente patogênico é, em parte, devido à sua capacidade de expressar uma variedade de fatores de virulência, podendo provocar doenças que vão desde uma infecção simples, até as mais graves. Tendo por objetivo central investigar o índice de Staphylococcus aureus em aparelhos de academia de atividades físicas de Alfenas-MG e identificar o grau de conhecimento sobre a importância da higienização dos equipamentos, no presente estudo, realizou-se 3 coletas por equipamento em diferentes locais, em 3 momentos distintos; totalizadas 54 amostras. A identificação de Staphylococcus aureus, realizou-se por semeadura em Ágar Sal Manitol, coloração do meio e morfologia colonial, provas de catalase e coagulase. Das semeaduras, 29 amostras obtiveram crescimento, sendo positivas para coloração de gram, catalase e coagulase. Nas amostras com micro-organismos (53,70%) e os entrevistados (50%), frequentadores da academia, não realizam higienização nos equipamentos e os demais (50%) só utilizam a toalha individual. Sendo assim, as medidas as quais podem diminuir a incidência de micro-organismos, em especial Staphylococcus aureus, é o uso de álcool 70% e papel descartável antes e após utilização do equipamento na academia.

Difficulty in communication and socialization are the main characteristics presented by individuals diagnosed with autism. For children and adolescents with autism to have a better inclusion and understanding of the contents covered in the classroom, several methodologies have been developed and used that include active ASD teaching and learning strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review to verify which educational interventions have been used to improve the cognitive and social development of children and adolescents diagnosed with autism. For this reason, a search for scientific articles published between the years 2015 and 2020 was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, and Medline databases. The research included only studies that aimed at social and educational interventions for children and adolescents (2 to 18 years old) with autism. In the bibliographic survey, 227 articles were found. From the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were evaluated in this systematic review. The studies addressed educational strategies that explored various aspects related to vision, hearing, smell, language, and sociability. The use of technological resources (applications, virtual games, video modeling, and robots) stimulated the cognitive and social development of the evaluated population. The results presented were favorable for the increase, mainly, in the frequency of non-verbal initiatives and the use of eye contact in responses to communication partners. La dificultad en la comunicación y socialización son las principales características que presentan las personas diagnosticadas con autismo. Para que los niños y adolescentes con autismo tengan una mejor inclusión y comprensión de los contenidos cubiertos en el aula, se han desarrollado y utilizado diversas metodologías que incluyen estrategias activas de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática para verificar qué intervenciones educativas se han utilizado para mejorar el desarrollo cognitivo y social de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con autismo. Por ello, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos publicados entre los años 2015 y 2020 en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMED, LILACS, Bireme y MEDLINE. La investigación incluyó solo estudios que tenían como objetivo intervenciones sociales y educativas para niños y adolescentes (de 2 a 18 años) con autismo. En el relevamiento bibliográfico se encontraron 227 artículos. A partir de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se evaluaron 16 artículos en esta revisión sistemática. Los estudios abordaron estrategias educativas que exploraron diversos aspectos relacionados con la visión, el oído, el olfato, el lenguaje y la sociabilidad. El uso de recursos tecnológicos (aplicaciones, juegos virtuales, modelado de video y robots) estimuló el desarrollo cognitivo y social de la población evaluada. Los resultados presentados fueron favorables para el incremento, principalmente, en la frecuencia de iniciativas no verbales y el uso del contacto visual en las respuestas a los interlocutores. La inclusión de diferentes modelos educativos asociados a los juegos lúdicos y el uso de recursos tecnológicos puede conducir a resultados satisfactorios en cuanto al desarrollo de habilidades, alfabetización e interacciones sociales en niños y adolescentes autistas. A dificuldade de comunicação e socialização são as principais características apresentadas por indivíduos diagnosticados com o autismo. Para que crianças e adolescentes com autismo tenham uma melhor inclusão e compreensão dos conteúdos abordados em sala de aula, têm-se desenvolvido e utilizado diversas metodologias que incluem estratégias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática para verificar quais as intervenções educacionais que têm sido usadas para melhoria do desenvolvimento cognitivo e social de crianças e adolescentes diagnosticadas com autismo. Para tanto, foi realizado a busca de artigos científicos publicados entre os anos 2015 e 2020, nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMED, LILACS, Bireme e MEDLINE. Na pesquisa foram incluídos apenas os estudos que visavam intervenções sociais e educacionais para crianças e adolescentes (2 a 18 anos) com autismo. No levantamento bibliográfico, 227 artigos foram encontrados. A partir da aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 16 artigos foram avaliados nesta revisão sistemática. Os estudos abordaram estratégias educacionais que exploraram vários aspectos relacionados à visão, audição, olfato, linguagem e sociabilidade. O uso de recursos tecnológicos (aplicativos, jogos virtuais, modelagem de vídeo e robôs) estimulou o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social da população avaliada. Os resultados apresentados foram favoráveis para o aumento, principalmente, na frequência de iniciativas não verbais e o uso do contato visual em respostas aos parceiros de comunicação. A inserção de diversos modelos educativos associadas às brincadeiras lúdicas e ao uso de recursos tecnológico podem acarretar em resultados satisfatórios acerca do desenvolvimento de habilidades, alfabetização e interações sociais em crianças e adolescentes autistas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a percepção da população sobre: 1) importância da imunização; 2) o conhecimento de metodologias (manipulação genética) usadas para produção de vacinas; 3) aceitação da vacina contra a COVID-19. Para tanto, foi disponibilizado um questionário online produzido via Google Forms. Esse formulário foi divulgado em diversos ambientes virtuais como: mídias acadêmicas e sociais. Ao longo de seis meses, foram obtidas 353 respostas. Nesta pesquisa foram obtidas respostas de participantes residentes em 14 Estados do Brasil. Considerando a investigação sobre as vacinas, os resultados mostraram que a maioria (90,6%) já se vacinaram, bem como seus familiares, e compreendem a importância da imunização. As técnicas de manipulação genéticas são complexas e mais difundidas no meio científico, por isso, observou-se que boa parte da população entrevistada não tem opinião formada sobre o assunto. A pesquisa mostrou que por causa do estado de calamidade causado pela pandemia, as pessoas tinham urgência na imunização, mesmo com desconfiança em aspectos como eficiência. Atualmente, percebe-se que a vacinação não impede o contágio com o vírus, mas minimiza os danos causados pela infecção. Os dados do Ministério da Saúde mostram que o número de casos e óbitos reduziram mais de 40%, mostrando mais uma vez a eficácia e necessidade da imunização da população.

