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This paper estimates the market-wide impact of utility-scale renewables on Australia's National Electricity Market (NEM) wholesale prices from 2009 to 2020. The goal is to understand the medium-run impact of renewable generation, as opposed to the short-run impact of weather-driven changes in renewable output. The focus is, therefore, on the relationship between renewable generation (and its growth) and wholesale prices over a long period of time. In particular, we exploit the half-hourly nature of wholesale price setting in the NEM to uncover the impact of solar and wind daily production on the distribution of prices throughout the day. In contrast to the merit-order effect literature, which focuses on the short-run (contemporaneous) impact of renewables, our results suggest that the total daily solar production has a positive, although not always significant, impact on wholesale prices throughout the day during an early development stage of solar generation. For a more recent period, following a substantive increase in utility-scale solar generation, the results are more in line with the merit-order effect literature with total daily solar production reducing wholesale prices for most of the day. This impact, however, is of several orders of magnitude lower than that predicted in the literature. We also show that the daily production of wind has a small negative impact on wholesale prices for most of the day, throughout the entire period of analysis.

L’étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer la production de lait de la chèvre de race Alpine au Sud Bénin, et d’estimer l’influence de la parité, du mois de mise bas et du poids post-partum. Les analyses ont été réalisées avec la procédure des modèles linéaires généralisés et ont porté sur 3820 données de lactations collectées chez 13 chèvres pendant 340 jours. Les résultats ont indiqué une production laitière journalière moyenne de 0,88 ± 0,42 kg, avec un pic de 1,60 kg au quarantième jour. Le mois de mise bas, la parité et le poids post partum de la chèvre ont eu une influence significative (p < 0,001) sur la production journalière. La production a augmenté avec le poids post-partum ainsi qu’avec la parité (en kg ; rang 1 = 0,730 ± 0,320 ; rang 2 = 0,96 ± 0,300 ; rang 3 = 1,05 ± 0,536 ; rang 4 et plus = 1,13 ± 0,330). La prise en compte de ces facteurs d’influence améliorerait la production de lait de la chèvre Alpine dans des conditions semblables.

The crushing process has a major influence on generating the shape properties of mineral aggregates (form, angularity, and texture). It is vital to ensure that the crushing process produces aggregates with no significant variations in shape properties so that the quality and performance of building or pavement materials are not negatively altered. The main objective of this study is to investigate the variations in crushers’ daily production using an imaging technique. Samples from three different crusher sites were collected for 3 consecutive days. Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS) was used to analyze one size of coarse aggregate and one size of fine aggregate. The investigation was carried out by comparing the measured shape properties that AIMS quantify which include (sphericity, angularity, texture, and 2-D form). AIMS captured changes in coarse aggregate texture and sphericity, whereas no significant changes in angularity and 2-D form were detected. Variations in shape properties seem to be more apparent in the coarser sizes suggesting that testing of larger sizes might be more appropriate for investigating variations in crushers productions based on aggregate shape. Observed variations in texture and form between samples on a given day while angularity remained unchanged, is evidence that shape properties are independent of each other. These findings might prove the need to use imaging techniques to select the most efficient crushing practices to meet the desired aggregate shape. The authors recommend conducting similar studies using more aggregate sources and sizes, different crusher types, and longer study periods.

Bioinspired superwettable surfaces have been widely harnessed in diverse applications such as self-cleaning, oil/water separation, and liquid transport. So far, only a little work is focused on scalephobic capability of those superwettable surfaces. However, the troublesome scale deposition will inevitably be observed in our daily production and life, greatly reducing heat transfer efficiency and inhibiting the liquid transport. To address this annoying problem, as the emerging strategy, specific barrier layers are introduced onto superwettable surfaces to reduce or even avoid the direct contact between scale and the surfaces. In this feature article, we first provide the basic concept of bioinspired scalephobic surfaces with specific barrier layers. Then, we briefly introduce the typical fabrication methods of scalephobic surfaces. Later, we summarize recent progress of bioinspired scalephobic surfaces with specific barrier layers. Furthermore, we point out the guiding theory and criteria for the stability of barrier layers. Finally, we put forward the forecast on the existing problems and future direction in bioinspired scalephobic surfaces.

BACKGROUND: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people encounter a range of minority stressors (e.g., harassment, victimization, misgendering) that impact many areas of life. Much of the empirical literature on gender minority stress has utilized frameworks that were developed with a focus on sexual orientation and were often limited to cisgender sexual minorities (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other non-heterosexual individuals), leaving questions about how well existing models fit the experiences of TGD people. AIMS: To expand understandings of gender minority stress, we conducted a daily diary study where participants detailed the types of stressors they encountered on a daily basis for 56 days. METHODS: There were 181 TGD participants recruited into the study (M age = 25.6 years; SD = 5.6), with 167 retained in the daily surveys from which these analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The written responses revealed a variety of stressors, some of which are novel to the literature. Many participants reported instances of non-affirmation, such as misgendering, as well as vicarious stress when learning of oppressive experiences impacting other TGD people and seeing negative media portrayals of the lives of TGD individuals. Participants also reported bodily vigilance when being on alert for how others were perceiving their gender. Other stressors included rejection, political oppression, physical violence, uneasiness from others, and the enforcement of gender binarism. DISCUSSION: These findings highlight gaps in the existing understandings of marginalization for TGD people that must be addressed to ensure that frameworks include and center the experiences of gender minorities.

