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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, I intend to examine an account of human free will suggested by one of the most prominent figures in religious institutions during the Safavid reign, which had a long-term effect on subsequent discussions on the subject. Muḥammad Bāqir Majlisī (1627–1699), a renowned theologian, muḥaddith, and jurist who played a significant role in shaping Shīʿism in Iran, emphasized human free will (ikhtiyār) in his various works. While he considers it a self-evident truth, Majlisī attempts to justify human agency in voluntary activities through his arguments. However, it appears that his emphasis on human free will is primarily aimed at demonstrating that individuals are legally bound. Due to the limitations of human intellect, Majlisī argues that humans cannot be considered competent to create the legal rules they must follow. Consequently, individuals are not authorized to determine their own obligations even though they are responsible for their actions. Thus, while Majlisī was determined to establish that humans possess free will, he believed that individuals were not allowed to exercise this freedom in the realm of social and political affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a form of governance of sub‐district public services based on the geography of the Maluku archipelago in Indonesia. Using qualitative research, data were collected using in‐depth interviews, focus group discussions, documentation, and field observations, involving informants from local and sub‐district government elements and community leaders. This study revealed that the governance of public services in the islands is not optimal because it cannot meet the challenges that are unique to the islands, such as minimal authority, inadequate organisation and management capacity of the sub‐district, lack of human resources and facilities support, and limited transportation facilities. This study found two primary causal factors, namely: first, internal factors, (1) implementation of the concept of symmetrical decentralisation in various local contexts, (2) disproportionate fiscal policies, and (3) weak political commitment of mayors regarding delegation of authority and discretion. Second, external factors are related to the difficulty of accessing services. Points for practitioners: The non‐optimal governance of public services in the islands cannot meet the challenges.The uniqueness of the islands includes minimal authority, inadequate organisation and management (O&M) capacity of the sub‐district, lack of human resources and facilities support, and limited transportation facilities.The Islands Sub‐District Governance Model (ISGov‐Model) proposes attributive and discretionary authority, increased O&M capacity, financial support, and adequate staff and facilities.The ISGov‐Model leads the archipelagic sub‐district to become the epicentre of public services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problems of multi-source heterogeneity of automotive industry chain resource information and the difficulty of establishing cross-platform interaction, this paper proposed a blockchain-based cross-domain permission delegation mode (BCPDM). Firstly, it combined blockchain technology with attribute-based access control (ABAC) model, and established a permission filtering function to avoid inter-platform permission conflicts. Secondly, it introduced a permission retraction mechanism to improve the flexibility of the model authorization and avoid the problem of information leakage that might be caused by prolonged authorization, aiming to solve the access authorization problem under the multidomain environment of complex automotive industry chain in a flexible, dynamic, efficient and trustworthy way. The security analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can ensure the safe access of users and data and information interaction between platforms in the multi-domain environment of complex automotive industry chain, and the computational overhead is low. The method can meet the real-time requirements of automobile industry chain cooperative interaction, and provides a feasible solution for solving the access control problem in complex automobile industry chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses' satisfaction has an impact on organizational and patient outcomes. Integrated care system in South Korea was established in 2015 to improve care quality and decrease caregiving burden. Since then, nurses' satisfaction has increased due to an increase in nursing staffing. However, besides nurse staffing, various work environments still affect nurse satisfaction. Methods: Individual online surveys were conducted with participants to determine their personal characteristics, work environments, and hospital characteristics. We used mixed-effects linear regression equation contained both fixed and random effects. Results: This study included 2,913 nurses from 119 hospitals. Their average job satisfaction was less than 6 points out of 10 points. Age, shift type, perceived workload, and delegation criteria were significant factors influencing nurses' satisfaction. There was no significant factor among hospital characteristics. The satisfaction level of nurses was high for no-night rotating shift, low perceived workload, and clear delegation criteria. Conclusions: Nurses' satisfaction is affected by several work environmental factors. Low nurse satisfaction has a substantial impact on both patients and nurses. Therefore, nurse managers and hospitals should determine factors influencing their satisfaction and develop strategies to improve their satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In formation of laws and regulations, Article 18 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution shows that relationship between the central government and provincial government is a multilevel relationship. The governor runs the government in provincial area based on principle of deconcentration, namely the delegation of authority from central state equipment to subordinate agencies to carry out certain work in administration of