Groundwater represents one of the largest safe drinking water sources worldwide; however, it has been threatened by increased human activities in recent years. Candida species express virulence factors that contribute to the establishment and worsening of infections, although little is known about the virulence profiles of these species in potable groundwater. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of yeasts in groundwater from residential wells and to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile, hydrolytic enzyme production, adhesion capacity, and biofilm formation of Candida spp. Fifty yeasts representing nine genera were isolated: Candida (48%), Meyerozyma (20%), Pichia (8%), Exophiala (8%), Clavispora (4%), Kodamaea (4%), Rhodotorula (4%), Hanseniaspora (2%), and Kazachstania (2%). Candida parapsilosis was the most commonly isolated species, and approximately 29% of the Candida isolates were resistant to at least one azole. All Candida isolates were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and adhere to polystyrene, and most were classified as hydrophobic. Candida spp. can establish and form biofilms when cultivated in different media such as Sabouraud broth, water, and calcium hypochlorite. The use of contaminated groundwater for human consumption represents a possible route for the transmission of clinically relevant yeasts that can cause fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and establish effective measures for groundwater treatment to ensure the quality and safety for consumption.

The aim of this study was to identify novel lncRNA differentially expressed (DE) between divergent animals for beef tenderness and marbling traits in Nellore cattle.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) is an indicative trait for meat tenderness. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples from the 20 most extreme bulls (out of 80 bulls set) for MFI (high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) groups) trait were used to perform transcriptomic analysis, using RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq). An average of 24.616 genes was expressed in the Nellore muscle transcriptome analysis. A total of 96 genes were differentially expressed (p value ≤ 0.001) between the two groups of divergent bulls for MFI. The HEBP2 and BDH1 genes were overexpressed in animals with high MFI. The MYBPH and MYL6, myosin encoders, were identified. The differentially expressed genes were related to increase mitochondria efficiency, especially in cells under oxidative stress conditions, and these also were related to zinc and calcium binding, membrane transport, and muscle constituent proteins, such as actin and myosin. Most of those genes were involved in metabolic pathways of oxidation-reduction, transport of lactate in the plasma membrane, and muscle contraction. This is the first study applying MFI phenotypes in transcriptomic studies to identify and understand differentially expressed genes for beef tenderness. These results suggest that differences detected in gene expression between high and low MFI animals are related to reactive mechanisms and structural components of oxidative fibers under the condition of cellular stress. Some genes may be selected as positional candidate genes to beef tenderness, MYL6, MYBPH, TRIM63, TRIM55, TRIOBP, and CHRNG genes. The use of MFI phenotypes could enhance results of meat tenderness studies. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Animal Biosciences Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of Guelph APTA Beef Cattle Center Animal Science Institute National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) FAPESP: # 09/16118-5 FAPESP: #17/04270-3 FAPESP: #18/11154-2

