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1. Measurement of the energy dependence of the e + e − → B B ¯ $$ B\overline{B} $$ , B B ¯ ∗ $$ B{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ , and B ∗ B ¯ ∗ $$ {B}^{\ast }{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ cross sections at Belle II

Author: The Belle II collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal, H. Ahmed, H. Aihara, N. Akopov, A. Aloisio, N. Althubiti, N. Anh Ky, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, R. Ayad, V. Babu, H. Bae, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, Sw. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, J. Baudot, M. Bauer, A. Baur, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, J. Becker, P. K. Behera, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, B. Bhuyan, F. Bianchi, L. Bierwirth, T. Bilka, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. Bolz, A. Bondar, J. Borah, A. Boschetti, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, R. A. Briere, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, Q. Campagna, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, J. Cerasoli, M.-C. Chang, P. Chang, P. Cheema, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, J. Cochran, L. Corona, J. X. Cui, S. Das, F. Dattola, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. de Marino, G. De Nardo, M. De Nuccio, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, S. Dey, R. Dhamija, A. Di Canto, F. Di Capua, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, I. Domínguez Jiménez, T. V. Dong, M. Dorigo, D. Dorner, K. Dort, D. Dossett, S. Dreyer, S. Dubey, K. Dugic, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, M. Eliachevitch, D. Epifanov, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, D. Ferlewicz, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, A. Gabrielli, E. Ganiev, M. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Garg, A. Garmash, G. Gaudino, V. Gaur, A. Gaz, A. Gellrich, G. Ghevondyan, D. Ghosh, H. Ghumaryan, G. Giakoustidis, R. Giordano, A. Giri, A. Glazov, B. Gobbo, R. Godang, O. Gogota, P. Goldenzweig, W. Gradl, T. Grammatico, S. Granderath, E. Graziani, D. Greenwald, Z. Gruberová, T. Gu, Y. Guan, K. Gudkova, S. Halder, Y. Han, K. Hara, T. Hara, C. Harris, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, S. Hazra, C. Hearty, M. T. Hedges, A. Heidelbach, I. Heredia de la Cruz, M. Hernández Villanueva, A. Hershenhorn, T. Higuchi, E. C. Hill, M. Hoek, M. Hohmann, P. Horak, C.-L. Hsu, T. Humair, T. Iijima, K. Inami, G. Inguglia, N. Ipsita, A. Ishikawa, S. Ito, R. Itoh, M. Iwasaki, P. Jackson, W. W. Jacobs, E.-J. Jang, Q. P. Ji, S. Jia, Y. Jin, A. Johnson, K. K. Joo, H. Junkerkalefeld, H. Kakuno, M. Kaleta, D. Kalita, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K. H. Kang, S. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, F. Keil, C. Ketter, C. Kiesling, C.-H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, K.-H. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, H. Kindo, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, T. Koga, S. Kohani, K. Kojima, T. Konno, A. Korobov, S. Korpar, E. Kovalenko, R. Kowalewski, T. M. G. Kraetzschmar, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, Y. Kulii, T. Kuhr, J. Kumar, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, K. Kumara, T. Kunigo, A. Kuzmin, Y.-J. Kwon, S. Lacaprara, Y.-T. Lai, T. Lam, L. Lanceri, J. S. Lange, M. Laurenza, R. Leboucher, F. R. Le Diberder, M. J. Lee, P. Leitl, P. Leo, D. Levit, P. M. Lewis, C. Li, L. K. Li, S. X. Li, Y. Li, Y. B. Li, J. Libby, Q. Y. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, D. Liventsev, S. Longo, A. Lozar, T. Lueck, C. Lyu, Y. Ma, M. Maggiora, S. P. Maharana, R. Maiti, S. Maity, G. Mancinelli, R. Manfredi, E. Manoni, M. Mantovano, D. Marcantonio, S. Marcello, C. Marinas, L. Martel, C. Martellini, A. Martini, T. Martinov, L. Massaccesi, M. Masuda, T. Matsuda, K. Matsuoka, D. Matvienko, S. K. Maurya, J. A. McKenna, R. Mehta, F. Meier, M. Merola, F. Metzner, M. Milesi, C. Miller, M. Mirra, S. Mitra, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyake, R. Mizuk, G. B. Mohanty, N. Molina-Gonzalez, S. Mondal, S. Moneta, H.-G. Moser, M. Mrvar, R. Mussa, I. Nakamura, M. Nakao, Y. Nakazawa, A. Narimani Charan, M. Naruki, D. Narwal, Z. Natkaniec, A. Natochii, L. Nayak, M. Nayak, G. Nazaryan, M. Neu, C. Niebuhr, N. K. Nisar, S. Nishida, S. Ogawa, Y. Onishchuk, H. Ono, Y. Onuki, P. Oskin, F. Otani, P. Pakhlov, G. Pakhlova, A. Paladino, A. Panta, E. Paoloni, S. Pardi, K. Parham, H. Park, J. Park, S.-H. Park, B. Paschen, A. Passeri, S. Patra, S. Paul, T. K. Pedlar, I. Peruzzi, R. Peschke, R. Pestotnik, F. Pham, M. Piccolo, L. E. Piilonen, G. Pinna Angioni, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Podobnik, S. Pokharel, C. Praz, S. Prell, E. Prencipe, M. T. Prim, S. Privalov, H. Purwar, N. Rad, P. Rados, G. Raeuber, S. Raiz, N. Rauls, K. Ravindran, M. Reif, S. Reiter, M. Remnev, L. Reuter, I. Ripp-Baudot, S. H. Robertson, M. Roehrken, J. M. Roney, A. Rostomyan, N. Rout, G. Russo, D. Sahoo, D. A. Sanders, S. Sandilya, A. Sangal, L. Santelj, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, B. Scavino, S. Schneider, M. Schnepf, C. Schwanda, Y. Seino, A. Selce, K. Senyo, J. Serrano, M. E. Sevior, C. Sfienti, W. Shan, C. Sharma, C. P. Shen, X. D. Shi, T. Shillington, T. Shimasaki, J.-G. Shiu, D. Shtol, B. Shwartz, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, J. B. Singh, J. Skorupa, K. Smith, R. J. Sobie, M. Sobotzik, A. Soffer, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, M. Starič, P. Stavroulakis, S. Stefkova, Z. S. Stottler, R. Stroili, J. Strube, Y. Sue, M. Sumihama, K. Sumisawa, W. Sutcliffe, H. Svidras, M. Takahashi, M. Takizawa, U. Tamponi, S. Tanaka, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, A. Thaller, O. Tittel, R. Tiwary, D. Tonelli, E. Torassa, N. Toutounji, K. Trabelsi, I. Tsaklidis, M. Uchida, I. Ueda, Y. Uematsu, T. Uglov, K. Unger, Y. Unno, K. Uno, S. Uno, P. Urquijo, Y. Ushiroda, S. E. Vahsen, R. van Tonder, G. S. Varner, K. E. Varvell, M. Veronesi, A. Vinokurova, V. S. Vismaya, L. Vitale, V. Vobbilisetti, R. Volpe, B. Wach, M. Wakai, S. Wallner, E. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, X. L. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, M. Watanabe, S. Watanuki, C. Wessel, E. Won, X. P. Xu, B. D. Yabsley, S. Yamada, W. Yan, S. B. Yang, J. Yelton, J. H. Yin, K. Yoshihara, C. Z. Yuan, L. Zani, F. Zeng, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, V. Zhilich, J. S. Zhou, Q. D. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, V. I. Zhukova, and R. Žlebčík
Subjects: e +-e − Experiments, Quarkonium, Spectroscopy, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We report measurements of the e + e − → B B ¯ $$ B\overline{B} $$ , B B ¯ ∗ $$ B{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ , and B ∗ B ¯ ∗ $$ {B}^{\ast }{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ cross sections at four energies, 10653, 10701, 10746 and 10805 MeV, using data collected by the Belle II experiment. We reconstruct one B meson in a large number of hadronic final states and use its momentum to identify the production process. In the first 2 – 5 MeV above B ∗ B ¯ ∗ $$ {B}^{\ast }{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ threshold, the e + e − → B ∗ B ¯ ∗ $$ {B}^{\ast }{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ cross section increases rapidly. This may indicate the presence of a pole close to the threshold.
Published: 2024
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2. Search for lepton-flavor-violating τ − → μ − μ + μ − decays at Belle II

Author: The Belle II collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal, H. Aihara, N. Akopov, A. Aloisio, N. Althubiti, N. Anh Ky, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, R. Ayad, V. Babu, H. Bae, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, Sw. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, J. Baudot, A. Baur, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, J. Becker, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, F. Bianchi, L. Bierwirth, T. Bilka, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. Bolz, J. Borah, A. Boschetti, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, Q. Campagna, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, J. Cerasoli, M.-C. Chang, P. Chang, R. Cheaib, P. Cheema, C. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, J. Cochran, L. Corona, J. X. Cui, S. Das, F. Dattola, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. De Nardo, M. De Nuccio, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, S. Dey, R. Dhamija, A. Di Canto, F. Di Capua, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, I. Domínguez Jiménez, T. V. Dong, M. Dorigo, D. Dorner, K. Dort, D. Dossett, S. Dreyer, S. Dubey, K. Dugic, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, M. Eliachevitch, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, D. Ferlewicz, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, A. Gabrielli, E. Ganiev, M. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Garg, G. Gaudino, V. Gaur, A. Gaz, A. Gellrich, G. Ghevondyan, D. Ghosh, H. Ghumaryan, G. Giakoustidis, R. Giordano, A. Giri, A. Glazov, B. Gobbo, R. Godang, O. Gogota, P. Goldenzweig, W. Gradl, T. Grammatico, S. Granderath, E. Graziani, D. Greenwald, Z. Gruberová, T. Gu, Y. Guan, K. Gudkova, S. Halder, Y. Han, T. Hara, C. Harris, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, S. Hazra, C. Hearty, M. T. Hedges, A. Heidelbach, I. Heredia de la Cruz, M. Hernández Villanueva, T. Higuchi, M. Hoek, M. Hohmann, P. Horak, C.-L. Hsu, T. Humair, T. Iijima, K. Inami, G. Inguglia, N. Ipsita, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, M. Iwasaki, W. W. Jacobs, D. E. Jaffe, E.-J. Jang, Q. P. Ji, S. Jia, Y. Jin, H. Junkerkalefeld, M. Kaleta, D. Kalita, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K. H. Kang, S. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, F. Keil, C. Kiesling, C.-H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, K.-H. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, H. Kindo, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, T. Koga, S. Kohani, K. Kojima, T. Konno, A. Korobov, S. Korpar, E. Kovalenko, R. Kowalewski, T. M. G. Kraetzschmar, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, T. Kuhr, Y. Kulii, J. Kumar, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, K. Kumara, T. Kunigo, A. Kuzmin, Y.-J. Kwon, S. Lacaprara, K. Lalwani, T. Lam, L. Lanceri, J. S. Lange, M. Laurenza, K. Lautenbach, R. Leboucher, F. R. Le Diberder, M. J. Lee, P. Leo, C. Lemettais, D. Levit, P. M. Lewis, L. K. Li, S. X. Li, Y. Li, Y. B. Li, J. Libby, M. H. Liu, Q. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, D. Liventsev, S. Longo, T. Lueck, C. Lyu, Y. Ma, M. Maggiora, S. P. Maharana, R. Maiti, S. Maity, G. Mancinelli, R. Manfredi, E. Manoni, M. Mantovano, D. Marcantonio, S. Marcello, C. Marinas, C. Martellini, A. Martini, T. Martinov, L. Massaccesi, M. Masuda, K. Matsuoka, D. Matvienko, S. K. Maurya, J. A. McKenna, R. Mehta, F. Meier, M. Merola, F. Metzner, C. Miller, M. Mirra, S. Mitra, K. Miyabayashi, G. B. Mohanty, S. Mondal, S. Moneta, H.-G. Moser, M. Mrvar, R. Mussa, I. Nakamura, K. R. Nakamura, M. Nakao, Y. Nakazawa, A. Narimani Charan, M. Naruki, D. Narwal, Z. Natkaniec, A. Natochii, L. Nayak, M. Nayak, G. Nazaryan, M. Neu, C. Niebuhr, J. Ninkovic, S. Nishida, S. Ogawa, Y. Onishchuk, H. Ono, F. Otani, P. Pakhlov, G. Pakhlova, S. Pardi, K. Parham, H. Park, J. Park, S.-H. Park, B. Paschen, A. Passeri, S. Patra, S. Paul, T. K. Pedlar, R. Peschke, R. Pestotnik, M. Piccolo, L. E. Piilonen, G. Pinna Angioni, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Podobnik, S. Pokharel, C. Praz, S. Prell, E. Prencipe, M. T. Prim, I. Prudiev, H. Purwar, P. Rados, G. Raeuber, S. Raiz, N. Rauls, M. Reif, S. Reiter, L. Reuter, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, S. H. Robertson, M. Roehrken, J. M. Roney, A. Rostomyan, N. Rout, G. Russo, D. A. Sanders, S. Sandilya, L. Santelj, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, B. Scavino, S. Schneider, C. Schwanda, M. Schwickardi, Y. Seino, A. Selce, K. Senyo, J. Serrano, M. E. Sevior, C. Sfienti, W. Shan, C. Sharma, C. P. Shen, X. D. Shi, T. Shillington, T. Shimasaki, J.-G. Shiu, D. Shtol, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, J. B. Singh, J. Skorupa, K. Smith, R. J. Sobie, M. Sobotzik, A. Soffer, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, M. Starič, P. Stavroulakis, S. Stefkova, R. Stroili, Y. Sue, M. Sumihama, K. Sumisawa, W. Sutcliffe, N. Suwonjandee, H. Svidras, M. Takahashi, M. Takizawa, U. Tamponi, S. Tanaka, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, A. Thaller, O. Tittel, R. Tiwary, D. Tonelli, E. Torassa, K. Trabelsi, I. Tsaklidis, I. Ueda, T. Uglov, K. Unger, Y. Unno, K. Uno, S. Uno, P. Urquijo, Y. Ushiroda, S. E. Vahsen, R. van Tonder, K. E. Varvell, M. Veronesi, A. Vinokurova, V. S. Vismaya, L. Vitale, V. Vobbilisetti, R. Volpe, A. Vossen, B. Wach, M. Wakai, S. Wallner, E. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, X. L. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, M. Watanabe, S. Watanuki, C. Wessel, X. P. Xu, B. D. Yabsley, S. Yamada, W. Yan, S. B. Yang, J. Yelton, J. H. Yin, Y. M. Yook, K. Yoshihara, C. Z. Yuan, L. Zani, F. Zeng, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, V. Zhilich, Q. D. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, V. I. Zhukova, and R. Žlebčík
Subjects: e +-e − Experiments, Flavour Physics, Tau Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We present the result of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decay τ − → μ − μ + μ − using a 424 fb −1 sample of data recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB e + e − collider. The selection of e + e − → τ + τ − events is based on an inclusive reconstruction of the non-signal tau decay, and on a boosted decision tree to suppress background. We observe one signal candidate, which is compatible with the expectation from background processes. We set a 90% confidence level upper limit of 1.9 × 10 −8 on the branching fraction of the τ − → μ − μ + μ − decay, which is the most stringent bound to date.
Published: 2024
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3. Test of light-lepton universality in τ decays with the Belle II experiment

