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El presente artículo trata principalmente sobre la relevancia que presenta el clima organizacional, el cual debe predominar en cada organización, y esto implica a que el recurso humano asuma el compromiso laboral. El objetivo central es determinar la relación entre el clima organizacional y el compromiso laboral que presentan los docentes del Instituto de Educación Superior Privado de Ventanilla, 2022. El método empleado es Básica-descriptiva, diseño correlacional transversal, y como instrumento se aplicó un cuestionario. Los resultados indican que los docentes encuestados en el instituto objeto de estudio manifiesta que existen líneas de comunicación y desarrollo de buenas prácticas altamente favorables y con técnicas de motivación también favorables. Las limitaciones de la investigación se refieren básicamente a la disponibilidad de tiempo, por la distancia del campus institucional, además de aquellas limitaciones para el recojo de información en el campus por el tema del COVID-19, dada la existencia de ciertas restricciones.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a major public health threat, making the study of its biology a matter of great importance. By analyzing the viral-host protein interactions and proposing them as new drug targets, we would diminish the emergence of new resistant strains. In this work, we have shown that human cytoplasmic dynein-1 (Dyn) interacts with the ZIKV. We additionally demonstrate that the envelope protein of the ZIKV and the dimerization domain of the heavy chain of Dyn binds directly without dynactin or cargo adaptor. In addition, we have analyzed this interaction in Vero cells, where we are proposing that the interaction ZIKV-Dyn is finely tuned within the replication cycle. Altogether, our data suggest a new step in the previously described replication cycle of the ZIKV, introducing a suitable molecular target to modulate infection by ZIKV.

We study the moduli spaces of heterotic/type II dual pairs in four dimensions with N=2 supersymmetry corresponding to non-geometric Calabi-Yau backgrounds on the type II side and to T-fold compactifications on the heterotic side. The vector multiplets moduli space receives perturbative corrections in the heterotic description only, and non-perturbative correction in both descriptions. We derive explicitely the perturbative corrections to the heterotic four-dimensional prepotential, using the knowledge of its singularity structure and of the heterotic perturbative duality group. We also derive the exact hypermultiplets moduli space, that receives corrections neither in the string coupling nor in $\alpha'$., Comment: 34 pages, no figures

Introduction Since Kanavel in 1905, knowledge of phlegmon of flexor tendon sheaths of the fingers have evolved over the twentieth century. This serious infection is 20% of infections of the hand and may have adverse consequences for the function of the finger and even beyond, of the hand. Amputation is always a risk. Frequently face this type of infection, we conducted a retrospective study and made an inventory of knowledge in order to consolidate and improve the overall care. Materials & Methods The study was retrospective and cross, focused on 120 patients operated on at Hand Surgery Unit, during 4 years. Inclusion criteria were primary or secondary infection of the sheath of the flexor tendons of the fingers.The evaluation focused on clinical and paraclinical perioperative parameters. At last follow, digital mobility (Total Active Motion), the functional score of QuickDASH and the socio-professional consequences were evaluated. Results The mean age was 40 years, with a male predominance. The hospital stay was 17 days on average (3 days to 80 days). From the classification of Michon, as amended by Sokolow, we found 60 Stage I, 48 stage II, 12 stage III. The Total Active Motion was respectively 240 °, 140 °, 40 °. QuickDASH scores were respectively 20, 56 and 90 out of 100. The time for return to work was 1 month for stage I, 4 months for stage II and 12 months for stage III. Discussion The long-term functional outcome was generally poor, with stiffness or digital amputation. The poor prognostic factors were: the initial advanced stage of infection, infection beta-haemolytic Streptococcus group A, and delayed surgical management. Smoking was identified as a new risk factor in this disease, as well as diabetes or immunodeficiency. This study confirmed the predominance of Staphylococcus, and scalability of the infection depending on the mode of contamination, and / or type of germ that is to say, scalability schedule for β-hemolytic streptococci group A chronic and scalability for intracellular bacteria (mycobacteria). Conclusion Any suspicion of flexor hand tenosynovitis should lead to an emergency surgical exploration, not primary antibiotics prescription!

We present a new class of dualities relating non-geometric Calabi-Yau compactifications of type II string theory to T-fold compactifications of the heterotic string, both preserving four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry. The non-geometric Calabi-Yau space is a $K3$ fibration over $T^2$ with non-geometric monodromies in the duality group $O(\Gamma_{4,20})$; this is dual to a heterotic reduction on a $T^4$ fibration over $T^2$ with the $O(\Gamma_{4,20})$ monodromies now viewed as heterotic T-dualities. At a point in moduli space which is a minimum of the scalar potential, the type II compactification becomes an asymmetric Gepner model and the monodromies become automorphisms involving mirror symmetries, while the heterotic dual is an asymmetric toroidal orbifold. We generalise previous constructions to ones in which the automorphisms are not of prime order. The type II construction is perturbatively consistent, but the naive heterotic dual is not modular invariant. Modular invariance on the heterotic side is achieved by including twists in the circles dual to the winding numbers round the $T^2$, and this in turn introduces non-perturbative phases depending on NS5-brane charge in the type II construction., Comment: 50 pages, no figure