government. Article 18 paragraph (2) of 1945 Constitution Republic Indonesia shows that relationship between the provincial government and regency/city government is an equal relationship because the Governor and Regent/Mayor both run government in their respective regions based on principles of decentralization (regional autonomy) and assistance tasks. The Governor has a dual position or role, namely as the head of provincial region (Local Self Government) as well as the Regional Head/Representative of Central Government in the region (Local State Government. The governor has a dual role as head of the province and head of the region (representative of the central government). Law 23/2014 on Local Government tends to emphasize the role of governor as a representative the government through of administration government based on principle of deconcentration. The task of maintaining integrity of government system is a goal. The strengthening of governor's role as the government's representative through several forms of governor interference in implementation government in district/city aims to maintain the balance and harmony of government relations. The central government must prevent country from disintegration by controlling all forms of local government activities. The central government is fully responsible for implementation of government both at center and in the provinces and districts / cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Middle East Journal for Humanities & Cultural Studies is the property of Manar Elsharq for Studies & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to evaluate public service quality policies in West Seram District. This research was conducted for one year using a qualitative approach and a descriptive research design. The unit of analysis in this study is the implementation of public service quality policies in West Seram District on the aspects of resources, communication, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Data is obtained through informants representing all parties related to the policy implementation. The results of the study show that: (1) Aspects of Resources; (a) human resources are sufficient in terms of quantity, but it is still necessary to improve discipline in terms of timing and appropriateness, and consistency in completing service tasks to ensure employee performance accountability, (b) the resources for facilities and infrastructure are inadequate and unable to support the improvement of service quality. (2) the communication aspect is going well, as shown by the behavior of employees who are friendly, polite, and courteous to people who need services but are still constrained by low public awareness to follow and comply with the required provisions. (3) the disposition aspect has been well implemented, as indicated by the high awareness of all elements of the leadership and employees of the West Seram District Office regarding their duties, responsibilities, and authorities as community servants. However, limited services can still be provided by the Subdistrict head's office and the little delegation of authority form the Regent, resulting in minimal space for service. (4) the Bureaucratic Structure Aspect is running well following the main tasks and functions, which is shown by the enactment of rules related to the provision of service activities following work procedures in each field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southeast Asian states are frequently viewed as jealously guarding their sovereignty and unwilling to delegate authority to multilateral organisations or private actors. In the contemporary response to regional piracy and armed robbery at sea (PAR), however, insurers and shippers have come to occupy a central governance role while the fortunes of private security actors (PSAs) have declined. Why? This paper conducts a qualitative case study analysis examining the evolving role of shipping and insurance companies and PSAs in the development and implementation of anti-PAR policies in Southeast Asia today. It argues that while the role of PSAs has diminished due to growing regional governance capacities, regional countries and multilateral regulatory frameworks have enlisted insurers and shippers as governance stakeholders, elevating them from beneficiaries of good order at sea to active shapers of this maritime order. The diverging experiences of PSAs and insurers/shippers demonstrate that the regulatory power relationship between states and private actors is not necessarily zero-sum as the role of insurers and shippers has grown even as state capacities have expanded. Ultimately, the paper illustrates the need to go beyond state- and PSA-centric analyses of maritime governance mechanisms in contemporary Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safeguarding human rights is the obligation of every nation under international human rights laws. However, some situations require a nation to restrict individual rights to protect public interests. Responding to COVID-19 provided a great example for Vietnam to review its legal ground for regulating limitations on human rights to prevent its expansion. However, the question remains: what are the legal grounds for executive agencies to limit citizens’ rights under the international standards on human rights protection? These precautionary measures support the prevention of the risks and damage caused by illegal acts or emergency cases, such as national disasters. Vietnam encounters legal issues, including the absence of comprehensive legal frameworks and delegating legislative authority during state emergencies. It also encounters inefficient mechanisms for reviewing the rationality and viability of preventive measures imposed by executive bodies. Consequently, safeguarding human rights according to international norms poses a significant challenge. This study explores Vietnam's solutions for handling the COVID19 pandemic and suggests reforms to the country's legal framework regarding preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the position statement of the American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA) on the delegation of nursing care activities.

