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In 2019, two Canadian provinces became the first jurisdictions in North America to pass deemed consent legislation to increase deceased organ donation and transplantation rates. We sought to explore the perspectives of the deemed consent legislation for organ donation in Canada from the viewpoint of individuals commenting on press articles.In this qualitative descriptive study, we extracted public comments regarding deemed consent from online articles published by four major Canadian news outlets between January 2019 and July 2020. A total of 4357 comments were extracted from 35 eligible news articles. Comments were independently analyzed by two research team members using a conventional content analysis approach.Commenters' perceptions of the deemed consent legislation for organ donation in Canada predominantly fit within three organizational groups: perceived positive implications of the bills, perceived negative implications of the bills, and key considerations. Three themes emerged within each group that summarized perspectives of the proposed legislation. Themes regarding the perceived positive implications of the bills included majority rules, societal effect, and prioritizing donation. Themes regarding the perceived negative implications of the bills were a right to choose, the potential for abuse and errors, and a possible slippery slope. Improving government transparency and communication, clarifying questions and addressing concerns, and providing evidence for the bills were identified as key considerations.If deemed consent legislation is meant to increase organ donation and transplantation, addressing public concerns will be important to ensure successful implementation.

Background: Providing support is important to maintain a patient on peritoneal dialysis (PD), though its impact on outcomes has not been investigated thoroughly. We examined the association between having support and risk of a transfer to hemodialysis. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we used data captured in the Dialysis Measurement Analysis and Reporting system about patients who started PD in Alberta, Canada, between 1 January 2013 and 30 September 2018. Support was defined as the availability of a support person in the home who was able, willing and available to provide support for PD in the patient’s residence. The outcome of interest was a transfer to hemodialysis for at least 90 days. We estimated the cumulative incidence of a transfer over time accounting for competing risks and hazard ratios to summarise the association between support and a transfer. We split follow-up time as hazard ratios varied over time. Results: Six hundred and eighty-three incident PD patients, median age 58 years ( IQR: 47–68) and 35% female, were followed for a median of 15 months. The cumulative incidence of a transfer to hemodialysis at 24 months was 26%. Having support was associated with a reduced risk of a transfer between 3 and 12 months after the start of dialysis (HR3-12mo: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), but not earlier (hazard ratio (HR): 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–1.69) or later (HR>12mo: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.65–2.17). Conclusions: A transfer to hemodialysis is common. Having a support person at home is associated with a short-term protective effect after the initiation of PD.

Background: Technique failure is an important outcome measure in research and quality improvement in peritoneal dialysis (PD) programs, but there is a lack of consistency in how it is reported. Methods: We used data collected about incident dialysis patients from 10 Canadian dialysis programs between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018. We identified four main steps that are required when calculating the risk of technique failure. We changed one variable at a time, and then all steps, simultaneously, to determine the impact on the observed risk of technique failure at 24 months. Results: A total of 1448 patients received PD. Selecting different cohorts of PD patients changed the observed risk of technique failure at 24 months by 2%. More than one-third of patients who switched to hemodialysis returned to PD—90% returned within 180 days. The use of different time windows of observation for a return to PD resulted in risks of technique failure that differed by 16%. The way in which exit events were handled during the time window impacted the risk of technique failure by 4% and choice of statistical method changed results by 4%. Overall, the observed risk of technique failure at 24 months differed by 20%, simply by applying different approaches to the same data set. Conclusions: The approach to reporting technique failure has an important impact on the observed results. We present a robust and transparent methodology to track technique failure over time and to compare performance between programs.

