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Fil: Prat Kricun, Sergio Dante. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul (Misiones); Argentina. Fil: Belingheri, Luis Dario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul (Misiones); Argentina. Fil: Kuzdra, Hipolito Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul (Misiones); Argentina. En el estudio se efectuó la evaluación final del rendimiento y calidad de 28 nuevos cultivares obtenidos a partir de la selección en progenies biclonales de los cultivares más difundidos en la región. Se instalaron 4 experiencias en las localidades de Cerro Azul y Gobernador Virasoro en los años 2008 y 2009, con un diseño de bloques al azar con 8 y 3 repeticiones, respectivamente. La evaluación de rendimiento se efectuó en el período 2011/12 a 2013/14, con cosecha mecanizada y recolección con intervalos de 12 a 14 días. Las muestras para calidad sensorial se elaboraron como té negro en microsecadero y se evaluó su calidad de acuerdo a la norma ISO 3103. Los rendimientos promedios de los cultivares TG21103, TG21202 y SG24302 en la localidad de Cerro Azul fueron significativamente superiores al cultivar control (CH14) y similar al control en Gobernador Virasoro, en el período 2010/11 y 2012/13; en tanto el cultivar TG8109, fue significativamente superior al control en ambos sitios para el período 2010/11 y 2013/14. El resto de los cultivares en evaluación resultaron similares o inferiores al control en ambos sitios. Respecto a la calidad sensorial, se mantuvo dentro de las exigencias de los mercados internacionales, con excelente color y adecuada astringencia. This study was carried out to evaluate the yield and sensory quality of 28 new cultivars obtained from the selection in biclonal progenies of the best-known cultivars in the region. Four experiences were set up in the towns of Cerro Azul and Gobernador Virasoro in 2008 and 2009, with a randomized block design and8 and 3 repetitions, respectively. The evaluation of performance was implemented during the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, with mechanized harvesting and period collections with intervals of 12 to 14 days. The samples for sensory quality were elaborated as black tea in miniature tea factories and the quality was evaluated using the standard ISO 3103. The average yields of the cultivars TG21103, TG21202 and SG24302 in Cerro Azul were significantly superior to the control cultivar CH14 and similar to the one in Gobernador Virasoro in the period 2010/11 and 2012/13; while the cultivar TG8109 was significantly superior to the control cultivar in both sites for the period 2010/11 and 2013/14. The yields of the rest of the cultivars were similar or lower to the control cultivar in both sites. Regarding the sensory quality, it remained within the requirements of the international markets, with excellent color and adequate astringency.

Los autores son un grupo de profesores de Anatomía, que pensamos representativo de la realidad argentina y latinoamericana, que relatarán la situación de sus universidades en lo referente a la utilización de material cadavérico para la enseñanza de la Anatomía. La importancia que le adjudican a la disección o al material disecado para la enseñanza-aprendizaje, la disponibilidad de cuerpos, su origen y si cuentan con programas para la procuración y/o donación, son algunos de los aspectos abordados. Seguramente podrán comprobar que existen aspectos comunes y algunos notoriamente diferentes. El objetivo de este Debate es conocer la realidad de países con una idiosincrasia similar, aprender de las experiencias positivas y negativas, y propiciar el avance en un tema en que, Argentina en particular y Latinoamérica en general, está muy retrasada. Authors are a group of professors of Anatomy we considered to be representative of argentine and latin-american reality, who will expose their university situation in relation to the use of cadaveric material for teaching in Anatomy. Some of the treated topics are the importance of dissection and dissected material for teaching and learning, bodies availability, their origin and if their universities have programs for body procurement and donation. Readers will certainly identify some common aspects and some notorious differences. The Debate objective is to get information on the reality of countries with similar idiosyncracy, to learn on other’s positive and negative experiences, and to propitiate the development in this topic in which Argentina and Latin-America are delayed.

Para esta segunda parte se realizó una amplia invitación. Publicamos los aportes de destacados autores cuya generosa contribución al Debate lo jerarquiza. Las preguntas enviadas por el Dr. Thambi Dorai fueron enviadas a los participantes del Debate inicial y sus respuestas incluidas en el presente artículo. A wide spread invitation was distributed for this second part. We are publishing some generous contributions from relevant authors which hierarchized the Debate. Questions sent by Dr. Thambi Dorai were envied to all the participants in the initial Debate and their answers included in the current article.

L’hypoxemie, si elle n’est pas reconnue, entraine a court ou moyen termes et suivant sa gravite un syndrome de defaillance multiviscerale qui peut etre letal. Sa recherche est primordiale et systematique pour tous les patients vus dans le cadre de l’urgence. Suivant sa gravite et son etiologie, la methode d’oxygenation varie et doit etre reevaluee rapidement afin de l’optimiser. Quand les methodes d’oxygenation non invasives sont depassees, elles sont relayees par des techniques invasives qui necessitent une autre orientation que celle des urgences.

Acetabular cup orientation (inclination and anteversion) is a fundamental topic in orthopaedics and depends on pelvis tilt (positional parameter) emphasising the notion of a safe range of pelvis tilt. The hypothesis was that pelvic incidence (morphologic parameter) could yield a more accurate and reliable assessment than pelvis tilt. The aim was to find out a predictive equation of acetabular 3D orientation parameters which were determined by pelvic incidence to include in the model. The second aim was to consider the asymmetry between the right and left acetabulae. Twelve pelvic anatomic specimens were measured with an electromagnetic Fastrak system (Polhemus Society) providing 3D position of anatomical landmarks to allow measurement of acetabular and pelvic parameters. Acetabulum and pelvis data were correlated by a Spearman matrix. A robust linear regression analysis provided prediction of acetabulum axes. The orientation of each acetabulum could be predicted by the incidence. The incidence is correlated with the morphology of acetabula. The asymmetry of the acetabular roof was correlated with pelvic incidence. This study allowed analysis of relationships of acetabular orientation and pelvic incidence. Pelvic incidence (morphologic parameter) could determine the safe range of pelvis tilt (positional parameter) for an individual and not a group.

International audience; Decades of deforestation and over logging have created large expanses of degraded lands in many countries including Vietnam. Reforestation may offer one means of mitigating these processes of degradation while sustaining biodiversity conservation. However a lack of information regarding trees, in particular threatened tree species has been identified as an important limitation in being able to reforest for biodiversity conservation. In the current study, conducted in the Tan Phu "protection forest", the investigation surrounds the feasibility of biodiversity restoration in a fast-growing plantation after logging. Twelve threatened and native species mainly belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae and Fabaceae families have been considered. Seedlings grown in a local nursery have been planted under the canopy of a 50 ha pioneer forest, with a distance of 5 m between plants and between rows. The experimental design consists of blocks, each one with a replication of a 16-tree plot for each species. Four years after plantation, the survival rate of seedlings is high (> 70 %), except for Dipterocarpus costatus (< 10 %). Growth shows possible inhibitions under a closed canopy but the mean annual increment is generally satisfactory. The early performance of the seedlings is promising to make this plantation a good example of biodiversity restoration. These results could enhance the reforestation efforts of forest managers and encourage them to use native tree species including threatened ones in order to restore a high level of biodiversity in tropical degraded forests.

El presente proyecto tuvo como objetivo determinar el contenido de materia seca de las siguientes catequinas, epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG), epigalocatequina (EGC), epicatequina (EC), catequina (C) y catequina galato (CG), en los cultivares de té CH 14 INTA, CH 112 INTA, CH 318 INTA, CH 410 INTA y CH 732 INTA elaborados como té negro, durante tres épocas de zafra. Se empleó un sistema de extracción acuosa y la determinación de los compuestos se efectuó por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC), con elución isocrática. Los contenidos de catequinas se analizaron por análisis de variancia (P

The goal in this paper was to rebuild a three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds, in the human embryos, at Carnegie stages 15-23.The early development of the pancreas is studied by tissue observation and reconstruction by a computer-assisted method, using a light micrograph images from consecutive serial sagittal sections (diameter 7 microm) of ten human embryos ranging from Carnegie stages 15-23, CRL 7-27 mm, fixed, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin, were stained alternately with haematoxylin-eosin or Heindenhain'Azan. The images were digitalized by Canon Camera 350 EOS D. The serial views were aligned automatically by software, manual alignment was performed, the data were analysed following segmentation and threshold.The two buds were clearly identified at stage 15. In stage 16, both pancreatic buds were in final position, and begin to merge in stage 17. From stage 18 to the stage 23, surrounding connective tissue differentiated. In the stage 23, the morphology of the pancreas was definitive. The superior portion of the anterior face of the pancreas's head was arising from the dorsal bud. The rest of the head including the uncinate process emanated from the ventral bud.The 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of the human pancreas visualized the relationships between the two pancreatic buds. This explains the disposition and the modality of the components fusion. This embryologic development permits a better understanding of congenital abnormalities.

Le but de ce travail etait d’evaluer la valeur de l’angle d’incidence pelvienne (IP) comme facteur predictif de descente perineale. Ce facteur morphologique osseux, acquis a la fin de la croissance, n’a jamais ete correle a un trouble de la statique pelvienne. Dans une etude retrospective de 197 femmes, la descente du perinee au repos et durant la poussee est evaluee a partir de defecographies. L’angle d’IP (53° ± 9 °C, independant de la position du sujet) est defini comme l’angle entre la droite perpendiculaire au milieu du plateau superieur du sacrum et la droite reliant ce dernier avec le milieu de l’axe bicoxofemoral. L’angle d’IP etait correle a la descente perineale. L’angle d’IP etait statistiquement plus grand lors de la descente du perinee au repos (64 versus 53 °C; p 62 °C) avait une sensibilite (73 %), une specificite (82 %), une valeur predictive positive (81 %) et une valeur predictive negative (75 %). Une grande IP (> 62 °C) est un facteur predictif de la descente perineale au repos avant l’apparition des autres facteurs de risque lies a l’âge. Une grande IP (> 62 °C) s’accompagne d’un large porte-a-faux et d’une horizontalisation du perinee, provoquant une augmentation des contraintes entre les insertions de celui-ci. Une simple radiographie du bassin de profil pourrait permettre de depister un pelvis a risque de trouble de la statique pelvienne.

Introduction La tuberculose est la complication infectieuse la plus frequente des patients infectes par le virus de l’immunodeficience humaine (VIH). Son incidence ainsi que la proportion des formes disseminees augmentent avec l’immunosuppression. L’apparition d’un choc septique et d’une defaillance multiviscerale est rare mais augmente fortement la mortalite. Observation Un patient de 44 ans seropositif pour le VIH est admis en reanimation pour une detresse respiratoire aigue. Il est febrile depuis deux semaines, sur la radiographie thoracique on observe un discret syndrome interstitiel et l’endoscopie bronchique montre des granulations blanchâtres endobronchiques. Toutes les investigations bacteriologiques etaient negatives au moment de l’admission. Le patient decede 16 heures plus tard en raison d’une defaillance multiviscerale. L’examen direct et la culture du lavage bronchoalveolaire ainsi que les hemocultures et la biopsie hepatique post mortem montreront la presence de mycobacteries. Conclusion Le choc septique est une complication rare de la tuberculose disseminee. La mortalite est tres elevee dans ce contexte. Un traitement precoce, notamment en cas de tres forte suspicion de tuberculose, est necessaire.

Le diagnostic de syndrome canalaire du nerf pudendal est un diagnostic avant tout clinique. Il n’y a aucun marqueur clinique ou paraclinique specifique de cette pathologie. Un faisceau d’arguments permet cependant d’evoquer le diagnostic. Un groupe d’experts a valide des criteres diagnostiques simples (criteres de Nantes). Les criteres indispensables au diagnostic sont: l’existence d’une douleur situee dans le territoire anatomique du nerf pudendal, aggravee en station assise, ne reveillant pas la nuit, sans hypoesthesie objective a l’examen clinique mais avec un bloc anesthesique du tronc du nerf pudendal positif. D’autres elements cliniques pourront apporter des arguments supplementaires au diagnostic de nevralgie pudendale. En revanche, nous proposons des criteres d’exclusion: douleurs purement coccygienne, fessiere ou hypogastriques, douleurs uniquement paroxystiques, prurit, presence d’anomalies d’imagerie susceptibles d’expliquer la symptomatologie. La nevralgie pudendale peut etre typique mais egalement deroutante en raison de signes associes qui temoignent de reactions d’hypersensibilisation peripherique et centrale a expression neuropathique, musculaire ou vegetative.

Une compression chronique du nerf pudendal dans un site d’etroitesse anatomique (syndrome canalaire) peut etre a l’origine de douleurs perineales invalidantes. Ce type d’atteinte doit etre diagnostique de facon specifique, car cela peut constituer une indication de neurolyse chirurgicale. Dans ce cadre, il est usuel de demander un examen electroneuromyographique (ENMG) du perinee, qui sera base sur l’etude de l’activite electromyographique de muscles perineaux, des reflexes sacres et des conductions motrices du nerf pudendal. Differentes considerations physiopathologiques et techniques expliquent certaines limites de l’ENMG qu’il faut connaitre. C’est ainsi que les methodes utilisees n’evaluent pas les anomalies fonctionnelles a l’origine des douleurs, mais plutot les alterations structurelles du nerf pudendal (demyelinisation ou perte axonale). De plus, seule l’innervation motrice directe ou reflexe est evaluee, alors que l’etude specifique des conductions sensitives serait sans doute plus sensible a objectiver une compression nerveuse. Enfin, il n’est pas possible de distinguer l’atteinte compressive des nombreuses autres causes de lesion nerveuse pudendale (chirurgicales, obstetricales, liees a une constipation chronique…). Ainsi, l’ENMG perineal a une sensibilite et une specificite limitees dans le diagnostic de syndrome canalaire pudendal et ne renseigne pas directement sur le phenomene douloureux. Le diagnostic de nevralgie pudendale repond en fait a des criteres cliniques precis et l’ENMG ne peut que donner des arguments supplementaires, mais non formels en faveur de ce diagnostic. L’ENMG perineal permet surtout de faire un « etat des lieux » de l’innervation perineale en prevision d’un geste chirurgical de decompression, et pourrait eventuellement fournir certains elements predictifs de l’interet de l’intervention. En revanche, l’ENMG ne permet generalement pas de localiser precisement le site de compression et n’a, dans tous les cas, aucune utilite dans la surveillance peroperatoire.

Reliability and reproducibility of two radiological pelvic parameters are tested: thickness (length of the segment defined by the middle of the upper endplate of the sacrum to the middle of the bi-coxo-femoral axis) and pelvic incidence (angle defined by the perpendicular line to the centre of the upper endplate of the sacrum and the thickness line). These two parameters provide a pelvis description and assess the relation between pelvis and spinal curves. The anatomical reliability of these radiological parameters was not achieved. The values of these two parameters from X-ray versus direct measurement on 12 anatomical specimens are compared. The direct measurement was performed by means of an electromagnetic Fastrak system (Polhemus society) providing 3D position of anatomical landmarks and allowing to measure the incidence and the thickness. These parameters were also measured from sagittal X-ray. Their values were compared. Incidence: the paired t-test and the variance ratio test were not statistically significant and a highly significant positive correlation existed between anatomical and radiological values (r=0.98; P

A liquid chromatographic method has been developed to separate a series of quinolones which are widely used as veterinary drugs: danofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin (and its metabolite ciprofloxacin), marbofloxacin, norfloxacin and sarafloxacin. Separation was performed by using an end-capped high-purity silica-based C8 column and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-aqueous oxalic acid buffer solution. In order to establish the optimal conditions for an isocratic separation, a three-factor Doehlert experimental design was applied. Gradient elution was applied which reduced analysis time. Figures of merit of the method proposed, with fluorimetric detection, were evaluated.

ResumenObjetivoEstimar la prevalencia de tuberculosis pulmonar, analizar factores asociados a su positividad y analizar el uso de servicios de salud en tosedores usuarios del primer nivel de atención en zonas de alta y muy alta marginación de la Región Fronteriza de Chiapas, México.MétodosEn 1997 se realizó una búsqueda activa de tosedores (n = 573), entre usuarios (n = 2.203) de una muestra aleatoria de siete unidades del primer nivel de atención, a los que se les solicitaron tres muestras de esputo para la realización de baciloscopías y cultivos.ResultadosSe encontró una tasa de positividad a tuberculosis pulmonar de 11,1 por 100 pacientes estudiados (IC 95% = 6,6–17,2). La positividad a tuberculosis pulmonar se mostró asociada al tamaño y grado de marginación de la localidad de residencia. El 56% de los tosedores acudió a consulta por síntomas no respiratorios.ConclusionesEs necesario reforzar la detección y control de la tuberculosis pulmonar en el primer nivel de atención, así como sensibilizar y brindar educación para la salud a la población en general, con el fin de aumentar la demanda de atención a causa de la tos y reducir el tiempo entre el inicio de la tos y la búsqueda de atención.AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and to analyze the utilization of health services, in coughers seeking care at primary care centers, within areas of «severe» and «very severe» poverty, in the Border Region of Chiapas, Mexico.Materials and methodsIn 1997 an active case finding of patients with cough was carried out among all patients aged over 14 years seeking consultation (n = 2.203) in a random sample of seven primary care centers; 573 coughers were found.ResultsA rate of 11.1 positive pulmonary tuberculosis per hundred patients was found (95% CI = 6.6–17.2). The factors associated with positive pulmonary tuberculosis were size and poverty level of the locality of residence. Fifty-six percent of the coughers sought care for non-respiratory symptoms.ConclusionsIt is necessary to improve detection and control of pulmonary tuberculosis at the primary care centers, as well as to develop a health education campaign among the general population, with the aim of increasing the demands for care among coughers and reduce the time elapsed between onset of cough and first medical care.

The dissociation constants of several quinolones in a 7% acetonitrile-water mixture are determined. A model describing the effect of pH on the retention of quinolones by an octadecylsilica stationary phase with a 7% acetonitrile-water mobile phase is proposed. The model uses pH values in the mobile phase instead of pH values in water and takes into account the effect of activity coefficients. Fluorescence of quinolones in the mobile phase is studied, and a chromatographic separation with fluorimetric detection is established. Detection limits for the proposed method range from 3 to 12 μg·L−1.

Resume Notre etude comprenait 75 patientes dont l'âge moyen etait de 55,05 ± 13,27 ans. Ces patientes ont eu une exploration electrophysiologique perineale qui comprenait la detection du muscle sphincter anal externe et la recherche de la latence du reflexe sacre par stimulation du nerf dorsal du clitoris et recueil dans le sphincter anal externe. Des atteintes neurogenes peripheriques isolees du nerf pudendal ou associees a des atteintes musculaires sont correlees avec la presence d'un perinee descendant. Notre etude a tenu compte des antecedents obstetricaux et chirurgicaux dans la survenue de cette atteinte, mais ces derniers n'etaient pas impliques de facon significative.

Male reproductive success in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco: the effects of spatial structure and flowering characteristics

International audience; Two Eucalyptus microtheca clones (clones 42 and 43) suspected to be salt tolerant were rooted and grown in a greenhouse. Five-month old cuttings were watered for 2 months with and without 200 mM NaCl. During the salt stress period, mineral (Na, Ca, K and Cl) and organic (soluble amino acids and proline) compounds were determined in roots, stems and leaves. Changes in protein profiles induced by salt stress were investigated after 2 weeks of salt treatment. Clone 42 demonstrated a delayed growth during salt stress while clone 43 showed a complete inhibition of shoot length. Salinity had a significant effect on mineral compounds: whatever the duration of the salt treatment, the uptake of sodium in roots was 2.5 times higher in the more tolerant clone 42 than in clone 43. Regarding potassium and calcium contents in roots, clone 42 demonstrated an increase in its amount whereas clone 43 showed a decrease. The increase in soluble amino acids induced by the stress in the different organs of the two clones was not significantly different whereas a higher content of proline was determined in clone 42 relative to clone 43. Salinity had significant effects on the content of one predominant polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 18 kDa which was specifically induced under salt stress in roots of clone 43. In clone 42, this polypeptide was present in low amounts in control conditions and salt treatment increased its synthesis.

Le verger a graines etudie est constitue de 60 clones selectionnes phenotypiquement dans des peuplements francais de Douglas plantes au cours de la premiere moitie du XX e siecle. Chaque clone a ete caracterise par son profil enzymatique. Sept systemes enzymatiques ont ete reveles, un seul s'est montre monomorphe, 9 locus polymorphes ont ete analyses. Sept locus (cinq systemes enzymatiques) etaient suffisants pour l'identification de tous les clones. Sept des 9 locus polymorphes analyses presentaient des alleles rares (portes par un seul clone). Trois alleles rares ont ete utilises pour estimer le taux d'autofecondation individuel de 3 ramets, mais 2 d'entre eux pouvaient fournir des valeurs erronees du fait de leur desavantage selectif. Les taux individuels d'autofecondation observes sont faibles (2 a 5%). La variabilite genetique du nuage pollinique recu par un ramet n'est pas representative du verger a graines. La semence commerciale du verger montre un indice de fixation superieur a celui du a ces taux d'autofecondation, et de plus des ecarts significatifs ont ete notes dans les frequences alleliques observees par rapport a celles attendues dans le verger compte tenu de sa composition

Background and Purpose A new neurological implant, the Sensor-Reservoir, was developed to provide a relative measurement of ICP, which permits a noninvasive technique to detect and localize occlusions in ventricular drainage systems and, thus, to identify mechanical damage to shunt valves. The “reservoir” of this device can be used to administer medication or a contrast agent, to extract cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and with the possibility of directly measuring ICP. The Sensor-Reservoir was evaluated to identify possible MRI-related issues at 1.5-T/64-MHz and 3-T/128-MHz. Materials and Methods Standard testing techniques were utilized to evaluate magnetic field interactions (i.e., translational attraction and torque), MRI-related heating, and artifacts at 3-T for the Sensor-Reservoir. In addition, 12 samples of the Sensor-Reservoir underwent testing to determine if the function of these devices was affected by exposures to various MRI conditions at 1.5-T/64-MHz and 3-T/128-MHz. Results Magnetic field interactions for the Sensor-Reservoir were not substantial. The heating results indicated a highest temperature rise of 1.8 °C, which poses no patient risks. Artifacts were relatively small in relation to the size and shape of the Sensor-Reservoir, but may interfere diagnostically if the area of interest is near the device. All devices were unaffected by exposures to MRI conditions at 1.5-T/64-MHz and 3-T/128-MHz. Conclusion When specific guidelines are followed, the Sensor-Reservoir is “MR conditional” for patients undergoing MRI examinations at 3-T or less.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has rarely been described.We report a case of community-acquired pneumonia occurring in a patient with Down's syndrome. Persisting hypoxemia raised the questions of nosocomial pneumonia, of the occurrence of a fibrosing alveolitis or of the resistance of the strain to macrolides. After a long period of very severe respiratory impairment, the evolution was progressively favourable and the patient was discharged from ICU with full respiratory recovery 43 days after admission.Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by M. pneumoniae infection is rare but must be considered when the appropriate clinical and radiological pattern occurs. The question of the susceptibility of the strain to macrolides has to be raised in some circumstances.

The genus Ilex to which mate (Ilex paraguariensis) belongs, consists of more than 500 species. A wide range of metabolites including saponins and phenylpropanoids has been reported from Ilex species. However, despite the previous works on the Ilex metabolites, the metabolic similarities between species which can be used for chemotaxonomy of the species are not clear yet. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics was applied to the classification of 11 South American Ilex species, namely, Ilex argentina, Ilex brasiliensis, Ilex brevicuspis, Ilex dumosa var. dumosa, I. dumosa var. guaranina. Ilex integerrima, Ilex microdonta, I. paraguariensis var. paraguariensis. Ilex pseudobuxus, Ilex taubertiana, and Ilex theezans. H-1 NMR combined with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed a clear separation between species and resulted in four groups based on metabolomic similarities. The signal congestion of NMR spectra was overcome by the implementation of two-dimensional (2D)-J-resolved and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC). From the results obtained by 1D- and 2D-NMR-based metabolomics it was concluded that species included in group A (I. paraguariensis) were metabolically characterized by a higher amount of xanthines, and phenolics including phenylpropanoids and flavonoids; group B (I. dumosa var. dumosa and I. dumosa var. guaranina) with oleanane type saponins; group C (I. brasiliensis, I. integerrima, I. pseudobuxus and I. theezans) with arbutin and dicaffeoylquinic acids, and group D (I. argentina, I. brevicuspis, I. microdonta and I. taubertiana) with the highest level of ursane-type saponins. Clear metabolomic discrimination of Hex species and varieties in this study makes the chemotaxonomic classification of Hex species possible. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

By measuring the pelvic incidence angle, we assessed the relationship between pelvic floor disorders and pelvic morphology, which allowed us to document for the first time the hypothesis that pelvic incidence may be a predictive factor of perineal descent.In a retrospective study of 197 women, the perineal descent at rest and during straining was assessed by defecography. The pelvic incidence angle (53 degrees +/- 9 degrees , independent of the subject position) was defined as the angle between the line perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and the line connecting this point to the middle of the femoral heads axis. The pelvic incidence angle was correlated with the incidence of pelvic floor descent.In those with pelvic floor descent at rest compared with those without, pelvic incidence angle was significantly larger (64 degrees vs. 53 degrees , P10E-06). As a predictive factor of perineal descent at rest, a great pelvic incidence (62 degrees ) had a sensitivity (73 percent), specificity (82 percent), positive predictive value (81 percent), and negative predictive value (75 percent).A large pelvic incidence (62 degrees ) may be a predictive factor of perineal descent at rest before the apparition of other acquired factors. With pelvic incidence62 degrees , a large overhang between the insertions increases the strains on the perineum, which is rather horizontal.

Tuberculosis is the most common infectious complication in HIV infected patients. The incidence of tuberculosis and the proportion of disseminated disease increase with more severe immuno-suppression. Septic shock and multiple organ failure are uncommon but are of markedly bad prognostic significance.A forty-four year old HIV seropositive man was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory distress. The patient had been febrile for the previous two weeks. His thoracic radiograph showed a discrete interstitial infiltrate and at bronchoscopy small whitish granulations were observed in the main bronchi. All bacteriological investigations remained negative at the time of ICU admission. The patient died sixteen hours later due to multiple organ failure. Mycobacteria were identified after patient's death on the smear from BAL, from blood cultures, and in a postmortem liver biopsy.Septic shock is an infrequent complication of disseminated tuberculosis. Mortality is very high. Treatment should be started early in cases with a high diagnostic suspicion.

The aim of this work was to reconstruct, in the rat embryos, stage 12-23, the three dimensional (3D) distribution of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds by of a computer assisted method. Ninety-six rat embryos, CRL 3-16 mm, fixed, dehydrated, and paraffin embedded, were submitted to serial histological sections and stained by hematoxylin-eosin and Heidenhain's azan techniques. The images were digitalized by Canon Camera 350 EOS D. The serial views were aligned anatomically by software and the data were analyzed following segmentation and thresholding. The dorsal pancreas developed from the dorsal wall of the duodenum in stage 12, while the ventral pancreas arose from the ventral wall of the hepatic diverticulum in stage 13 and 14. The rotation of ventral pancreas started in stage 15 and was completed in stage 16. The fusion of both buds was evident in stage 17. In stage 23 the limit between dorsal and ventral bud was still marked by the pathway of superior mesenteric vein.

A seismic reservoir characterisation is method is explained and used to build a 3D facies model for the deep offshore Girassol field, Angola. This 3D seismic facies model is updated using time-lapse attributes derived from 2 repeat seismic surveys. During the update, non-reservoir cells that proved to have shown production induced impedance changes are reassigned to a most probable reservoir facies. Using the updated facies model in history matching, the breakthrough time of a injector/producer pair is significantly improved when compared to the initial reservoir model.

Male sterile plants appeared in the progeny of three fertile plants obtained after one cycle of protoplast culture from a fertile botanical line and two androgenetic lines of Nicotiana sylvestris. These plants showed the same foliar and floral abnormalities as the cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) mitochondrial variants obtained after two cycles of culture. We show that male sterility in these plants is controlled by three independent nuclear genes, ms1, ms2 and ms3, while no changes can be seen in the mitochondrial genome. However, differences were found between the in organello mitochondrial protein synthesis patterns of male sterile and parent plants. Two reproducible changes were observed: the presence of a new 20 kDa polypeptide and the absence of a 40 kDa one. Such variations were described previously in mitochondrial protein synthesis patterns of the cms lines. Fertile hybrids of male sterile plants showed normal synthesis patterns. The male sterile plants are thus mutated in nuclear genes involved in changes observed in mitochondrial protein synthesis patterns.

Salt (NaCl) tolerance of 3 eucalypt species (Eucalyptus alba Reinw. ex Bl., E. camaldulensis Dehnh and E. microtheca f.v. Muell.) was studied: three-month-old seedlings grown in a greenhouse were watered by a saline solution (up to 700 mM) for 1 month. Mineral, water and sugar contents were highly affected by the saline stress. Sodium, K and Ca were accumulated in the leaves. No significant differences were found between E. camaldulensis and E. microtheca, the tolerant species, in water and mineral contents. Sugar contents were greater in E. microtheca. In E. microtheca Na was highly accumulated in roots [up to 910 μmol (g fresh weight)−1], less in stems [up to 580 μmol (g fresh weight)-1] and leaves [up to 410 μmol (g fresh weight)−r]. Chloride was also accumulated, its content was greater than the total content of Na and K, especially in the salt-tolerant provenance. Potassium and Ca contents were variously affected by the saline stress whereas soluble protein, amino acid and sugar contents were increased. Just after the saline stress, plants showed a large increase in the Na content of the leaf while the decrease in the K content of the stem and leaf continued. Plants were killed by the stress, probably because of too high accumulation of Na in leaves or roots according to the provenance. Osmoregulation and especially the participation of Na are discussed.

Angiogenesis is an essential process in the progression of malignant tumors and the most potent angiogenic factor is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). On the other hand, the CD34 is an endothelial antigen that has been used to highlight the microvasculature vessel density (MVD) as a direct marker of the degree of neoangiogenesis. In the present study we report the VEGF expression and its relationship with MVD, measured by CD34, in two lineages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL): low differentiated adenocarcinomas and epidermoid carcinomas, in order to consider the possibility of using the correlation between both antibodies as a prognostic factor. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for CD34 and VEGF. The results showed that the mean value of VEGF for adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than the one for epidermoid carcinoma (p0.001). However, the mean of MVD did not show significant differences between both types of tumors. The conventional factors taken into consideration (age over 60, sex, and presence of lymph nodes) was not significantly related to the angiogenic factors examined. In conclusion, we could affirm that CD34 is a better prognostic marker of neoangiogenesis in NSCLC, because both types of tumors have the same clinical prognosis, and so we expected the same behaviour from both markers.

Restricted access materials (RAM) based on alkyl diol silica (ADS) porous particles were evaluated for the sample clean-up in tetracyclines analysis in milk and water samples by liquid chromatography. RAM with C(4), C(8) and C(18) bonded to the inner pore surfaces were tested, with C(8) providing the best performance. A switching column LC system which combines an ADS C(8) RAM column and an analytical C(18) column connected to a fluorimetric detector was used for tetracyclines analysis. The RAM clean-up removed large peaks that otherwise appeared in the initial time window of the chromatograms, attributed to proteins in milk samples and humic substances in water samples. Thus, quantification of analytes in real samples, especially of the most polar compounds such as oxytetracycline and tetracycline, was clearly improved.

International audience; Entrapment of the pudendal nerve may be at the origin of chronic perineal pain. This syndrome must be diagnosed because this can result in the indication of surgical decompression of the entrapped nerve for pain relief. Electroneuromyographic (ENMG) investigation is often performed in this context, based on needle electromyography and the study of sacral reflex and pudendal nerve motor latencies. The limits of ENMG investigation, owing to various pathophysiological and technical considerations, should be known. The employed techniques do not assess directly the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain but rather correlate to structural alterations of the pudendal nerve (demyelination or axonal loss). In addition, only direct or reflex motor innervation is investigated, whereas sensory nerve conduction studies should be more sensitive to detect nerve compression. Finally, ENMG cannot differentiate entrapment from other causes of pudendal nerve lesion (stretch induced by surgical procedures, obstetrical damage, chronic constipation...). Thus, perineal ENMG has a limited sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome and does not give direct information about pain mechanisms. Pudendal neuralgia related to nerve entrapment is mainly suspected on specific clinical features and perineal ENMG examination provides additional, but no definitive clues, for the diagnosis or the localization of the site of compression. In fact, the main value of ENMG is to assess objectively pudendal motor innervation when a surgical decompression is considered. Perineal ENMG might predict the outcome of surgery but is of no value for intraoperative monitoring.

The aim of this study was to assess pelvic asymmetry (i.e. to determine whether the right iliac bone and the right part of the sacrum are mirror images of the left), both quantitatively and qualitatively, using three-dimensional measurements. Pelvic symmetry was described osteologically using a common reference coordinate system for a large sample of pelvises. Landmarks were established on 12 anatomical specimens with an electromagnetic Fastrak system. Seventy-one paired variables were tested with a paired t-test and a non-parametric test (Wilcoxon). A Pearson correlation matrix between the right and left values of the same variable was applied exclusively to values that were significantly asymmetric in order to calculate a dimensionless asymmetry index, ABGi, for each variable. Fifteen variables were significantly asymmetric and correlated with the right vs. left sides for the following anatomical regions: sacrum, iliac blades, iliac width, acetabulum and the superior lunate surface of the acetabulum. ABGi values above a threshold of +/- 4.8% were considered significantly asymmetric in seven variables of the pelvic area. Total asymmetry involving the right and the left pelvis seems to follow a spiral path in the pelvis; in the upper part, the iliac blades rotate clockwise, and in the lower part, the pubic symphysis rotates anticlockwise. Thus, pelvic asymmetry may be evaluated in clinical examinations by measuring iliac crest orientation.