Search

Lo que hago en este texto es activar la fuerza disruptiva de la negritud, es decir, su capacidad para rasgar el velo de la transparencia (por brevemente que sea) y revelar lo que se encuentra en los límites de la justicia.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se analiza brevemente el contenido mínimo del mandato de taxatividad o determinación en materia penal. En una primera parte, se comenta su contenido como un principio político-jurídico fundamental que limita el poder punitivo del Estado. Aquí se reconstruyen dos comprensiones del principio: como regla del lenguaje y como regla de decisión. En una segunda parte se discute la taxatividad entendida como contenido de un derecho humano. Se propone que este derecho, concebido tradicionalmente como una garantía de seguridad jurídica, configura también una suerte de derecho subjetivo a la información sobre las conductas punibles y sus sanciones.

Copyright of Ciencia Jurídica is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El urohial estápresente en la mayoría de los peces óseos, es un hueso impar que se ubica en la región cefálica-ventral y desempeña un papel importante en el mecanismo de cierre y apertura de la boca. En México, tanto la descripción morfológica de los urohiales como su aplicación en el apoyo en la determinación de peces es poco utilizada, por ello la finalidad de este trabajo es iniciar un registro de urohiales de los peces de la costa de Veracruz. Se presenta una morfología comparada del urohial de 56 especies de peces pertenecientes a 40 géneros y 26 familias colectados en la línea costera del estado de Veracruz. Los peces con cuerpo elongado presentan un urohial bajo y elongado, mientras que otros peces como los meros y huachinangos, en su mayoría presentan costillas, la parte terminal en forma lunada y líneas de crecimiento evidentes, otros presentan la parte terminal redondeada y los urohiales de corvinas presentan una proyección en la parte dorsal del cóndilo. Se concluye la factibilidad de utilizar el urohial en la clasificación de familias géneros y especies dada su forma característica entre cada taxon dentro de los teleósteos.

Copyright of Anales de Derecho is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we determine the liquid limit (𝑊𝑙), plasticity index (PI), and plastic limit (Wp) of several natural fine-grained soil samples with the help of machine-learning and statistical methods. This enables us to locate each soil type analysed in the Casagrande plasticity chart with a single measure in pressure-membrane extractors. These machine-learning models showed adjustments in the determination of the liquid limit for design purposes when compared with standardised methods. Similar adjustments were achieved in the determination of the plasticity index, whereas the plastic limit determinations were applicable for control works. Because the best techniques were based in Multiple Linear Regression and Support Vector Machines Regression, they provide explainable plasticity models. In this sense, Wl = (9.94 ± 4.2) + (2.25 ± 0.3) ∙ pF4.2, PI = (-20.47 ± 5.6) + (1.48 ± 0.3) ∙ pF4.2 + (0.21 ± 0.1) ∙ F, and Wp = (23.32 ± 3.5) + (0.60 ± 0.2) ∙ pF4.2 - (0.13 ± 0.04) ∙ F. So that, we propose an alternative, automatic, multi-sample, and static method to address current issues on Atterberg limits determination with standardised tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es la adaptación e implementación en el Laboratorio de Eficiencia Energética Aplicada (LEEA) de la UTN La Plata, de un novedoso método de medición desarrollado por investigadores de la Universidad de Durham (Reino Unido) y la Universidad Politécnica delle Marche (Italia)1. Este método permite determinar la potencia mecánica en el eje de un motor eléctrico asincrónico por medios opto eléctricos, y en el LEEA se utilizará para la determinación de la eficiencia energética para distintos estados de carga. Estas pruebas se realizan con equipamiento de la marca De Lorenzo de 2,4 kW perteneciente al Laboratorio de Máquinas Eléctricas. Para determinar la eficiencia energética del motor la metodología se basa en la medición de la potencia eléctrica consumida y la potencia mecánica que eroga un motor eléctrico en su eje. Para medir la potencia eléctrica se utiliza un Registrador Fluke 235 y para obtener la potencia en el eje del motor se mide la deformación torsional que se produce en una varilla metálica que vincula el motor bajo ensayo con una carga mecánica variable en el eje, esta deformación es proporcional al torque. La deformación torsional se obtiene mediante sensores fotoeléctricos ubicados en cada uno de los extremos de la barra metálica. La principal ecuación utilizada es: en donde: tt: Tiempo entre pulsos de una revolución completa medido sobre el mismo sensor, lado motor y ∆t: Tiempo entre pulsos lado motor-lado generador K: es una constante que se determina ensayando la barra de torsión, aplicando un momento torsor conocido y midiendo el ángulo que se deforma. Los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora (postergados en parte por la Pandemia) se ha enfocado en hallar la constante K. Como conclusión podemos afirmar que el método es de bajo costo, de sencilla aplicación en el laboratorio LEEA. Los pasos a seguir, establecer una tabla de errores para distintos estados de carga, tomando como patrón de comparación un medidor de torque de clase 0,2.