Resume Introduction Les luxations et fracture-luxations perilunaires du carpe sont secondaires a des traumatismes a haute energie. Le pronostic est souvent compromis en raison de la complexite des lesions. Le but de cette etude etait d’evaluer le resultat de la prise en charge de ces lesions et de trouver des correlations entre le type de lesion et de prise en charge et le resultat final. Materiel et methodes Une etude monocentrique retrospective a ete effectuee et 65 patients (65 poignets) ont ete revus. Selon la classification de Herzberg, il existait : 18 luxations perilunaires isolees et 47 fracture-luxations – 27 avec une fracture du scaphoide et 20 avec un scaphoide intact. Le deplacement etait dorsal dans 62 cas. Tous les patients ont ete operes. Resultats Au recul moyen de 8 ans (2–16), le score de Cooney moyen etait de 66 points, le quick-DASH de 21 points et le PRWE de 28 points. La douleur etait evaluee a 1,3 sur 10 au repos et 4,3 sur 10 a l’effort. La flexion-extension etait de 96° avec une force moyenne de la poigne de 38 kg (70 ± 23 % du cote oppose). L’analyse radiographique retrouvait une diminution de la hauteur du carpe, une augmentation de la translation ulnaire et un DISI. Des signes d’arthrose etaient presents dans 58,5 % des cas. Le taux de necrose osseuse etait de 7,7 %. Une algodystrophie a ete observee dans 12 % des cas. Une chirurgie secondaire a ete necessaire dans 26 % des cas. Aucune influence n’a ete retrouvee entre le resultat final et le type de lesion, le delai de prise en charge. Les lesions osteochondrales constatees en peroperatoire ( p = 0,035), les osteonecroses au recul ( p = 0,017) et la modification de l’angle scapho-lunaire ( p = 0,029) etaient correlees avec la survenue d’arthrose au recul. Discussion Les luxations et les fracture-luxations perilunaires du carpe representent un traumatisme severe avec de nombreuses sequelles au recul : douleur, raideur, perte de force, instabilite du carpe, et arthrose. Un diagnostic precis et une reduction anatomique sont les prerequis a l’obtention d’un resultat fonctionnel satisfaisant. Les lesions capsulo-ligamentaires doivent etre reparees et les fractures doivent etre synthesees. Type d’etude/niveau d’evidence Therapeutique IV.

We compute the one-loop threshold corrections to the gauge and gravitational couplings for a large class of N=2 non-K\"ahler heterotic compactifications with three-form flux, consisting in principal two-torus bundles over K3 surfaces. We obtain the results as sums of BPS-states contributions, depending on the topological data of the bundle. We analyse also the worldsheet non-perturbative corrections coming from instantons wrapping the torus fiber, that are mapped under S-duality to D-instanton corrections in type I flux compactifications., Comment: 36 pages

We consider compactifications of type IIA superstring theory on mirror-folds obtained as K3 fibrations over two-tori with non-geometric monodromies involving mirror symmetries. At special points in the moduli space these are asymmetric Gepner models. The compactifications are constructed from non-geometric automorphisms that arise from the diagonal action of an automorphism of the K3 surface and of an automorphism of the mirror surface. We identify the corresponding gaugings of N=4 supergravity in four dimensions, and show that the minima of the potential describe the same four-dimensional low-energy physics as the worldsheet formulation in terms of asymmetric Gepner models. In this way, we obtain a class of Minkowski vacua of type II string theory which preserve N=2 supersymmetry. The massless sector consists of N=2 supergravity coupled to 3 vector multiplets, giving the STU model. In some cases there are additional massless hypermultiplets., Comment: 48 pages, no figures; v2: few typos corrected, one rephrased statement in subsection 5.2

Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is indicated for the treatment of SNAC or SLAC wrist with preservation of the midcarpal joint. Our hypothesis was that PRC is not appropriate for treating advanced wrist osteoarthritis in patients who carry out heavy manual work. Twenty-three PRCs were performed on 21 patients, 5 women and 16 men with an average age of 54 years (33–77). All patients performed manual work; 11 of them performed heavy manual work. Etiologies were: SLAC wrist in 14 cases (2 stage III, 11 stage II, and 1 stage I) and SNAC wrist in 9 cases (6 stage IIIB and 3 stage IIB). At an average 75 months’ follow-up (24–153), five patients were lost to follow-up. Radiocarpal arthrodesis was performed in one patient 10 years after the PRC. In the 17 remaining patients (18 wrists), pain (VAS) averaged 2.2, with residual pain of 5. Flexion–extension range was similar to preoperative levels (67% of contralateral wrist). Wrist strength was decreased by 34% compared to preoperative. The QuickDASH score averaged 26 points and the PRWE 20 points. Radiocapitate distance decreased by 0.3 mm on average with joint line narrowing in 6 patients. The carpal translation index was 0.33 mm, which was unchanged relative to preoperative values. Three patients had work-related limitations that required retraining and one patient had to be reassigned. PRC preserved the preoperative range of motion and reduced pain levels. However, significant loss of strength was observed, resulting in 23% of manual workers needing retraining or reassignment. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

We define and compute the dressed elliptic genus of N = 2 heterotic compactifications with torsion that are principal two-torus bundles over a K3 surface. We consider the most general gauge bundle compatible with supersymmetry, a stable holomorphic vector bundle over the base together with an Abelian bundle over the total space, generalizing the computation previously done by the authors in the absence of the latter. Starting from a (0,2) gauged linear sigma-model with torsion we use supersymmetric localization to obtain the result. We provide also a mathematical definition of the dressed elliptic genus as a modified Euler characteristic and prove that both expressions agree for hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces. Finally we show that it admits a natural decomposition in terms of N = 4 superconformal characters, that may be useful to investigate moonshine phenomena for this wide class of N = 2 vacua, that includes K3*T2 compactifications as special cases., Comment: 36 pages, version published in JHEP