This paper examines the impact of delegating decision-making authority to a biased and uninformed agent in a Bayesian persuasion model. We find that delegation can incentivize the sender to produce more information about the merits of the sender's proposed project. This is because an agent with a small negative bias requires more compelling evidence than the principal to implement the project. The improvement in evidence quality does not occur if the agent's bias is positive. When the informational benefits exist, delegation lead to higher organizational welfare than centralization. The informational benefits of delegation extend to cases where the principal delegates authority through a general delegation mechanism and when the agent's bias is privately known. • We analyze delegation in a Bayesian persuasion model. • Whether delegation has informational benefits depends on the agent's bias. • When informational benefits exist, delegation can be optimal. • Our results apply to general delegation mechanisms and private agent bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In community nursing, the administration of insulin for people with type 2 diabetes can be delegated by registered nurses to healthcare support workers. Although a voluntary framework in England provides national guidance, little is known about its uptake. The project aim was to determine the roll-out, characteristics and support needs in relation to the delegation of insulin administration in community settings. An online survey was disseminated to community nursing services in England via social media and nursing networks. Of the 115 responding organisations, 81% (n=93) had an insulin delegation programme, with most initiated since 2018. From these services, 41% (n=3704) of insulin injections were delegated daily, with benefits for patients, staff and services reported, along with some challenges. Delegation of insulin administration is an established and valued initiative. Awareness of the national voluntary framework is increasing. National guidance is considered important to support governance arrangements and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the influence of supervisors on employee misconduct at branches of U.S. financial institutions. Individual supervisor fixed effects explain twice as much variation in branch misconduct as firm fixed effects. Supervisor influence is concentrated in firms that theory suggests are most likely to delegate authority—firms with complex operations, distant branches, and trustworthy supervisors. Supervisors affect misconduct through their personnel decisions, attention to employees with past misbehavior, and ethics and industry rules training. After major internal control improvements, supervisor influence declines. Our results illustrate how supervisors influence misconduct above and beyond firm-level factors. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: D21; D82; G20, L22; L23; M12; M40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting environmental sustainability may hold relevance for employee‐owned organizations since their employees prioritize the long‐term well‐being of the business as they influence and are influenced by the legacy of the organization. The integration of environmental consciousness into decision‐making has thus the potential to help align environmental and organizational sustainability objectives in these organizations. However, the literature lacks an explanation of how employee‐owned organizations make environmentally conscious decisions. In this study, we conducted interviews with top executives of employee‐owned organizations to explore how environmentally conscious decision‐making unfolds in the experiences of these managers. We find that transparency and delegation of authority serve as two key mechanisms that underlie environmentally conscious decision‐making in employee‐owned organizations. We also find three paths inspired by these mechanisms that employee‐owned organizations follow in making environmentally conscious decisions. We discuss the implications of these mechanisms and paths for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supervisors directly influence employees' perceptions of supervisor justice and subsequent supervisor-supportive behaviors by displaying just treatment through ongoing work interactions. Using a two-study design, we build on this target similarity approach by examining the potential for an indirect actor to be held accountable when a direct offender is acting on the indirect actor's behalf. Integrating fairness and role theory perspectives, Study 1 shows that the relationship between coworker injustice and supervisor-supportive citizenship behavior is mediated by supervisor blame and supervisor justice. Further, these linkages are strengthened when the offending coworker is delegated additional authority by the supervisor. Delegation more clearly connects the supervisor to the coworker's unjust behavior because the coworker is seen as an intermediary for the supervisor (i.e., perceived intermediary delegation-PID). In a constructive replication, Study 2's results support the basic mediation model from Study 1 but also show that the PID effect is influenced by victims' relative standing with the supervisor compared with their offending coworkers (i.e., relative status). PID's strengthening effect as a result is most pronounced when victims of coworker injustice hold lower relative statuses than offenders. We conclude with implications of our findings and areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recruitment pattern for non-permanent employees of the Secretariat of the People's Representative Council for Gayo Lues Regency is implemented in accordance with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus. consisting of Civil Servants (PNS) and Government Employees with a Work Agreement (PPPK). This has been implemented since the issuance of Gayo Lues Regent Regulation Number 29 of 2018 concerning Delegation of Authority to Sign the Appointment of Regency Non-Permanent Employees within the Gayo Lues Regency Government. The aim of carrying out this research is to determine the Recruitment Pattern of Regency NonPermanent Employees (PTTK) at the Gayo Lues Regency People's Representative Council Secretariat. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research is classified as case study research. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and literature study. Data analysis was carried out descriptively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation as well as conclusions and verification. The research results of the Gayo Lues Regency Government show that there are still problems with recruitment and budgeting of ASN. Non-Permanent Regency Employees (PTTK) are still needed. Budgeting can be adjusted to the financial capabilities of the Gayo Lues Regency Government. The Secretariat of the Gayo Lues Regency People's Representative Council (DPRK) is an element of administrative services and provides support for the duties and functions of the DPRK. Implementation of the duties and functions of the DPRK as well as providing and coordinating expert personnel required by the DPRK in carrying out its rights and functions in accordance with needs. In order to support the smooth running of the DPRK Secretariat's duties in facilitating the implementation of the duties and functions of the Gayo Lues DPRK, it is necessary to appoint non-permanent district employees (PTTK) for the Gayo Lues DPRK Secretariat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralized Identifiers have recently expanded into Internet of Things devices and are crucial in securing users' digital identities and data. However, Decentralized Identifiers face challenges in scenarios necessitating authority delegation and anonymity, such as when dealing with legal guardianship for minors, device loss or damage, and specific medical contexts involving patient information. This paper aims to strengthen data sovereignty within the Decentralized Identifier system by implementing a secure authority delegation and anonymity scheme. It suggests optimizing verifiable presentations by utilizing a sequential aggregate signature, a Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proof, and a Merkle tree to prevent against linkage and Sybil attacks while facilitating delegation. This strategy mitigates security risks related to delegation and anonymity, efficiently reduces the computational and verification efforts for signatures, and reduces the size of verifiable presentations by about 1.2 to 2 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a question and answer related to enabling registered nurses, licensed practical and vocational nurses, and assistive personnel to practice to the fullest extent of their license or certification.

Gender quotas in legislative elections are a central component of institutional reform to foster women's inclusion in politics. However, stigma remains that women elected under quotas may be of lower quality than the men that they replace. We investigate how quotas affect the qualifications of parliamentarians, by capitalizing on the unique variation of national electoral systems used in European Parliament elections over its entire 40-year history. We provide compelling evidence that quotas are associated with higher overall levels of educational attainment in parliamentary delegations. Quotas increase the number of educated women within delegations while simultaneously increasing the level of education held by the remaining men. Thus, we provide robust support for the impact of quotas on legislator qualities in a way that has thus far been observed in only single country contexts and fixed time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cars are increasingly computerized, and vehicle settings such as steering gain (SG) can now be altered during driving. However, it is unknown whether transitions in SG should be adaptable (i.e., triggered by driver input) or adaptive (i.e., triggered automatically). We examined this question for road segments expected to require different SG. Objective: This paper aimed to investigate whether SG mode changes should be made by the driver or automatically. Methods: Twenty-four participants drove under four conditions in a simulator: fixed low gain (FL), fixed high gain (FH), a machine-initiated steering system, which switched between the two SG levels at predetermined locations (MI), and a driver-initiated steering system, in which the SG level could be changed by pressing a button on the steering wheel (DI). Results: Participants showed poorer lane-keeping and reported higher effort for FH compared to FL on straights, while the opposite held true on curved roads. On curved roads, the MI condition yielded better lane-keeping and lower subjective effort than the DI condition. However, a substantial portion of the drivers gave low preference rankings to the MI system. Conclusion: Drivers prefer and benefit from a steering system with a variable rather than fixed gain. Furthermore, although automatic SG transitions reduce effort, some drivers reject this concept. Application: As the state of technology advances, MI transitions are becoming increasingly feasible, but whether drivers would want to delegate their decision-making authority to a machine remains a moot point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kırıkkale Law Journal (KLJ) is the property of Kirikkale Law Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Weak or dependent states, especially those with histories of colonial and imperial domination, have traditionally been among the strongest advocates for strict institutionalization and observance