Este estudo é uma revisão narrativa de literatura a qual teve como objetivo identificar e discutir as principais contribuições da família e da escola para o desenvolvimento e aprendizagem de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno de Espectro Autista (TEA). A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e Google Acadêmico. De acordo com os estudos, o TEA consiste em um distúrbio do desenvolvimento neurológico de início precoce, caracterizado principalmente pelo comprometimento das habilidades sociais e de comunicação. Além disso, esses indivíduos podem apresentar hiperatividade, impulsividade, bem como comportamentos agressivos, respostas sensoriais e perceptuais peculiares, como o medo exagerado de estímulos inofensivos ou fascínio por estímulos visuais; distúrbios do sono e gastrintestinais; e epilepsia. Por isso, o maior desafio do desenvolvimento e tratamento comportamental do autista é a sua inclusão social e escolar. A inclusão de crianças com autismo no ensino regular depende, em grande parte, da participação da família no processo educativo, esta tem um papel de suma importância no desenvolvimento e aprendizagem da criança. As práticas educacionais devem ser sempre atualizadas, objetivando facilitar evolutivamente a integração de indivíduos com autismo na sociedade.

OBJETIVO: analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre as intervenções terapêuticas aplicadas à Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2021, no qual foram consultadas as bases de dados e portais PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Google Acadêmico e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, resultando em onze artigos analisados. RESULTADOS: A análise dos artigos incluídos no estudo permitiu verificar que intervenções de autocuidado e organizacionais em profissionais das áreas da saúde contribuíram para redução de sintomas da Síndrome de Burnout. Os estudos relataram que as medidas de intervenções terapêuticas que foram implementadas, entre elas a aromaterapia, musicoterapia, a aplicação da EFT, estratégias de LMX, minimizam os efeitos dos fatores que contribuem para o aumento da Síndrome de Burnout nos profissionais de saúde, assim como a reorganização da jornada de trabalho e melhorias no ambiente de trabalho que favoreçam uma percepção mais positivas da prática profissional. CONCLUSÃO: A pandemia da COVID-19 contribuiu para o aumento da prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde. Desse modo, as medidas como educação sobre saúde mental, bem como intervenções terapêuticas para aqueles já acometidos pela doença são fundamentais para que o profissional mantenha seu bem-estar físico e mental.

The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) are complementary methodologies commonly used to measure beef tenderness. To identify mRNA isoforms differentially expressed became an important tool to provide new insights to better understand the transcripts involved in the regulation of the meat tenderness, using MFI and WBSF measures in Nellore beef cattle. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples from the 20 most extreme bulls (out of 80 bulls set) for WBSF [tender (n = 9) and tough (n = 10) groups] and MFI [high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) groups] traits were collected to perform transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Sequencing. The CLC Genomics Workbench v.12.0 was used to align the fragments of each sample to the bovine reference genome ARS.UCD1.2. An average of 37 million transcripts were expressed in the Nellore muscle transcriptome. A total of 41 and 31 mRNA isoforms were differentially expressed (q≤0.05 and Fold Change greater than 2) between the two groups of divergent bulls for WBSF and MFI traits, respectively. The RPL14-202 mRNA isoform was the only isoform differentially expressed in common between both traits and is one of two known transcripts of the RPL14 gene. The RPL14 gene contains a trinucleotide repeat tract whose length is highly polymorphic and has several biochemical functions. Bulls with tender meat have one base insertion inside this region and possibly has splice site disruption effects. The RPL14-202 mRNA isoform could be used as potential biological marker for beef tenderness. The identified differentially expressed mRNA isoforms (ACTA1-202, ACTN3-201, MYL6-202, MYL6-201, MYBPC2-202) were involved with skeletal muscle cell differentiation, negative regulation of sarcomere organization and regulation of skeletal muscle contraction. mRNA isoforms directly associated with muscle development were identified using different approaches to measure beef tenderness suggesting potential key regulator genes and biomarkers associated with an important consumer valued trait for the beef industry.