We study heterotic supergravity on the conifold and its Z2 orbifold with Abelian gauge fields and three-form flux. At large distances, these solutions are locally Ricci-flat, have a magnetic flux through the two-sphere at infinity as well as non-zero five-brane charge. For a given flux, our family of solutions has three real parameters, the size of the pair of two spheres in the IR and the dilaton zero mode. We present an explicit analytic solution for the decoupled near horizon region where for a given flux, the size of the cycles is frozen and the only parameter is the dilaton zero mode. We also present an exactly solvable worldsheet CFT for this near horizon region. When one of the two cycles has vanishing size, the near horizon region no longer exists but we obtain a solution on the (unorbifolded) resolved conifold., 44 pages, 22 figures

"La localidad de Guerrero Negro (con la categoría de Delegación Municipal) forma parte del Municipio de Mulegé, el más extenso de los cinco municipios que conforman al estado de Baja California Sur, colinda al sur con los municipios de Loreto y Comondú, a su vez, marca la división territorial con Baja California al norte. Cuenta con clima mediterráneo-desértico, siendo neblinoso, húmedo y frío al amanecer, caluroso al medio día, ventoso y frío por la noche, con una media anual de 22° C. Con lluvias ocasionales en invierno. El molusco bivalvo Almeja Mano de León (Nodipecten subnodosus) es un recurso marino de la zona costera ubicada dentro del complejo lagunar de Guerrero Negro, que comprende la Laguna Manuela, Estero de San José y Laguna Ojo de Liebre; la zona se identifica por tener canales con profundidad mayor a los seis metros con corrientes fuertes y abundante pasto marino. En éste lugar nace, crece se reproduce y muere la almeja mano de león, por ser una zona costera que colinda con el Océano Pacifico. La almeja Mano de León, se captura dos veces por año en sitios conocidos como “bancos”. Estos están designados por los mismos pescadores con nombres especiales; la primera extracción se realiza de noviembre a diciembre y la segunda de abril a julio, en ambas temporadas se capturan por permisos individuales de hasta 400 piezas. El producto principal de estas es el “callo”, que se comercializa a nivel local e internacional, siendo su principal consumidor el mercado estadounidense. (Sector Pesquero Gro. Negro, 2015)"

Water isotopes are commonly used for climate reconstruction from ice cores. The different heavy isotopes of water such as H218O, H217O or HDO give information about local temperature but also temperature and humidity of water vapour sources. Quantification of these parameters relies on the good knowledge of equilibrium and kinetic isotopic fractionation at each step of the water cycle. One of the strongest limitations when interpreting water isotopes in remote Antarctic ice cores is the formulation of the isotopic fractionation at solid condensation (vapour to ice). This classical formulation also implies a good knowledge of coefficients for equilibrium fractionation and water vapour diffusion in air as well as supersaturation in clouds. The uncertainties associated with these different parameters make the formulation of isotopic fractionation at solid condensation only empirical. Here, we make use (1) of recent development in the measurements of water isotopes in the water vapour through infra-red spectroscopy and (2) of the possibility to measure accurately 17O-excess of water to test the classical formulation and parameterization of isotopic fractionation at solid condensation. A first experiment involving very strong supersaturation evidences a strong kinetic effect on 17O-excess at solid condensation, similar to d-excess. It also shows the limits of the classical formulation of water isotopic fractionation during solid condensation estimation at very low temperature. A second experiment performed in a cloud chamber under controlled conditions uses cavity ring down spectrometers (CRDS) to determine the spatial variability of water vapour isotopic composition due to diffusion (kinetic effect) during solid condensation. The spatial variability of water vapour isotopic composition can be relatively well reproduced by the resolution of diffusion toward a cold plate. This preliminary study opens new perspectives to revisit the classical formulation of water isotopic fractionation during solid condensation at very low temperature.

We report on some recent progress in understanding heterotic flux compactifications, from a worldsheet perspective mainly. We consider local models consisting in torus fibration over warped Eguchi-Hanson space and non-K\"ahler resolved conifold geometries. We analyze the supergravity solutions and define a double-scaling limit of the resolved singularities, defined such that the geometry is smooth and weakly coupled. We show that, remarkably, the heterotic solutions admit solvable worldsheet CFT descriptions in this limit. This allows in particular to understand the important role of worldsheet non-perturbative effects.

We compute the new supersymmetric index of a large class of N=2 heterotic compactifications with torsion, corresponding to principal two-torus bundles over warped K3 surfaces with H-flux. Starting from a UV description as a (0,2) gauged linear sigma-model with torsion, we use supersymmetric localization techniques to provide an explicit expression of the index as a sum over the Jeffrey-Kirwan residues of the one-loop determinant. We finally propose a geometrical formula that gives the new supersymmetric index in terms of bundle data, regardless of any particular choice of underlying two-dimensional theory., 53 pages. Version 2 to be published in JHEP: added proof of the geometrical formula for the quartic, few minor clarifications and typos corrected