of the norm of non-interference. These states are vulnerable to international pressure, and they have sought to limit this pressure by "jealously" guarding their sovereignty. Yet, after decades of advocating for strict non-interference, many have begun to delegate extensive interventionist authority to their regional organizations. What explains this change? I explore this question in the case of the decision by Latin American leaders to compromise on non-interference by delegating authority to enforce human rights to the Organization of American States. I argue that they were motivated by attempts to maintain self-determination and resist the imposition of authority. In making this argument, I extend the definition of self-determination to incorporate self-determination over international rules. I show that existing explanations for this development that emphasize norm diffusion or democratization cannot account for important dynamics. These findings offer evidence that the expansion of regionalism in the Global South has been, in part, a subtle strategy to mitigate the undesirable effects of hierarchy and to create an international system based on respect for self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this strategic staffing study was to retrospectively evaluate the impact of the charge neurodiagnostic technologist (NDT) within a 24/7 pediatric NAEC Level IV, ABRET LAB-LTM accredited epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) during a 4-month pilot. The association between a high-reliability organization (HRO), Lean thinking, and organizational strategic goals were utilized as guiding principles. This paper reviews the operational need to further develop frontline neurodiagnostic leadership roles within Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago along with the design and implementation, training, and competencies required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political superiors bestow legitimacy on decisions when delegating authority to agencies. Yet, research convincingly demonstrates that the delegation of authority to agencies does not guarantee depoliticized decisions. political principals with the intent of signaling depoliticization may limit agency discretion by invoking a formalization strategy: a strategy where the principal details what constitutes a legitimate decision. The argument of this study is that this strategy falls short in achieving depoliticization, because agencies have incentives to accommodate key voters' opinions, especially in resourceful constituencies. I test the argument by analyzing decisions made by the United Kingdom's Office for Standards in Education—an agency subject to strong formalization requirements when making decisions. In support of the argument, I find that key voters' opinions predict decisions more strongly than any of the other items specified by the political principal, and that voters' opinions matter more in constituencies with high mobilization potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steering committees are pivotal for governing complex collaborations by consensus to facilitate coordination and knowledge sharing. Although consensus-based governance promotes mutuality, it can also cause deadlocks, stalling expeditious decision making. We examine the conditions under which alliance partners delegate decision-making authority to steering committees as well as the conditions under which authority over discordant matters can be relocated to one of the alliance partners. We argue that joint coordination concerns increase the likelihood of authority delegation, whereas the higher costs and stakes associated with decision stalemates provide grounds for authority reversion. Empirical analyses of strategic alliances in the biopharmaceutical industry support our arguments. Our paper demonstrates the versatility of contractually defined administrative interfaces in alliance governance, allowing partners to coordinate bilaterally and adapt hierarchically as and when required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administration of corporate activity is the daily preoccupation of corporate directors. Delegation of decision-making to the director, who is an independent player within the company, can clearly create the risk of conflicting his interests with the interests of the shareholders. This potential conflict of interests is a consequence of the division of ownership of the company and the control powers of the company's commercial activity. The delegation of decision-making authority to the directors of the company may cause the risk of the temptation of the director to the assets of the company. In addition, directors may also be tempted by opportunities for profit that arise during the exercise of their function, instead of using these opportunities for the company. For this reason, it is necessary to foresee clear disciplinary parameters, to avoid and eliminate the conflict of interest, as well as the prohibition of competition. In the present paper, through a legal assessment, special attention has been paid to the main categories of standards: elimination of conflict of interest and prohibition of competition. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the US doctrine, legal provisions, which regulate the two standards of disciplinary conduct for the corporate directors, as well as the court practice in this regard. Also, an important objective of this paper is that it may serve as an important basis for further comparative studies in this field with other jurisdictions. Such analysis is based on the qualitative method, which contains also the research, analytical, descriptive, interpretive methods. The result of this paper will stimulate debate in the academic level and contribute to further improvements of our company legislation, as well to the legal doctrine in Albania that lacks such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a growing physician shortage, patients have difficulty accessing primary care. In an effort to expand access and support patient health, many states are reducing barriers for advanced practice registered nurses to provide primary care without physician collaboration. Maryland provides an interesting case study. We leverage Maryland's policy change to explore the effects of full practice authority (FPA), focusing on the number of professionals and health outcomes for patients. Employing a border county comparison between Maryland and Pennsylvania, we estimate the effect of FPA. Our analysis of health outcomes focuses on three county-level health outcomes: poor or fair health, poor mental health days, and preventable hospital stays. We find that FPA is associated with increases in the number of certified nurse midwives by 0.6 per 100,000 residents and nurse practitioners by 22.4 per 100,000 residents. We also find evidence of an association of FPA with reductions in the share of residents who report being in poor or fair health by 2.8 percentage points and poor mental health days per month by 0.354 days per person. Combined, our results provide suggestive evidence that moving to FPA improves access to care and leads to improved health outcomes for Maryland residents. Removing regulatory barriers that prevent certified nurse midwives and nurse practitioners from working to the full extent of their training may increase access to primary care and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We jointly study firm boundaries and the allocation of decision rights within them by confronting an incomplete-contracts model with data on vertical integration and delegation for thousands of firms around the world. Integration has an option value: it confers authority to delegate or centralize decision rights, depending on who can best solve problems that arise in the course of an uncertain production process. In line with the model's predictions, we find that firms are more likely to integrate suppliers that produce more valuable inputs and operate in industries with more dispersed productivity, and that firms delegate more decisions to integrated suppliers that produce more valuable inputs and operate in more productive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intervention was designed to facilitate the generational transition within a smallmedium-sized enterprise, which became the starting point for dealing with the generational transition also from the point of view of emotions, which is not a given when it comes to production, organizational size, budgets, management problems and procedures. When the founder of the company died, the heirs became stuck in a sort of management paralysis in which the firstborn assumed the role of the designated heir via primogeniture, maintaining the vertically organized structure of the founding father and asking consultants that he be accepted, and that they enforce his role also on his siblings and employees, thereby delegating authority to fill that position to a third party. The death of a founder poses the problem of time in the process of elaborating the transition and acquisition of inheritance, and its transformation is an essential part of the passage. It is important to have time to deal with the loss of the founding father and, with him, to let go of idealizations of oneself and experience reality. Maintaining an organization unchanged by moving one man to replace another is simply a strategy introduced to avoid pain and change. Our work with the Consultants permitted us to see all of this, allowing us to analyse the situation further and find a new organization in which the heirs involved were able to collaborate together on the transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Initiation as a Path" examines the processes of initiation into a religious community and becoming a Christian. The individuals involved, the strengthening along the way, and the desired goal are compared. The practice of preparing for baptism is often delegated to diocesan authorities, which results in adult baptisms being rare in Austrian parishes. The decree on the order of the catechumenate stipulates that the local pastor is responsible for admission to the catechumenate and that the community should be involved in the process. In the initiation into a religious community, the role of the novice master is significant. It is suggested that a person responsible for the catechumenate be appointed in each parish to ensure continuous care for new community members. The article deals with the integration of individuals from a community into the initiation process with baptismal candidates and those preparing for religious profession. It is pointed out that tasks could be specified and institutionalized to intensify cooperation between the diocesan and community levels. Pope Francis, with the motu proprio Spiritus Domini, has allowed women to be admitted to the ministries of lector and acolyte for life. The motu proprio Antiquum ministerium acknowledges the importance of faith instruction by baptized Christians. It emphasizes that the liturgical symbolic actions in the celebrations of becoming Christian and becoming a religious allow for a strong experience of shared action. It is suggested to strengthen the mystagogical deepening and the community connection in worship services. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the future of the nondelegation doctrine in the U.S. as the Supreme Court increasingly curtail the authority of government agencies. Other topics include the court's majority opinion in Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania questioning the agencies' authority regarding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA) Preventative Care Guidelines.