Background The study objective was to determine impact of a Farm-to-School intervention on low-income, diverse elementary school students' nutrition-related attitudes, self-efficacy, behaviors, and locally grown vegetable choices. Methods Six elementary schools within 1 US school district were equally assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: Local Message, Nutrition Message, or Control. Locally grown vegetables (kale, green beans, zucchini, butternut squash, and beets) were served twice during lunch over 16 weeks. "Local" and "Nutrition" groups also received biweekly nutrition education and a messaging campaign in the cafeteria. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and related behaviors were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Vegetable selection was assessed using the food service daily production records. General linear model analysis, analysis of covariance, and t tests were performed. Results Students in the "Local" group (N = 81) had significantly improved nutrition-related attitudes (p = .0001), preferences (p = .001), and overall vegetable behavior score (p = .002), compared to control (N = 79). There was no difference in overall locally grown vegetable choices, but local beet choices were higher in the "Local" (p = .005) and "Nutrition" (p = .02) groups compared to control. Conclusions Messages about local foods in school cafeterias may improve students' attitudes, preferences, and selection of certain locally grown vegetables.

As one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, Palembang has a history related to the Musi river. The Musi River divides the city of Palembang into Ilir and Ulu. This river was known as a trade route in ancient times, so that many Chinese and Arab immigrants settled on the riverbank. In the Ulu, there are several village areas that are mostly inhabited by Arab residents, one of which is Assegaf Village. This study will specifically discuss the Assegaf village, especially its famous icon, the Alwi Assegaf ice factory. This factory is an integral part of the life chain of the Musi river. Many traditional fishermen rely on the ice factory and it is clear that the Alwi Assegaf ice factory has an impact and influence on residents. The purpose of this research is to explore further history, cultural ideas and actors who play a role in the Alwi Assegaf ice factory. It also aims to reveal the identity of the ice factory itself against the socio-economic conditions in Assegaf Village residents. The research method was carried out qualitatively in the form of interview, field observation and literature reviews. The elements discussed will use the ANT (Actor-Network Theory) method to obtain a mapping description of the actors involved in the daily production of the Alwi Assegaf ice factory. The contribution of this study can be used as a review of further research literature that focuses on actor-network theory analysis. Keywords: Actor-Network Theory, Actor, Assegaf Village, Ice Factory. Relation

Integer Linear Programming is a special form of linear programming which the decision variables are in integer form. Berkah Rasa is a home industry business in the form of Jenang Ayu and Jenang Krasikan processed food. The daily production that carried out by Berkah Rasa is based on the availability of raw materials and the number of requests. So far, Berkah Rasa has not had the right strategy in producing Jenang to get maximum profit. The purpose of this research is to apply integer linear programming to the optimization of Jenang Ayu and Jenang Krasikan production. The method used to solve this problem is the cutting plane method. The results of the research obtained is the optimal solution for Berkah Rasa, that is by producing 25 kg of Jenang Ayu and 22 kg of Jenang Krasikan every day. So that the benefits obtained by Berkah Rasa every day are IDR 727,000.00.

Four treatments (T 1 through T 4 ), based on pelleted concentrates varying in as fed crude protein (CP) contents (10.8, 12.2, 13.4, and 15.3%, respectively), but theoretically isocaloric (1.67-1.70 Mcal net energy/kg), were compared for efficacy as pasture supplements. Eighteen multiparous cows began the experiment individually not later than 8 weeks postpartum. Five were assigned to T 1 and T 3 and four to T 2 and T 4 . Daily concentrate allowances were according to milk production, but 4.5 kg was set as the arbitrary minimum. Nocturnal rotational grazing was in 12 0.5-ha paddocks of little fertilized, heterogeneous, gramineous swards, which fluctuated in quality from adequate to marginal during 11 1/2 months of experimentation. Cows assigned to the four treatments in order produced 21.3 ± 3.0, 22.5 ± 4.4, 20.3 ± 2.5, and 20.4 ± 4.5 kg of milk daily during the 5 days before commencing the experiment, and 14.4 ± 1.2, 16.8 ± 3.9, 15.2 ± 2.4 and 14.2 ± 2.4 kg during the 32 weeks of experimentation. Although treatments did not differ significantly (P>.05) over-all, T 1 dropped in daily production by 2.7 kg during the initial 4-week interval and persistency decreased in high-producing cows; T 2 also caused a large early decline in production, but superior persistency thereafter. Mean milk fat percentages were 2.78 ± .49, 2.68 ± .44, 2.88 ± .33, and 3.17 ± .37 for 7, through T 4 . Early depression of milk fat was probably due to high concentrate and inadequate fiber intakes. Concentrate intake ranged from 5.82 kg in T 4 to 7.1 0 kg in T 2 over 32 weeks; milk/concentrate ratio ranged from 2.33 in T 3 to 2.45 in T 4 . Only in T 1 was appreciable liveweight (20 kg) temporarily lost early in the experiment. Concentrates containing 13 to 14% CP can be tentatively recommended as supplements to pastures of adequate quality, when fed to meet energy requirements of cows producing up to at least 20 kg of milk daily.