Introduction Peri-lunate wrist dislocations and fracture-dislocations are related to high-energy trauma. Prognosis is often compromised because of the complexity of the lesions. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of acute peri-lunate injuries and correlate them with the type of lesion and management. Materiel and methods A monocenter retrospective study has been conducted. Sixty-five patients (65 wrists) were reviewed. According to Herzberg's classification, there were 18 isolated peri-lunate dislocations and 47 peri-lunate fracture-dislocations – 27 with a scaphoid fracture and 20 with an intact scaphoid. The displacement was dorsal in 62 cases. All patients were treated surgically. Results At an average follow-up of 8 years (2–16) the average Cooney score was 66 points, quick-DASH score 21 points, and PRWE score 28 points. Pain score was 1.3 out of 10 points at rest and 4.3 out of 10 with effort. The flexion-extension arc was 96° with an average strength of 38 kg (70 ± 23% of opposite side). Radiographic analysis has shown decrease in carpal height, increase in ulnar translation, and DISI. Sign of wrist arthritis was found in 58.5% of the cases. The rate of osteonecrosis was 7.7%. Regional sympathetic painful syndrome was observed in 12%. In 26% of the cases a secondary surgery was needed. No influence has been found with the final results between fracture-dislocation and isolated dislocation, and delay of treatment. Osteochondral lesions observed at surgery ( P = 0.035), osteonecrosis at follow-up ( P = 0.017), and modification of the scapho-lunate angle ( P = 0.029) were correlated with the occurrence of osteoarthritis. Discussion Peri-lunate dislocation and fracture-dislocation represent severe wrist trauma with often numerous sequelae with follow-up: pain, stiffness, loss of strength, carpal instability and arthritis. Early diagnosis and anatomic reduction are prerequisite to a satisfactory functional result. Capsulo-ligamentous lesions must be repaired and fractures must be fixed. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

We construct heterotic string backgrounds corresponding to families of homogeneous spaces as exact conformal field theories. They contain left cosets of compact groups by their maximal tori supported by NS-NS 2-forms and gauge field fluxes. We give the general formalism and modular-invariant partition functions, then we consider some examples such as SU(2)/U(1) ~ S^2 (already described in a previous paper) and the SU(3)/U(1)^2 flag space. As an application we construct new supersymmetric string vacua with magnetic fluxes and a linear dilaton., Comment: JHEP style; 47 pages, one figure

We study D-branes in the mirror pair N = 2 Liouville/supersymmetric SL ( 2 , R ) / U ( 1 ) coset superconformal field theories. We build D0-, D1- and D2-branes, on the basis of the boundary state construction for the H 3 + conformal field theory. We also construct D0-branes in an orbifold that rotates the angular direction of the cigar. We show how the poles of correlators associated to localized states and bulk interactions naturally decouple in the one-point functions of localized and extended branes. We stress the role played in the analysis of D-brane spectra by primaries in SL ( 2 , R ) / U ( 1 ) which are descendents of the parent theory.

We analyze asymmetric marginal deformations of SU(2)_k and SL(2,R)_k WZW models. These appear in heterotic string backgrounds with non-vanishing Neveu--Schwarz three-forms plus electric or magnetic fields, depending on whether the deformation is elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic. Asymmetric deformations create new families of exact string vacua. The geometries which are generated in this way, deformed S^3 or AdS_3, include in particular geometric cosets such as S^2, AdS_2 or H_2. Hence, the latter are consistent, exact conformal sigma models, with electric or magnetic backgrounds. We discuss various geometric and symmetry properties of the deformations at hand as well as their spectra and partition functions, with special attention to the supersymmetric AdS_2 x S^2 background. We also comment on potential holographic applications., 38 pages, Added References. Aesthetic retouchings

Four bacteria, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus'luteus were isolated from crude oil polluted soils using anthracene as the sole carbon and energy source. All the organisms utilized n-hexadecane, n-tetradecane, diesel oil, engine oil and naphthalene as sole carbon sources. None could utilize hexane, cycloheptane, xylene, benzene, toluene, phenol, fluoranthene,and kerosene as carbon sources. Highest cell density obtained with 0.1% (w/v) anthracene were 4.5 × 107 (cfu/ml), 8.6 × 106 (cfu/ml), 5.4 × 106 and 2.4 × 106 (cfu/ml) respectively, for P. aeruginosa, A. eutrophus, B. subtilis and M. luteus after 30 days incubation. Growth of the organism s on a Nigerian crude oil resulted in a residual oil concentration of 22.2% , 33.3% , 39.3% ,44% and 91.7% respectively, for P. aeruginosa, A. eutrophus, B. subtilis, M. luteus and the noninoculated control on the 14 th day. Ring fission enzymes of the meta pathway were detected in induced cells of P. aeruginosa and A. eutrophus while ortho pathway enzymes were detected in B. subtilis and M. luteus. P. aeruginosa and A. eutrophus had specific catechol-2,3-dioxygenase activities of 3.8 ± 0.183 and 0.64 ± 0.032 μmol / min × mg protein respectively while catechol-1,2-dioxygenase activities of 1.95 ± 0.029 and 1.89 ± 0.026 μmol / min x mg protein were detected in B. subtilis and M. luteus respectively. This work , highlights the capability of these unreported tropical strains of A. eutrophus, B. subtilis and M. luteus as anthracene degraders.