Home hemodialysis (HHD) offers a flexible, patient-centered modality for patients with kidney failure. Growth in HHD is achieved by increasing the number of patients starting HHD and reducing attrition with strategies to prevent the modifiable reasons for loss.Our primary objective was to describe a Canadian HHD population in terms of technique failure and time to exit from HHD in order to understand reasons for exit. Our secondary objectives include the following: (1) determining reasons for training failure, (2) reasons for early exit from HHD, and (3) timing of program exit.A retrospective cohort study of incident adult HHD patients between January 1, 2013-June 30, 2020.Alberta Kidney Care South, AKC-S HHD program.Patients who started training for HHD in AKC-S.A retrospective, cohort study of incident adult HHD patients with primary outcome time on home hemodialysis, secondary outcomes include reason for train failure, time to and reasons for technique failure. Cox-proportional hazard model to determine associations between patient characteristics and technique failure. The cumulative probability of technique failure over time was reported using a competing risks model.A total of 167 patients entered HHD. Training failure occurred in 20 (12%), at 3.1 [2.0, 5.5] weeks; these patients were older (Small patient population with quality of data limited by the electronic-based medical record and non-standardized definitions of reasons for exit.Training failure is a particularly important source of patient loss. Reasons for exit differ according to duration on HHD. Early interventions aimed at reducing train failure and increasing psychosocial supports may help program growth.Pour les patients atteints d’insuffisance rénale, l’hémodialyse à domicile (HDD) offre une modalité flexible et centrée sur le patient. Une meilleure adhésion à l’HHD s’obtient en augmentant le nombre de patients initiés à cette modalité et en réduisant l’attrition grâce à des stratégies visant la prévention des causes modifiables d’abandon.Notre principal objectif était de décrire une population canadienne de patients suivant des traitements d’HDD en ce qui concerne l’échec de la modalité et de délai avant l’abandon de l’HDD, afin de comprendre les raisons qui mènent à cet abandon. En deuxième lieu, nous souhaitions: (1) déterminer les raisons de l’échec de la formation sur la modalité, (2) les raisons de l’abandon précoce de l’HDD et (3) le moment du retrait du programme.Il s’agit d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective portant sur les patients adultes ayant adopté l’HDD comme modalité entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 30 juin 2020.Le programme d’HDD AKC-S (Alberta Kidney Care South).Les patients ayant commencé une formation sur l’HDD avec le programme AKC-S.Une étude de cohorte rétrospective portant sur les patients adultes traités par HDD ayant pour principal critère d’évaluation la période pendant laquelle la modalité a été adoptée par les patients. La raison de l’échec de la formation, le délai avant l’abandon de la modalité et les raisons de l’abandon ont constitué les critères d’évaluations secondaires. Un modèle de risques proportionnels de Cox a été employé pour déterminer les associations entre les caractéristiques des patients et l’abandon de la modalité. La probabilité cumulative d’abandon de la modalité au fil du temps a été rapportée à l’aide d’un modèle des risques concurrents.Les résultats portent sur les 167 patients qui étaient passés à l’HDD. L’échec de la formation a été observé chez 20 patients (12 %) après 3,1 [2,0, 5,5] semaines; ces patients étaient plus âgés (L’étude porte sur un faible échantillon de patients dont la qualité des données était limitée par le dossier médical électronique. Des définitions non normalisées des raisons de l’abandon limitent également les résultats.L’échec de la formation est un facteur qui joue un rôle particulièrement important dans l’abandon de l’HDD par les patients. Les raisons de cet abandon varient en fonction de la durée d’utilisation de la modalité. Des interventions précoces visant à réduire l’échec de la formation et à augmenter le soutien psychosocial pourraient aider à accroître l’adhésion au programme.

Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting disease with high morbidity, substantial health care costs, and increasing incidence. Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms that impacts quality of life and is a leading concern for patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to determine the global prevalence, risk factors, and impact of fatigue in adults with IBD. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Data were retrieved from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from database inception to October 2019. A pooled prevalence of fatigue was calculated using a random-effects model. Stratified meta-analyses explored sources of between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed using an adapted checklist from Downs and Black. Results The search yielded 4524 studies, of which 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, the studies were of good quality. The pooled prevalence of fatigue was 47% (95% confidence interval, 41%–54%), though between-study heterogeneity was high (I2 = 98%). Fatigue prevalence varied significantly by the definition of fatigue (chronic: 28%; high: 48%; P Conclusions The prevalence of fatigue in adults with IBD is high, emphasizing the importance of additional efforts to manage fatigue to improve the care and quality of life for patients with IBD.

ObjectivesPersons with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) have unique support needs associated with managing a chronic yet often silent condition, complex treatment-related decisions and care transitions. The aim of this study was to explore perspectives on how peer support could address CKD support needs and augment care.DesignThis study employed a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data were collected through focus groups (cofacilitated by patient partners) and semistructured interviews.SettingFour multidisciplinary CKD clinics across Southern Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsWe purposively sampled among adult patients with advanced, non-dialysis CKD and their caregivers, as well as trained peer mentors from The Kidney Foundation of Canada’s Kidney Connect programme.AnalysisTranscripts were coded in duplicate, and themes were generated inductively through a thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe conducted seven focus groups with a total of 39 patient and caregiver participants. Seven patients and caregivers who were unable to attend a focus group and 13 peer mentors participated in a telephone interview. Although patients and caregivers had limited awareness of peer support, participants acknowledged its central role in affirming their experiences and enabling confidence to live well with kidney disease. We identified four themes related to the anticipated role of peer support in addressing support needs for people with non-dialysis CKD: (1) creating connection; (2) preparing for uncertainty; (3) adapting to new realities; and (4) responsive peer support delivery. Aligning peer support access with patient readiness and existing CKD management supports can promote optimism, community and pragmatic adaptations to challenges.ConclusionsPatients, caregivers and peer mentors highlighted a unique value in the shared experiences of CKD peers to anticipate and manage disease-related challenges and confidently face a future living with kidney disease.

Simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation (SPK) has benefits for patients with kidney failure and type I diabetes mellitus, but is associated with greater perioperative risk compared with kidney-alone transplantation. Postoperative care settings for SPK recipients vary across Canada and may have implications for patient outcomes and hospital resource use.To compare outcomes following SPK transplantation between patients receiving postoperative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared with the ward.Retrospective cohort study using administrative health data.In Alberta, the 2 transplant centers (Calgary and Edmonton) have different protocols for routine postoperative care of SPK recipients. In Edmonton, SPK recipients are routinely transferred to the ICU, whereas in Calgary, SPK recipients are transferred to the ward.129 adult SPK recipients (2002-2019).Data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database (CIHI-DAD) were used to identify SPK recipients (procedure codes) and the outcomes of inpatient mortality, length of initial hospital stay (LOS), and the occurrence of 16 different patient safety indicators (PSIs).We followed SPK recipients from the admission date of their transplant hospitalization until the first of hospital discharge or death. Unadjusted quantile regression was used to determine differences in LOS, and age- and sex-adjusted marginal probabilities were used to determine differences in PSIs between centers.There were no perioperative deaths and no major differences in the demographic characteristics between the centers. The majority of the SPK transplants were performed in Edmonton (n = 82, 64%). All SPK recipients in Edmonton were admitted to the ICU postoperatively, compared with only 11% in Calgary. There was no statistically significant difference in the LOS or probability of a PSI between the 2 centers (LOS for Edmonton vs Calgary:16 vs 13 days,This study was conducted using administrative data and is limited by variable availability. The small sample size limited precision of estimated differences between type of postoperative care.Following SPK transplantation, we found no difference in inpatient outcomes for recipients who received routine postoperative ICU care compared with ward care. Further research using larger data sets and interventional study designs is needed to better understand the implications of postoperative care settings on patient outcomes and health care resource utilization.La double transplantation rein-pancréas (DTRP) présente des bienfaits pour les patients atteints à la fois d’insuffisance rénale et de diabète de type I, mais elle est associée à un plus grand risque de complications périopératoires que la transplantation rénale seule. Les paramètres de soins postopératoires pour les patients ayant subi une DTRP varient à travers le Canada et peuvent avoir des répercussions sur l’évolution de l’état de santé des patients et sur l’utilisation des ressources hospitalières.Comparer les résultats des patients recevant des soins postopératoires, soit à l’unité de soins intensifs (USI), soit à l’étage, après une double transplantation rein-pancréas.Étude de cohorte réalisée à partir des données administratives de santé.Les deux centres de transplantation de l’Alberta (Calgary et Edmonton) disposent de protocoles différents en ce qui concerne les soins postopératoires courants prodigués aux receveurs d’une DTRP. À Edmonton, ces patients sont systématiquement transférés à l’USI; tandis qu’à Calgary, ils sont transférés à l’étage.L’étude porte sur 129 adultes ayant reçu une DTRP (2002-2019).Les données de la Base de données sur les congés des patients de l’Institut canadien d’information sur la santé (ICIS-BDCP) ont été utilisées pour recenser les receveurs d’une DTRP (codes d’intervention) et colliger les résultats quant à la mortalité en cours d’hospitalisation, la durée du séjour initial (DSI) et l’occurrence de 16 différents indicateurs de sécurité des patients (ISP).Nous avons suivi les receveurs d’une DTRP de la date de leur admission pour la greffe jusqu’au jour de leur premier congé de l’hôpital ou jusqu’à leur décès. Les différences entre les deux centres en ce qui concerne le DSI ont été établies à l’aide d’une régression par quantile non corrigée, et par probabilités marginales ajustées en fonction de l’âge et du sexe pour les ISP.Aucun décès periopératoire n’est survenu et aucune différence majeure n’a été observée entre les centres quant aux caractéristiques démographiques. La majorité des interventions ont été effectuées à Edmonton (n = 82; 64 %). Tous les receveurs d’une DTRP à Edmonton ont été admis à l’USI après la chirurgie, contre seulement 11 % à Calgary. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été observée quant à la durée du séjour (DSI à Edmonton par rapport à Calgary : 16 jours c. 13 jours, p = 0,12) ou à la probabilité d’un ISP (ISP à Edmonton : 60 %; IC 95 % : 0,50-0,71 contre ISP à Calgary : 44 %; IC 95 % : 0,29-0,59, p = 0,08) entre les deux centres.L’étude a été réalisée à partir des données administratives et est limitée par la disponibilité des variables. La faible taille de l’échantillon limite la précision des différences estimées entre les types de soins postopératoires.Après une double transplantation rein-pancréas, nous n’avons observé aucune différence entre les résultats des patients ayant reçu les soins postopératoires courants à l’USI et ceux des patients les ayant reçus à l’étage. Des études interventionnelles utilisant de plus grands ensembles de données sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre l’incidence des soins postopératoires sur les résultats des patients et sur l’utilisation des ressources en santé.