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the daily life of female workers of the Ishim shoe factory No. 4 during the Great Patriotic War. To study the everyday life of women during the war years, the office documents of the factory and local authorities, as well as documents of personal origin, are used. The study is based on a historical and anthropological approach to the past. Descriptive method and oral history method are applied. The author comes to the conclusion that thanks to the efforts of women, who were the main labor force of the factory, in a short time the evacuated enterprise not only began to function in a new place, but also became a model for other enterprises of the Ishim region. The women not only over fulfilled the plan for sewing shoes, but also fully met the production needs of the enterprise: they prepared peat and firewood organized vegetable gardens and stored vegetables for the factory canteen. In addition, women were actively involved in social work taking care of the evacuees, collecting money, food and warm clothes for the needs of the front. Along with the development of new social roles by women, they retained their traditional responsibilities related to maintaining a home and raising children. Similar transformations in the social behavior of women occurred against the background of a deterioration in living conditions, a reduction in living standards, a lack of nutrition, and complications of the epidemiological situation. With the complication of her social roles, a woman during the war years carried an important social function associated with the creation of a special spiritual atmosphere, simultaneously reconciling with the brutal military reality and maintaining the hope of a return to peacetime

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of veterinary care on milk production and quality variables in rural properties of Goiás. The objective was also to verify the farmers' knowledge on antimicrobials. A total of 132 farms were visited in the state of Goiás, where interviews were carried out in order to characterize the farm, the influence of veterinary assistance on productive and sanitary aspects, and the way antimicrobials were used. Pearson's chi-square test (χ2) was used to verify the dependency or independence of variables. It was verified that 55.3% of the farms had dairy production below 250 L per day. However, 60.2% of the total milk produced on the 132 farms visited came from only 15 farms (11.4%), with production above 1,000 L per day. Veterinary assistance was present in 56% of the farms and a significant association was identified between veterinary assistance and the variables: type of farm (p = 0.025), husbandry system (p = 0.015), number of milkings per day (p = 0.0007), daily production per cow (p = 0.0006), and antimicrobial prescription (p < 0.0001). The farmers know that milk with antimicrobial residues must be discarded; however, they do not do it properly. Farms with lower average daily production per cow showed higher use of antimicrobials on their own initiative (p = 0.02). With urgency, the expansion of technical assistance and training of farmers regarding milk production is required to prevent risks associated with public health in Goiás.

Oil was explored and found by Royal Dutch (Shell Group) geologist in early 1900. And since Indonesia’s independence, development in oil and gas projects was able to put Indonesia as one of major oil exporter country with daily production above 1 Million barrel per day in 1970 – 1990. With time as fields become mature, some of the fields have come to the end of its life cycle, where mostly 70% of Indonesia total old oil wells will have no economic value and has to be permanently Plug and Abandonment (P&A) as ruled by the government. It’s part of decommissioning an entire field with environmental preservation which called Abandonment and Site Restoration (ASR). As P&A will impact operating company investment as outlined in Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) No. 15, 2008, efficient P&A operation should be evaluated to ensure proper planning and executions. The subject of evaluation is X well located onshore at Y Field, Java, Indonesia. P&A operation with multiple cements plugs as barriers to ensure no fluids migrations from one formation to others, or to surface. Evaluation between workover rig and rigless P&A operation with coiled tubing unit (CTU) and electric line (E-line) will be presented in this paper to value the expenditures and achieving the result as standardize by the government with accordance of operating company standard. Results show that rigless operation is the preferable solution, which lead to cost effective operation. Rigless operation saves 25% of P&A operations even tough with longer operation days.

The Williston Basin Bakken petroleum system is a giant continuous accumulation. The petroleum system is characterized by low-porosity and -permeability reservoirs, organic-rich source rocks, and regional hydrocarbon charge. Total Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formation production to June 2019 is 3.3 billion bbl (0.52 billion m3) and 4.8 tcf of gas (0.135 trillion m3) from 19,075 wells. Daily production is over 1 million bbl (160,000 m3) per day. The Bakken Formation regionally in the Williston Basin consists of four members: upper and lower organic-rich black shale, a middle member (silty dolostone or limestone to sandstone lithology), and a basal member recently named the Pronghorn. The Bakken Formation ranges in thickness from a wedge edge to more than 140 ft (42.6 m), with the thickest area in the Bakken located in northwest North Dakota, east of the Nesson anticline. The Three Forks is a silty dolostone throughout much of its stratigraphic interval. The Three Forks ranges in thickness from less than 25 ft to more than 250 ft (7.6–76.2 m) in the mapped area. Thickness patterns are controlled by paleostructural features such as the Poplar Dome and Nesson, Antelope, Cedar Creek, and Bottineau anticlines. Thinning and or truncation occurs over the crest of the highs, and thickening of strata occurs on the flanks of the highs. The Three Forks can be subdivided into three units (up to six by some authors). Most of the development activity in the Three Forks targets the upper Three Forks.