Les luxations d’articulations interphalangiennes proximales de doigts (IPP) sont frequentes. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer notre prise en charge, definir l’evolution des lesions et determiner les facteurs pronostiques. L’hypothese etait que les patients ayant beneficie d’un suivi medicalise recuperent une meilleure fonction de leur main. Dans le service d’accueil des urgences, entre 2010 et 2013, 137 patients ont ete pris en charge pour luxation d’articulation IPP, 102 ont ete recontactes. L’âge moyen etait de 42 ans. Un traumatisme sportif etait retrouve dans 34 % des cas et une chute mecanique dans 49 %. La lesion a concerne le 5e rayon 44 fois. Une fois le diagnostic confirme, les luxations etaient reduites. Un examen clinique et une radiographie post-reduction etaient realises. Les patients etaient immobilises 9 fois sur 10 par syndactylie (59 cas) et attelle en extension de l’IPP (38 cas), pour une duree moyenne de 18 jours. Cinquante pour cent des patients ont ete suivis par un orthopediste, 24 % par leur medecin generaliste et 26 % aucun suivi. Le recul moyen a la revue etait de 19 mois. Le score de Quick-dash etait de 3,6 points. Quatre-vingt pour cent des patients ne presentaient aucune gene fonctionnelle. Une articulation augmentee de volume etait presente dans 70 % des cas. Des douleurs etaient presentes dans 35 % des cas avec EVA moyenne cotee a 1. L’arc de mobilite etait de – 5°/100°. Pour definir l’evolution de ce traumatisme, nous avons realise 3 groupes en fonction du recul. Nous retrouvions une amelioration de la gene fonctionnelle, de la douleur avec l’EVA et de la mobilite en flexion en fonction du recul avec une difference statistiquement significative. L’analyse des facteurs pronostiques retrouvait une influence du type lesionnel sur les resultats avec un deficit d’extension plus important et plus frequent dans les luxations palmaires versus dorso-laterales. Aucune influence du suivi, du type d’immobilisation sur les resultats cliniques n’etait retrouvee. Un deficit d’extension, l’augmentation de volume de l’articulation sont des sequelles habituelles. La mobilite en flexion s’ameliore avec le temps, sa recuperation est toujours fonctionnelle. Des douleurs climatiques peuvent persister jusqu’a 2 ans apres le traumatisme, mais n’entrainent qu’un faible retentissement fonctionnel. Apres la gestion initiale du traumatisme digital par un medecin competent, eliminant toute indication chirurgicale, cette serie a montre l’absence de difference entre les resultats des patients suivis par un orthopediste, un medecin generaliste ou non suivi.

We investigate aspects of holographic duals to time-like warped AdS_3 space-times--which include G\"odel's universe--in string theory. Using worldsheet techniques similar to those that have been applied to AdS_3 backgrounds, we are able to identify space-time symmetry algebras that act on the dual boundary theory. In particular, we always find at least one Virasoro algebra with computable central charge. Interestingly, there exists a dense set of points in the moduli space of these models in which there is actually a second commuting Virasoro algebra, typically with different central charge than the first. We analyze the supersymmetry of the backgrounds, finding related enhancements, and comment on possible interpretations of these results. We also perform an asymptotic symmetry analysis at the level of supergravity, providing additional support for the worldsheet analysis., Comment: 24 pages + appendices

We obtain a family of heterotic supergravity backgrounds describing non-Kahler warped conifolds with three-form flux and an Abelian gauge bundle, preserving N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions. At large distance from the singularity the usual Ricci-flat conifold is recovered. By performing a Z_2 orbifold of the T^{1,1} base, the conifold singularity can be blown-up to a four-cycle, leading to a completely smooth geometry. Remarkably, the throat regions of the solutions, which can be isolated from the asymptotic Ricci-flat geometry using a double-scaling limit, possess a worldsheet CFT description in terms of heterotic cosets whose target space is the warped resolved orbifoldized conifold. Thus this construction provides exact solutions of the modified Bianchi identity. By solving algebraically these CFTs we compute the exact tree-level heterotic string spectrum and describe worldsheet non-perturbative effects. The holographic dual of these solutions, in particular their confining behavior, and the embedding of these fluxed singularities into heterotic compactifications with torsion are also discussed., Comment: 52 pages, 5 figures; v2: small corrections

We study a three-dimensional U(k) Yang-Mills Chern-Simons theory with adjoint matter preserving two supersymmetries. According to Acharya and Vafa, this theory describes the low-energy worldvolume dynamics of BPS domain walls in four-dimensional N=1 SYM theory. We demonstrate how to obtain the same theory in a brane configuration of type IIB string theory that contains threebranes and fivebranes. A combination of string and field theory techniques allows us to re-formulate some of the well-known properties of N=1 SYM domain walls in a geometric language and to postulate a Seiberg-like duality for the Acharya-Vafa theory. In the process, we obtain new information about the dynamics of branes in setups that preserve two supersymmetries. Using similar methods we also study other N=1 CS theories with extra matter in the adjoint and fundamental representations of the gauge group., 25 pages, 5 figures

The moduli space of c=1 conformal field theories in two dimensions has a multicritical point, where a circle theory is equivalent to an orbifold theory. We analyse all the conformal branes in both descriptions of this theory, and find convincing evidence that the full brane spectrum coincides. This shows that the equivalence of the two descriptions at this multicritical point extends to the boundary sector. We also perform the analogous analysis for one of the multicritical points of the N=1 superconformal field theories at c=3/2. Again the brane spectra are identical for both descriptions, however the identification is more subtle., Comment: 32 pages, 2 figures

In a recent paper (hep-th/0703157), Sen studied unstable D-branes in NS5-branes backgrounds and argued that in the strong curvature regime the universal open string tachyon (on D-branes of the wrong dimensionality) and the geometric tachyon (on D-branes that are BPS in flat space but not in this background) may become equivalent. We study in this note an example of a non-BPS suspended D-brane vs. a BPS D-brane at equal distance between two fivebranes. We use boundary worldsheet CFT methods to show that these two unstable branes are identical., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure; ver. 2 to appear in JHEP: one comment, refs and appendices added