Copyright of Tareas is the property of CELA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Edward Palmer Thompson y Raymond Williams fueron dos de los intelectuales más influyentes del marxismo británico y fundadores de la corriente llamada Estudios Culturales. En abierta discusión con las visiones economicistas del marxismo y las posiciones del estructuralismo althusseriano, dieron un profundo debate sobre categorías centrales del marxismo, haciendo eje en el carácter histórico de los fenómenos sociales, rechazando las visiones reduccionistas sobre la cultura y reivindicando el carácter activo de los agentes en la construcción de su propia vida. El presente artículo realiza una reflexión crítica sobre sus definiciones y las discusiones que proponen alrededor de los conceptos de clase, conciencia de clase, experiencia y cultura, y sobre la manera en que pensaron y discutieron la idea clásica de “determinación”. En ese marco, se puntualiza una serie de problemas teóricos que los ponen en una relación de tensión / contradicción con el marxismo y que abrieron la puerta a interpretaciones que abandonaron aquella perspectiva.

Through the development of this research project, it is intended to achieve the equipment to determine carbon dioxide in carbonated beverages and standardize the technique to perform the test according to the group of Colombian technical standards GTC-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of basic concepts established in the atmospheric corrosion specialty regulations (ISO 9223: 2012, ISO 9225: 2012 and ISO 9266: 2012 Standards) are summarized in this work. In this work, a series of basic concepts established in the atmospheric corrosion specialty regulations (ISO 9223: 2012, ISO 9225: 2012 and ISO 9266: 2012 Standards) are summarized. The concepts are taken into account when carrying out a study of atmospheric corrosion or corrosive aggressiveness of the atmosphere for the metallic materials most used in the construction industry (carbon steel, zinc, copper and aluminum). Some experiences obtained that are not included in the regulations of the specialty are described, derived from the latest studies carried out in the tropical coastal climate of Cuba. This indicates the need to execute whenever possible, the first variant for estimating the corrosive aggressiveness of the atmosphere based on the typical description of the atmospheric environment together with the third variant, based on the determination of the direct measurement of the annual corrosion rate in specimens of standardized dimensions. For certain conditions described, there has been a large difference between the estimation, making use of the indirect annual values of corrosion rate determined by the dose / response functions as the second variant and the third variant for determining the corrosive aggressiveness of the atmosphere for the carbon steel and galvanized steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The OBJECTIVE: Academic dishonesty is still a concern of researchers in various parts of the world. This is because there are still many academicians doing this unethical behavior. Do we examine how Grit plays a role in academic dishonesty? Does Grit predict Academic Achievement? Does Gender moderate the influence of Grit towards Academic Dishonesty?. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative approach is used in this research. A total of 408 students in Indonesia participated (M = 95; F = 313). The measuring instrument used is the Academic Dishonesty Scale adapted from Ampuni et al. (2019) with a = 0.860 and the Grit Scale for Children and Adult used by Wahidah (2019) with a = 0.727. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results show that all research variables influence academic dishonesty. Even the influence of Grit, Gender, and academic achievement together is the greatest academic dishonesty. However, Gender was unable to moderate the influence of Grit toward academic dishonesty. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that students who have Grit will reduce the tendency to behave in unethical behavior in academics, in this case, academic dishonesty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen En el siguiente artículo indagamos problemáticas de salud/enfermedad a partir de la experiencia de sujetos que habitan barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Paraná (Entre Ríos, Argentina). A partir de una etnografía colaborativa durante los años 2017-2018 -que incluyó entrevistas en profundidad, registros audiovisuales e investigación-acción a vecinos de barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Paraná, visita a Centros de Salud, entrevistas a profesionales y personal administrativo de los mismos, como de algunas Organizaciones que trabajan en promoción de la salud y prevención de dolencias y/o agravios - se indagan los procesos de determinación social de la salud-enfermedad-muerte en territorios vulnerables. A partir de cierta reconstrucción, profundizamos fundamentalmente en las consecuencias y dinámicas que encarna en la vida de quienes habitan el territorio la existencia de un basural a cielo abierto, el cual resulta epicentro para abordar problemáticas sanitarias. Ahondar en las determinaciones, supone un recorrido por situaciones socio-históricas, políticas y culturales de este territorio que hacen mella en las corporalidades, en los modos de comprender los procesos de salud/enfermedad y vivenciarlos.