Author: The Belle II collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk, L. Aggarwal, H. Aihara, N. Akopov, A. Aloisio, N. Anh Ky, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, R. Ayad, V. Babu, H. Bae, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, Sw. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, J. Baudot, A. Baur, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, J. Becker, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, F. Bianchi, L. Bierwirth, T. Bilka, S. Bilokin, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. Bolz, J. Borah, A. Boschetti, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, J. Cerasoli, M.-C. Chang, P. Chang, R. Cheaib, P. Cheema, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, L. Corona, J. X. Cui, S. Das, F. Dattola, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. de Marino, G. De Nardo, M. De Nuccio, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, S. Dey, R. Dhamija, A. Di Canto, F. Di Capua, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, I. Domínguez Jiménez, T. V. Dong, M. Dorigo, D. Dorner, K. Dort, D. Dossett, S. Dreyer, S. Dubey, K. Dugic, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, M. Eliachevitch, D. Epifanov, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, D. Ferlewicz, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, A. Gabrielli, E. Ganiev, M. Garcia-Hernandez, G. Gaudino, V. Gaur, A. Gaz, A. Gellrich, G. Ghevondyan, D. Ghosh, H. Ghumaryan, G. Giakoustidis, R. Giordano, A. Giri, A. Glazov, B. Gobbo, R. Godang, O. Gogota, P. Goldenzweig, W. Gradl, T. Grammatico, S. Granderath, E. Graziani, D. Greenwald, Z. Gruberová, T. Gu, Y. Guan, K. Gudkova, Y. Han, T. Hara, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, S. Hazra, C. Hearty, M. T. Hedges, A. Heidelbach, I. Heredia de la Cruz, M. Hernández Villanueva, T. Higuchi, M. Hoek, M. Hohmann, P. Horak, C.-L. Hsu, T. Humair, T. Iijima, K. Inami, G. Inguglia, N. Ipsita, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, M. Iwasaki, W. W. Jacobs, D. E. Jaffe, E.-J. Jang, Q. P. Ji, S. Jia, Y. Jin, H. Junkerkalefeld, M. Kaleta, D. Kalita, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, S. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, F. Keil, C. Kiesling, C.-H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, K.-H. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, H. Kindo, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, T. Koga, S. Kohani, K. Kojima, T. Konno, A. Korobov, S. Korpar, E. Kovalenko, R. Kowalewski, T. M. G. Kraetzschmar, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, T. Kuhr, Y. Kulii, J. Kumar, M. Kumar, K. Kumara, T. Kunigo, A. Kuzmin, Y.-J. Kwon, S. Lacaprara, Y.-T. Lai, K. Lalwani, T. Lam, L. Lanceri, J. S. Lange, M. Laurenza, K. Lautenbach, R. Leboucher, F. R. Le Diberder, M. J. Lee, P. Leo, C. Lemettais, D. Levit, P. M. Lewis, C. Li, L. K. Li, S. X. Li, Y. Li, Y. B. Li, J. Libby, Z. Liptak, M. H. Liu, Q. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, D. Liventsev, S. Longo, T. Lueck, C. Lyu, Y. Ma, M. Maggiora, S. P. Maharana, R. Maiti, S. Maity, G. Mancinelli, R. Manfredi, E. Manoni, M. Mantovano, D. Marcantonio, S. Marcello, C. Marinas, C. Martellini, A. Martini, T. Martinov, L. Massaccesi, M. Masuda, K. Matsuoka, D. Matvienko, S. K. Maurya, J. A. McKenna, R. Mehta, F. Meier, M. Merola, F. Metzner, C. Miller, M. Mirra, S. Mitra, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyake, R. Mizuk, G. B. Mohanty, S. Mondal, S. Moneta, H.-G. Moser, M. Mrvar, R. Mussa, I. Nakamura, K. R. Nakamura, M. Nakao, H. Nakazawa, Y. Nakazawa, A. Narimani Charan, M. Naruki, D. Narwal, Z. Natkaniec, A. Natochii, L. Nayak, M. Nayak, G. Nazaryan, M. Neu, C. Niebuhr, J. Ninkovic, S. Nishida, A. Novosel, S. Ogawa, Y. Onishchuk, H. Ono, F. Otani, P. Pakhlov, G. Pakhlova, A. Panta, S. Pardi, K. Parham, H. Park, S.-H. Park, B. Paschen, A. Passeri, S. Patra, T. K. Pedlar, R. Peschke, R. Pestotnik, M. Piccolo, L. E. Piilonen, G. Pinna Angioni, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Podobnik, S. Pokharel, C. Praz, S. Prell, E. Prencipe, M. T. Prim, I. Prudiiev, H. Purwar, P. Rados, G. Raeuber, S. Raiz, N. Rauls, M. Reif, S. Reiter, M. Remnev, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, S. H. Robertson, M. Roehrken, J. M. Roney, A. Rostomyan, N. Rout, G. Russo, D. A. Sanders, S. Sandilya, L. Santelj, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, B. Scavino, C. Schmitt, C. Schwanda, M. Schwickardi, Y. Seino, A. Selce, K. Senyo, J. Serrano, M. E. Sevior, C. Sfienti, W. Shan, X. D. Shi, T. Shillington, J.-G. Shiu, D. Shtol, B. Shwartz, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, J. B. Singh, J. Skorupa, R. J. Sobie, M. Sobotzik, A. Soffer, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, M. Starič, P. Stavroulakis, S. Stefkova, R. Stroili, Y. Sue, M. Sumihama, K. Sumisawa, W. Sutcliffe, N. Suwonjandee, H. Svidras, M. Takahashi, M. Takizawa, U. Tamponi, S. Tanaka, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, A. Thaller, O. Tittel, R. Tiwary, D. Tonelli, E. Torassa, K. Trabelsi, I. Tsaklidis, M. Uchida, I. Ueda, T. Uglov, K. Unger, Y. Unno, K. Uno, S. Uno, P. Urquijo, Y. Ushiroda, S. E. Vahsen, R. van Tonder, K. E. Varvell, M. Veronesi, A. Vinokurova, V. S. Vismaya, L. Vitale, V. Vobbilisetti, R. Volpe, B. Wach, M. Wakai, S. Wallner, E. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, X. L. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, M. Watanabe, S. Watanuki, C. Wessel, E. Won, X. P. Xu, B. D. Yabsley, S. Yamada, W. Yan, S. B. Yang, J. Yelton, J. H. Yin, K. Yoshihara, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Yusa, L. Zani, F. Zeng, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, V. Zhilich, Q. D. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, V. I. Zhukova, and R. Žlebčík
Subjects: e +-e − Experiments, Tau Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We present a measurement of the ratio R μ = B τ − → μ − ν ¯ μ ν τ / B τ − → e − ν ¯ e ν τ $$ {R}_{\mu }=\mathcal{B}\left({\tau}^{-}\to {\mu}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mu }{\nu}_{\tau}\right)/\mathcal{B}\left({\tau}^{-}\to {e}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_e{\nu}_{\tau}\right) $$ of branching fractions B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ of the τ lepton decaying to muons or electrons using data collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB e + e − collider. The sample has an integrated luminosity of 362 ± 2 fb −1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. Using an optimised event selection, a binned maximum likelihood fit is performed using the momentum spectra of the electron and muon candidates. The result, R μ = 0.9675 ± 0.0007 ± 0.0036, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is the most precise to date. It provides a stringent test of the light-lepton universality, translating to a ratio of the couplings of the muon and electron to the W boson in τ decays of 0.9974 ± 0.0019, in agreement with the standard model expectation of unity.
Published: 2024
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4. Measurement of the branching fractions of B ¯ $$ \overline{B} $$ → D () K − K S ∗ 0 $$ {K}_{(S)}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ and B ¯ $$ \overline{B} $$ → D () D s − $$ {D}_s^{-} $$ decays at Belle II

Author: The Belle II collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal, H. Aihara, N. Akopov, A. Aloisio, N. Althubiti, N. Anh Ky, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, R. Ayad, V. Babu, H. Bae, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, Sw. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, J. Baudot, A. Baur, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, J. Becker, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, B. Bhuyan, F. Bianchi, L. Bierwirth, T. Bilka, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. Bolz, A. Boschetti, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, R. A. Briere, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, Q. Campagna, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, J. Cerasoli, M.-C. Chang, P. Chang, P. Cheema, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, L. Corona, J. X. Cui, F. Dattola, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. de Marino, G. De Nardo, M. De Nuccio, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, S. Dey, R. Dhamija, A. Di Canto, F. Di Capua, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, I. Domínguez Jiménez, T. V. Dong, M. Dorigo, D. Dorner, K. Dort, D. Dossett, S. Dreyer, S. Dubey, K. Dugic, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, M. Eliachevitch, D. Epifanov, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, M. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Garg, G. Gaudino, V. Gaur, A. Gaz, A. Gellrich, G. Ghevondyan, D. Ghosh, H. Ghumaryan, G. Giakoustidis, R. Giordano, A. Giri, A. Glazov, B. Gobbo, R. Godang, O. Gogota, P. Goldenzweig, W. Gradl, E. Graziani, D. Greenwald, Z. Gruberová, T. Gu, K. Gudkova, I. Haide, S. Halder, Y. Han, T. Hara, C. Harris, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, S. Hazra, C. Hearty, M. T. Hedges, A. Heidelbach, I. Heredia de la Cruz, M. Hernández Villanueva, T. Higuchi, M. Hoek, M. Hohmann, P. Horak, C.-L. Hsu, T. Humair, T. Iijima, K. Inami, N. Ipsita, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, M. Iwasaki, W. W. Jacobs, D. E. Jaffe, E.-J. Jang, S. Jia, Y. Jin, A. Johnson, K. K. Joo, H. Junkerkalefeld, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K. H. Kang, S. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, F. Keil, C. Kiesling, C.-H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, K.-H. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, H. Kindo, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, T. Koga, S. Kohani, K. Kojima, T. Konno, A. Korobov, S. Korpar, E. Kovalenko, R. Kowalewski, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, T. Kuhr, Y. Kulii, J. Kumar, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, K. Kumara, T. Kunigo, A. Kuzmin, Y.-J. Kwon, S. Lacaprara, K. Lalwani, T. Lam, J. S. Lange, M. Laurenza, K. Lautenbach, R. Leboucher, F. R. Le Diberder, M. J. Lee, C. Lemettais, P. Leo, D. Levit, P. M. Lewis, L. K. Li, S. X. Li, Y. Li, Y. B. Li, J. Libby, Z. Liptak, M. H. Liu, Q. Y. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, D. Liventsev, S. Longo, T. Lueck, C. Lyu, Y. Ma, M. Maggiora, S. P. Maharana, R. Maiti, S. Maity, G. Mancinelli, R. Manfredi, E. Manoni, M. Mantovano, D. Marcantonio, S. Marcello, C. Marinas, C. Martellini, A. Martens, A. Martini, T. Martinov, L. Massaccesi, M. Masuda, K. Matsuoka, D. Matvienko, S. K. Maurya, J. A. McKenna, F. Meier, M. Merola, C. Miller, M. Mirra, S. Mitra, K. Miyabayashi, R. Mizuk, G. B. Mohanty, S. Mondal, S. Moneta, H.-G. Moser, M. Mrvar, R. Mussa, I. Nakamura, M. Nakao, Y. Nakazawa, M. Naruki, D. Narwal, Z. Natkaniec, A. Natochii, L. Nayak, M. Nayak, G. Nazaryan, M. Neu, M. Niiyama, S. Nishida, S. Ogawa, Y. Onishchuk, H. Ono, G. Pakhlova, S. Pardi, K. Parham, H. Park, J. Park, S.-H. Park, B. Paschen, A. Passeri, S. Patra, S. Paul, T. K. Pedlar, R. Peschke, R. Pestotnik, M. Piccolo, L. E. Piilonen, G. Pinna Angioni, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Podobnik, S. Pokharel, C. Praz, S. Prell, E. Prencipe, M. T. Prim, H. Purwar, P. Rados, G. Raeuber, S. Raiz, N. Rauls, M. Reif, S. Reiter, M. Remnev, L. Reuter, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, M. Roehrken, J. M. Roney, A. Rostomyan, N. Rout, S. Sandilya, L. Santelj, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, B. Scavino, C. Schmitt, S. Schneider, M. Schnepf, C. Schwanda, Y. Seino, A. Selce, K. Senyo, J. Serrano, M. E. Sevior, C. Sfienti, W. Shan, C. Sharma, C. P. Shen, X. D. Shi, T. Shillington, T. Shimasaki, J.-G. Shiu, D. Shtol, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, J. B. Singh, J. Skorupa, R. J. Sobie, M. Sobotzik, A. Soffer, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, M. Starič, P. Stavroulakis, S. Stefkova, R. Stroili, M. Sumihama, H. Svidras, M. Takizawa, U. Tamponi, S. Tanaka, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, A. Thaller, O. Tittel, R. Tiwary, D. Tonelli, E. Torassa, K. Trabelsi, I. Ueda, T. Uglov, K. Unger, Y. Unno, K. Uno, S. Uno, Y. Ushiroda, S. E. Vahsen, R. van Tonder, K. E. Varvell, M. Veronesi, A. Vinokurova, V. S. Vismaya, L. Vitale, V. Vobbilisetti, R. Volpe, A. Vossen, B. Wach, M. Wakai, S. Wallner, E. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, M. Watanabe, S. Watanuki, C. Wessel, J. Wiechczynski, E. Won, X. P. Xu, B. D. Yabsley, S. Yamada, S. B. Yang, J. Yelton, J. H. Yin, Y. M. Yook, K. Yoshihara, C. Z. Yuan, L. Zani, F. Zeng, B. Zhang, V. Zhilich, J. S. Zhou, Q. D. Zhou, V. I. Zhukova, and R. Žlebčík
Subjects: B Physics, Branching fraction, e +-e − Experiments, Particle and Resonance Production, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We present measurements of the branching fractions of eight B ¯ 0 $$ {\overline{B}}^0 $$ → D (*)+ K − K S ∗ 0 $$ {K}_{(S)}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ , B − → D (*)0 K − K S ∗ 0 $$ {K}_{(S)}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ decay channels. The results are based on data from SuperKEKB electron-positron collisions at the Υ(4S) resonance collected with the Belle II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 362 fb −1. The event yields are extracted from fits to the distributions of the difference between expected and observed B meson energy, and are efficiency-corrected as a function of m(K − K S ∗ 0 $$ {K}_{(S)}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ ) and m(D (*) K S ∗ 0 $$ {K}_{(S)}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ ) in order to avoid dependence on the decay model. These results include the first observation of B ¯ 0 $$ {\overline{B}}^0 $$ → D + K − K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ , B − → D* 0 K − K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ , and B ¯ 0 $$ {\overline{B}}^0 $$ → D* + K − K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ decays and a significant improvement in the precision of the other channels compared to previous measurements. The helicity-angle distributions and the invariant mass distributions of the K − K S ∗ 0 $$ {K}_{(S)}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$ systems are compatible with quasi-two-body decays via a resonant transition with spin-parity J P = 1− for the K − K S 0 $$ {K}_S^0 $$ systems and J P = 1+ for the K − K* 0 systems. We also present measurements of the branching fractions of four B ¯ 0 $$ {\overline{B}}^0 $$ → D (*)+ D s − $$ {D}_s^{-} $$ , B − → D (*)0 D s − $$ {D}_s^{-} $$ decay channels with a precision compatible to the current world averages.
Published: 2024
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5. Multiwavelength study of the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 between 2016 and 2020