Due to good quality of soil in the Peshawar region (North-West of Pakistan) and the expertise of the local labors in brick’s production, bricks of this region is more popular in the country and exported to different provinces of the country as well as to Afghanistan. There are approximately 450 brick kilns in Peshawar and their production per day/brick-kiln is around 75,000 bricks; hence the daily production is about 3.4 Million. This study examines the physical and mechanical properties of local earthen clay bricks and their production in Peshawar city. There is a lack of relevant data about the excellence of locally made bricks and the selection of proper bricks kiln for any intended use of suitable bricks. Initially, out of 450 brick kilns, the location of 254 were noted through the Global Positioning System (GPS) to represent their location on google map using their coordinates. However, the whole area was distributed in four zones from which 50 brick kilns were selected from all zones. The analysis shows that bricks from all the selected kilns have acceptable engineering properties fulfilling American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM C67) guidelines. The mechanical properties of 1st class bricks have large variability, showing less porosity (19%), high compressive strength (CS) up to 24.27 MPa, and low water absorption (WA) rate of 11.9%. The CS of 1st class bricks was 56.73% greater than the standard CS whereas, it was 46.2% and 38.88% greater in case of 2nd and 3rd class bricks, respectively. A strong correlation was found in CS and WA, which was 76.83% in 1st class bricks and 77.44% and 85.29% in the 2nd and 3rd class bricks. Using Quantum Geographical Information System (QGIS), the results obtained along with kiln coordinates and other required parameters have been presented graphically. Inventory of the brick kilns for the selected zones has been developed using QGIS, which can be used by various relevant departments, contractors, and environmental protection agencies.

Une étude socio-économique a été conduite sur 602 pêcheurs répartis dans 16 camps de pêche dans la partie sud-ouest du lac Albert dans le but d’évaluer les activités des pêcheries. Dans chaque camp, les engins de pêche ont été identifiés, caractérisés et dénombrés ; et la composition des captures de poisson évaluée par type d’engin. 8 engins de pêche ont été identifiés, y compris des engins prohibés selon la réglementation de 2016, notamment le filet monofilament et les nasses. La palangre (1343,64 ± 832,5 m), le filet dormant de fond (1053,05 ± 520 m) et le filet dormant de surface (766,26 ± 536 m) ont été les plus utilisés. La senne de tournante était identifiée comme l’engin le plus productif, avec 183,18 ± 49,02 kg/jour pendant la bonne période et 20,89 ± 12,94 kg/jour pendant la mauvaise période), mais elle a été aussi la moins sélective de tous les engins identifiés. La pêche au filet dormant a donné une production journalière d’environ 62,7 kg en moyenne pendant la bonne période et de 10 kg pendant la mauvaise. L’occupation des zones de frayère, l’augmentation de l’effort de pêche, et l’utilisation des engins prohibés étaient considérées comme causes majeures de la baisse de productivité du lac Albert. Il demeure urgent d’appliquer la réglementation afin de protéger l’ichtyofaune du lac. Mots clés : Organisation, pêcheries, Sud-Ouest, lac Albert. English Title: Socio-economic study of fisheries in the southwest part of Lake Albert (Ituri, DR Congo)A socio-economic study was conducted on 602 fishermen in 16 fishing camps in the southwestern part of Lake Albert in order to assess the activities of the fisheries. In each camp, the fishing gear was identified, characterized and counted; and the composition of fish catches assessed by gear type. 8 fishing gear have been identified, including gear prohibited under the 2016 regulations, notably the monofilament net and the nets. The length (1343.64 ± 832.5 m), the bottom fixed net (1053.05 ± 520 m) and the surface fixed net (766.26 ± 536 m) were the most used. The purse seine was identified as the most productive gear, with 183.18 ± 49.02 kg / day during the good period and 20.89 ± 12.94 kg / day during the bad period), but it was also the least selective of all the gear identified. The dormant net fishery gave an average daily production of around 62.7 kg during the good period and 10 kg during the bad period. The occupation of the spawning grounds, the increase in fishing effort, and the use of prohibited gear were considered as major causes of the decline in productivity of Lake Albert. There remains an urgent need to enforce regulations to protect the lake's fish fauna. Keywords: Organization, fisheries, Southwest, Lake Albert.

We study the adoption of energy-efficient LED lighting in garment factories around Bangalore, India. Combining daily production line–level data with weather data, we estimate a negative, nonlinear productivity-temperature gradient. We find that LED lighting raises productivity on hot days. Using the firm's costs data, we estimate that the payback period for LED adoption is less than one-third the length after accounting for productivity co-benefits. The average factory in our data gains about $2,880 in power consumption savings and about $7,500 in productivity gains.

O presente trabalho traz um estudo para a obtenção da flexibilização das linhas de montagem na planta Anchieta da Volkswagen do Brasil. Para a implantação da flexibilização foram utilizadas interfaces inteligentes para controlar restrições e distribuições do mesmo modelo de automóvel em duas linhas produtivas. Foram aplicadas quatro interfaces inteligentes em duas linhas de produção automotivas distintas, onde o modelo Gol precisava ser feito nas duas linhas, obedecendo as restrições técnicas para alguns acabamentos específicos e visando atingir a meta de produção nestas duas linhas. Estas interfaces eram responsáveis em fazer a identificação do produto, analisar as restrições técnicas, assegurar que não existe ordem de produção duplicada e calcular a quantidade no circulante pelo volume entre o ponto de início de montagem até o ponto de escolha de linha. A automação implantada mudou de forma concreta o modo como as pessoas trabalham no dia a dia. Essa implementação foi fundamental para que a empresa conseguisse utilizar as duas linhas de processo de montagem, fazendo o modelo Gol básico, para atender a sua meta de produção diária otimizando seu curso no processo produtivo.