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychology is the property of International Journal of Educational Psychology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Varios factores pre-analíticos afectan los resultados de gases sanguíneos. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad del proceso pre-analítico de los análisis de gasometría sanguínea solicitados en las unidades de cuidados críticos e intermedios de una institución hospitalaria de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo/transversal. Se evaluaron las solicitudes y muestras tomadas a pacientes hospitalizados en las unidades de cuidados críticos. Se calculó medidas de tendencia central, desviación estándar y distribución de proporciones. Los test de Medianas y Kruskal-Wallis permitieron evaluar diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el manejo de la muestra por unidad de servicio/turno/mes/semana de estudio. El análisis se realizó en STATA 15®. Resultados: La muestra efectiva fue de 414 tomadas a 125 pacientes. En promedio se tomaron 4 muestras/día para estudios de gasometría. El 100% de las solicitudes y muestras no cumplieron con los criterios de calidad y seguridad para la identificación del paciente y 3% cumplieron con los criterios técnicos de temperatura y tiempos. Conclusiones: Las directrices del Ministerio de Salud para la seguridad del paciente y las normas técnicas de calidad pre-analítica en gasometría no se cumplen.

Living labor is not an economic category, but is part of the human practical activity that appears from the origin of human life. Starting from an ontological analysis of labor activity, we find that living labor is the simple category on which the rest of economic categories are articulated. However, in the capitalist system of production, living labor is turned into the essential determination of the capital in its process of valorization. In this way, while the active and the subjective is transformed into a dead objectivity for the producers themselves, capital reaches its full perfection with it: surplus value. The philosophical perspective must allow us to analyze, to show and to specify the intimate relations that are established between capital and labor, as well as the metamorphosis and transformations that living labor must undergo to become an entelechy of capital, namely, the transit from the living to the dead.

Copyright of Ensayos - Revista de Economía is the property of Ensayos Revista de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to offer a biographical reading of St. John of the Cross from the experience of his imprisonment in Toledo, based on the songs contained in The Spiritual Canticle. By means of a linear reading of the songs, we will reconstruct on the one hand, the process of internal and external liberation which the imprisoned saint longed for and, on the other, the impact which this experience had on him and on his mission during the period following his imprisonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En mocoví se reconoce un elemento al que le atribuimos el estatuto categorial de verbo (defectivo), si bien previamente ha sido tratado en la bibliografía como «partícula existencial». Es una forma productiva que interviene en diferentes procesos morfológicos y sintácticos habilitando distintas lecturas: presentativa-locativa, identificativa, posesiva, causativa, de cambio de estado y atributiva mediante predicación secundaria. La forma no marcada reviste en la clase de los verbos inacusativos y supone una vinculación a una entidad o a un lugar del cual se predica la falta o la presencia de algo. Se reconocieron tres formas afirmativas no alomórficas y una forma negativa. Aquí se pone en relación la materialización del existencial con contextos cuantificados por diferentes elementos. Este estudio tiene por objetivo avanzar en el conocimiento del comportamiento de las construcciones existenciales y de las cuantificacionales (poco exploradas); apunta a organizar el sistema léxico y gramatical de la cuantificación, comenzando por explorar los contextos ligados a las construcciones existenciales.