Author: V A Acciari, S Ansoldi, L A Antonelli, A Arbet Engels, M Artero, K Asano, D Baack, A Babić, A Baquero, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, I Batković, J Becerra González, W Bednarek, L Bellizzi, E Bernardini, M Bernardos, A Berti, J Besenrieder, W Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, O Blanch, G Bonnoli, Ž Bošnjak, G Busetto, R Carosi, G Ceribella, M Cerruti, Y Chai, A Chilingarian, S Cikota, S M Colak, E Colombo, J L Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, G D’Amico, V D’Elia, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, M Delfino, J Delgado, C Delgado Mendez, D Depaoli, F Di Pierro, L Di Venere, E Do Souto Espiñeira, D Dominis Prester, A Donini, D Dorner, M Doro, D Elsaesser, V Fallah Ramazani, A Fattorini, G Ferrara, M V Fonseca, L Font, C Fruck, S Fukami, R J García López, M Garczarczyk, S Gasparyan, M Gaug, N Giglietto, F Giordano, P Gliwny, N Godinović, J G Green, D Green, D Hadasch, A Hahn, L Heckmann, J Herrera, J Hoang, D Hrupec, M Hütten, T Inada, S Inoue, K Ishio, Y Iwamura, I Jiménez, J Jormanainen, L Jouvin, Y Kajiwara, M Karjalainen, D Kerszberg, Y Kobayashi, H Kubo, J Kushida, A Lamastra, D Lelas, F Leone, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, M López-Moya, A López-Oramas, S Loporchio, B Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C Maggio, P Majumdar, M Makariev, M Mallamaci, G Maneva, M Manganaro, K Mannheim, L Maraschi, M Mariotti, M Martínez, D Mazin, S Menchiari, S Mender, S Mićanović, D Miceli, T Miener, M Minev, J M Miranda, R Mirzoyan, E Molina, A Moralejo, D Morcuende, V Moreno, E Moretti, V Neustroev, C Nigro, K Nilsson, K Nishijima, K Noda, S Nozaki, Y Ohtani, T Oka, J Otero-Santos, S Paiano, M Palatiello, D Paneque, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, L Pavletić, P Peñil, C Perennes, M Persic, P G Prada Moroni, E Prandini, C Priyadarshi, I Puljak, W Rhode, M Ribó, J Rico, C Righi, A Rugliancich, L Saha, N Sahakyan, T Saito, S Sakurai, K Satalecka, F G Saturni, B Schleicher, K Schmidt, T Schweizer, J Sitarek, I Šnidarić, D Sobczynska, A Spolon, A Stamerra, D Strom, M Strzys, Y Suda, T Surić, M Takahashi, F Tavecchio, P Temnikov, T Terzić, M Teshima, L Tosti, S Truzzi, A Tutone, S Ubach, J van Scherpenberg, G Vanzo, M Vazquez Acosta, S Ventura, V Verguilov, C F Vigorito, V Vitale, I Vovk, M Will, C Wunderlich, D Zarić, F de Palma, F D’Ammando, A Barnacka, D K Sahu, M Hodges, T Hovatta, S Kiehlmann, W Max-Moerbeck, A C S Readhead, R Reeves, T J Pearson, A Lähteenmäki, I Björklund, M Tornikoski, J Tammi, S Suutarinen, K Hada, and K Niinuma
Published: 2021
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6. Observations of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar with the Large-sized Telescope Prototype of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: H. Abe, K. Abe, S. Abe, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, N. Alvarez Crespo, L. A. Antonelli, C. Aramo, A. Arbet-Engels, C. Arcaro, M. Artero, K. Asano, P. Aubert, A. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batkovic, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, E. Bernardini, M. I. Bernardos, J. Bernete Medrano, A. Berti, P. Bhattacharjee, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, E. Bissaldi, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, A. Borghese, A. Bulgarelli, I. Burelli, M. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, S. Caroff, A. Carosi, F. Cassol, D. Cauz, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, K. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, L. Chytka, A. Cifuentes, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, H. Costantini, G. D’Amico, M. Dalchenko, A. De Angelis, M. de Bony de Lavergne, B. De Lotto, R. de Menezes, G. Deleglise, C. Delgado, J. Delgado Mengual, D. della Volpe, M. Dellaiera, D. Depaoli, A. Di Piano, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, R. M. Dominik, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, J. Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazani, G. Ferrara, F. Ferrarotto, A. Fiasson, L. Freixas Coromina, S. Fröse, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, E. Garcia, R. Garcia López, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, F. Geyer, J. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, E. Giro, P. Gliwny, N. Godinovic, R. Grau, D. Green, J. Green, S. Gunji, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, K. Hashiyama, T. Hassan, K. Hayashi, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, J. Herrera Llorente, K. Hirotani, D. Hoffmann, D. Horns, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, D. Hui, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, Y. Inome, K. Ioka, M. Iori, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, M. Jacquemont, I. Jimenez Martinez, J. Jurysek, M. Kagaya, V. Karas, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, A. Kong, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, M. Lainez, G. Lamanna, A. Lamastra, T. Le Flour, M. Linhoff, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, P. L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, D. Mandat, M. Manganaro, G. Manicò, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. Martí, O. Martinez, G. Martínez, M. Martínez, P. Marusevec, A. Mas-Aguilar, G. Maurin, D. Mazin, E. Mestre Guillen, S. Micanovic, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, T. Mizuno, M. Molero Gonzalez, E. Molina, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, A. Morselli, K. Mrakovcic, K. Murase, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamori, L. Nickel, M. Nievas, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, D. Nosek, S. Nozaki, M. Ohishi, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, R. Orito, J. Otero-Santos, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, F. R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pech, M. Pecimotika, M. Peresano, A. Pérez, E. Pietropaolo, G. Pirola, C. Plard, F. Podobnik, V. Poireau, M. Polo, E. Pons, E. Prandini, J. Prast, G. Principe, C. Priyadarshi, M. Prouza, R. Rando, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, V. Rizi, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. E. Ruiz, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, D. A. Sanchez, T. Šarić, Y. Sato, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, F. Schmuckermaier, J. L. Schubert, F. Schussler, T. Schweizer, M. Seglar Arroyo, R. Silvia, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, A. Spolon, J. Strišković, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, Y. Sunada, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, P. H. T. Tam, S. J. Tanaka, D. Tateishi, L. A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, Y. Terada, K. Terauchi, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, F. Tokanai, D. F. Torres, P. Travnicek, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, G. Uhlrich, M. Vacula, P. Vallania, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Vázquez Acosta, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, A. Vigliano, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, G. Voutsinas, I. Vovk, T. Vuillaume, R. Walter, M. Will, T. Yamamoto, R. Yamazaki, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, N. Zywucka, K. Bernlöhr, O. Gueta, K. Kosack, G. Maier, and J. Watson
Subjects: Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray sources, Astronomy data analysis, Pulsar wind nebulae, Pulsars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is located at the CTA-North site, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to ≃20 GeV. LST-1 started performing astronomical observations in 2019 November, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data ever since. We present the first LST-1 observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the performance of the telescope. LST-1 has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period—only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope’s behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is around 20 GeV, rising to ≃30 GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.°12–0.°40, and energy resolution from 15%–50%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50 hr observation (12% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03–30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula.
Published: 2023
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7. Multimessenger Characterization of Markarian 501 during Historically Low X-Ray and γ-Ray Activity

Author: H. Abe, S. Abe, V. A. Acciari, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet-Engels, C. Arcaro, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, I. Burelli, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, A. J. Castro-Tirado, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, G. Emery, J. Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Foffano, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, R. Grau, D. Green, J. G. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, R. Iotov, K. Ishio, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, E. Lyard, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, N. Mang, M. Manganaro, S. Mangano, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas-Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, H. A. Mondal, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, T. Nakamori, C. Nanci, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, T. Njoh Ekoume, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, A. Okumura, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, M. Persic, M. Pihet, G. Pirola, F. Podobnik, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, G. Principe, C. Priyadarshi, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, F. Schmuckermaier, J. L. Schubert, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, R. Walter, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, The MAGIC Collaboration, M. Cerruti, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, G. Apolonio, R. Bachev, M. Baloković, E. Benítez, I. Björklund, V. Bozhilov, L. F. Brown, A. Bugg, W. Carbonell, M. I. Carnerero, D. Carosati, C. Casadio, W. Chamani, W. P. Chen, R. A. Chigladze, G. Damljanovic, K. Epps, A. Erkenov, M. Feige, J. Finke, A. Fuentes, K. Gazeas, M. Giroletti, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Gupta, M. A. Gurwell,, E. Heidemann, D. Hiriart, W. J. Hou, T. Hovatta, S. Ibryamov, M. D. Joner, S. G. Jorstad, J. Kania, S. Kiehlmann, G. N. Kimeridze, E. N. Kopatskaya, M. Kopp, M. Korte, B. Kotas, S. Koyama, J. A. Kramer, L. Kunkel, S. O. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtanidze, A. Lähteenmäki, J. M. López, V. M. Larionov, E. G. Larionova, L. V. Larionova, C. Leto, C. Lorey, R. Mújica, G. M. Madejski, N. Marchili, A. P. Marscher, M. Minev, A. Modaressi, D. A. Morozova, T. Mufakharov, I. Myserlis, A. A. Nikiforova, M. G. Nikolashvili, E. Ovcharov, M. Perri, C. M. Raiteri, A. C. S. Readhead, A. Reimer, D. Reinhart, S. Righini, K. Rosenlehner, A. C. Sadun, S. S. Savchenko, A. Scherbantin, L. Schneider, K. Schoch, D. Seifert, E. Semkov, L. A. Sigua, C. Singh, P. Sola, Y. Sotnikova, M. Spencer, R. Steineke, M. Stojanovic, A. Strigachev, M. Tornikoski, E. Traianou, A. Tramacere, Yu. V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitskiy, J. B. Trump, A. Tsai, A. Valcheva, A. A. Vasilyev, F. Verrecchia, M. Villata, O. Vince, K. Vrontaki, Z. R. Weaver, E. Zaharieva, and N. Zottmann
Subjects: Active galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Markarian galaxies, Active galactic nuclei, Blazars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multiwavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT), NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wave bands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays. A significant correlation (>3 σ ) between X-rays and VHE γ -rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between the Swift X-Ray Telescope and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy γ -rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the γ -ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE γ -rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux (>0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2 yr long low state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED toward the low state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock.
Published: 2023
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8. Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies of Mrk 421 During Historically Low X-ray and Y-ray Activity in 2015–2016

Author: Janeth Valverde Quispe, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, K. Asano, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, A. Baquero, U.BarresdeAlmeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Z. Bosnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, T. Di Girolamo, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espineira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, M. Doro, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinovic, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hutten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, Y. Kajiwara, M. Karjalainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, R. Lopez-Coto, A. Lopez-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, D. Mazin, S. Mender, S. Micanovic, D. Miceli, T. Miener, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletic, P. P enil, C. Perennes, M. Persic, P. G . Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Arbet-Engels, D. Baack, M. Balbo, M. Beck, N. Biederbeck, A. Biland, T. Bretz, K. Bruegge, J. Buss, D. Dorner, D. Elsaesser, D. Hildebrand, R. Iotov, M. Klinger, K. Mannheim, D. Neise, A. Neronov, M. Noethe, A. Paravac, V. Sliusar, F. Theissen, R. Walter, J. Valverde, D. Horan, M. Giroletti, M. Perri, F. Verrecchia, C. Leto, A. C. Sadun, J. W. Moody, M. Joner, A. P. Marscher, S. G. Jorstad, A. Lahteenmaki, M. Tornikoski, V. Ramakrishnan, E. Jarvela, R. J. C. Vera, S. Righini, and A.Y.Lien
Subjects: Astronomy
Abstract: We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421(Mrk 421) using data from Mets ̈ahovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1TeV<1.7×10−12ph cm−2s−1) and in the 2–10 keV (X-ray) band (F2−10 keV<3.6×10−11erg cm−2s−1),during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E>0.1 TeV)γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our dataset with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9−6d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.
Published: 2020
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9. Correcting Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope data with atmospheric profiles obtained with an elastic light detecting and ranging system