Introduction En 2013, dans notre service, 147 patients ont beneficie d’une osteosynthese par plaque anterieure contre 71 par embrochage pour le traitement d’une fracture de l’extremite distale du radius (EDR). Objectif Preciser la place du brochage intra-focal dans le traitement des fractures EDR. Patients et methode En 2013, 71 patients ont ete traites par embrochage pour une fracture EDR. Quinze patients ont ete exclus et 7 ont ete perdus de vue. Quarante-neuf patients ont ete revus - 30 femmes et 19 hommes d’âge moyen 45 ans. Trois groupes ont ete effectues- groupe A (17–50 ans) - 26 patients+ groupe B (50–70 ans) - 15 patients, groupe C (au-dela des 70 ans) - 8 patients. Les fractures EDR etaient toutes a bascule dorsale, et extra-articulaires pour 47. Une radiographie de face et de profil etaient effectuees a j2 et j45 pour mesurer - inclinaison radiale (IR), index radio-ulnaire distal (IRU) et pente radiale (R). Vingt et un patients ont ete immobilises par une orthese antebrachio-palmaire (ABP) pendant 45 jours, et 28 par une orthese brachio-antebrachio-palmaire (BABP) pendant 3 semaines, relaye par une orthese ABP. La kinesitherapie a demarre pour tous les patients j45. Resultats Vingt et un deplacements secondaires, dont 7 dans le groupe C ont ete constates. Il y a eu 3 demontages (tous dans le groupe C), et 1 seule reprise chirurgicale dans les 15 jours pour un deplacement anterieur. L’IRU a augmente dans les 3 groupes (+0,75 groupe A, +0,2 groupe B, +2,30 groupe C). Les broches ont toutes etaient retirees a 45 jours de la chirurgie. Le suivi des patients s’est arrete a 45 jours pour 20 patients et a 3 mois pour 29. A 3 mois, 17 patients se plaignaient encore de douleur et de raideur, les mobilites retrouvees etaient en flexion de 42° (30° a 60°), en extension de 51° (20° a 65°), en pronation de 70° et en supination de 65°. Discussion et conclusion En 2013, le traitement par brochage IF des fractures EDR a concerne 38 % de nos patients. Un deplacement secondaire a ete observe dans 43 % des cas, majoritairement dans le groupe C (88 % de deplacement et 36 % de demontage). A l’inverse, dans le groupe A, chez les 8 patients de moins de 20 ans, le deplacement secondaire etait de 12,5 %. Le brochage intra-focal a encore sa place dans notre arsenal therapeutique pour les fractures EDR extra-articulaire a bascule posterieure sans comminution chez les patients de moins de 70 ans.

We study the decay of the unstable D-particle in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time using worldsheet boundary conformal field theory methods. We test the open string completeness conjecture in a background for which the phase space available is only field-theoretic. This could present a serious challenge to the claim. We compute the emission of closed strings in the AdS(3) x S^3 x T^4 background from the knowledge of the exact corresponding boundary state we construct. We show that the energy stored in the brane is mainly converted into very excited long strings. The energy stored in short strings and in open string pair production is much smaller and finite for any value of the string coupling. We find no "missing energy" problem. We compare our results to those obtained for a decay in flat space-time and to a background in the presence of a linear dilaton. Some remarks on holographic aspects of the problem are made., Comment: JHEP style, 45 pages, one figure; v2: typos corrected, references added, version to appear in JHEP

We review recent progress in the study of non-rational (boundary) conformal field theories and their applications to describe exact holographic backgrounds in superstring theory. We focus mainly on the example of the supersymmetric coset SL(2,R)/U(1), corresponding to the two-dimensional black hole, and its dual N=2 Liouville. In particular we discuss the modular properties of their characters, their partition function as well as the exact boundary states for their various D-branes. Then these results are used to construct the corresponding quantities in the CFT of the NS5-brane background, with applications to Little String Theories., 5 pages, one figure; contribution to the proceedings of RTN Workshop, Kolymbari, Crete, Greece, 5-10 September 2004

We analyze in detail the D-branes in the near-horizon limit of NS5-branes on a circle, the holographic dual of little string theory in a double scaling limit. We emphasize their geometry in the background of the NS5-branes and show the relation with D-branes in coset models. The exact one-point function giving the coupling of the closed string states with the D-branes and the spectrum of open strings is computed. Using these results, we analyze several aspects of Hanany-Witten setups, using exact CFT analysis. In particular we identify the open string spectrum on the D-branes stretched between NS5-branes which confirms the low-energy analysis in brane constructions, and that allows to go to higher energy scales. As an application we show the emergence of the beta-function of the N=2 gauge theory on D4-branes stretching between NS5-branes from the boundary states describing the D4-branes. We also speculate on the possibility of getting a matrix model description of little string theory from the effective theory on the D1-branes. By considering D3-branes orthogonal to the NS5-branes we find a CFT incarnation of the Hanany-Witten effect of anomalous creation of D-branes. Finally we give an brief description of some non-BPS D-branes., JHEP class; 61 pages, 12 figures. v2: small corrections, references added; v3: some corrections in the non-BPS branes section, published version

We compute the partition function of the supersymmetric two-dimensional Euclidean black hole geometry described by the SL(2,R)/U(1) superconformal field theory. We decompose the result in terms of characters of the N=2 superconformal symmetry. We point out puzzling sectors of states besides finding expected discrete and continuous contributions to the partition function. By adding an N=2 minimal model factor of the correct central charge and projecting on integral N=2 charges we compute the partition function of the background dual to little string theory in a double scaling limit. We show the precise correspondence between this theory and the background for NS5-branes on a circle, due to an exact description of the background as a null gauging of SL(2,R) x SU(2). Finally, we discuss the interplay between GSO projection and target space geometry., JHEP class, 35 pages, no figures; v2: minor changes, typos corrected, published version