The main definition for meat quality should include factors that affect consumer appreciation of the product. Physical laboratory analyses are necessary to identify factors that affect meat quality and specific equipment is used for this purpose, which is expensive and destructive, and the analyses are usually time consuming. An alternative method to performing several beef analyses is near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), which permits to reduce costs and to obtain faster, simpler, and nondestructive measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NIRS to predict shear force [Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF)], marbling, and color (*a = redness; b* = yellowness; and L* = lightness) in meat samples of uncastrated male Nelore cattle, that were approximately 2-yr-old. Samples of longissimus thoracis (n = 644) were collected and spectra were obtained prior to meat quality analysis. Multivariate calibration was performed by partial least squares regression. Several preprocessing techniques were evaluated alone and in combination: raw data, reduction of spectral range, multiplicative scatter correction, and 1st derivative. Accuracies of the calibration models were evaluated using the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), coefficient of determination in the calibration (R2C), and prediction (R2P) groups. Among the different preprocessing techniques, the reduction of spectral range provided the best prediction accuracy for all traits. The NIRS showed a better performance to predict WBSF (RMSEP = 1.42 kg, R2P = 0.40) and b* color (RMSEP = 1.21, R2P = 0.44), while its ability to accurately predict L* (RMSEP = 1.98, R2P = 0.16) and a* (RMSEP = 1.42, R2P = 0.17) was limited. NIRS was unsuitable to predict subjective meat quality traits such as marbling in Nelore cattle.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-04 Background: Meat tenderness is the consumer's most preferred sensory attribute. This trait is affected by a number of factors, including genotype, age, animal sex, and pre- and post-slaughter management. In view of the high percentage of Zebu genes in the Brazilian cattle population, mainly Nellore cattle, the improvement of meat tenderness is important since the increasing proportion of Zebu genes in the population reduces meat tenderness. However, the measurement of this trait is difficult once it can only be made after animal slaughtering. New technologies such as RNA-Seq have been used to increase our understanding of the genetic processes regulating quantitative traits phenotypes. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes related to meat tenderness, in Nellore cattle in order to elucidate the genetic factors associated with meat quality. Samples were collected 24 h postmortem and the meat was not aged. Results: We found 40 differentially expressed genes related to meat tenderness, 17 with known functions. Fourteen genes were up-regulated and 3 were down-regulated in the tender meat group. Genes related to ubiquitin metabolism, transport of molecules such as calcium and oxygen, acid-base balance, collagen production, actin, myosin, and fat were identified. The PCP4L1 (Purkinje cell protein 4 like 1) and BoLA-DQB (major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta) genes were validated by qRT-PCR. The results showed relative expression values similar to those obtained by RNA-Seq, with the same direction of expression (i.e., the two techniques revealed higher expression of PCP4L1 in tender meat samples and of BoLA-DQB in tough meat samples). Conclusions: This study revealed the differential expression of genes and functions in Nellore cattle muscle tissue, which may contain potential biomarkers involved in meat tenderness. São Paulo State University FCAV/UNESP Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences CyVerse University of Arizona São Paulo State University FCAV/UNESP Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

A carne de coelho tem baixo teor de gordura, maiores teores de proteínas do que a carne bovina e suína. Além disso, a carne de coelho é rica em ômega 3, vitaminas do complexo B e minerais como potássio, ferro, fósforo e cálcio. No entanto, essa carne não é muito conhecida e consumida no Brasil. Portanto, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a percepção da população sul mineira (Minas Gerais, Brasil) sobre a carne de coelho e os principais motivos que levam a aprovação ou rejeição da mesma. Para a realização desse estudo foi aplicado um questionário virtual. Como resultado, obteve-se 309 respostas de residentes de 44 cidades sul-mineiras. A partir da análise dos dados da pesquisa, foi possível definir quatro perfis de consumidores: I) nunca consumiram; II) tem vontade consumir; III) já consumiram uma ou duas vezes no ano; e IV) já consumiram mais de duas vezes por ano. A maioria dos entrevistados se enquadraram no perfil I e a minoria no perfil IV, o qual também foi caracterizado por consumidores que conhecem os benefícios nutricionais desta carne. Os resultados indicaram resistência por grande parte das pessoas em relação ao consumo de carne de coelho, isso se deve, na maioria das vezes por motivos culturais. Esses resultados poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias produtivas, colaborando para o aumento do consumo deste alimento.

Hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diets are often used in obesity research to induce excess weight and dyslipidemia in rats. In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats received a hypercaloric diet that was enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat and sugar but hypoproteic and nutrient deficient. The rats’ body development and serum parameters were evaluated. Nine rats were fed a standard diet, while 27 rats were fed a hypercaloric diet prepared by substituting 15% of the standard diet with hydrogenated vegetable fat and 10% with sugar. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 63 days. Between 35 and 98 days of age, the rats’ naso-anal length, body weight, and Lee index were measured weekly. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained to determine the serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and glucose. It was observed that the rats fed the hypercaloric diet containing hydrogenated vegetable fat and sugar exhibited less body development and did not develop either dyslipidemia or obesity although they exhibited increased serum glucose concentration. Las dietas hipercalóricas e hiperlipídicas se utilizan a menudo en la investigación sobre la obesidad para inducir sobrepeso y dislipidemia en ratas. En este experimento, las ratas Sprague-Dawley recibieron una dieta alta en calorías que estaba enriquecida con grasa vegetal hidrogenada y azúcar, sin embargo, hipoproteica y deficiente en nutrientes. Se evaluaron el desarrollo corporal y los parámetros séricos de las ratas. Nueve ratas fueron alimentadas con una dieta estándar, mientras que 27 ratas fueron alimentadas con una dieta alta en calorías preparada reemplazando el 15% de la dieta estándar con grasa vegetal hidrogenada y el 10% con azúcar. Se proporcionó alimento y agua ad libitum durante 63 días. Entre los 35 y los 98 días de edad, se midieron semanalmente la longitud nasoanal de las ratas, el peso corporal y el índice de Lee. Al final del período experimental, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para determinar los niveles séricos de colesterol total, triacilglicerol y glucosa. Se observó que las ratas alimentadas con la dieta alta en calorías que contenía grasas vegetales hidrogenadas y azúcar mostraron un menor desarrollo corporal y no desarrollaron ni dislipidemia ni obesidad, aunque sí mostraron un aumento en la concentración de glucosa sérica. Dietas hipercalóricas e hiperlipídicas são frequentemente utilizadas em pesquisas sobre obesidade para induzir excesso de peso e dislipidemia em ratos. Neste experimento, ratos Sprague-Dawley receberam uma dieta hipercalórica que foi enriquecida com gordura vegetal hidrogenada e açúcar, porém, hipoproteica e deficiente em nutrientes. O desenvolvimento corporal e parâmetros séricos dos ratos foram avaliados. Nove ratos foram alimentados com uma dieta padrão, enquanto 27 ratos foram alimentados com uma dieta hipercalórica preparada substituindo-se 15% da dieta padrão por gordura vegetal hidrogenada e 10% por açúcar. A ração e a água foram fornecidas ad libitum por 63 dias. Entre 35 e 98 dias de idade, o comprimento naso-anal dos ratos, o peso corporal e o índice de Lee foram medidos semanalmente. Ao final do período experimental, amostras de sangue foram obtidas para determinar os níveis séricos de colesterol total, triacilglicerol e glicose. Observou-se que os ratos alimentados com a dieta hipercalórica contendo gordura vegetal hidrogenada e açúcar apresentaram menor desenvolvimento corporal e não desenvolveram nem dislipidemia nem obesidade, embora tenham exibido aumento da concentração sérica de glicose.ude the abstract in Portuguese

Resumo Este estudo promoveu a deteccao de DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato em amostras de sangue e soro de pacientes com manifestacoes clinicas e epidemiologia compativeis com a doenca de Lyme‐simile brasileira ou sindrome de Baggio‐Yoshinari. Para tanto, foi feita triagem sorologica pelos metodos de Elisa e Western blotting e a identificacao molecular de B. burgdorferi por meio da amplificacao de um fragmento do gene conservado que sintetiza o gancho flagelar ( flgE ). Os resultados demonstraram sorologia positiva e, pela primeira vez, a presenca de DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato em humanos na Regiao Centro‐Oeste do Brasil. A analise genetica das sequencias dos isolados mostrou similaridade as sequencias disponiveis no GenBank. Pela analise filogenetica inferida pela sequencia parcial do gene flgE , a cepa brasileira agrupou‐se com a sequencia de B. burgdorferi sensu lato . Este estudo abre perspectivas promissoras e reforca a necessidade de estudos adicionais a fim de determinar as caracteristicas epidemiologicas da doenca, bem como o impacto da prevalencia da borreliose brasileira no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.