Author: F. Schmuckermaier, M. Gaug, C. Fruck, A. Moralejo, A. Hahn, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, L. Font, S. Mićanović, R. Mirzoyan, D. Paneque, L. Pavletić, J. Sitarek, and M. Will
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: Context. We are operating an elastic LIDAR for the monitoring of atmospheric conditions during regular observations of the MAGIC Telescopes. Aims. We present and evaluate methods to convert aerosol extinction profiles, obtained with the LIDAR, into corrections of the reconstructed gamma-ray event energy and Instrument Response Functions of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Methods. We assess the performance of these correction schemes with almost seven years of Crab Nebula data taken by the MAGIC Telescopes under various zenith angles and different aerosol extinction scenarios of Cherenkov light. Results. The methods enable the reconstruction of data taken under non-optimal atmospheric conditions with aerosol transmissions down to around 0.65 with systematic uncertainties comparable to those for data taken under optimal conditions. For the first time, the correction of data affected by clouds has been included in the assessment. The data can also be corrected when the transmission is lower than 0.65, but the results are less accurate and suffer from larger systematics., Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2023
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10. Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Author: P. Veres, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, D. Kocevski, M. Arimoto, D. Tak, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, G. Barbiellini, E. Bissaldi, F.Fana Dirirsa, R. Gill, J. Granot, J. McEnery, N. Omodei, S. Razzaque, F. Piron, J. L. Racusin, D. J. Thompson, S. Campana, M. G. Bernardini, N. P. M. Kuin, M. H. Siegel, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, M. Capalbi, A. Daì, M. De Pasquale, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, J. P. Osborne, M. Perri, R. L. C. Starling, G. Tagliaferri, A. Tohuvavohu, A. Ursi, M.Tavani, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, C. Pittori, F. Lucarelli, A. Bulgarelli, N. Parmiggiani, G. E. Anderson, J. P. Anderson, G. Bernardi, J. Bolmer, M. D. Caballero-García, I. M. Carrasco, A. Castellón, N. Castro Segura, A. J. Castro-Tirado, S. V. Cherukuri, A. M. Cockeram, P. D’Avanzo, A. Di Dato, R. Diretse, R. P. Fender, E. Fernández-García, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. S.Fruchter, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, K. E. Heintz, I. Heywood, A. J. van der Horst, Y.-D. Hu, C. Inserra, L. Izzo, V. Jaiswal, P. Jakobsson, J. Japelj, E. Kankare, D. A.Kann, C. Kouveliotou, S. Klose, A. J. Levan, X. Y. Li, S. Lotti, K. Maguire, D. B. Malesani, I. Manulis, M. Marongiu, S. Martin, A. Melandri, M. J.Michałowski, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, K. Misra, A. Moin, K. P. Mooley, S. Nasri, M. Nicholl, A. Noschese, G. Novara, S. B. Pandey, E. Peretti, C. J. Pérez del Pulgar, M. A. Pérez-Torres, D. A. Perley, L. Piro, F. Ragosta, L. Resmi, R. Ricci, A. Rossi, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Selsing, S. Schulze, S. J. Smartt, I. A. Smith, V. V. Sokolov, J. Stevens, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. Tiengo, E. Tremou, E. Troja, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. F. Valeev, S. D. Vergani, M. Wieringa, P. A. Woudt, D. Xu, O. Yaron, D. R. Young, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S.Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, D. Green, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Nozaki, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, L. Tosti, V. Vagelli, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, and L. Nava
Subjects: Space Sciences (General)
Abstract: Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C. Here we report multifrequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10^(−6) to 10^(12) electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.
Published: 2019
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11. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author: M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, R. Ch. Berse, A. Berti, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, G. Ceribella, A. Chatterjee, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, A. Domınguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fernandez-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinovic, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, K. Ishio, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuvezdic, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, K. Mielke, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nagayoshi, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogues, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, G. Pedaletti, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, J. R. Garcia, I. Reichardt, W. Rhodes, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, M. Strzys, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, A. Treves, S. Tsujimoto, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistran, A. Carraminana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutino de Leon, C. De Leon, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, S. Dichiara, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Dıaz-Velez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, O. Enriquez-Rivera, D. W. Fiorino, H. Fleischhack, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez-Munoz, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C. M. Hui, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, R. J. Lauer, W. H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. Luna-Garcıa, R. Lopez-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martınez-Castro, H. Martınez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Perez-Perez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Riviere, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, T. N. Ukwatta, G. Vianello, L. Villasenor, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, G. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, J. D. Alvarez, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, F. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, C. Favuzzi, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Johannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, I. Liodakis, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, David J Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, K. Wood, and M. Yassine
Subjects: Astronomy, Astrophysics
Abstract: The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.
Published: 2019
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12. High temperature indentation creep tests on anhydrite – a promising first look

Author: D. Dorner, K. Röller, and B. Stöckhert
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5, Stratigraphy, QE640-699
Abstract: Indentation creep tests are established in materials engineering, providing information on rheology, deformation mechanisms, and related microstructures of materials. Here we explore the potential of this method on natural, polycrystalline anhydrite. The tests are run at atmospheric pressure, temperatures between 700 and 920 °C, and reference stresses between 7 and 30 MPa. An activation energy Q of 338 kJ mol−1 and a stress exponent n of 3.9 are derived. Deformation is localized into shear zones bounding a less deformed approximately conical plug underneath the indenter. Shear zone microstructures reveal inhomogeneous crystal–plastic deformation, subgrains, and extensive strain-induced grain boundary migration, while mechanical twinning appears not to be activated. Microstructure and mechanical data are consistent with deformation by dislocation creep.
Published: 2014
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13. FACT — LONGTERM MONITORING OF BRIGHT TeV BLAZARS

Author: Katja Meier, A. Biland, T. Bretz, J. Buss, D. Dorner, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher, D. Hildebrand, M. L. Knoetig, T. Krähenbühl, W. Lustermann, K. Mannheim, D. Neise, A.-K. Overkemping, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, T. Steinbring, F. Temme, J. Thaele, P. Vogler, R. Walter, Q. Weitzel, and M. Zänglein
Subjects: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT), located on the Canary Island of La Palma, has been taking data since October 2011. FACT has been optimized for longterm monitoring of bright TeV blazars, to study their variability time scales and flare probability. G-APD photo-sensors allow for observations even under strong moonlight conditions, and the telescope can be operated remotely. The monitoring strategy of FACT is discussed and preliminary results of the flare of Mrk501 in June 2012 are shown.
Published: 2014
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14. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author: Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract: Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)
Published: 2022

15. Semileptonic and Rare Decays at Belle II

Author: D. Dorner
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 2023

16. Author Correction: Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays

Author: V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, H. Bökenkamp, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña Alonso, A. Fattorini, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nakamori, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, P. Peñil, M. Persic, M. Pihet, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, F. Ambrosino, M. Cecconi, G. Catanzaro, C. Ferrara, A. Frasca, M. Munari, L. Giustolisi, J. Alonso-Santiago, M. Giarrusso, U. Munari, and P. Valisa
Subjects: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2022

17. VHE gamma-ray detection of FSRQ QSO B1420+326 and modeling of its enhanced broadband state in 2020

Author: Yu. V. Troitskaya, D. Zarić, M. I. Martínez, Svetlana G. Jorstad, J. Becerra González, Stefano Ansoldi, P. Peñil, D. Miceli, T. S. Grishina, Pullur Anil Kumar, Markus Gaug, Stefano Truzzi, A. De Angelis, D. Dorner, Alice Donini, G. Vanzo, L. A. Antonelli, Y. Suda, C. C. Cheung, J. van Scherpenberg, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Abelardo Moralejo, S. Lombardi, Francesco Longo, A. Babić, Elina Lindfors, Antonio Stamerra, D. Hadasch, Valeri M. Larionov, Petar Temnikov, Luigi Pacciani, Andrea Marchini, M. Orienti, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, A. Porras, Kyoshi Nishijima, L. Bellizzi, Alan P. Marscher, R. J. C. Vera, Tjark Miener, M.K. Hallum, G. Maneva, M. Mariotti, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Yosuke Kobayashi, W. Bhattacharyya, Marco Berton, V. Fallah Ramazani, John Hoang, Stefano Ciprini, K. Mannheim, S. Mićanović, Alexander Kurtenkov, Alessia Spolon, P. Prajapati, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, S. M. Colak, Anne Lähteenmäki, A. Hahn, David H. Green, Matteo Cerruti, E. Molina, T. Surić, M. Minev, Simone Mender, D. Elsaesser, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, M. Makariev, C. Perennes, K. Nilsson, G. Ceribella, Christian Fruck, W. Rhode, R. Carosi, V. A. Acciari, R. J. García López, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, Walter Max-Moerbeck, M. Hart, D. Paneque, Daria A. Morozova, D. Dominis Prester, Razmik Mirzoyan, Ciro Bigongiari, F. Giordano, Z. R. Weaver, J. Besenrieder, Damir Lelas, Oscar Blanch, F. Leone, J. Rico, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, F. Di Pierro, Jenni Jormanainen, T. Schweizer, R. López-Coto, M. Vazquez Acosta, Pratik Majumdar, Giacomo D'Amico, A. Arbet Engels, Lea Heckmann, M. Karjalainen, Y. Kajiwara, L. Di Venere, Vitaly Neustroev, A. A. Vasilyev, S. Nozaki, D. Ninci, Elena G. Larionova, G. A. Borman, M. V. Fonseca, Rodrigo Reeves, W. Bednarek, Katsuaki Asano, R. Angioni, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. Herrera, Andrés Baquero, S. Paiano, Luca Tosti, Juan Abel Barrio, Chiara Righi, T. J. Pearson, M. Hodges, L. Jouvin, Joni Tammi, Dominik Baack, Shashikiran Ganesh, S. Fukami, Sebastian Kiehlmann, K. Ishio, G. Ferrara, Ashot Chilingarian, Antonio Tutone, J. Kushida, Narek Sahakyan, G. Bonnoli, Jose Luis Contreras, Y. Chai, M. Palatiello, Valerio D'Elia, Jarred Gershon Green, V. Verguilov, I. Puljak, A. López-Oramas, U. Barres de Almeida, Filippo D'Ammando, D. Strom, J. Otero-Santos, E. Colombo, Nikola Godinovic, Juan Cortina, Jose Miguel Miranda, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, I. Šnidarić, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. Fattorini, Sergey S. Savchenko, Francesco Dazzi, Shunsuke Sakurai, Y. Iwamura, A. Berti, M. Teshima, M. Mallamaci, S. Ventura, M. Takahashi, Massimo Persic, J. M. Paredes, Markus Garczarczyk, M. Delfino, Vincenzo Vitale, G. Busetto, Tomohiko Oka, S. Gasparyan, Lab Saha, A. Lamastra, G. Escobedo, E. Recillas, F.G. Saturni, Hidetoshi Kubo, Jordi Delgado, Tomohiro Inada, S. Loporchio, Carlo Vigorito, S. Cikota, Susumu Inoue, Kevin Schmidt, Talvikki Hovatta, Ž. Bošnjak, Manuel Artero, M. López-Moya, Anthony C. S. Readhead, A. A. Nikiforova, Lovro Pavletić, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Nicola Giglietto, L. Font, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, C. Nigro, Luca Foffano, Julian Sitarek, E. N. Kopatskaya, Yoshiki Ohtani, N. Torres-Albà, C. Delgado Mendez, M. Strzys, Bernd Schleicher, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Merja Tornikoski, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, Stefano Covino, Ivan S. Troitsky, A. Biland, L. Carrasco, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, Moritz Hütten, University of La Laguna, University of Udine, National Institute for Astrophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute for High Energy Physics, The University of Tokyo, Dortmund University, University of Zagreb, Complutense University, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, University of Łódź, University of Siena, German Electron Synchrotron, University of Padova, University of Turin, Max Planck Institute for Physics, University of Pisa, University of Barcelona, A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics, CIEMAT, Polytechnic University of Bari, University of Rijeka, University of Würzburg, University of Turku, Autonomous University of Barcelona, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, University of Split, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kyoto University, Tokai University, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of Oulu, Ruder Boskovic Institute, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, ASI Science Data Center, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, Naval Research Laboratory, Physical Research Laboratory India, Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Boston University, St. Petersburg State University, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babi??, A., Baquero, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bo??njak, ??., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D???amico, G., D???elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espi??eira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garc??a L??pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovi??, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., H??tten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., L??pez-Coto, R., L??pez-Moya, M., L??pez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Mart??nez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mi??anovi??, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavleti??, L., Pe??il, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Rib??, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., nidari??, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suri??, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi??, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb??, N., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zari??, D., Angioni, R., D???ammando, F., Ciprini, S., Cheung, C. C., Orienti, M., Pacciani, L., Prajapati, P., Kumar, P., Ganesh, S., Kurtenkov, A., Marchini, A., Carrasco, L., Escobedo, G., Porras, A., Recillas, E., L??hteenm??ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Berton, M., Tammi, J., Vera, R. J. C., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Weaver, Z. R., Hart, M., Hallum, M. K., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Nikiforova, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., and Pearson, T. J.
Subjects: Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, individual: QSO B1420+326 [quasars], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, jets [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326, galaxie [gamma rays], Blazar, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optical polarization, Quasar, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [gamma rays], jet [galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [gamma rays], Spectral energy distribution, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Equivalent width, Flare
Abstract: Astronomy and astrophysics 647, A163 (2021). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039687, Context. QSO B1420+326 is a blazar classified as a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). At the beginning of the year 2020, it was found to be in an enhanced flux state and an extensive multiwavelength campaign allowed us to trace the evolution of the flare.Aims. We search for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from QSO B1420+326 during this flaring state. We aim to characterize and model the broadband emission of the source over different phases of the flare.Methods. The source was observed with a number of instruments in radio, near-infrared, optical (including polarimetry and spectroscopy), ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. We use dedicated optical spectroscopy results to estimate the accretion disk and the dust torus luminosity. We performed spectral energy distribution modeling in the framework of combined synchrotron-self-Compton and external Compton scenario in which the electron energy distribution is partially determined from acceleration and cooling processes.Results. During the enhanced state, the flux of both SED components of QSO B1420+326 drastically increased and the peaks were shifted to higher energies. Follow-up observations with the MAGIC telescopes led to the detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from this source, making it one of only a handful of FSRQs known in this energy range. Modeling allows us to constrain the evolution of the magnetic field and electron energy distribution in the emission region. The gamma-ray flare was accompanied by a rotation of the optical polarization vector during a low -polarization state. Also, a new superluminal radio knot contemporaneously appeared in the radio image of the jet. The optical spectroscopy shows a prominent FeII bump with flux evolving together with the continuum emission and a MgII line with varying equivalent width.Key words: gamma rays: galaxies / galaxies: jets / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326�� Corresponding authors; contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de�� Deceased., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis
Published: 2020
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18. Testing two-component models on very high-energy gamma-ray-emitting BL Lac objects