An annotated checklist of species of army ants for Jalisco state and western Mexico and a key for the identification of soldiers and workers are presented. This work was carried out based on field sampling of 17 locations in 14 municipalities of Jalisco, and review of specimens deposited in four national entomological collections. 21,167 specimens of army ants were examined, of which 18,344 correspond to material deposited in entomological collections visited. For each species of army ant, a sheet was elaborated that illustrates its main diagnostic characters, which were used for the dichotomous key. The specimens in better were chosen to elaborate the plate, with the exception of Neivamyrmex pauxillus and N. pilosus whose schemes were redrawn from photographs from AntWeb site (2015). The key and checklist of army ants for Jalisco State includes a total of 21 species grouped into four genera: Eciton, Labidus, Neivamyrmex, and Nomamyrmex. Three first new records for Jalisco are included: Neivamyrmex halidaii (Shuckard, 1840), N. impudens (Mann, 1922) and N. pauxillus (Wheeler, 1903). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forma y Funcion is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous non-proteinaceous amino acid with many health-promoting benefits. GABA in some fruits has been reported previously. However, there have been no previous reports of GABA in jujube fruit. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the content of GABA in different jujube cultivars and the effect of harvest, drying and storage on GABA of jujube fruit. In six jujube cultivars studied, Z. Jujuba cv. Junzao had the highest GABA content of 333.37 µg.g−1 DW, while Z. Jujuba cv. Dongzao had the lowest GABA content of 150.31 µg.g−1 DW. The GABA content of jujube fruit (Z. jujuba Mill.cv.Junzao) was nearly doubled by delaying harvest time probably due to cold stress, while it was significantly decreased by the treatment of drying and storage. Interestingly, these findings suggest that normal consumption amount of jujube fruit might contain sufficient GABA to produce the effects of improving sleep and lowering blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hegel mentions Die Leiden des jungen Werther's main character as an example of his personal notion of "beautiful soul". The German philosopher doesn't explicitly include Bekenntnisse einer schönen Seele's main character. The omission is curious, because the aforementioned work is a Goethe's Roman too. The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation of the choice made by Hegel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Co-herencia is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en determinar cómo están constituidos los sintagmas nominales (SSNN) de la obra “Macario” de Juan Rulfo tanto en su versión original en español como en su traducción al francés. Igualmente, pretendemos identificar los determinantes más recurrentes en los SSNN de ambas versiones. Para lograr dicho objetivo, partimos de la escala de determinación del Proyecto de Universales y Tipología (UNITYP) de la Universidad de Colonia. De acuerdo con Seiler (1986, 9), el abanico de determinantes nominales forma un continuum cuyos polos están compuestos por los principios de extensionalidad (o referencialidad) e intensionalidad (o atribución). Al analizar las dos versiones del cuento, registramos 146 SSNN con la misma configuración sintáctica y 68 SSNN con diferente configuración. Asimismo, observamos SSNN que se constituyen desde un solo elemento como nombre propio, nombre común o pronombre personal, hasta SSNN formados de cinco elementos, esto es cuatro determinantes (tanto extensionales como intensionales) y un nombre común. Entre los determinantes con mayor tendencia a la extensionalidad encontramos con más frecuencia artículos definidos, artículos indefinidos, cuantificadores, posesivos y demostrativos. Mientras tanto, entre los determinantes con mayor tendencia a la intensionalidad ubicamos frases preposicionales, adjetivos evaluativos y cláusulas relativas en ambos textos.

Copyright of Studia Poliana is the property of Studia Poliana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tejuelo: Didáctica de Lengua y Literatura is the property of Tejuelo. Didactica de la Lengua y la Literatura. Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: Anales del Seminario de Metafísica (1575-6866) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lo que hago en este texto es activar la fuerza disruptiva de la negritud, es decir, su capacidad para rasgar el velo de la transparencia (por brevemente que sea) y revelar lo que se encuentra en los límites de la justicia.