The mRNA identification and associated splice variants affecting meat marbling in Nellore cattle could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of this complex trait. Longissimus thoracis samples from the 20 most extreme bulls (out of 80 bulls set) for marbling [high (n=10) and low (n=10) groups] trait were used to perform transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Sequencing. The CLC Genomics Workbench software was used to align the fragments of each sample to the bovine reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2) and to perform differential expressed transcript analysis (DE). An average of 37,000 transcripts and 14 mRNA DE (P ≤ 0.001; FC > 2) were detected in the muscle transcriptome. Among them, three transcripts were up-regulated (COL4A2-202, GHRH-201 and ENSBTAT00000070459.1) and 11 down-regulated (HBB-201, HBA-201, RPL14-202, CATHL1-201, CATHL4-201, MAPKAPK2-204, PCBD1-201, RPL30-203, NEURL1-202, PGLYRP1-201 and ENSBTAT00000038384.2) in high marbling group in relation to low group. Structural variants, including Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV), insertion or deletion were also found in the mRNA DE (4 in high and 6 in low marbling groups), causing possible splice site disruption. For high marbling group, in the COL4A2-202 transcript, three SNVs [one guanine (G) located on chromosome 12 at 85,104,867 bp, two cytosine (C), at the positions: 85,119,139 and 85,145,937 bp] were found. From these, one is a non-synonyms mutation [SNV (G) 85,145,937bp], causing an amino acid change (ENSBTAP00000005916.5: p.Glu1088Asp) in Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain protein (COL4A2). Interestingly, animals with low marbling presented also deletions (85,100,930 pb) in this same gene, causing an amino acid change (ENSBTAP00000005916.5:p.Pro113fs)in the COL4A2 protein. Functional enrichment analysis, using the DE mRNAs list, identified significant metabolic pathways (FDR < 0.05), such as O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes, tyrosine biosynthesis and phenylalanine degradation. The results suggest potential key regulatory genes associated with marbling, an economically important trait for the beef industry and for the consumer. Funding FAPESP (#2009/16118-5, #11/21241-0, #2017/02470-3, #2017/10630–2, #2018/ 20026–8, #2018/11154-2) and CAPES (#001).

The aim of this study was to identify functional variants within runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands present in the genome of Nellore cattle. Genotypic information of 3,492 animals and 755,319 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), were used. ROH segments were detected using PLINK software. Only ROH segments shared by more than 50% of the population individuals were used for identifying homozygosity islands. The islands functional variants were classified using the VEP tool (predictor of variant effect) from ENSEMBL software. If the variant SIFT score was less than 0.05 it was considered to be “deleterious,” otherwise it was “tolerant.” We found five islands of homozygosity, located in chromosome 5, 7, 12, 21 and 26. Within the islands, a total of 1,181 variants were processed by VEP and all of them were recognized as existing variants. In total, 51 overlapped genes and 69 overlapped transcripts were found. Most of the variants were SNPs located in the intronic regions (55%), followed by intergenic spaces (14%), upstream (13%) and downstream gene variants (12%). The intronic variants can be related to specific QTLs, either because they are associated with regions affecting gene expression or in linkage disequilibrium with the causative mutation or even because they have an unknown function. Only a small portion of the variants is in synonymous regions (4%), splice regions (1%), untranslated regions (UTRs) (1%) or are missense variants (1%). We have found 11 missense variants, being three considered deleterious and eight tolerant. The deleterious variants were annotated: INHBC, SMIM33 e FBXW4 genes. The knowledge of functional variants distribution is important for improving annotation of the bovine genome. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and by São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (grants 2018/04313-7 and 2017/10630–2).