Author: Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Ninci, Susumu Inoue, Dorota Sobczyńska, V. Verguilov, Chiara Righi, J. van Scherpenberg, I. Šnidarić, John Hoang, Y. Chai, Stefano Covino, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Strom, Jose Luis Contreras, Petar Temnikov, Elisa Bernardini, C. Arcaro, Y. Iwamura, Ž. Bošnjak, Juan Cortina, Andrei Berdyugin, Bernd Schleicher, L. Jouvin, M. Makariev, Massimo Persic, P. Peñil, Markus Garczarczyk, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, F. de Palma, A. Arbet Engels, F. Leone, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Nogués, Juan Abel Barrio, Sebastian Kiehlmann, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, S. Ansoldi, J. Rico, Anthony C. S. Readhead, M. Palatiello, H. Kubo, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Tomohiro Inada, N. Godinović, Giacomo Bonnoli, L. Bellizzi, Narek Sahakyan, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Mannheim, M. Takahashi, Luca Tosti, S. Loporchio, D. Dominis Prester, Miguel Nievas-rosillo, Francesco Giordano, U. Barres de Almeida, C. Nigro, Valerio D'Elia, J. Otero-Santos, M. I. Martínez, Francesco Dazzi, Simone Mender, Alessia Spolon, G. Maneva, D. Hadasch, Elina Lindfors, Konstancja Satalecka, Luca Foffano, R. J. García López, Jenni Jormanainen, Michele Doro, A. Hahn, Takeshi Oka, Rumen Bachev, Kyoshi Nishijima, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, A. Donini, B. Banerjee, T. Schweizer, Kari Nilsson, K. Noda, Armin Nabizadeh, G. Busetto, Shunsuke Sakurai, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, M. Delfino, P. Munar-Adrover, A. López-Oramas, V. Fallah Ramazani, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, M. Mariotti, Walter Max-Moerbeck, N. Torres-Albà, Sarah M. Wagner, David Paneque, A. Biland, F. D' Ammando, Anton Strigachev, J. Besenrieder, M. Hütten, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, Arto Oksanen, L. Pavletić, D. Elsaesser, Matteo Cerruti, S. Fukami, Christian Fruck, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Lelas, Kazuma Ishio, V. A. Acciari, W. Bhattacharyya, Yosuke Kobayashi, A. Fattorini, R. Reinthal, D. Zarić, Seiya Nozaki, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Y. Kajiwara, Julian Sitarek, A. De Angelis, D. Miceli, M. V. Fonseca, W. Rhode, Francesco Longo, S. Lombardi, B. De Lotto, Roberto Carosi, Elisa Prandini, Sofia Ventura, D. Morcuende, N. Talebpour Sheshvan, W. Bednarek, Saša Mićanović, M. Minev, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Teshima, S. M. Colak, Markus Gaug, M. Peresano, Yoshiki Ohtani, Jordi Delgado, J. Kushida, P. Kehusmaa, Oscar Blanch, Ashot Chilingarian, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, L. O. Takalo, V. Moreno, Giacomo D'Amico, S. Cikota, Kevin Schmidt, Y. Suda, Talvikki Hovatta, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Rodrigo Reeves, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, M. Hodges, G. Ferrara, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, G. Ceribella, J. M. Paredes, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Mallamaci, R. López-Coto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, Edgar Molina, G. Vanzo, T. Saito, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, F. Wierda, M. Strzys, L. Di Venere, Vincenzo Vitale, Dominik Baack, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tjark Miener, T. Surić, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, I. Puljak, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, A., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., MacHado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Arcaro, C., D' Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Jormanainen, J., Wierda, F., Wagner, S. M., Berdyugin, A., Nabizadeh, A., Talebpour Sheshvan, N., Oksanen, A., Bachev, R., Strigachev, A., Kehusmaa, P., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Academy of Finland, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, BL Lacertae objects: general, Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms: non-Thermal, SHEATH POLARIZATION STRUCTURES, Astrophysics, Parameter space, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, gamma rays: galaxies, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], non-Thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, LACERTAE OBJECTS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, TEV BLAZARS, CROSS-CORRELATIONS, galaxie [Gamma rays], 1ES 1959+650, Gamma ray, Active [Galaxies], miscellaneous [Astronomical databases], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, RELATIVISTIC JETS, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Blazar, MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, X-RAY, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies], miscellaneou [Astronomical databases], COMPLETE SAMPLE, Free parameter
Abstract: MAGIC Collaboration: et al., [Context]: It has become evident that one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models are not always adequate for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray-emitting blazars. While two-component models perform better, they are difficult to constrain due to the large number of free parameters., [Aims]: In this work, we make a first attempt at taking into account the observational constraints from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data, long-term light curves (radio, optical, and X-rays), and optical polarisation to limit the parameter space for a two-component model and test whether or not it can still reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of the blazars., [Methods]: We selected five TeV BL Lac objects based on the availability of VHE gamma-ray and optical polarisation data. We collected constraints for the jet parameters from VLBI observations. We evaluated the contributions of the two components to the optical flux by means of decomposition of long-term radio and optical light curves as well as modelling of the optical polarisation variability of the objects. We selected eight epochs for these five objects based on the variability observed at VHE gamma rays, for which we constructed the SEDs that we then modelled with a two-component model., [Results]: We found parameter sets which can reproduce the broadband SED of the sources in the framework of two-component models considering all available observational constraints from VLBI observations. Moreover, the constraints obtained from the long-term behaviour of the sources in the lower energy bands could be used to determine the region where the emission in each band originates. Finally, we attempt to use optical polarisation data to shed new light on the behaviour of the two components in the optical band. Our observationally constrained two-component model allows explanation of the entire SED from radio to VHE with two co-located emission regions., VFR and EL were supported by Academy of Finland projects 317636 and 320045. We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV2015-0548, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.
Published: 2020

19. New Hard-TeV Extreme Blazars Detected with the MAGIC Telescopes*

Author: D. Fidalgo, K. Nishijima, R. Mirzoyan, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, P. Temnikov, L. Bellizzi, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, D. Dominis Prester, S. Paiano, I. Šnidarić, C. Nigro, Y. Iwamura, A. Carosi, Stefano Covino, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Vanzo, Satoshi Fukami, John Hoang, Massimo Persic, J. Becerra González, Kazuma Ishio, T. Saito, S. Ansoldi, M. Palatiello, V. Fallah Ramazani, Jordi Delgado, C. Maggio, M. Delfino, S. Gasparyan, Elisa Prandini, Francesco Dazzi, Saverio Lombardi, A. Lamastra, Saša Mićanović, A. Berti, V. Vitale, J. Kushida, Kari Nilsson, Dario Hrupec, D. Lelas, A. Arbet Engels, M. Mallamaci, L. Maraschi, Elisa Bernardini, Fabrizio Tavecchio, P. Peñil, Vitaly Neustroev, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, M. Peresano, K. Noda, U. Colin, N. Godinović, Mitsunari Takahashi, E. Molina, David Paneque, A. Biland, W. Bednarek, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Fattorini, Ž. Bošnjak, M. Will, Anne M. Lohfink, A. Somero, Luca Tosti, Antonio Stamerra, P. Da Vela, C. Fruck, F. D'Ammando, D. Guberman, Katsuaki Asano, K. Mannheim, R. Carosi, M. Minev, Francesco Longo, Jose Luis Contreras, M. Teshima, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, G. Maneva, L. Nogués, Susumu Inoue, I. Puljak, M. V. Fonseca, Abelardo Moralejo, Nicola Giglietto, J. van Scherpenberg, Juan Cortina, Ferdinando Giordano, Kevin Schmidt, E. Moretti, D. Miceli, U. Barres de Almeida, Victoria Moreno, Valerio Vagelli, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Hadasch, M. Ribó, Oscar Blanch, T. Schweizer, Serena Loporchio, Marina Manganaro, A. De Angelis, A. Chilingaryan, Dominik Baack, M. Strzys, S. Cikota, Daniel Kerszberg, P. G. Prada Moroni, Chiara Righi, V. D'Elia, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ceribella, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, C. Arcaro, G. Busetto, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Zarić, Matteo Cerruti, R. López-Coto, Tomohiro Inada, J. Herrera, Léa Jouvin, F. Leone, Julian Sitarek, G. Ferrara, D. Dorner, Louis Antonelli, E. Colombo, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, M. Garczarczyk, I. Vovk, Dorota Sobczyńska, Victor A. Acciari, Y. Chai, Moritz Hütten, D. Strom, J. Rico, R. Paoletti, J. Besenrieder, David H. Green, T. Surić, M. Gaug, L. Di Venere, G. Bonnoli, D. Elsaesser, D. Ninci, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, S. M. Colak, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. López-Oramas, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, J. M. Paredes, Francesco Tombesi, Seiya Nozaki, Davide Depaoli, L. Foffano, M. Mariotti, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espieira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Arcaro, C., Carosi, A., D'Ammando, F., Tombesi, F., Lohfink, A., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, and European Commission
Subjects: Non-thermal radiation sources, VHE [gamma ray], Non-thermal radiation source, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, model: leptonic, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, education.field_of_study, Gamma ray, gamma ray: emission, quality, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Física nuclear, Catalog, Astrophysics and Astronomy, astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Proton Synchrotron, magnetization, BL Lacertae object, leptonic [model], blazar, X-ray, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, education, Blazar, Active galactic nuclei, Gamma-ray sources, X-ray active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Catalogues, proton synchrotron, MAGIC, Synchrotron emission, Blazars, Relativistic jets, Catalogs, Automatic Keywords, gamma ray: VHE, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars that exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature nonthermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) range, and in some sources exceeds 1 TeV: this is the case for hard-TeV EHBLs such as 1ES 0229+200. With the aim of increasing the EHBL population, 10 targets were observed with the MAGIC telescopes from 2010 to 2017, for a total of 265 hr of good-quality data. The data were complemented by coordinated Swift observations. The X-ray data analysis confirms that all but two sources are EHBLs. The sources show only a modest variability and a harder-when-brighter behavior, typical for this class of objects. At VHE gamma-rays, three new sources were detected and a hint of a signal was found for another new source. In each case, the intrinsic spectrum is compatible with the hypothesis of a hard-TeV nature of these EHBLs. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources are built and modeled in the framework of a single-zone, purely leptonic model. The VHE gamma-ray-detected sources were also interpreted with a spine-layer model and a proton synchrotron model. The three models provide a good description of the SEDs. However, the resulting parameters differ substantially in the three scenarios, in particular the magnetization parameter. This work presents the first mini catalog of VHE gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of EHBLs., We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA 2015-68378-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6- 4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016- 76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-RE DC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. E.P. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 664931. M.C. has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from la Caixa Banking Foundation, grant No. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630012.
Published: 2020

20. MAGIC very large zenith angle observations of the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV

Author: David Paneque, A. Biland, T. Schweizer, D. Ninci, Elina Lindfors, J. Besenrieder, D. Guberman, Masahiro Teshima, Chiara Righi, Daniel Mazin, A. De Angelis, J. Becerra González, A. Berti, S. Ansoldi, N. Godinović, S. Fukami, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Bellizzi, Giacomo Bonnoli, D. Dominis Prester, K. Mannheim, N. Torres-Albà, J. Palacio, J. van Scherpenberg, P. Da Vela, A. Babić, D. Elsaesser, M. Ribó, D. Morcuende, P. Peñil, F. Leone, I. Šnidarić, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, V. Moreno, Dario Hrupec, Antonio Stamerra, P. G. Prada Moroni, G. Ceribella, Massimo Persic, Stefano Covino, Konstancja Satalecka, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Nogués, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, Michele Doro, M. A. Lopez, G. Maneva, Elisa Prandini, D. Miceli, D. Fidalgo, Julian Sitarek, M. Mariotti, S. Cikota, M. I. Martínez, Razmik Mirzoyan, L. Saha, A. Chilingaryan, W. Rhode, G. Vanzo, M. Strzys, J. M. Paredes, Kyoshi Nishijima, U. Barres de Almeida, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Hadasch, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, Petar Temnikov, M. Mallamaci, M. Minev, W. Bhattacharyya, Christian Fruck, S. Lombardi, D. Zarić, Jordi Delgado, John Hoang, Elisa Bernardini, G. Busetto, Y. Suda, Jose Luis Contreras, Dorota Sobczyńska, C. Maggio, Juan Cortina, R. López-Coto, Saša Mićanović, T. Surić, D. Lelas, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Y. Chai, Seiya Nozaki, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, S. M. Colak, D. Strom, J. Kushida, V. Vagelli, M. V. Fonseca, Auni Somero, M. Peresano, Kevin Schmidt, A. Arbet Engels, F. Di Pierro, M. Palatiello, Vitaly Neustroev, Luca Tosti, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Takahashi, I. Puljak, Narek Sahakyan, Carlo Vigorito, Laura Maraschi, Francesco Dazzi, Riccardo Paoletti, Markus Gaug, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, Valerio D'Elia, M. Delfino, A. López-Oramas, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Ferrara, Susumu Inoue, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, C. Nigro, V. A. Acciari, M. Makariev, Dominik Baack, R. J. García López, Luca Foffano, Francesco Giordano, Kari Nilsson, J. Rico, H. Kubo, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, Ž. Bošnjak, L. Jouvin, S. Loporchio, Simona Paiano, K. Noda, Jose Miguel Miranda, Edgar Molina, T. Saito, L. Di Venere, M. Hütten, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, Vincenzo Vitale, Ievgen Vovk, A. Hahn, Y. Iwamura, Markus Garczarczyk, Kazuma Ishio, B. De Lotto, W. Bednarek, Francesco Longo, Oscar Blanch, A. Fattorini, Roberto Carosi, Tomohiro Inada, A. Donini, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Universidad de Barcelona, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.
Subjects: Gamma rays: general, ISM: supernova remnants, Methods: observational, Astronomy, gamma rays general, methods observational, ISM supernova remnants, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, model [emission], generalI [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Raigs gamma, optical, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Supernoves, supernova remnants [ISM], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, Supernovae, Gamma rays: generalI, high [energy], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [Gamma rays], FOS: Physical sciences, SM: supernova remnants, monitoring [atmosphere], emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, observational [Methods], 14. Life underwater, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Zenith, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, calibration, supernova remnants [SM], MAGIC, Cherenkov counter, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral, supernova remnant [ISM], Energy (signal processing), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Aims. We measure the Crab Nebula γ-ray spectral energy distribution in the ~100 TeV energy domain and test the validity of existing leptonic emission models at these high energies. Methods. We used the novel very large zenith angle observations with the MAGIC telescope system to increase the collection area above 10 TeV. We also developed an auxiliary procedure of monitoring atmospheric transmission in order to assure proper calibration of the accumulated data. This employs recording optical images of the stellar field next to the source position, which provides a better than 10% accuracy for the transmission measurements. Results. We demonstrate that MAGIC very large zenith angle observations yield a collection area larger than a square kilometer. In only ~ 56 h of observations, we detect the γ-ray emission from the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV, thus providing the highest energy measurement of this source to date with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Comparing accumulated and archival MAGIC and Fermi/LAT data with some of the existing emission models, we find that none of them provides an accurate description of the 1 GeV to 100 TeV γ-ray signal., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. This research has made use of the CTA instrument response functions provided by the CTA Consortium and Observatory, see http://www.cta-observatory.org/science/cta-performance/ (version prod3b-v1) for more details.
Published: 2020

21. Deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, A. Lamastra, Jordi Delgado, P. Giammaria, Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Baack, D. Galindo, Massimo Persic, John Hoang, E. Moretti, J. Palacio, Pablo Peñil, Chiara Righi, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, Kari Nilsson, P. Majumdar, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, Dorota Sobczyńska, Francesco Longo, Satoshi Masuda, D. Dominis Prester, Adrian Biland, S. Gasparyan, Y. Iwamura, M. Strzys, J. Kushida, S. M. Colak, Abelardo Moralejo, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, A. Fernández-Barral, N. Godinović, Takashi Saito, Pierre Colin, Tihomir Surić, Francesco Leone, W. Rhode, M. V. Fonseca, I. Puljak, P G Prada Moroni, N. Sahakyan, W. Bhattacharyya, V. Fallah Ramazani, J. Rico, P. Munar-Adrover, Oscar Blanch, A. Somero, Saverio Lombardi, Louis Antonelli, U. Barres de Almeida, A. Niedzwiecki, D. Fidalgo, M. Will, David H. Green, Edgar Molina, V. D'Elia, E. Colombo, S. Gallozzi, A. De Angelis, G. Vanzo, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Ana Babić, Stefan Cikota, A. Fattorini, D. Ninci, Shimpei Tsujimoto, M. I. Martínez, M. Vazquez Acosta, Stefano Ansoldi, Elisa Bernardini, Masahiro Teshima, M. Peresano, Giovanni Busetto, M. Mallamaci, F. Di Pierro, Lab Saha, B. De Lotto, D. Dorner, Markus Gaug, M. López, Elisa Prandini, A. Arbet Engels, D. Hadasch, Sabrina Einecke, Victoria Moreno, D. Kuveždić, Julian Sitarek, Rodolfo Carosi, D. Lelas, Vitaly Neustroev, Francesco Dazzi, Darko Zarić, Jürgen Besenrieder, K. Mannheim, Juan Abel Barrio, D. Elsaesser, I. Vovk, M. Makariev, Ciro Bigongiari, Aaron Dominguez, M. Nöthe, S. Paiano, B. Banerjee, K. Ishio, C. Nigro, G. Ceribella, G. Pedaletti, W. Bednarek, C. Maggio, G. Maneva, E. Do Souto Espiñera, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Tomislav Terzić, Susumu Inoue, M. Nievas Rosillo, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. López-Oramas, L. Foffano, L. Maraschi, M. Delfino, Marc Ribó, Jose Carlos Herrera, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, J. R. Garcia, Stefano Covino, M. Minev, Hidetoshi Kubo, G. Bonnoli, T. Schweizer, L. Nogués, M. Mariotti, M. Garczarczyk, V. A. Acciari, J. van Scherpenberg, K. Nishijima, P. Da Vela, Iva Šnidarić, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, G. Ferrara, D. Paneque, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, C. Fruck, D. Guberman, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espinera, E., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvezdic, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.
Subjects: Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, general [Pulsars], Globular clusters: general, FOS: Physical sciences, astro-ph.HE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, stars [gamma-rays], Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-rays: stars, Globular clusters: individual: M15, Pulsars: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, star [Gamma-rays], education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, education.field_of_study, individual: M15 [Globular clusters], non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Stars, Crab Nebula, Globular cluster, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrónica, general [Globular clusters], radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, pulsars: general, globular clusters: general, globular clusters: individual: M15, gamma-rays: stars, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Lepton
Abstract: A population of globular clusters (GCs) has been recently established by the Fermi-LAT telescope as a new class of GeV $\gamma$-ray sources. Leptons accelerated to TeV energies, in the inner magnetospheres of MSPs or in their wind regions, should produce $\gamma$-rays through the inverse Compton scattering in the dense radiation field from the huge population of stars. We have conducted deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes and used 165 hrs in order to search for $\gamma$-ray emission. A strong upper limit on the TeV $\gamma$-ray flux $, Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2019

22. Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout

Author: Katsuaki Asano, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, M. Cieślar, Nicholas F. H Tothill, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, O. Le Blanc, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, S. Mangano, Julien Lefaucheur, Tatsuo Yoshida, D. de Martino, Martin Pohl, A. Shalchi, Y. Renier, B. Biasuzzi, T. B. Humensky, E. Fiandrini, Andreas Quirrenbach, Abelardo Moralejo, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. Knapp, A. Pagliaro, Andrea Santangelo, Michael Punch, Andreas Specovius, A. M. Lopez, P. Peñil Del Campo, Henry Przybilski, J.-P. Lenain, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Satoshi Fukami, M. H. Grondin, S. Schlenstedt, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Maria Concetta Maccarone, Michael Zacharias, Francesco Giordano, T. Suomijärvi, Lorenzo Amati, J. Becker Tjus, Maxim V. Barkov, H. Prokoph, F.G. Saturni, R. J. White, Nu. Komin, María Isabel Bernardos, M. Orienti, Denis Bastieri, Justin Vandenbroucke, P. Vallania, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, L. Tibaldo, A. Burtovoi, A. Viana, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Roberto Aloisio, Soebur Razzaque, M. Valentino, P. Da Vela, Pol Bordas, Francesco Longo, N. Otte, V. La Parola, E. O. Angüner, Marco Berton, Elina Lindfors, Salvo Scuderi, Hiroyasu Tajima, M. Prouza, E. Mach, P. Goldoni, C. Alispach, M. I. Martínez, Miroslav Pech, Kai Brügge, G. Vasileiadis, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Geoff Romeo, M. Marculewicz, Cameron B Rulten, Fuyuki Tokanai, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Thomas Lohse, Anderson Caproni, Karol Seweryn, G. Bonnoli, D. Ninci, G. Pareschi, Stefan Kimeswenger, I. Sadeh, Łukasz Stawarz, M. Nöthe, Daniel Mazin, Ruben Alfaro, G. Busetto, Massimo Persic, A. Berti, G. Sironi, Pavel Horvath, Włodek Kluźniak, Pietro Bruno, Petr Travnicek, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Hayashida, Tomasz Szepieniec, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Y. Ohtani, Samuel Timothy Spencer, L. Di Venere, S. Karkar, M. Füßling, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Louis Antonelli, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Benjamin Koch, P.-O. Petrucci, M. de Naurois, Felix Werner, S. Sakurai, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, Petr Janecek, L. Dangeon, G. Fontaine, Alison Mitchell, Maria Magdalena González, Francesco Dazzi, Philip Kaaret, Reinaldo Santos-Lima, F. Di Pierro, Tomislav Terzić, Grzegorz Kowal, Stefan Wagner, R. A. Cameron, G. S. Varner, M. Roncadelli, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, David Kieda, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Ullrich Schwanke, Y. Iwamura, K. Sedlaczek, R. C. Shellard, Q. Feng, David A. Williams, A. De Angelis, T. Nagayoshi, P. Sangiorgi, I. A. Minaya, Etienne Lyard, Juan Abel Barrio, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, J. Gironnet, L. Mohrmann, Oscar Blanch, Marcello Giroletti, Jean-Luc Meunier, Valentina Fioretti, S. Masuda, V. Vagelli, Rodolfo Canestrari, L. Freixas Coromina, M. Palatka, T. Di Girolamo, Vincenzo Testa, Tsuguya Naito, J. Becerra González, R. Alves Batista, Samo Stanič, S. D. Vergani, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Catherine Boisson, Olivier Hervet, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Michele Doro, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Romano, E. Fedorova, Carlo Vigorito, M. Zavrtanik, Markus Gaug, Stanislav Stefanik, R. J. García López, F. de Palma, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, Enrico Congiu, Pierre Brun, Manuela Mallamaci, Barbara Balmaverde, L. Valore, Gino Tosti, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, V. I. Zhdanov, Gavin Rowell, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Fiori, M. Capalbi, J. Bregeon, Dario Hrupec, F. Toussenel, R. Paoletti, Fulvio Gianotti, Ayan Acharyya, G. Spengler, P. Majumdar, A.A. Zdziarski, A. López-Oramas, M. Mariotti, Juri Poutanen, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, M. Garczarczyk, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Diego F. Torres, Ciro Bigongiari, Matteo Cerruti, M. Polo, Csaba Balázs, A. Dmytriiev, T. Gasparetto, D. Dorner, A. W. Chen, Elisa Prandini, Vitalii Sliusar, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Jonathan Biteau, Vito Conforti, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Shanta M. Zimmer, J. M. Paredes, S. Vercellone, Jonathan Granot, Alice Donini, Antonio Stamerra, Jaime Rosado, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, F. D'Ammando, D. Nosek, M. Heller, Gagik Tovmassian, N. Produit, Petr Schovanek, German Martinez, G. Pühlhofer, S. Fegan, A. Kong, G. Morlino, G. Emery, H.-S. Zechlin, Tomasz Bulik, Antonino D'Ai, Riccardo Rando, Rocco Lico, K. Pfrang, D. Hadasch, R. López-Coto, A. Vollhardt, Pankaj Kushwaha, Petar Temnikov, Emmanuel Moulin, Luca Zampieri, Michiko Ohishi, C. Maggio, V. de Souza, Q. Piel, Marc Ribó, Werner Hofmann, A. Wierzcholska, Luisa Arrabito, Gianpaolo Vettolani, J. Pérez-Romero, Paramita Barai, Sylvain Chaty, N. Parmiggiani, V. Vassiliev, K. Nishijima, D. Cauz, S. Caroff, Giuseppe Leto, J.F. Glicenstein, Maria Ionica, Eva Sciacca, A. Bonardi, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, Marcos Santander, H. Siejkowski, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, Ralph Bird, S. Mićanović, D. Zavrtanik, Carole Mundell, Jan Ebr, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, R. Gnatyk, Pierre Jean, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. López, Olga Sergijenko, R. Walter, Oleh Petruk, M. Del Santo, D. Elsasser, Jakub Juryšek, H. Martínez-Huerta, Andreas Zech, Jose J. Gonzalez, Akira Okumura, M. Iori, A. Ghalumyan, Jacco Vink, David Gascon, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. A. Ong, Sabrina Casanova, B. Khélifi, S. Flis, G. Galanti, H. J. Voelk, Jim Hinton, M. Will, David H. Green, Giuseppe Malaguti, B. Rudak, A. Pe'Er, J. L. Dournaux, Andrea Bulgarelli, Frank M. Rieger, A. Djannati-Ataï, F. De Frondat, Lenka Tomankova, Moritz Hütten, Osvaldo Catalano, Hidetoshi Kubo, Tarek M. Hassan, Tomohiro Inada, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, J. Kushida, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, F. Salesa Greus, Juan Cortina, Andreu Sanuy, S. Vorobiov, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, N. Maxted, N. Renault-Tinacci, P. Munar, M. Seglar-Arroyo, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Z. Ou, Anatolii Zenin, T. Tam, Miroslav Hrabovsky, G. Ambrosi, Giovanni Bonanno, R. Millul, Anastasia Maria Barbano, T. Grabarczyk, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, R. D. Parsons, Luis H. S. Kadowaki, Elena Amato, M. Lallena Arquillo, I. Oya, Jacek Niemiec, Gianluca Giavitto, Marita Krause, Olaf Reimer, Josep Martí, M. Perri, Maria Chernyakova, Takeshi Nakamori, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Thomas Murach, P. Cristofari, C. Delgado, Fernando Catalani, G. La Rosa, J. Alfaro, Thomas Armstrong, J. Kocot, Léa Jouvin, Markus Böttcher, Rodrigo Nemmen, J. P. Amans, Utane Sawangwit, Y. Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Sano, D. Jankowsky, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, B. Bertucci, Sebastian Diebold, L. P. Taylor, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, A. Fiasson, Miroslav Filipovic, R. Moderski, T. Stolarczyk, B. Patricelli, H. Ashkar, Alessandro Costa, Jonathan Blazek, C. Trichard, M. Vecchi, T. Greenshaw, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, S. M. Colak, Lili Yang, C. Díaz, J. Rico, P. Caraveo, S. Loporchio, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, V. De Caprio, R. Wischnewski, A. Sillanpää, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Takashi Saito, I. Agudo, Yasuo Fukui, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, F. Cassol, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, M. V. Fonseca, U. Barres de Almeida, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, Giancarlo Cusumano, M. Ostrowski, T. Montaruli, L. Tosti, Garret Cotter, Konrad Bernlöhr, Reshmi Mukherjee, Fabio Iocco, M. Palatiello, Jonathan S. Lapington, U. Straumann, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Matteo Balbo, Lab Saha, N. Hiroshima, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Atreyee Sinha, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Acharyya, A., Agudo, I., Anguner, E. O., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amans, J. -P., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ashkar, H., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Barai, P., Barbano, A., Barkov, M., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Becker Tjus, J., Bellizzi, L., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M. I., Bernlohr, K., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Biasuzzi, B., Bigongiari, C., Bird, R., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Blazek, J., Boisson, C., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonavolonta, C., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottcher, M., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Brugge, K., Brun, P., Bruno, P., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Busetto, G., Cameron, R., Canestrari, R., Capalbi, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Caroff, S., Carosi, R., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cassol, F., Catalani, F., Catalano, O., Cauz, D., Cerruti, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Cieslar, M., Colak, S. M., Conforti, V., Congiu, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Cumani, P., Cusumano, G., D'Ai, A., D'Ammando, F., Dangeon, L., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., de Cassia dos Anjos, R., De Frondat, F., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., Del Santo, M., Delgado, C., della Volpe, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Diaz, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J. -L., Ebr, J., Ekoume, T. R. N., Elsasser, D., Emery, G., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fioretti, V., Fiori, M., Flis, S., Fonseca, M. V., Fontaine, G., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gasparetto, T., Gaug, M., Ghalumyan, A., Gianotti, F., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Gironnet, J., Glicenstein, J. -F., Gnatyk, R., Goldoni, P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, M. M., Gourgouliatos, K. N., Grabarczyk, T., Granot, J., Green, D., Greenshaw, T., Grondin, M. -H., Gueta, O., Hadasch, D., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Heller, M., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hofmann, W., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Humensky, T. B., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Iocco, F., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Iwamura, Y., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, D., Jean, P., Jouvin, L., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Kadowaki, L. H. S., Karkar, S., Kerszberg, D., Khelifi, B., Kieda, D., Kimeswenger, S., Kluzniak, W., Knapp, J., Knodlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kowal, G., Krause, M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kushwaha, P., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lallena Arquillo, M., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Le Blanc, O., Lefaucheur, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leto, G., Lico, R., Lindfors, E., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lopez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M. C., Mach, E., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Malaguti, G., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Marculewicz, M., Mariotti, M., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Masuda, S., Maxted, N., Mazin, D., Meunier, J. -L., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Millul, R., Minaya, I. A., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morlino, G., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Mukherjee, R., Munar, P., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Nagai, A., Nagayoshi, T., Naito, T., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nikolajuk, M., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nothe, M., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Ostrowski, M., Otte, N., Ou, Z., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatiello, M., Palatka, M., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Parmiggiani, N., Parsons, R. D., Patricelli, B., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Penil Del Campo, P., Perez-Romero, J., Perri, M., Persic, M., Petrucci, P. -O., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piel, Q., Pietropaolo, E., Pohl, M., Polo, M., Poutanen, J., Prandini, E., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Renier, Y., Ribeiro, D., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez-Ramirez, J. C., Rodri-guez Vazquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rugliancich, A., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Salesa Greus, F., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santangelo, A., Santos-Lima, R., Sanuy, A., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Schlenstedt, S., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Sedlaczek, K., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sillanpaa, A., Sinha, A., Sironi, G., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spengler, G., Stamerra, A., Stanic, S., Stawarz, L., Stefanik, S., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Suomijarvi, T., Swierk, P., Szepieniec, T., Tagliaferri, G., Tajima, H., Tam, T., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tibaldo, L., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tokanai, F., Tomankova, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Toussenel, F., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Trichard, C., Umana, G., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vandenbroucke, J., Varner, G. S., Vasileiadis, G., Vassiliev, V., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vink, J., Vitale, V., Voelk, H., Vollhardt, A., Vorobiov, S., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Yang, L., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zampieri, L., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zenin, A., Zhdanov, V. I., Zimmer, S., Zorn, J., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Durham University, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Delegación Coyoacán, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), PSL Research University, INAF - Osservatorio di astrofisica e scienza dello spazio di Bologna, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INFN Sezione di Perugia, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Oxford, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CNRS/IN2P3, University of Tokyo, Monash University, University of Geneva, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, INFN Sezione di Padova and Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Universidad de La Laguna, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, INFN Sezione di Torino, Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems in Mechanics and Mathematics NASU, Université Paris-Saclay, University of California, INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Radboud University Nijmegen, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, IEEC-UB, North-West University, Columbia University, TU Dortmund University, University of Warsaw, Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, Stanford University, INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Núcleo de Astrofísica Teórica (NAT/UCS), INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano, INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polish Academy of Sciences, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Udine, University of the Witwatersrand, Dublin City University, CIEMAT, CPPM, INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia, Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Université Paris-Saclay), CSIC), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università degli Studi di Bari, Universität Tübingen, Obs de Paris, University of Rijeka, Universität Würzburg, LPNHE, Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Western Sydney University, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Nagoya University, University of Amsterdam, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Yerevan Physics Institute, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB, Academic Computer Centre CYFRONET AGH, The Open University of Israel, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, UMR 5797, Konan University, KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), RCPTM, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), INFN Sezione di Roma, Jagiellonian University, Physikalisches Institut, Université Paul Sabatier, University of Iowa, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Leicester, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), University of Turku, Humboldt University Berlin, Universidad de Jaén, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Physics, University of New South Wales, Universität Zürich, Hiroshima University, INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), University of Bath, Saitama University, Yamanashi-Gakuin University, Yamagata University, Institute of Particle & Nuclear Physics, Tokushima University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Universität Potsdam, Linnaeus University, Universität Heidelberg, University of Johannesburg, University of Adelaide, Tuscaloosa, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, University of Nova Gorica, University of Wisconsin, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Ibaraki University, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Utah, USA, GBR, FRA, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Angüner, E. O., Becerra González, J., Bernlöhr, K., Bonavolontá, C., Böttcher, M., Brügge, K., Cieślar, M., D’Aí, A., D’Ammando, F., de Cássia dos Anjos, R., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Díaz, C., Djannati-Ataï, A., Elsässer, D., Füßling, M., Garcia López, R. J., González, J. M., González, M. M., Hütten, M., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Knödlseder, J., López, M., López-Coto, R., Martí, J., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Martínez-Huerta, H., Nikołajuk, M., Nöthe, M., Pe’Er, A., Peñil Del Campo, P., Pérez-Romero, J., Pühlhofer, G., Rainò, S., Ribó, M., Rodrí-guez Vázquez, J. J., Sillanpää, A., Stanič, S., Stawarz, Ł., Świerk, P., Vázquez Acosta, M., GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, Astronomy, Monte Carlo method, energy resolution, Monte Carlo simulations, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, gamma rays, cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Observatory, law, site, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:540, Física nuclear, Monte carlo studies, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, FÍSICA DE ALTA ENERGIA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, energy dependence, Telescope, Optics, CTA - Abteilung Hofmann, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo simulation, Cherenkov radiation, CTA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, sensitivity, Cosmic ray, Cherenkov telescope, gamma ray: VHE, business, Energy (signal processing), astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.© 2019, We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project D01-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants PFB-06, FB0821, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants 3160153, 3150314, 1150411, 1161463, 1170171, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research internationalization grant under MINEDUC agreement PUC1566, Chile, Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS LM2015046, LTT17006 and EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, Czech Republic; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile-de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P210 and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, 10-0033, J1-9146; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; MINECO National R+D+I, Severo Ochoa, Maria de Maeztu, CDTI, PAIDI, UJA, FPA2017-90566-REDC, Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Ernest Boninchi Foundation, Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S.Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no 262053 and no 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement no 676134.
Published: 2019

