Search

Being familiar with the clinical evaluation of the breast, as well as being able to understand breast conditions, is important to many medical specialties. The most effective way to handle management is by employing a multidisciplinary team approach. Precisely timed surgical interventions play a crucial role in maximizing psychological, aesthetic, and functional results. Familiarity with the embryology and anatomy of the female breast is essential for a thorough clinical examination and the application of suitable surgical treatments. This article aims to explore the typical embryology and anatomy of the adolescent female breast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic has entailed major changes for education programs affecting university learning nowadays, and for sure more in the future. The universities were forced to abandon face-to-face teaching and to adopt e-teaching overnight. Students’ lives have changed radically in regard to learning, passing the exams, performing specialized practice, and social life. The main objective of this study is to explore various barriers that the students of the social work study program at the University of Pitești had during pandemic. The problem addressed was structured on several topics including: students’ perception of e-learning, students’ fear of getting low grades and losing subsidized seats, teachers’/students’ skills in using technology, the stress during the exams, student health in the pandemic and the impact on employment. This study used a qualitative research method that involved analyzing qualitative narrative data collected through in-depth interviews with students. The results show that the transition to e-learning and e-teaching had advantages such as flexibility and accessibility, but there are limitations too, such as social isolation, lack of student-teacher interaction, connectivity issues (technical problems), and, more importantly – specialized practice limitations. The results of the study highlight the fear faced by students regarding their professional future due to the fact that they have not acquired enough practical skills (knowing that education in social work involves a lot of practical activities and direct interaction with vulnerable groups), that will affect their success in employment. The findings of this study will be helpful for policy makers, including educational community, to conduct and deliver smooth online education and practice in good conditions in such crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most therapeutic agents primarily target cells and tissues in an area of specific pathology. The key to therapeutic success is the targeted release of different drug species at the cellular and subcellular level. The most important obstacle to achieving drug efficacy is the nonspecific distribution of the biologically active substance after administration. By understanding the various factors that can affect oral absorption, there is an opportunity to develop safe and effective nanosystems to improve the oral delivery of therapeutics, alleviating many of the challenges of oral therapy and ultimately benefiting patients. Achieving comprehensive knowledge about the penetration mechanism and biological fate of ingested nanoparticles is very challenging due to intra- and inter-individual variations in gastric emptying time, pH, gastrointestinal flora GI tract composition and mucus layer thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circle of Willis (CoW) is located at the base of the brain, around the optic chiasm and other structures of the interpeduncular fossa. There are other studies in which the „circle of Willis" is not considered a circle, but an arterial polygon with a variable number of sides (from six to ten) depending on the author. Circle of Willis is composed of an anterior arch, which derived from the internal carotid artery and is made of the two paired anterior cerebral arteries and anterior communicating artery, and a posterior arch, made of posterior cerebral artery originating in the vertebrobasilar system, and the two paired posterior communicating arteries, having their origin in the internal carotid system. In this paper we present a comprehensive review of the data regarding the anatomical course and morphological aspects of each of the arteries constituting the circle of Willis, along with their anatomical variants and the pathology that emerged from these anomalies, pointing out their significance for the clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliomas are primary brain tumors that grow from glial cells. These include about 50-55% of all brain tumors. The notion of glial formation incorporates a heterogeneous group of tumors, biological features, treatment and prognosis of which can vary significantly. Currently, glial tumors are tumors that originate from oligodendroglial and astrocytic cells. Glioblastomas and gliomas are the most common brain tumors, with an annual incidence of 5.5 per 100,000 population or 18,000 new diagnoses per year. These tumors are usually associated with a poor prognosis and poor quality of life. The brain is the major organ of the central nervous system that controls and processes most of the body activities. Therefore, the most aggressive brain tumor, namely glioblastoma but also the metastases of other tumors with brain location have a reserved prognosis and a short survival time. Brain tissue has peculiarities compared to other tissues in the body, and the specific microenvironment comprising stem cells and blood-brain barrier, significantly influencing the low rate of glioblastoma metastasis outside the brain. The clinical manifestations of astrocytic tumors depend on the location and pace of tumor