Introduction- The fuel consumption of the ground vehicle transportations constitutes an important part in the total fuel consumption of the world. There are many factors related to this fuel consumption and several ways to study it. The drive cycles based on the mathematical modeling are tools to understand, to estimate and to predict the vehicle fuel consumption. Objective: Usually the simulating is most exact when the mathematical models are solved with the real profiles of way resistance coefficient. For that reason, the experimental determination of the coefficient of resistance of the road is the objective of this research. Methodology: A trailer was designed and built and statically and, in order to know the features of the systems that are involved in the coefficient measuring process, a group of experiments of static and dynamic was conducted. Later, a road sector for validation was calibrated and then others road with variation in slope and road surface was studied. Results: This method is able to measure the way resistance coefficient that corresponding with road conditions of values of rolling resistance of 0,008 - 0,02 (made of asphalt or cement) and slopes of 0-12o. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that this method is accurate and precise for the determination of the way resistance coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many years, the Catholic school system within the United States was considered the preeminent educational institution, particularly for poor and marginalized students that live in low income, inner city areas. Now, given the large number of school closures, the Catholic school system's long-standing goal of educating economically disadvantaged students in inner city schools is in peril. In this study, the researchers examined De Marillac Academy, a Catholic, tuition-free middle school, located in the Tenderloin District in San Francisco, CA, to identify both the non-cognitive skills students have learned and the organizational factors in place, which have contributed to these urban students' success in high school and beyond. The authors discuss how the concept of what Angela Duckworth calls grit and Swadener and Lubeck's notion of students-at-promise contribute, in part, to the students' academic success. They also offer a perspective on how to best teach grit in urban Catholic schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sartre considers the rise of spontaneous not cognitive consciousness or prereflexive cogito as a subject. Without any conditions, without any nature or essence can be determined. The awareness event as an absolute necessity is indeed unjustifiable that refers to the world, is pure intentionality. The abstract ideal of freedom for Sartre is a conscience without any determination. Man is free because it is free of any determination by precognitive structure of consciousness.

The Schoolmen did much of their most interesting and original philosophizing in theology. An example is the dilemma in Renaissance Scholasticism on free will: how can we act freely if God causes and knows our actions? Basic issues are involved here: the antinomy between freedom and determination, modal semantics, tense logic, the logical status of counterfacts. Mexican Jesuits Matías Blanco (d. 1734) and Antonio Peralta (d. 1736) wrote books on the subject. We describe here the “disjunctive” solution that Blanco advanced in his Funiculus triplex (The Three-Stranded Cord), published posthumously in Mexico in 1746. When someone is faced with choosing between B and C, conjectures Blanco, God does not actualize either, but rather their disjunction B-or-C. Blanco calls for a truce in the “war” among the contending schools so that they may consider his solution–for he thinks it may indeed be acceptable to all.

El propósito de este ensayo plantea los desafíos de la salud mundial en la última etapa del desarrollo del capitalismo global y su relación con los determinantes socio-sanitarios de la salud, la vida humana y la Tierra, a partir de un concepto novedoso: el de la determinación global. Metodológicamente se desarrollan algunos ejes temáticos: determinación global y su relación con los determinantes sociales de la salud, consecuencias del capitalismo global, desafíos para la humanidad y la salud global, gobernanza y respuesta social global. Se discute la globalización del capitalismo como el principal determinante para la acción gubernamental, las políticas sociales y las políticas públicas en salud y sus consecuencias: la amenaza de las guerras, la crisis económica, el hambre, la degradación de la biosfera, los desplazamientos étnicos, ente otros. Propugna por enfrentar el deterioro de condiciones de vida y el aumento de desigualdades sociales, el gran desafío que explica los demás problemas de la salud global: la inequidades sociales, causantes efectivamente de la mala salud y de las desigualdades en salud. Dichas inequidades se manifiestan por razones geográficas, edad, género, etnia, educación y distribución del ingreso, pero devienen en última instancia de determinantes globales que se generan en la espera supranacional de la determinación. Se concluye defendiendo la acción global para superar la desigualdad y las inequidades que azotan al mundo actual y se propone una nueva categoría para entender los determinantes sociales: la de la determinación global, que tiene una capacidad explicativa mayor que las diferentes corrientes teóricas sobre determinantes y determinación social. The purpose of this essay is to present the challenges faced by global health during the last stage of the development of global capitalism and its relationship with the social and sanitary determinants of health, life and earth based on a new concept: global determination. Methodologically, the following subjects are developed: global determination and its relationship with the social determinants of health, the consequences of global capitalism, the challenges faced by humanity and by global health, and the issue of governance and global social response. Likewise, the globalization of capitalism is discussed as the main determinant for governmental action, as well as for social and public health policies along with their consequences: the threat of war, the economic crisis, hunger, the degradation of the biosphere, ethnic displacements, etc. Similarly, the author defends the idea of facing the deterioration of living conditions and the increase of social inequalities. The great challenge that explains the other issues in global health is indeed social inequities, since they are the cause of poor health and health inequalities. Such inequities appear for reasons related to geography, age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, and income distribution, yet they ultimately arise from social determinants that are born in the supranational domain of determination. In the conclusions, the author defends global action as a way to overcome the inequalities and inequities fecting today’s world, and proposes a new category to understand social determinants: the global determination, which has a greater explanatory power compared to the various theoretical currents discussing determinants and social determination