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-25 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background: The aim of this study was to use transcriptome RNA-Seq data from longissimus thoracis muscle of uncastrated Nelore males to identify hub genes based on co-expression network obtained from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with intramuscular fat content. Results: A total of 30 transcriptomics datasets (RNA-Seq) obtained from longissimus thoracis muscle were selected based on the phenotypic value of divergent intramuscular fat content: 15 with the highest intramuscular fat content (HIF) and 15 with the lowest intramuscular fat content (LIF). The transcriptomics datasets were aligned with a reference genome and 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 21 upregulated and 44 downregulated genes in HIF animals. The normalized count data from DEGs was then used for co-expression network construction. From the co-expression network, four modules were identified. The topological properties of the network were analyzed; those genes engaging in the most interactions (maximal clique centrality method) with other DEGs were predicted to be hub genes (PDE4D, KLHL30 and IL1RAP), which consequently may play a role in cellular and/or systemic lipid biology in Nelore cattle. Top modules screened from the gene co-expression network were identify. The two candidate modules had clear associated biological pathways related to fat development, cell adhesion, and muscle differentiation, immune system, among others. The hub genes belonged in top modules and were downregulated in HIF animals. PDE4D and IL1RAP have known effects on lipid metabolism and the immune system through the regulation of cAMP signaling. Given that cAMP is known to play a role in lipid systems, PDE4D and IL1RAP downregulation may contribute to increased levels of intracellular cAMP and thus may have effects on IF content differences in Nelore cattle. KLHL30 may have effects on muscle metabolism. Klhl protein families play a role in protein degradation. However, the downregulation of this gene and its role in lipid metabolism has not yet been clarified. Conclusions: The results reported in this study indicate candidate genes and molecular mechanisms involved in IF content difference in Nelore cattle. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) School of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:15:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study aimed to use RNA-Seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in muscle of uncastrated Nelore males phenotypically divergent for ribeye muscle area (REA). A total of 80 animals were phenotyped for REA, and 15 animals each with the highest REA and the lowest REA were selected for analyses. DEGs found (N = 288) belonging to families related to muscle cell growth, development, motility and proteolysis, such as actin, myosin, collagen, integrin, solute carrier, ubiquitin and kelch-like. Functional analysis showed that many of the significantly enriched gene ontology terms were closely associated with muscle development, growth, and degradation. Through co-expression network analysis, we predicted three hub genes (PPP3R1, FAM129B and UBE2G1), these genes are involved in muscle growth, proteolysis and immune system. The genes expression levels and its biological process found this study may result in differences in muscle deposition, and therefore, Nelore animals with different REA proportions. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ) Advanced Research Center for Beef Cattle School of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) are complementary methodologies used to measure beef tenderness. Longissimus thoracis samples from the 20 most extreme bulls (out of 80 bulls set) for WBSF (tender (n = 10) and tough (n = 10)) and MFI (high (n = 10) and low (n = 10)) traits were collected to perform transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Sequencing. All analysis were performed through CLC Genomics Workbench. A total of 39 and 27 transcripts for WBSF and MFI phenotypes were DE, respectively. The possible DE novel mRNA isoforms, for WBSF and MFI traits, are myosin encoders (e.g. MYL1 and MYL6). In addition, we identified potential mRNA isoforms related to genes affecting the speed fibers degradation during the meat aging process. The DE novel transcripts are transcripted by genes with biological functions related to oxidative process, energy production and striated muscle contraction. The results suggest that the identified mRNA isoforms could be used as potential candidate to select animals in order to improve meat tenderness.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Transcript data obtained by RNA-Seq were used to identify differentially expressed alternatively spliced genes in ribeye muscle tissue between Nelore cattle that differed in their ribeye area (REA) or intramuscular fat content (IF). A total of 166 alternatively spliced transcripts from 125 genes were significantly differentially expressed in ribeye muscle between the highest and lowest REA groups (p ≤ 0.05). For animals selected on their IF content, 269 alternatively spliced transcripts from 219 genes were differentially expressed in ribeye muscle between the highest and lowest IF animals. Cassette exons and alternative 3′ splice sites were the most frequently found alternatively spliced transcripts for REA and IF content. For both traits, some differentially expressed alternatively spliced transcripts belonged to myosin and myotilin gene families. The hub transcripts were identified for REA (LRRFIP1, RCAN1 and RHOBTB1) and IF (TRIP12, HSPE1 and MAP2K6) have an important role to play in muscle cell degradation, development and motility. In general, transcripts were found for both traits with biological process GO terms that were involved in pathways related to protein ubiquitination, muscle differentiation, lipids and hormonal systems. Our results reinforce the biological importance of these known processes but also reveal new insights into the complexity of the whole cell muscle mRNA of Nelore cattle. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) School of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri Columbia School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The main definition for meat quality should include factors that affect consumer appreciation of the product. Physical laboratory analyses are necessary to identify factors that affect meat quality and specific equipment is used for this purpose, which is expensive and destructive, and the analyses are usually time consuming. An alternative method to performing several beef analyses is near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), which permits to reduce costs and to obtain faster, simpler, and nondestructive measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NIRS to predict shear force [Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF)], marbling, and color (*a = redness; b* = yellowness; and L* = lightness) in meat samples of uncastrated male Nelore cattle, that were approximately 2-yr-old. Samples of longissimus thoracis (n = 644) were collected and spectra were obtained prior to meat quality analysis. Multivariate calibration was performed by partial least squares regression. Several preprocessing techniques were evaluated alone and in combination: raw data, reduction of spectral range, multiplicative scatter correction, and 1st derivative. Accuracies of the calibration models were evaluated using the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), coefficient of determination in the calibration (R(2)C), and prediction (R(2)P) groups. Among the different preprocessing techniques, the reduction of spectral range provided the best prediction accuracy for all traits. The NIRS showed a better performance to predict WBSF (RMSEP = 1.42 kg, R(2)P = 0.40) and b* color (RMSEP = 1.21, R(2)P = 0.44), while its ability to accurately predict L* (RMSEP = 1.98, R(2)P = 0.16) and a* (RMSEP = 1.42, R(2)P = 0.17) was limited. NIRS was unsuitable to predict subjective meat quality traits such as marbling in Nelore cattle.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-03T18:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-07-01 Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Objective: To isolate Candida albicans (C. albicans) from the urine of hospitalized patients and assess the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolates. Methods: Yeasts were identified using the chromogenic medium CHROMagar (TM), the VITEK (R) 2 system, hypertonic Sabouraud broth, tobacco agar, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. The evaluated virulence factors were proteinase production, phospholipase production, and biofilm production on polystyrene. The broth micro-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: All yeasts isolated from urine were identified as C. albicans using both classical and molecular methods. Although 91.3% of the isolates showed no phospholipase activity, 56.5% showed strong proteinase activity and 91.7% produced biofilm. All microorganisms were sensitive to fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B, but 56.5% of the yeasts showed resistance to itraconazole. Conclusions: C. albicans isolates from urine have a high capacity for virulence and can be associated with infectious processes. Furthermore, the high percentage of isolates resistant to itraconazole is important because this antifungal agent is commonly used to treat fungal infections in the hospital environment. Fundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, Fac Ciencias Biol & Ambientais, Rodovia Dourados Itahum,Km 12,Caixa Postal 533, BR-79804970 Dourados, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Med, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Fundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, Fac Ciencias Saude, Dourados, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul: 0068/12 Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul: SIAFEM: 020666