We define extended SL(2,R)/U(1) characters which include a sum over winding sectors. By embedding these characters into similarly extended characters of N=2 algebras, we show that they have nice modular transformation properties. We calculate the modular matrices of this simple but non-trivial non-rational conformal field theory explicitly . As a result, we show that discrete SL(2,R) representations mix with continuous SL(2,R) representations under modular transformations in the coset conformal field theory. We comment upon the significance of our results for a general theory of non-rational conformal field theories., Comment: JHEP style, 25 pages, 2 figures, v2: minor corrections, reference added, version to appear in JHEP

We show that a Goedel-like deformation of AdS3 in heterotic string theory can be realized as an exact string background. Indeed this class of solutions is obtained as an exactly marginal deformation of the conformal field theory describing the NS5/F1 heterotic background. It can also be embedded in type II superstrings as a Kaluza-Klein reduction. We compute the spectrum of this model as well as the genus one modular invariant partition function. We discuss the issue of closed timelike curves and the propagation of long strings. They destabilize completely the background, although we construct another exact string background that may describe the result of the condensation of these long strings. Closed timelike curves are avoided in that case., 23 pages; v2: minor changes, references added, version to appear in JHEP

We study a non-standard decoupling limit of the D1/D5-brane system, which interpolates between the near-horizon geometry of the D1/D5 background and the near-horizon limit of the pure D5-brane geometry. The S-dual description of this background is actually an exactly solvable two-dimensional (worldsheet) conformal field theory: {null-deformed SL(2,R)} x SU(2) x T^4 or K3. This model is free of strong-coupling singularities. By a careful treatment of the SL(2,R), based on the better-understood SL(2,R) / U(1) coset, we obtain the full partition function for superstrings on SL(2,R) x SU(2) x K3. This allows us to compute the partition functions for the J^3 and J^2 current-current deformations, as well as the full line of supersymmetric null deformations, which links the SL(2,R) conformal field theory with linear dilaton theory. The holographic interpretation of this setup is a renormalization-group flow between the decoupled NS5-brane world-volume theory in the ultraviolet (Little String Theory), and the low-energy dynamics of super Yang--Mills string-like instantons in six dimensions., Comment: JHEP style, 59 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor changes, to appear in JHEP

Introduction La localisation aux phalanges et aux metacarpiens des enchondromes est frequente, classiquement traitee par curetage et comblement de la cavite metaphyso-diaphysaire tumorale de nature variable, sans consensus dans la litterature. Le but de ce travail retrospectif etait de comparer les resultats cliniques et radiologiques entre greffe spongieuse autologue et substitut osseux phosphocalcique ; au sein de la meme equipe, le choix entre l’une et l’autre des methodes appartenait a la convenance de l’operateur. Un recul minimum de deux ans a ete volontairement porte a 2 ans afin d’evaluer le risque de recidive et l’integration des deux types de greffe excluant les cas recents et/ou traites anciennement avant que les substituts osseux ne soient disponibles (n = 20). Materiel et methode La serie comportait 27 chondromes solitaires traites en premiere intention entre 1995 et 2010 chez 26 patients (16 femmes et 10 hommes) d’âge moyen 41 ans (18–77). Leurs localisations etaient preferentiellement metaphysaire sur les rayons cubitaux (14 cas). Une fracture pathologique 12 fois et des douleurs 4 fois ont ete le motif revelateur ; pour 9, il s’agissait d’une decouverte fortuite L’osteolyse representait en moyenne 53 % de la longueur de l’os porteur (20–100 %). Apres un evidemment scrupuleux a la curette, la cavite etait irriguee sous pression et comblee par une greffe spongieuse autologue (serie A) chez 11 patients (10 iliaques et 1 radiale), ou un substitut osseux (serie S) sous forme de granules de biphases de phosphate tricalcique et hydrox apatite chez 11 patients (SBM). Deux chondromes ont ete stabilises par une osteosynthese. Outre les criteres cliniques les resultats ont ete evalues sur l’integration radiologique et la recidive tumorale selon Tordai. Resultats La duree operatoire moyenne a ete de 61 min (30–100) et de 1,7 jours (dont 5 en ambulatoire strict) dans la serie A ; pour la serie S les durees moyennes etaient respectivement de 33 min (20–45) et 3 jours. Sept des 16 patients de la serie A ont consomme en postoperatoire des morphiniques et aucun de la serie S. Un cas d’algodystrophie a ete deplore. Un patient a beneficie d’une arthrolyse complementaire. Au recul moyen de 7,8 ans (2–24), 6 patients presentaient une raideur sequellaire sans retentissement sur leur activite quotidienne autant dans les deux series. Un patient presentait une meralgie et trois une cicatrice douloureuse du site iliaque du prelevement. Deux chondromes traites par autogreffe ont recidive a 4 et 16 ans. Pour les autres cas classes Tordai 1, l’integration a ete en moyenne de 149 jours (extremes 86/295) dans la serie A et 561 (43/90) dans la serie S. Discussion/Conclusion Malgre le nombre restreint de patients, l’absence de randomisation vraie, le caractere subjectif des criteres radiologiques cette etude comparative a montre la superiorite du comblement par substitut osseux : duree operatoire et sejour hospitalier plus courts, absence de morbidite, fiabilite du comblement semblant etre la meilleure prevention de la recidive. La longueur de l’integration du substitut – plus de 1,5 ans – est liee a ses proprietes osteo-conductrices et non pas osteo-inductrices qui appartiennent aux seules autogreffes. La necessite du comblement des chondromes de la main apres evidement soigneux ne fait pas l’unanimite dans la litterature ; cependant ce travail semble valider l’hypothese de la prevention de la recidive par un comblement de la cavite tumorale.