Nursing delegation stands as a cornerstone in modern health care delivery, facilitating optimized patient care amidst increasing demands and complexities. This article delves into the intricacies of nursing delegation, highlighting its significance in promoting efficient resource allocation, enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration, and fostering professional growth within the nursing workforce. The article explores the pivotal role of delegation in optimizing patient outcomes and improving health care accessibility. By embracing a strategic approach to delegation, health care organizations can harness its transformative potential to navigate the evolving landscape of modern health care and ensure the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic and the need to ensure timely and safe access to medicines during a pandemic, the aim of this study was to compare and contrast the EU and US regulations, processes, and outcomes pertaining to the granting of accelerated Marketing Authorizations (MAs) for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments with a view to determining how effective these regulations were in delivering safe medicines in a timely manner. Methods: MAs for medicines approved for Covid-related indications in the first two pandemic years (March 2020–February 2022) were identified using the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) websites. Authorization reports and utilized regulations were reviewed to determine and compare approval timelines, facilitated pathways, accepted clinical evidence, and effectiveness of the regulations by assessing them against time and safety standards. Results: By the end of February 2022, the EMA and FDA had granted 12 and 14 MAs, respectively. Two EU and two US approvals were issued in relation to new indications for already-approved treatments; the remaining ones were first-time approvals of novel vaccines and treatments. The median time to approval was 24 days for the EMA's conditional MAs and 36 days for the USFDA's Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) for all Covid-19 medicines. This is compared with 23 and 28 days, respectively, specifically for first-time novel vaccines and treatments authorized by both USFDA and EMA. The USFDA and EMA differed markedly in terms of the time taken to approve new indications of already-approved treatment; the USFDA took 65 days for such approval, compared with 133 days for the EMA. Where MAs were issued by both authorities, USFDA approvals were issued before EMA approvals; applications for approval were submitted to the FDA before submission to the EMA. Three EU and two US MAs were based on data from two or more phase 3 clinical trials; the remaining ones were based on single trial data. Only six EU and four US trials had been completed by the time of authorization. This was in line with regulations. While the applicable regulations shared many similarities, there were marked differences. For instance, the EU's conditional MA regulation pertains only to first approvals of new treatments. It does not cover new indications of already-approved treatments. This contrasts with the US, where the EUA regulation applies to both types of applications, something that may have impacted approval timelines. Overall, both EU and US utilized regulations were considered to be effective. For most cases, utilizing such regulations for Covid-19 MAs resulted in faster approval timelines compared to standard MAs. They were flexible enough to manage the process of granting emergency approvals while maintaining strict requirements and allowing comprehensive reviews of the supporting evidence. Conclusion: US and EU regulations were effective in ensuring timely accelerated market access to Covid-19 medicines during the pandemic without compromising the approval standards related to safety or efficacy. The population in both regions will receive comparable access to medicines during a pandemic if sponsors submit their applications to both authorities in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data indicate a widening academic-practice gap. Utilizing a single-group pre-post interventional design, the purpose of this project was to determine if repeated participation in Sentinel U Patient Management and Delegation virtual simulations influenced new graduate nurses' prioritization and delegation. Increased confidence in ability to complete patient care assignments on time and transferability of learning outcomes to practice were identified. There may be value in nurses receiving virtual simulations within their residency program to close the academic-practice gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the Republics of socialist Yugoslavia, Montenegro has sought to establish close cooperation with Italy since the mid-1960s. As part of this policy, Montenegro paid close attention to the region of Apulia, geographically closest to Montenegro. The beginning of the cooperation was the establishment of the ferry line Antivari -- Bari in 1965. In 1966 relations were established between Titograd (Podgorica), the capital of Montenegro, and Bari, the capital of Apulia. The first official delegation from Montenegro visited Apulia in 1973 and in the same year an Apulian delegation visited Montenegro. That year, the fairs of Montenegro and Apulia founded the company «Centrojug-Italia». After the signing of the Osimo Agreements between Italy and Yugoslavia in 1975, which regulated the relationship between the two countries, the cooperation between Montenegro and Apulia developed further. A delegation of the Montenegrin Government paid an official visit to Apulia in 1977, while a delegation from Apulia visited Montenegro in 1980. One of the most significant results of these agreements was the establishment of a joint company «Levant-Co» in Bari in 1978. This article presents in detail the meetings of representatives from Montenegro and Apulia, their agreements and concrete examples of cooperation from 1973 to 1980. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article tackles the complexity of the delegation of authority to arbitrators to decide on their own jurisdiction with the incorporation of the American Arbitration Association's Commercial Arbitration Rules and a carve-out from the scope of disputes subject to arbitration. Topics discussed include conflicting decisions on cases involving the application of an arbitration clause, differences in the language of arbitration clauses, and arbitrability in the context of deciding on delegation.

Copyright of Economic Researcher Review is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The nurse staffing crisis requires nurses and administrators to think differently about how to get things done. Delegation is key to doing more work with fewer registered nurses (RNs) and retaining current RN staff. Responsibility for effective delegation does not rest solely with the RN but begins with the institution, and includes both the delegator and delegatee. While effective delegation has often been referred to as an art, knowing the science behind delegation can aid in honing a skill necessary for top of license practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on property rights theory, we explore the relationship among property rights, owner-management, and value creation in private firms. We suggest that property rights in the hands of owner-managers create strategic, incentive, and commitment benefits that facilitate value creation. However, the self-incentivizing nature of property rights engenders three control hazards-those related to reliability, egocentrism, and succession- that threaten stakeholder welfare. In order to mitigate these hazards, owner-managersmust establish credible governance. We discuss four governancemechanisms often found in owner-managed firms: commitment to social control, delegation of authority to managers, submission to the hierarchy of a board, and partial transfer of ownership. Although these mechanisms help mitigate control hazards, they also constrain the valuegenerating benefits of owner-management. Owner-managers thus face control dilemmas when determining howto best govern their firms. Our theory sheds new light on the relationship between property rights and value creation, and lays a foundation for exploring the benefits and liabilities of owner-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article gives a contextual understanding of human resource agility by highlighting organizational factors that influence it. The existing literature lacks assessments of the level of knowledge on this subject. The objective of this research was to address this gap by examining scholarly advancements in the area of human resources agility. To accomplish this, researchers reviewed all of the articles that would have been available in various electronic databases up to 2022. Conceptually, the data enabled us to determine that the agility of human resources comprised three connected dimensions: proactivity, resilience, and adaptation. One can acquire these characteristics through I) effective communication, II) delegation of authority, III) decision-making, and IV) work teams. This study also allowed us to suggest a plan for future research on the agility of human resources and other related topics. This article highlights the significance of human resource agility and its potential impact on business competitiveness, particularly in developing nations. It also brings attention to a topic that has limited discussion in academic literature.

The article presents a study which examined the effect of an NA Training Program on acute care inpatient registered nurses' (RN's) and nursing assistants' (NAs') perceived job satisfaction, delegation practices, and missed care. Topics discussed include issues impacting patient safety, most frequent reasons for missed care items, and workshop/survey results.

Nursing education focuses on nursing theory and the ability to perform tasks. There is a lack of education related to prioritization of nursing tasks. Therefore, new nurses transitioning into their roles sometimes struggle and, as a result, leave their units or, often enough, our facility. We developed a Professional Success Program that includes cognitive prioritization exercises and simulation scenarios to assist these nurses. After utilizing the program, our facility has seen an increase in nurse retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how organizations use team selection and delegation of authority jointly to navigate uncertain environments. To do so, we model a managerial decision environment in which a manager both determines the skill heterogeneity of the workers and determines whether to retain or delegate the ability to allocate tasks. Delegation enables better-informed workers to allocate tasks more efficiently when uncertainty is high relative to the incentive conflict between manager and worker. Our novel approach allows us to illustrate that this conflict is endogenously determined by the team selection decision. Experimental data support—although not globally—the direction of our theoretical hypotheses and offer insight into how and why choices deviate from expected behavior. Notably, we identify behavioral characteristics that aid decisions along each dimension. Deliberative thinking improves all decisions under low uncertainty and improves team selection regardless of the level of uncertainty. Risk tolerance improves all decisions in highly uncertain situations and helps managers optimally delegate decision rights in all settings. The results highlight potentially costly ways in which managers seek to simplify their decisions but show how deliberative thinking and risk tolerance can improve performance in a complementary manner. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: The authors thank Florida State University and the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics for financial support. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1545. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leading human service agencies has always been challenging, but recent political, financial, public health, and racial tensions in the U.S. have added further turbulence and complexity to those in CEO and Executive Director positions tasked with providing steady leadership of agencies serving the most vulnerable in our society. Though numerous books and journal articles examining leadership are published every year, there is something valuable about learning from experiences of leaders in the field. This article shares the perspective of one such leader, whose leadership approach is grounded on the principles of The Sanctuary Model, an evidence-supported, trauma-informed, organizational change intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]