El debate entre determinantes sociales de la salud o determinación social de la salud, promovido por la medicina social latinoamericana a raíz de la propuesta presentada por la Comisión sobre los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud de la oms, pasa por analizar la tensión entre determinismo e indeterminismo y sus repercusiones para concebir la causalidad desde un punto de vista histórico y epistemológico. Este artículo presenta algunas tendencias sobre la visión cosmológica y epistemológica en la historia del pensamiento occidental que han marcado dicho debate, analizando las tensiones entre posiciones monista/pluralista por un lado y determinista/ indeterminista por el otro, y sus repercusiones sobre la forma de concebir al sujeto y su relación con la naturaleza, así como el papel de la libertad humana, la causalidad y el azar. En las conclusiones se propone una puerta de salida a las tensiones y conflictos analizados desde la dialéctica que permita superar la cosmovisión causal de la realidad, en la cual se dé espacio para la acción del sujeto como agente. The debate between social “determinants” or “determination” of health, fostered by the Latin American Social Medicine movement after the proposal of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, involves analyzing the tension between determinism and indeterminism as well as its implications for conceiving causality from a historical and epistemological point of view. This paper presents some trends regarding the cosmological and epistemological view in the Western history of thought that have marked this debate. At the same time, it analyzes the tensions between monist / pluralist positions on the one hand, and deterministic / indeterministic on the other. Similarly, it analyzes their impact on the perception of subjects, the subject / nature relationship, and the role of human freedom, causality and randomness. The conclusions discuss a way out of the tensions and conflicts analyzed from a dialectic point of view to overcome a causal cosmologic view of reality in which there is room for the action of the subject as an agent

El objetivo es analizar las categorías de determinismo e indeterminismo en el campo de la salud pública y plantear las diferencias de estas categorías con la de determinación social propuesta en el contexto de la salud pública latinoamericana. Se plantea que tanto el determinismo como el indeterminismo resultan insuficientes para dar cuenta de la complejidad de la salud y de la vida, no solo en el plano epistémico, sino también en el marco del análisis ético; en su lugar, la noción de determinación se presenta como una categoría compleja que permite abordar los problemas relacionados con la salud y la vida a partir de sus relaciones dialécticas con las condiciones sociales, políticas, culturales y económicas. Finalmente, se exponen algunas de las principales diferencias entre el enfoque de determinantes sociales de la salud propuesto por la oms y el enfoque de determinación social de la salud y la vida de la salud pública latinoamericana. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the categories of determinism and indeterminism in the Public Health field and to establish the differences between these categories and that of the social determination proposed in the context of Latin American Public Health. It is suggested that both determinism and indeterminism are insufficient terms to explain the complexity of health and life, not only in the epistemic map but also in the framework of ethical analysis. Instead, the notion of determination is presented as a complex category that makes it possible to approach the problems related to health and life from their dialectic relationships with social, politic, cultural and economic conditions. Finally, some of the main differences between the Social determinants of health approach proposed by the who and the Social determination of health and life approach proposed by the Latin American Public Health are presented.