development. Well-differentiated diffuse astrocytomas may remain without manifestations for a relatively long period of time. At the same time, people who have developed a glioblastoma may show a rapid deterioration of the general condition. It is very important to understand the morphological classification of glial tumors because complete knowledge of tumor structures and the degree of malignancy can help optimize treatment for each tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circle of Willis is a particular arterial structure that represents an anastomosis between the vertebrobasilar system and the internal carotid system. Many anatomical variants of the constituent arteries of the circle of Willis have been reported so far, both in origin and in length and thickness. In this article we will present the case of an adult male patient with anatomical variants in three of its constituent arteries of the circle of Willis, as well as an anatomical variant of the left vertebral artery, which was associated with the presence of smoking, alcoholism, hypertension and atherosclerosis, who presented a right thalamic hematoma that was followed after 15 months by an ischemic stroke of the brainstem, with a poor prognosis because it cause the patient's death. We will discuss the particular aspects of the case and compare them with the literature. Our case presentation emphasized the fact that the anatomic variants of circle of Willis has significant consequences on its compensatory capacity during stroke, especially in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis and associated hypertension where they can impact patterns of hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebral pathology and in the same time can be crucial in providing effective patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the morphological aspects identified on head CT scans and on autopsy in an adult patient with a ruptured aneurysm located on the Anterior Communicating Artery (ACoA) and associated with an asymmetric circle of Willis (CW) due to the numerous anatomical variants of its constituting arteries. We pointed out that even though there are authors who are in favor of one or the other of the three theories regarding the mechanism of aneurysm development, i.e. the genetic predisposition, the congenital abnormalities, or the hemodynamic vascular stress, we consider that all these theories could be taken into consideration in the same patient with an intracranial aneurysm as in the case presented here we identified four different anatomical variants of the constituting arteries of the CW that were associated with a ACoA aneurysm. Our case presentation could have practical significance for anatomists from a teaching point, as well as for neurosurgeons treating a patients with a sudden subarachnoid hemorrhage as an angio - CT should be employed as early as possible to identify not only the site of a possible aneurysm, but also the possible anatomical vascular variants of CW in order to provide a better prognosis and the best chance of survival for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of social work is an adaptable profession and it changes as our social and cultural needs adjust and change. Challenges include economic factors, demographic changes and technological advances that influence the practice of social work and the formation of future social workers. In this sense, it is necessary to integrate the social media curriculum into the social work curriculum by using a social learning model. The current generation of students in social work was born in the period of the "digital age", therefore, there is a need for a social work curriculum that is relevant to today's world. This research aims to provide a specialized point of view regarding the inclusion of social media platforms in teaching methods in higher education. The results of this study show that specialists have agreed that social work education involves ensuring that learning outcomes are not compromised and that graduates are prepared for practice in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, many studies investigated cerebral circulation due to the clinical significance of circle of Willis (CW) anatomical abnormalities. Various techniques have been used to study the anatomical variants of CW, but non-autopsy investigations have some certain limitations in detecting anatomical variants. Studying morphology of CW constituent arteries on specimens taken during the autopsy allows a direct and wide view of the vessels at the base of the brain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of anatomical abnormalities/variants of CW arteries in the population sample from the North-East region of Romania by assessing the causes of cerebral vascular mortality. This study included patients who died of various medical causes in the Emergency Clinical Hospital "Prof. dr. N. Oblu" Iaşi, in a period of 30 months (01.01.2014-30.06.2016), and who were subjects of a rutine autopsy. Out of the total of 96 available human brains, 28 cases (29.17%) were classified as "abnormal" or "anatomical variants" and these were the cases that were analysed in this research. In this group, 53.57% were males, and the mean age of the cases was 61.78 years. 60.71% of patients with anatomical variations of CW died of cerebrovascular diseases, and 39.29% died of other medical causes, on the first rank being acute myocardial infarction (17.85%). Knowing the frequency of anatomical variations of CW arteries in the population of Moldova can be useful in planning surgery for cerebral aneurysms, to avoid accidental vascular trauma during surgery and can be reported in current anatomy treatises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)