Peanut protein is easily digested and absorbed by the human body, and peanut tofu does not contain flatulence factors and beany flour. However, at present, there is no industrial preparation process of peanut tofu, whereas the quality of tofu prepared by different peanut varieties is quite different. This study established an industrial feasible production process of peanut tofu and optimized the key process that regulates its quality. Compared with the existing method, the production time is reduced by 53.80%, therefore the daily production output is increased by 183.33%. The chemical properties of 26 peanut varieties and the quality characteristics of tofu prepared from these 26 varieties were determined. The peanut varieties were classified based on the quality characteristics of tofu using the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) method, out of which 7 varieties were screened out which were suitable for preparing peanut tofu. An evaluation standard was founded based on peanut tofu qualities. Six chemical trait indexes were correlated with peanut tofu qualities (P

This study investigates the determinants of comparative advantage of crude oil production in 10 OPEC and 10 non‐OPEC countries over the period 1990–2016. The study calculates the comparative advantage using the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage index (NRCA) and further estimates the relationship between the comparative advantage and three explanatory variables using panel autoregressive distributed lag (panel ARDL) in a separate panel for each group of countries. The result of NRCA shows that all OPEC countries have a comparative advantage in crude oil production, whereas five of the 10 non‐OPEC countries have a comparative advantage in crude oil production. The result of the ARDL indicates that crude oil price (COP) and average of daily production (ADP) positively affect comparative advantage of crude oil production. The effect of natural resources (PR) is negative, suggesting that an increase in PR decreases the comparative advantage of these countries—a result that aligns with the philosophy of Hotelling rent. Finally, bidirectional Granger causality is established between all the investigated variables in both panels.

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.

This research aims to investigate the effect of integrating a simple solar collector, floatable black wicks, and orientation as modified double-slope solar still (MDSSS), and to compare its performance with conventional double-slope solar still (CDSSS). Costs of the developed desalination system were estimated, and its performance was compared with the previous literatures. A black hose was coiled and used as simple solar collector for preheating the saline water that is fed to the solar still. The floatable black wicks were used to increase the evaporation surface area and cause a localization of absorbed insolation at the evaporation surface of saline water. The longitudinal axis of solar still was oriented to north-south and east-west, the and productivity from each side was quantified. The northern side of MDSSS has more yield than the southern side by 33.98% for the east-west orientation and preheating. For the east-west orientation, preheating, and floatable black wicks, the total yield of MDSSS exceeded the CDSSS by 45.65%. And at the same conditions, the daily average efficiency of southern and northern sides of MDSSS was 25.33 and 37.25%, while for CDSSS, it was 13.87 and 30.73%, respectively. Estimated costs revealed that cost per liter water was about 0.062 and 0.059 $ for CDSSS and MDSSS, respectively. Solar still can provide a reasonable amount of water for irrigation based on daily production by installing the MDSSS in furrow, but keeping the longitudinal axis to east-west can secure more amount of water. The used modifications improved the solar still productivity and efficiency.

Since there is not enough data about milkability of the Jersey cows, the aim of this paper is to show basic milkability traits of this cattle breed depending on the parity and milk flow curve types. Cows had average daily production (DMY) of 22.23 kg, milk yield per milking (MYM) of 9.72 kg, and average and maximum milk flow about 1.66 and 2.49 kg/min, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that DMY and MYM of the cows in 4th parity was significantly (p

La evaluación económica de la producción lechera en el período 2014-2018 se desarrolló en la estación Tunshi –ESPOCH, para lo cual se utilizó registros productivos diarios de las vacas en producción las cuales se analizaron tomando en consideración los efectos factores ambientales sobre la producción de leche de las diferentes lactancias de vacas. La caracterización incluyó el cálculo de los días de lactancia en semanas de producción ajustado a los 305 días de lactancia promedio considerado por la NRC, también basado en el volumen de producción de leche (lts) por lactancia. El rendimiento por lactancia ajustada a los 305 días fue menor en vacas de primer parto con una producción de 2675.37/lactancia, , en comparación con las vacas de sexta lactancia 5160.90 lts/lactancia, valor que refleja la madurez fisiológica y reproductiva de la vaca, y el potencial genético demostrado en la producción de leche a esta etapa de su vida productiva y reproductiva. El rendimiento al pico de lactancia fue menor en vacas primíparas la cual se ajusta a una ecuación lineal de quinto con (80.5 lts /semana, con un promedio de producción diaria de 12 litros en la primera semana de la lactancia, el mismo que se ve influenciado por factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos lo que hace que varíen a medida que transcurre la lactancia en comparación con las multíparas, (108.9 lts/ semana, con un promedio de producción diaria de 15.5 litros/día, en la primera semana de la lactancia; las curvas de lactancia son descritas con una ecuación de quinto orden. Se determinó que las vacas son más eficientes en la sexta lactancia, , y que la productividad de las vacas está estrechamente relacionado con la madurez fisiológica y la secreción de la leche se incremente a medida que alcanza su madurez productiva.

In order to meet increasingly demanding environmental regulations, redesigning mass-manufactured products for sustainable reuse is of great interest. A good percentage of the estimated world daily production of billion or so single-use Polyethylenterephtalate (PET) bottles does not get recycled. Therefore, the availability of such a bottle to meet multi-use requirements would have dramatically positive effects toward reducing plastic waste. While autoclaving is not recommended for PET, other (gas) sterilization methods are suitable. With different end of life scenarios (reuse, recycling, or re-manufacture), the “Energy End of Life” potential is a measure of the energy that could possibly be recovered at the end of life of a product. Even for a single reuse of a typical 500 ml PET bottle, our findings estimate that one reuse of 500 ml bottle will save about 1 MJ per bottle. As compared with the recycling option, our estimates calculate 74% more energy savings and produce 182% less CO2 for one reuse option. For the estimated world daily production of one billion bottles, assuming all bottles are reused only once, the resulting energy savings are estimated at 0.365 * 1018 J (or 0.365 Exa Joules) of energy. Similarly, 0.033 kg of CO2 per bottle or 0.033 kg CO2 * 365 * 109= 1.1 x 1010 kg CO2 savings can be realized annually. Proportional multiples of these energy and CO2 savings can be realized for multiple reuses of the same PET bottle. For example, five reuses of a 500mL PET bottle would result in energy worldwide annual savings estimate of 1.82 Exa Joules.

It was decided to analyze the daily milk production in selected lactation periods of Holstein-Friesian cows and to determine its impact on the basic milk components as well as parameters determining its cheese-making usefulness. The lactation was divided into six phases considering subsequent days of lactation after calving: 1st phase up to 30 days, II- 31-60, III- 61-100, IV- 101- 200, V- 201-300, VI >300. In each phase, considering daily milk production, two production groups were selected. The study results suggest that the intensity of daily milk secretion has a significant impact on the share of ingredients commonly assessed for cheese-making utility. Increased daily production of milk may favor a higher protein and casein level, however, there is not such a strong correlation with κ-casein concentration. As a result, it may affect the quality and efficiency of cottage cheese production. At the same time, it should be noted that changes in the content of the analyzed milk components were related to the changes in the chloride level, and their share was dependent on the daily milk production (P

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunch transportation system. This research was conducted at Air Batu Estate Afdeling I PTPN IV, which is located in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in July to August 2018. The method used in this study was a descriptive method by taking data in the field about the arrangement of transportation of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. Observations made included information on the Air Batu estate, estimated daily harvest, transport transportation, daily production and transportation, and obstacles or obstacles to the transportation process. Based on observations made, it was found that: (1) The average loading process time for the rotation II was 64.22 minutes, the average time of the transport process from Afdeling I to PKS for the rotation II was 28.68 minutes, and the average time average unloading process at PKS is duration 18.30 minutes, (2) Based on the SPC for the value of Cp and Cpk for loading, transporting and unloading processing time can be said to be less effective with Cp and Cpk values

U radu predstavljamo slovenska iskustva u praćenju prirasta bibliografskih zapisa te kvaliteta podataka u uzajamnoj bibliografski bazi podataka COBIB.SI. Predstavljeni su podaci o prirastu uzajamne baze za period od 2014. do 2018. godine. Osim kvantitativnih podataka, predstavljene su aktivnosti u okviru sistema za obezbjeđivanje višeg kvaliteta uzajamne baze. Predstavljeni su podaci o praćenju rada katalogizatora početnika (novajlija), kako prije, tako i nakon dobivanja dozvole za uzajamnu katalogizaciju. Predstavljene su i aktivnosti tekućeg praćenja kvaliteta bibliografskih zapisa s akcentom na praćenju kvaliteta bibliografskih zapisa s nedostacima istog tipa, te praćenje zapisa tzv. dnevne produkcije. Počeci imaju osnovu u individualnom pristupu, međutim, taj se pristup pokazao kao neefikasan. Analize nekih izvedenih aktivnosti pokazale su da je danas u prosjeku otklonjeno preko 60% otkrivenih grešaka. Veliki je odaziv katalogizatora, a također su dobro prihvatili ove aktivnosti. Opažamo da putem obavještavanja također skrećemo pažnju na određene novosti ili pomagala prilikom rada na katalogizaciji. Na osnovu analiza prirasta i praćenja trendova, ubuduće ćemo lakše planirati eventualne intervencije u bazi podataka, izvoditi dodatne analize podataka, planirati nove dopune programske opreme itd. Nadamo se da će naše iskustvo dobro doći i ostalim učesnicima u mreži COBISS.net., This paper presents the Slovenian experience with monitoring bibliographic record growth and data quality in the COBIB.SI union bibliographic database. The data on the growth of the union database between 2014 and 2018 is shown. Apart from quantitative data, the activities within the framework of the system for assuring higher quality of the union database are presented. The data on monitoring the work of cataloguers – beginners both before and after acquiring the licence for shared cataloguing is shown. This includes the activity of simultaneous monitoring of bibliographic record quality with the emphasis on monitoring the quality of bibliographic records with shortcomings of the same type and monitoring the records of the so-called daily production. The initial individual approach later proved ineffective. Analyses of certain performed activities have shown that today more than 60% of detected errors are fixed on average. The responsiveness of cataloguers is high, and they have received the activities well. We notice that we are not only informing but also raising awareness e.g. on certain innovations or tools in the field of cataloguing. Based on growth analyses and trend monitoring it will be easier to plan possible database interventions, perform additional data analyses, plan new software updates and similar in the future. We hope our experience is welcome for all members of COBISS.net.

Background and objectives Applying pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) to platelets can extend their shelf life from 5 to 7 days, but there have been few systematic studies of the repercussions of such technologies on outdate rates. Material and methods The benefits in terms of outdate rates of applying PRT to platelets are studied via a mathematical simulation. Specifically, statistical methods are used to determine the daily production rate needed to meet demand while not exceeding a maximum amount set as a result of limitations on donations and while assuring a minimum daily stock. Results The results show that a 2-day extension in the shelf life of platelet concentrates (PC) results in reductions in outdates ranging from 88·4% to 100% at the production centres analysed. It may be the case for budgetary reasons that only part of the PCs produced can be treated. This being so, we show that if the proportion treated per annum exceeds 25% the best option is to treat part of the output every day, otherwise, it is preferable to concentrate treatment on the last two production days of the week. Conclusions Extending the shelf life of PC from five to seven days and setting up suitable production logistics can drastically reduce outdates at production centres. If only a part of all PCs is treated, the best choices are to distribute PRT overall production days or, if the percentage of PCs treated is very low, to apply PRT on the days preceding the weekend break.

As an important energy source, lithium-ion batteries have vast applications in daily production and life. Therefore, the life prediction of such batteries is of great significance, which can help us maintain the efficacy and reliability of the system powered by lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, a hybrid battery model and an improved particle filter (PF) are developed to better estimate the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion battery. Firstly, a hybrid model is constructed as the degradation model of the battery. The developed hybrid model is a combination of the empirical battery model and neural network model such that it could characterize both the internal mechanism of the battery and the change of external environment in a more accurate way. Then, the beetle antennae search (BAS) based PF (BAS-PF) is utilized to compute the battery parameters online based on the proposed hybrid model. Compared with the existing PF based method, BAS-PF can well handle the problem of diversity loss and improve the estimation accuracy. Finally, the battery data set published by NASA is used as the experiment object. Experiments show that the proposed hybrid model can well represent the internal and external changes of the battery, and the BAS-PF based method has a great improvement in the estimation accuracy. Those results illustrate that the developed technique could achieve an improved life prediction for lithium-ion batteries.

This research intends to estimate the optimal monthly Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) production in a Portuguese public hospital. A time horizon of three years, containing detailed information about the ideal amount of daily production, is included in the evaluation. The objective is to minimize yearly MRI exams cost and maximize the internal production to gradually reduce the response time, which will consequently decrease the waiting list for MRI exams. The current waiting list in the hospital under-study is around 11,4 months, a long response time compared to the 90 days maximum waiting time pre-established by the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS). The results obtained through the developed linear programing model revealed that the under-study hospital must keep the internal and external production on its maximum level for 17 months to reach the expected waiting list length of 90 days. Given that the demand is higher than production capacity, the model exposed that external production will not be totally extinct for a period longer than three months during the analyzed period., FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(undefined), This work has been supported by projects UIDCEC003192019 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030299, from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.

The current experimental work targets to progress in the daily production of fresh water of a single solar still. Two identical solar parabolic dishes were equipped with two conical tanks were integrated with a single solar still and four modules of PV with total power output 1000 W. Each PV module is about 1650 mm × 992 mm × 46 mm dimensions. The proposed system was constructed and tested for three months under the weather conditions of Ismailia, Egypt. The area ratio of the receiver to the absorber is 100. The solar parabolic dish is of 2000 mm diameter. The modified system is used to increase the water basin temperature during the sunrise period. The basin water is recirculated to the cone tanks and sprayed in the solar still to increase the evaporation rate. The proposed system is controlled with a control unit which receives the input signals from various sensors and operates the output. The effect of basin water depths is studied at two values 10 and 20 mm. The experimental results were conducted in three cases that represent the conventional solar still, one solar parabolic dish, and two solar parabolic dishes. The experimental results showed that, the daily distillate productivity in case of one solar dish is 8.8 and 5.45 kg/day at the two water depths 10 and 20 mm, respectively. The usage of the two solar dishes integrates with the solar still increase the daily productivity to reach 13.63 and 7.69 kg/day at the two water depths 10 and 20 mm respectively.

Organic waste is considered a substrate of great interest to produce biohydrogen. In the present work, the influence of some physical and chemical parameters in the operation of a bioreactor for biohydrogen generation were studied, taking as a substrate organic residue from a wholesale food market without adding inoculum. Therefore, an experimental design of central composition was made, with four factors and two levels. The dependent variables were maximum hydrogen content (% of H2), daily production of hydrogen (L H2 d-1) and its cumulative production (L H2). The independent variables were operation pH (pHo), pH of acidification (pHa), the duration time of the acidification stage, and stirring. A numerical optimization was carried out, allowing the prioritization of the factors, and maximizing the response variables. Resulting in a yield of up to 14.9 L H2 d-1, a hydrogen content of 49.2% and a cumulative production of 21.6 L H2, for pHa values of 4.9; pHo between 6 and 6.1; acidification time of 2 d and stirring of 41.4 rpm. Likewise, a graphical optimization was carried out, reaching 14.9 L H2 d-1, a hydrogen content of 44.2% and an accumulated 22.8 L H2, for pHa values between 4.5 and 4.95; pHo between 5.6 and 6.3; acidification time of 2 d, and stirring of 37.1 rpm. Maximum yields were 1.9 L H2 Lwaste.day -1, 4800 mL H2 gCOD -1, and 608.6 m L H2 gTVSadded -1, values similar to those reported by other authors using organic waste in the production of hydrogen, using inoculum. RESUMEN Los residuos orgánicos son considerados sustratos de gran interés para la producción de biohidrógeno. En el presente trabajo se estudió la influencia de algunos parámetros físicos y químicos en la operación de un bioreactor para la generación de biohidrógeno, tomando como sustrato residuos orgánicos provenientes de una central de abasto sin adicionar inóculo. Para ello se realizó un diseño experimental de composición central, con cuatro factores y dos niveles. Las variables dependientes fueron el contenido máximo de hidrógeno (% de H2), la producción diaria de hidrógeno (L H2 d-1) y su producción acumulada (L H2). Las variables independientes fueron, pH de operación (pHo), pH de acidificación (pHa), tiempo de duración de la etapa de acidificación y agitación. Se realizó una optimización numérica que permitió priorizar los factores y maximizar las variables de respuesta, obteniéndose hasta 14,9 L H2 d-1, contenido de hidrógeno de 49,2% y una producción acumulada de 21,6 L H2, para valores de pHa de 4,9; pHo entre 6 y 6,1; tiempo de acidificación de 2 d y agitación de 41,4 rpm. De igual forma se realizó una optimización gráfica alcanzándose 14,9 L H2 d-1, un contenido de hidrógeno de 44,2% y 22,8 L H2 acumulado, para valores de pHa entre 4,5 y 4,95; pHo entre 5,6 y 6,3; tiempo de acidificación de 2 d y agitación de 37,1 rpm. Los rendimientos máximos fueron de 1,9 L H2 Lresiduo.día -1, 4800 mL H2 gDQO -1 y 608,6 mL H2 gSVadicionado -1, valores similares a los reportados por otros autores empleando residuos orgánicos en la producción de hidrógeno usando inóculo.