People with end-stage kidney disease can either pursue conservative (palliative) management or kidney replacement therapy. Although transplant is preferred, there is a limited number of organs available rendering the majority of patients treated with some form of dialysis. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are equivalent regarding clinical outcomes, but peritoneal dialysis is much less costly to provide. Peritoneal dialysis is most often done in the home by the patient or a support person and carries a self-care burden on patients and families. Social support is important for patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and in sustaining peritoneal dialysis therapy. Few studies have comprehensively explored social support in the context of peritoneal dialysis.To explore how patients, family members, and nurses view social support.Qualitative, descriptive study.An outpatient peritoneal dialysis clinic in Western Canada.Patients, family members, and nurses.Patients (nThemes related to the 4 attributes of social support were identified: addressing emotional needs and managing emotion (emotional support); peritoneal dialysis tasks and life tasks (instrumental support); accessing information, receiving information, and learning (informational support); and affirmation/external reassurance and self-confidence (appraisal support). The social support needs of both patients and family members varied and were dependent on their existing support networks and individual perspectives of support.It is possible that some of the study findings were gender-bound as well as context-specific. The study findings could be different if the patient and caregiver sample were more balanced based on sex. There are also unique attributes of each peritoneal dialysis program that may impact the transferability of these findings to other practice settings.Home-based peritoneal dialysis has potential benefit to patients and health care systems. However, receiving peritoneal dialysis requires support. If health care providers wish to promote this treatment, they must also understand how to best support patients and their family members.Not applicable.Les patients atteints d’insuffisance rénale terminale sont appelés à suivre un traitement conservateur (palliatif) ou une thérapie de remplacement rénal. Bien que la transplantation demeure préférable, le nombre d’organes disponibles contraint la majorité des patients à suivre des traitements de dialyse. Sur le plan des résultats cliniques, l’hémodialyse (HD) et la dialyse péritonéale (DP) sont équivalentes, mais cette dernière se révèle beaucoup moins coûteuse. La DP, souvent pratiquée à domicile par le patient ou une personne-aidante, impose toutefois un important fardeau au patient et à ses proches. Le soutien social est donc essentiel pour les patients traités par DP et pour soutenir cette thérapie essentielle. Peu d’études se sont penchées sur l’accompagnement des patients recevant des traitements de dialyse péritonéale.Connaître les perceptions des patients, de leurs proches et d’infirmières à l’égard du soutien social.Étude qualitative et descriptive.Une clinique de dialyse péritonéale ambulatoire de l’Ouest canadien.Les patients, leurs proches et des infirmières.Les patients (n = 15), leurs proches (nDes thèmes relatifs à chacun des types de soutien social ont été définis: réponse aux besoins émotionnels et gestion des émotions (soutien affectif); tâches liées à la vie quotidienne et à la dialyse péritonéale (soutien instrumental); accès à l’information, obtention de l’information et apprentissage (soutien informationnel); affirmation, réconfort et confiance en soi (services d’évaluation). Les besoins d’accompagnement des patients et de leurs proches étaient variables et dépendaient de leurs réseaux d’aide actuels et de leurs perspectives individuelles.Il est possible que certains résultats soient liés au sexe ou au contexte des patients. Les résultats pourraient différer avec un rapport hommes-femmes plus équilibré dans les échantillons de patients et de soignants. Aussi, chaque programme de DP présente des caractéristiques uniques pouvant avoir une incidence sur la transférabilité des résultats dans d’autres contextes de pratique.La dialyse péritonéale à domicile présente des avantages pour les patients et les systèmes de santé. La pratique de cette modalité requiert cependant du soutien. Si les fournisseurs de soins souhaitent promouvoir la DP auprès de leurs patients, ils devront également comprendre comment offrir le meilleur accompagnement possible aux prestataires et à leurs familles.Sans objet.