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Stayability, which can be defined as the probability of a cow calving at a certain age when given the opportunity, is an important reproductive trait in beef cattle because it is directly related to herd profitability. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and to identify possible genomic regions associated with the phenotypic expression of stayability in Nellore cows. The variance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using a threshold animal model that included the systematic effects of contemporary group and sexual precocity and the random effects of animal and residual. The SNP effects were estimated by the single-step genomic BLUP method using information of 2,838 animals (2,020 females and 930 sires) genotyped with the Illumina High-Density BeadChip Array (San Diego, CA, USA). The variance explained by windows formed by 200 consecutive SNPs was used to identify genomic regions of largest effect on the expression of stayability. The heritability was 0.11 ± 0.01 when A matrix (pedigree) was used and 0.14 ± 0.01 when H matrix (relationship matrix that combines pedigree information and SNP data) was used. A total of 147 candidate genes for stayability were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 20 and on the X chromosome. New candidate regions for stayability were detected, most of them related to reproductive, immunological and central nervous system functions. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia UFBA CNPq Fellowship Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP

In the previous decades, it has been an increase in cases of resistance to antifungal agents used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Candida species. The emergence of resistance to drug classes, it is usually explained by genome alterations ranging from point mutations to gain or loss of whole chromosomes. Therefore, identify and understand into the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance of the Candida spp. is important because this information can provide appropriate treatments in emergency candidemia cases. In this sense, this review have the aim of discuss about the genetic variations associated the antifungal resistance in Candida spp. Key words: Antifungal agents, candidiasis, molecular characterization, mutations, overexpression.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-07-01 The presence of interspecific hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) in natural environments can put at risk the existence of the pure parental lineages. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of pure Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum individuals from rivers in the Paraná and Paraguay basins in Brazil. Seventy-six pure individuals of P. corruscans and 16 of P. reticulatum were evaluated with six microsatellite loci for both species, along with one species-specific locus each for P. corruscans and P. reticulatum. Loss of heterozygosity was confirmed, and preservation measures for P. corruscans and P. reticulatum are needed in order not to lose further genetic variation. In addition, we confirmed that these markers are useful for the management of pure stocks in natural environments, for fish breeding, and in genetic conservation and improvement programs for these species. Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP)