Search

Background: Myopathies are a group of neuro muscular diseases that cause muscle weakness, cramps, and spasms due to a primary defect of the muscle fiber. We undertook this study of hereditary muscle disorders to identify the clinical patterns and laboratory findings in these conditions and study the correlation between them, which will help in recognizing them early for adequate management with rehabilitation measures and for prognostication. Aim: To assess the correlation between the clinical and investigational profile in Hereditary muscle disorders. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 44 patients with clinical features suggestive of hereditary muscle disorders who sort health care at Institute of neurology, Madras Medical college, Chennai using various investigation techniques like Serum CK measurement, Nerve conduction Study, Electromyography, Muscle biopsy. Results: CK elevation was found in all patients in our study, but the degree of elevation differs among various hereditary muscle disorders. It was maximal (>25 times normal) in patients with DMD (50%), BMD (40%) and in LGMD (4%). High degree of correlation between clinical diagnosis of hereditary muscle disorders and myopathic EMG was found. Myopathic pattern was observed in all patients of Muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathy and distal myopathy.

Background: Myopathies are disorders in which a primary functional or structural impairment of skeletal muscle. In general, Muscle disorders are classified into hereditary and acquired disorders. The approach to a patient with a suspected muscle disease is to determine the correct site of the lesion from history and physical examination. This will help to decide on management and prognostication issues. We undertook this study of hereditary muscle disorders to identify the demographic profile and clinical spectrum of hereditary muscle disorders. Aims and Objectives: To study the demographic profile of patients with hereditary muscle disorders and to study the clinical spectrum of hereditary muscle disorders. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional study was conducted on Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai during the period of July 2018 to February 2019 (8 months), among 44 patients (Males-32, Females-12), with clinical features suggestive of hereditary muscle disorders, with certain exclusion criteria’s. Clinical evaluation was done by detailed history taking followed by general and CNS examination, along with motor system examination. All the data were tabulated in Microsoft XL sheet, followed by analysis using SPSS software (version 20.0).

Marine biogrowth infestation of a seawater intake system was investigated. A digital camera fixed onto a skid was used to record the biogrowth at intervals of 5 m up to a depth of 55 m. Divers inspected the intake shaft and collected the biogrowth samples for biomass estimation. A biomass density of 7.5 kg m-2 and 28.2 kg m-2 was recorded at 5 and 30 m depths respectively. Inspection by the divers revealed that hard-shelled organisms such as oysters and brown and green mussels were observed in plenty up to a thickness of 15 cm and bryozoans grew as epibionts. At lower depths (

In recent years, radio frequency spectrum in wireless communication is not effectively utilized. To utilize the spectrum effectively, an optimistic technology called “Cognitive Radio network” used. It is the best preferable next generation wireless networks. Using DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Access) approaches, it shares the spectrum effectively between the primary and secondary users. It allows the secondary users to use the spectrum by dynamic spectrum sharing algorithms. When the primary users and secondary users are using same frequency band and transmitting simultaneously, there is a spectrum underlay problem in the network. A novel heuristic greedy algorithm proposed for improving the performance parameters of cognitive radio network using co-operative spectrum sensing.

Reversible digital technology can now start taking a more desirable direction for low dissipation of power, higher processing speeds. Here, we suggested the construction of an 8-, 16-, 32-, 64-bit multiplier using the carry-save adder, the Kogge stone adder, and the HNFG adder with the high operating speed of the proposed HNFG gate adder. The architecture of the device and the logic gates which are reversible can be implemented using the Vedic multiplier. The output of the accumulator operation is dependent on the multiplier unit and the adder units. Here, the development of a multiplier and an adder can be built using reversible gates to achieve high operating speeds, and the use of a Vedic multiplier for greater efficiency. Also fewer area and partial elements are used. A comparative study is being conducted between the conventional [1] and the Kogge stone adder based on HNFG. Finally, it has been shown that the proposed HNFG gate with multiplier adder has a relatively high-speed over the conventional method. The whole process of simulation and synthesis is done using Xilinx 14.7 tool.

Communication is among the vast and fast-growing engineering fields. Improving communication efficiency by overcoming external electromagnetic and noise sources is a difficult task. Different methods for detecting and resolving errors are implemented to reduce data loss during transmission. A novel approach that uses cyclic redundancy tests is proposed in this paper. In the field of communication, there have been many developments in the digital world. In most fields of communication, the input message or data is encoded and transmitted through a medium of transmission. Data are obtained at the receiver and the original data is successfully retrieved after decoding the received data. The paper aims to explain the hammer code design cycle with VLSI, as FPGA is cheaper than the other device. The hamming algorithm for encoding and decoding was discussed in this paper and the results were obtained by implementing hamming error detection and the correction code. Compared to the traditional Narayanan and Ramesh (Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12:6281–6285, 2017 [1]) hamming parity checking process, hamming code is an improved version and used in Verilog to transmit n-bit information with redundancy bits. A hamming to find out how important these redundant bits.

This paper is aimed primarily at reducing the overall amount of time and increasing efficiency on FPGA platforms. They are proving their applicability in high-performance computing to decide the field of FPGA’s use. The paper defines the tree adder with variable data path sizes of eight bits to 64 bits, which is the parallel implementation prefix. VHDL was used to develop P.P.A. topology, and Xilinx was synthesized with the FPGA chip machine. Intensive experiments and measurements have been performed, and design costs such as total path delay time and the use of hardware have been checked and assessed. The results for code synthesis demonstrated the best values of delays for spanning tree adder, which was suggested over the existing method Price and Stine (IEEE 62nd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), pp 223–226, 2019 [1]), which has brought new creativity in the field of digital arithmetic. Such designs take the best part of many applications and improve performance in terms of area and delay. This work implements a 64-bit hybrid adder with the carrying increment algorithm using a spanning tree structure. In contrast to an existing design, the results showed promising data.

A deepwater work class remotely operable vehicle (ROV) namely ROSUB 6000 is developed at National Institute of ocean technology, Chennai, India. ROSUB6000 is an unmanned, free swimming underwater vehicle that has six degrees of freedom. ROUSB 6000 system is controlled from a technology demonstration vessel (TDV) Sagar Nidhi. Launching and retrieval system, power house and control console containers, umbilical cable and direction changing pulley arrangement are parts of the ROSUB 6000 deck system. ROSUB 6000 subsea system comprises Tether management system, propulsion system, communication system, navigation equipments, control system, scientific sensors, robotic manipulators, cameras, lights and sampling devices as its subsystems. Deep sea qualification trials of ROSUB 6000 system were conducted at 12 & 13° N and 80 ° E during October 2009 to qualify the system for deep sea exploration and intervention tasks. Four dives at depths of 2004 (m), 2244 (m), 3044 (m) and 3050 (m) were carried out during the trials. Deep sea qualification of ROSUB 6000 system was completed successfully overcoming various challenges like umbilical cable damage, Termination hose failure etc... up to a maximum water depth of 3050 m. System performance feedback, in-situ oceanological parameters such as dissolved oxygen profiles and subsea images were recorded during trials. Push coring and dropping of Indian flag were successfully done. This paper presents in detail the challenges encountered and outcome of deep-sea qualification trial of ROSUB 6000 system.