El presente trabajo de investigación pretende dar una solución óptima a los problemas de inventarios presentes en la panadería “El Chino”, dado que en los últimos tres años por los reportes enviados al administrador del local, se pudo poner en evidencia que, se desconoce la cantidad apropiada de producción de roscas y la periodicidad de la misma, generando un gran número de stock de productos perecederos, que, para evitar una perdida mayor antes de que caduque por completo, éste se vende al precio de costo de producción. Por consiguiente basándose en la información proporcionada proveniente de los años 2017, 2018 y lo que va del 2019, se simulará los meses restantes del año en curso, para proyectar la cantidad de producción de las roscas para el año 2020, por lo que se propone para optimizar el costo de ventas, el uso de herramientas informáticas, técnicas de simulación, y aplicación de modelos matemáticos, metaheurísticos y estocásticos como son el Algoritmo de Montecarlo y el algoritmo Tabú, dando como resultado la cantidad apropiada de producción diaria, misma que será presentada al administrador del local.

Journal of modelling in management (2018). doi:10.1108/JM2-02-2018-0016, Published by Emerald, Bradford

Objectives: To study the effectiveness and implementation of Jishu Hozen (JH) Pillar activity in achieving zero defects, zero accidents, zero breakdown and zero wastages. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A unique approach was adopted based on Action Research. A spiral of cycles involve planning, observing and analyzing. An Action Research team of organization’s personnel was specially formed to carry out the necessary experiments and analysis using the Jishu Hozen pillar of total productive maintenance. Findings: The Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of Alfing has increased over a period of 4 months. But still it has not reached up to World Class Goals i.e 85%. The actual production of the company is very less as compared to the planned production. As a result the performance rating of the machine is very low which affects the overall equipment effectiveness. So the company has to take some measures to increase their daily production as per the capacity of the machine and achieve their targets of planned production. The uniqueness about the study is that Jishu Hozen pillar is used in this study for studying overall effectiveness whereas the other papers reviewed had used all five pillars of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). Application/Improvements: By implementing JH activity, the responsibility and belongingness of the employees is increased and the overall efficiency is increased by 85%. Keywords: Kaizen, Overall Equipment Efficiency, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), Zero Defects

Due to the dense physical properties, low brittleness index, large horizontal stress difference, low development of natural fractures of the Triassic Period reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, the conventional volume fracturing technology is difficult to form complex fractures, and then the single well production is low. For this reason, an intermittent volume fracturing technology has been proposed in this paper. Through the study of the friction characteristics of tight sandstone and the law of the subcritical fracture propagation at the fracture tip under the action of fluid, combined with the model experiments, the technical idea of intermittent volume fracturing is put forward for increasing well production. The field test by using the intermittent volume fracturing technical idea is also carried out. This technology provides a new method for the effective development of tight reservoirs. In the process of this technology, a cyclic fracturing method is adopted. The reservoir is first fractured and then stopped. After a certain interval of time, the main fracturing is carried out again. On the one hand, the use of intermittent stopping time promotes the formation pressure diffusion, reduces the difference of horizontal stress, and promotes the interaction between the main fracture and the natural fracture to improve the fracture complexity. On the other hand, after the fracturing fluid is injected into the reservoir, the aftereffect of “rock fluid chemical action” is used to promote the formation of micro fractures and realize the fracture network fracturing. This technology was applied to two wells in Changqing Oilfield. The average fracturing scale of the two wells is equivalent to the conventional mixture water fracturing, but the fracturing displacement is only half of the conventional mixed water fracturing, and the increase of the pressure can be achieved in multiple seams. Compared with contrast wells, the effective stimulated volume of the two wells increased by 30%, and the oil daily production of the single well is increased by 1.5t. It is indicated that the intermittent volume fracturing technology has obvious effect of increasing production for tight reservoirs.