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a polluted soil was found to produce an extracellular bioemulsifier when cultivated on hexadecane as sole carbon source. The emulsifier was precipitated with acetone and redissolved in sterile water. Dodecane, crude oil and kerosene were found to be good substrates for emulsification by the bioemulsifier. Growth and bioemulsifier production reached the optimal levels on the fourth and fifth day, respectively. Emulsifying activity was observed over a pH range of 3.5 to 10.0 with a maximum at pH 7.0. The activity of the bioemulsifier was heat stable up to 70 °C while about 50 percent of its activity was retained at 100 °C. The components of the bioemulsifier were determined, it was found to contain carbohydrate, protein and lipid. The protein complex was precipitated with ammonium sulphate and fractionated on a Sephadex G-100. Gel electrophoresis of the bioemulsifier showed a single band whose molecular weight was estimated as 14,322 Da. The bioemulsifier was classified as a peptidoglycolipid. Certain strains of P. aeruginosa produce peptidoglycolipid in place of rhamnolipid

Two oil-degrading bacteria identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus luteus were isolated from crude-oil-polluted soils in Nigeria. The organisms were grown on n-hexadecane and sodium succinate and then examined for the presence of hydrocarbon inclusions. Inclusion bodies were found in n-hexadecane-grown cells and were absent in succinate-grown cells. Formation of hydrocarbon inclusion bodies appears to be a general phenomenon among hydrocarbon utilizers.

Objectif: Les traumatismes perilunaires du carpe sont des traumatismes articulaires complexes rares. L'objectif etait d'evaluer le devenir radio-clinique de ces pathologies et de degager des facteurs de gravite permettant de predire une evolution vers un mauvais resultat clinique ou vers l'arthrose. Materiel et Methode: Il s'agissait d'une etude retrospective realisee au CHU de Toulouse sur la periode de janvier 1995 a mars 2010. Ont ete inclus les patients hospitalises pour un traumatisme aigue unilateral du poignet a type de luxation pure ou de fracture-luxation perilunaire. Tous les patients avaient 2 ans de recul minimum au moment de la revue. La serie comportait 65 patients (62 hommes et 3 femmes) dont 32 travailleurs manuels, d'âge moyen 33 ans. Selon la classification radiologique de Herzberg, il a ete retrouve 18 luxations perilunaires pures et 47 fractures-luxations perilunaires dont 27 formes trans-scapho-perilunaires, et 20 formes a scaphoide intact. Dans 3 cas seulement, la luxation etait anterieure. Deux syndromes de Fenton avaient ete rapportes. Les patients ont tous beneficie d'un traitement chirurgical soit percutane soit a ciel ouvert dans les 6,6 heures en moyenne (2-16 heures) et dans un delai toujours inferieur a 7 jours. Resultats : Au recul moyen de 8 ans (2-16 ans), le score de Cooney moyen etait de 65,9, le Quick-Dash de 21,4 et le PRWE de 28,7. La duree moyenne d'arret de travail etait de 5,3 mois. Seul neuf patients avaient du etre reclasses professionnellement. Le secteur utile de mobilite du poignet etait deplace autant en flexion qu'en extension, avec un arc de flexion-extension moyen du cote traumatise de 95,73°. La force moyenne etait de 37,90 kg. La mesure des indices radiologiques montrait une tendance a la diminution de la hauteur carpienne, a la translation ulnaire du carpe et au DISI. Le taux d'arthrose de ces poignets etait de 58,5%, sans dissociation radio-clinique, conduisant dans 15 % des cas a un geste palliatif. Le taux de necrose etait de 7,7%. Aucune difference n'a pu etre mis en evidence entre le groupe des luxations pures et celui des fractures luxations (p=0,26). Quelque soit la voie d'abord employee, les resultats cliniques demeuraient moyens a mauvais (p=0,043). Le delai de prise en charge precoce ainsi que l'ouverture cutanee ne semblaient pas influencer les resultats radio-cliniques au long cours (p>0,05). Les lesions cartilagineuses constatees en per-operatoire (p=0,0035), la survenue d'une necrose intra-carpienne (p=0,0017), le changement de densite osseuse (p=0,0044), ou la variation de la mesure de l'angle scapho-lunaire (p=0,029), etaient des facteurs pronostics d'arthrose. Discussion-Conclusion: Les luxations et fractures luxations pe´rilunaires du carpe sont des traumatismes articulaires graves a l'origine de sequelles frequentes: raideur, douleurs, perte de force, instabilite du carpe, et arthrose. Un diagnostic precoce et une reduction anatomique sont les prealables necessaires a un resultat fonctionnel satisfaisant. Les lesions capsulo-ligamentaires doivent etre reparees et les fractures fixees. En plus d'un traitement chirurgical en urgence a ciel ouvert, la qualite et l'observance de la reeducation postoperatoire semblent fondamentales.

Is perturbative stability intimately tied with the existence of spacetime fermions in string theory in more than two dimensions? Type 0'B string theory in ten-dimensional flat space is a rare example of a non-tachyonic, non-supersymmetric string theory with a purely bosonic closed string spectrum. However, all known type 0' constructions exhibit massless NSNS tadpoles signaling the fact that we are not expanding around a true vacuum of the theory. In this note, we are searching for perturbatively stable examples of type 0' string theory without massless tadpoles in backgrounds with a spatially varying dilaton. We present two examples with this property in non-critical string theories that exhibit four- and six-dimensional Poincare invariance. We discuss the D-branes that can be embedded in this context and the type of gauge theories that can be constructed in this manner. We also comment on the embedding of these non-critical models in critical string theories and their holographic (Little String Theory) interpretation and propose a general conjecture for the role of asymptotic supersymmetry in perturbative string theory., harvmac, 29 pages; v2 minor changes, version to appear in JHEP