23. Discovery of TeV γ-ray emission from the neighbourhood of the supernova remnant G24.7+0.6 by MAGIC

Author: R. J. García López, P G Prada Moroni, C. Arcaro, M. Vazquez Acosta, Masahiro Teshima, Elina Lindfors, Nikola Godinovic, Victoria Moreno, Daniel Mazin, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fernández-Barral, Chiara Righi, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, L. Nogués, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, Lluis Font, D. Dorner, A. Lamastra, M. Minev, R. Zanin, P. Temnikov, D. Elsaesser, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Marcel Strzys, V. D'Elia, Martin Will, Stefano Covino, D. Zarić, Adrian Biland, D.F. Torres, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, B. Banerjee, A. Fattorini, Marc Ribó, S. Ansoldi, P. Giammaria, M. A. Lopez, Karl Mannheim, P. Bangale, Junko Kushida, J. Delgado, J. Rico, Kyoshi Nishijima, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Satoshi Masuda, John Hoang, U. Barres de Almeida, Arka Chatterjee, Tarek M. Hassan, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. Paiano, Aaron Dominguez, F. Di Pierro, D. Kuveždić, Jürgen Besenrieder, Alexander Hahn, D. Hadasch, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. I. Martínez, D. Fidalgo, Juan Abel Barrio, J. Becerra González, J. E. Ward, Damir Lelas, Francesco Longo, I. Snidaric, Sidika Merve Colak, G. Ferrara, E. Colombo, Sabrina Einecke, M. Delfino, Lab Saha, D. Dominis Prester, Alessio Berti, Ievgen Vovk, Louis Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, S. Gallozzi, Gaia Vanzo, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, A. De Angelis, D. Ninci, Michele Doro, Dorota Sobczyńska, Martin Makariev, Ana Babić, Oscar Blanch, R. Mirzoyan, Vitaly Neustroev, W. Bednarek, T. Schweizer, Jose Luis Contreras, Christian Fruck, Julian Sitarek, Juan Cortina, J. Herrera, V. Fallah Ramazani, G. Bonnoli, David Paneque, M. Mariotti, Koji Noda, A. López-Oramas, Ivica Puljak, D. Guberman, Elisa Bernardini, G. Pedaletti, G. Maneva, D. Baack, M. Persic, P. Colin, V. A. Acciari, P. Da Vela, L. Foffano, L. Maraschi, Tomislav Terzić, Kari Nilsson, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, J. R. Garcia, Camilla Maggio, Kazuma Ishio, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, A. Niedzwiecki, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, M. Peresano, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, D. Galindo, Francesco Leone, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, Edgar Molina, B. De Lotto, Markus Gaug, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Garczarczyk, W. Rhode, Francesco Dazzi, A. Somero, Pablo Peñil, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., De Almeida, U Barre, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Torres, D. F., and Zanin, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cloud [ISM], ISM:supernova remnants, acceleration of particles, ISM: clouds, cosmic rays, ISM: supernova remnants, gamma-rays: general, astro-ph.HE, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, acceleration of particle, cosmic ray, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, supernova remnants [ISM], Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, ISM:supernova remnants, ISM: clouds, gamma-rays: general, Acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, gamma-rays: general, ISM: clouds, ISM: supernova remnants, Supernova, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, supernova remnant [ISM], Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, clouds [ISM], general [gamma-rays], Radio wave
Abstract: SNR G24.7+0.6 is a 9.5 kyrs radio and $\gamma$-ray supernova remnant evolving in a dense medium. In the GeV regime, SNR G24.7+0.6 (3FHL\,J1834.1--0706e/FGES\,J1834.1--0706) shows a hard spectral index ($\Gamma$$\sim$2) up to $200$\,GeV, which makes it a good candidate to be observed with Cherenkov telescopes such as MAGIC. We observed the field of view of \snr\ with the MAGIC telescopes for a total of 31 hours. We detect very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission from an extended source located 0.34\degr\ away from the center of the radio SNR. The new source, named \mgc\ is detected up to 5\,TeV, and its spectrum is well-represented by a power-law function with spectral index of $2.74 \pm 0.08$. The complexity of the region makes the identification of the origin of the very-high energy emission difficult, however the spectral agreement with the LAT source and overlapping position at less than 1.5$\sigma$ point to a common origin. We analysed 8 years of \fermi-LAT data to extend the spectrum of the source down to 60\,MeV. \fermi-LAT and MAGIC spectra overlap within errors and the global broad band spectrum is described by a power-law with exponential cutoff at $1.9\pm0.5$\,TeV. The detected $\gamma$-ray emission can be interpreted as the results of proton-proton interaction between the supernova and the CO-rich surrounding., Comment: accepted for publication by MNRAS
Published: 2019

24. Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Author: Simonetta Puccetti, D. Dominis Prester, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, G. Bonnoli, Julian Sitarek, D. Dorner, Yoshiki Ohtani, J. Becerra González, S. Ventura, S. Ansoldi, L. Nogués, J. Besenrieder, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, Jose Luis Contreras, B. Jordan, I. Puljak, Pawel Gliwny, L. V. Larionova, L. Di Venere, Sunay Ibryamov, Abelardo Moralejo, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, Juan Cortina, A. A. Mokrushina, E. Moretti, Kaya Mori, Maria Petropoulou, Elena G. Larionova, J. Rico, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. Fattorini, C. Fruck, F. Del Puppo, F. Verrecchia, Victoria Moreno, Chiara Righi, M. V. Fonseca, Elina Lindfors, Justin D. Finke, D. A. Morozova, V. D'Elia, A. López-Oramas, M. G. Nikolashvili, John Hoang, Susumu Inoue, L. Maraschi, R. Paoletti, R. Reinthal, A. Strigachev, Saverio Lombardi, T. Schweizer, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ferdinando Giordano, Fabrizio Tavecchio, C. Nigro, B. Banerjee, Bernd Schleicher, A. Hahn, R. G. Chanishvili, Francesco Longo, M. Will, Shunsuke Sakurai, Ll. Font, Takeshi Oka, Davide Depaoli, Alan P. Marscher, L. Saha, D. Elsaesser, Antonio Stamerra, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Joni Tammi, V. Fallah Ramazani, D. Lelas, T. Guever, M. Teshima, J. M. Paredes, Dorota Sobczyńska, Zeljka Bosnjak, Chakali Eswaraiah, A. C. R. Readhead, G. Busetto, Jorge Otero-Santos, Mislav Baloković, J. L. Richards, R. A. Chigladze, Y. Chai, J. Kushida, Seiya Nozaki, Kari Nilsson, U. Barres de Almeida, L. Foffano, Ciro Bigongiari, Saša Mićanović, V. Vitale, Wen Ping Chen, P. Temnikov, T. Saito, Andrei Berdyugin, David H. Green, D. Strom, F. Di Pierro, E. N. Kopatskaya, Stefano Covino, D. Miceli, S. Gasparyan, D. Blinov, G. Maneva, E. Molina, S. G. Jorstad, T. Surić, M. Mariotti, I. Šnidarić, Satoshi Fukami, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, R. López-Coto, Kazuma Ishio, Y. Iwamura, M. Gaug, A. Lamastra, A. C. Sadun, J. Herrera, G. Vanzo, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Anne Lähteenmäki, S. M. Colak, Valeri M. Larionov, C. M. Raiteri, C. Maggio, O. M. Kurtanidze, S. Cikota, D. Ninci, G. Ferrara, A. De Angelis, Rumen Bachev, Yu. V. Troitskaya, M. Minev, Georgi Latev, Elisa Bernardini, Other groups, L. Pavletić, Elisa Prandini, Goran Damljanović, Evgeni Semkov, M. Delfino, Wolfgang Rhode, Yusuke Suda, Massimo Persic, Carlo Vigorito, A. Berti, Paul S. Smith, K. Noda, Dario Hrupec, C. Leto, Victor A. Acciari, K. Nishijima, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Mitsunari Takahashi, P. Peñil, L. Bellizzi, Serena Loporchio, Jose Miguel Miranda, N. Godinović, M. Strzys, Ashot Chilingarian, N. Giglietto, U. Colin, W. Bednarek, Simone Mender, Moritz Hütten, W. Bhattacharyya, I. Agudo, R. Mirzoyan, Louis Antonelli, Dominik Baack, P. Majumdar, G. M. Madejski, A. Arbet Engels, Vitaly Neustroev, J. W. Moody, Luca Tosti, M. Villata, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, I. Vovk, Jordi Delgado, H. C. Lin, Kevin Schmidt, Talvikki Hovatta, D. Hadasch, M. Palatiello, Y. Kajiwara, Francesco Dazzi, M. Mallamaci, O. Vince, M. Peresano, Yosuke Kobayashi, P. Da Vela, F. D'Ammando, K. Mannheim, R. J. García López, Ivan S. Troitsky, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, A. Biland, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Merja Tornikoski, Matteo Cerruti, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, J. Barnes, F. Leone, M. Ribó, J. van Scherpenberg, A. Babić, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, Manasvita Joshi, Vassil Verguilov, Daniel Kerszberg, V. Ramakrishnan, D. Zarić, Tomohiro Inada, E. Colombo, M. Perri, M. Garczarczyk, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, German Research Foundation, National Centre for Research and Development (Poland), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Russian Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, John Templeton Foundation, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Magic, Collaboration, Other Groups And, Collaborator, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L. K., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Puppo, F. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espiñeira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Petropoulou, M., Finke, J., D'Ammando, F., Balokovic, M., Madejski, G., Mori, K., Puccetti, S., Leto, C., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Chanishvili, R., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Guver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., and Reinthal, R.
Subjects: Individual sources Mrk 421, Flux, Astrophysics, Blazar, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov observations, Gamma-ray, Active galaxie, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), BL lacertae objects, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Active galaxies, Markarian galaxies, Gamma-ray detectors, Gamma-rays, Relativistic jets, High energy astrophysics, Observational astronomy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma ray, X-ray, Markarian galaxie, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Individual sources Mrk 421, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov observations, MAGIC, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Active galaxies, Markarian galaxies, Gamma-ray detectors, Gamma-rays, Relativistic jets, High energy astrophysics, Observational astronomy, Plasmoid, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, BL Lacertae object, High energy astrophysic, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Magnetic reconnection, Light curve, MAGIC, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3-7 keV, 7-30 keV, and 30-80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2-0.4 TeV, 0.4-0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux-flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-827 29-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, and FPA 201790566REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO-1153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" SEV-20160588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT.Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K..A..Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC; Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). D.P. and A.B. are grateful to Amy Furniss and Wystan Benbow for providing the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray fluxes and for useful discussions about them. M.P. acknowledges support from the Lyman Jr. Spitzer Postdoctoral Fellowship and NASA Fermi grant No. 80NSSC18K1745., and J.F. is partially supported by NASA under contract S-15633Y. M.B. acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (grant NNX14AQ07H) and the black hole Initiative at Harvard University, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant GBMF8273) and in part by the John Templeton Foundation. This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 18-13/2017, DN 18-10/2017, KP06-H28/3 (2018), and KP-06-PN38/1 (2019), as well as for the Spanish MIMECO (AYA2016-80889-P, RYC-2013-14511) and the IAA-CSIC "Severo Ochoa" program SEV2017-0709. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support of the project FR/638/6-320/12 by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract 31/77. T.G. acknowledges support from Istanbul University (Project numbers 49429 and 48285), Bilim Akademisi (BAGEP program), and TUBITAK (project numbers 13AT100-431, 13AT100-466, and 13AT60-430). The Boston University effort was supported in part by NASA grants NNX12AO90G and NNX14AQ58G. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used in this paper. This program is supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09 AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. The OVRO 40 m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). W.M. acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002.
Published: 2020

25. The TeV blazar 1ES 1959+650 - a short review

Author: D. Dorner, L. Tabagari, Bidzina Kapanadze, P. Romano, and S. Vercellone
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics, Blazar
Published: 2018

26. The Blazar TXS 0506+056 associated with a high-energy neutrino: insights into extragalactic jets and cosmic-ray acceleration

Author: M. Makariev, John Hoang, J. Besenrieder, J. Rico, W. Rhode, M. Vazquez Acosta, L. Nogués, J. Kushida, Simona Paiano, D. Hadasch, R. Ch. Berse, Jose Luis Contreras, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, K. Mielke, P. Da Vela, Ievgen Vovk, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, M. I. Martínez, Juan Cortina, P. Bangale, A. Hahn, W. Bhattacharyya, K. Pfrang, F. Di Pierro, D. Fidalgo, M. Mariotti, K. Nishijima, G. Pedaletti, V. Moreno, G. Vanzo, S. Gallozzi, Sabrina Einecke, K. Mannheim, T. Saito, D. Dorner, C. Maggio, D. Dominis Prester, Stefano Covino, Matteo Cerruti, Marina Manganaro, Juan Abel Barrio, P. G. Prada Moroni, M. Strzys, S. Lombardi, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, J. R. Garcia, P. Peñil, M. Minev, D. Lelas, F. Leone, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, S. M. Colak, C. Arcaro, M. A. Lopez, M. Peresano, G. Ceribella, A. Niedzwiecki, M. V. Fonseca, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Ana Babić, David Paneque, Ciro Bigongiari, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Ansoldi, Fabrizio Tavecchio, I. Šnidarić, Eduardo Colombo, Razmik Mirzoyan, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, Markus Gaug, D. Guberman, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, J. Palacio, Christian Fruck, A. Fattorini, Tomislav Terzić, B. Banerjee, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Y. Iwamura, M. Hayashida, P. Giammaria, R. J. García López, Markus Garczarczyk, Francesco Longo, N. Godinović, Lab Saha, Pierre Colin, Kari Nilsson, G. Maneva, V. Fallah Ramazani, Marc Ribó, Massimo Persic, M. Will, Hidetoshi Kubo, Pratik Majumdar, D. Elsaesser, Jose Carlos Herrera, G. Ferrara, G. Bonnoli, Oscar Blanch, Jordi Delgado, M. Delfino, Julian Sitarek, Masahiro Teshima, T. Schweizer, D. Ninci, Chiara Righi, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, Yusuke Konno, I. Puljak, Laura Maraschi, C. Nigro, Darko Zarić, Luca Foffano, Aaron Dominguez, A. Lamastra, J. E. Ward, Shimpei Tsujimoto, A. Rugliancich, Vitaly Neustroev, Susumu Inoue, N. Torres-Albà, Valerio D'Elia, Dominik Baack, Adrian Biland, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tihomir Surić, Louis Antonelli, A. De Angelis, U. Barres de Almeida, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Ishio, J. Becerra González, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Pierro, F. Di, Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albá, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Cerruti, Matteo, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: neutrino: energy: high, jets [galaxies], Electron, Astrophysics, individual (TXS 0506+056) [BL Lacertae objects], 01 natural sciences, neutrino, Absorption (logic), MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, interaction [electron], cosmic ray, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, photon, neutrinos, 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Neutrino detector, inverse [Compton scattering], electron: interaction, galaxies [gamma rays], acceleration [cosmic radiation], Física nuclear, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, VHE, energy [p], blazar, X-ray, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, ddc:530, galaxie [gamma rays], energy: high [neutrino], cosmic radiation: acceleration, Blazar, plasma, BL Lacertae objects: individual, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, 530 Physik, MAGIC, BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), cosmic rays, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, neutrinos, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), messenger, electromagnetic, Compton scattering: inverse, p: energy, jet [galaxies], gamma ray, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption
Abstract: A neutrino with energy of $\sim$290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS~0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at $\sim 3\sigma$ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the MAGIC telescopes for $\sim$41 hours from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of $\sim 10^{45} - 4 \times 10^{46} {\rm erg \ s^{-1}}$. The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal $\gamma\gamma$ absorption above a few tens of GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a $\sim$290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton up-scattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet co-moving frame can be in the range $\sim 10^{14}$ to $10^{18}$ eV., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figues, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJL. Major changes in the revised Version: corrected author list
Published: 2018

27. Constraining very-high-energy and optical emission from FRB 121102 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: D. Elsaesser, Satoshi Masuda, Alessandra Lamastra, A. Hahn, Stefano Covino, K. Nishijima, Francesco Longo, Kazumi Kashiyama, Arka Chatterjee, Marc Ribó, Pierre Colin, D. Hadasch, J. Becerra González, Oscar Blanch, Julian Sitarek, P. Bangale, Abelardo Moralejo, Hidetoshi Kubo, W. Bhattacharyya, W. Rhode, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, J. Rico, P. Giammaria, Laura Spitler, F. Leone, M. Minev, L. Maraschi, E. Colombo, Juan Cortina, I. Puljak, Masahiro Teshima, G. Ferrara, Jordi Delgado, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. López, G. Bonnoli, J. Palacio, T. Schweizer, E. Molina, Victoria Moreno, Chiara Righi, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, M. Delfino, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Jason W. T. Hessels, N. Torres-Albà, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, J. R. Garcia, Darko Zarić, P. Da Vela, Iva Šnidarić, D. Baack, D. Ninci, Jürgen Besenrieder, Alicia Fattorini, D. Dominis Prester, F. Di Pierro, M. Peresano, M. Makariev, A. Arbet Engels, Vitaly Neustroev, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, Pablo Peñil, R. J. García López, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. Somero, V. D'Elia, Aaron Dominguez, A. Niedzwiecki, J. E. Ward, C. Fruck, Ciro Bigongiari, Kari Nilsson, P. Majumdar, C. Nigro, G. Ceribella, Elina Lindfors, Juan Abel Barrio, L. Nogués, D. Dorner, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Mariotti, S. M. Colak, M. Garczarczyk, D. Guberman, Kohta Murase, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, V. Fallah Ramazani, C. Maggio, G. Maneva, Daniel Mazin, Tomislav Terzić, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. Berti, M. Will, A. López-Oramas, D. Paneque, N. Godinović, B. De Lotto, K. Mannheim, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Andrew Seymour, G. Pedaletti, Shimpei Tsujimoto, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. I. Martínez, Massimo Persic, V. A. Acciari, Ll. Font, Razmik Mirzoyan, P G Prada Moroni, Adrian Biland, Louis Antonelli, D. Lelas, G. Vanzo, E. Moretti, Ana Babić, Sabrina Einecke, A. De Angelis, Tihomir Surić, S. Paiano, K. Ishio, Dorota Sobczyńska, Benito Marcote, Stefano Ansoldi, D. Fidalgo, Markus Gaug, M. V. Fonseca, Saverio Lombardi, John Hoang, Takashi Saito, U. Barres de Almeida, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, Susumu Inoue, Daniele Michilli, Y. Iwamura, M. Strzys, D. Kuveždić, I. Vovk, Valentí Bosch-Ramon, Jose Carlos Herrera, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., de Almeida, U. Barre, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Marcote, B., Spitler, L. G., Hessels, J. W. T., Kashiyama, K., Murase, K., Bosch-Ramon, V., Michilli, D., Seymour, A., Universitat de Barcelona, and ITA
Subjects: High energy, Photon, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radiació, Raigs gamma, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, methods: data analysis, methods: observational, gamma-rays: general, Methods: observational, Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray astronomy, Astronomia de raigs gamma, observational [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Millisecond, general [Gamma-rays], ta115, Radiation, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxy, Redshift, data analysi [Methods], Wavelength, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-rays: general, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Optical emission spectroscopy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright flashes observed typically at GHz frequencies with millisecond duration, whose origin is likely extragalactic. Their nature remains mysterious, motivating searches for counterparts at other wavelengths. FRB 121102 is so far the only source known to repeatedly emit FRBs and is associated with a host galaxy at redshift $z \simeq 0.193$. We conducted simultaneous observations of FRB 121102 with the Arecibo and MAGIC telescopes during several epochs in 2016--2017. This allowed searches for millisecond-timescale burst emission in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays as well as the optical band. While a total of five FRBs were detected during these observations, no VHE emission was detected, neither of a persistent nature nor burst-like associated with the FRBs. The average integral flux upper limits above 100 GeV at 95% confidence level are $6.6 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{photons\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ (corresponding to luminosity $L_{\rm VHE} \lesssim 10^{45}~\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) over the entire observation period, and $1.2 \times 10^{-7}~ \mathrm{photons\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ ($L_{\rm VHE} \lesssim 10^{49}~\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) over the total duration of the five FRBs. We constrain the optical U-band flux to be below 8.6 mJy at 5-$\sigma$ level for 1-ms intervals around the FRB arrival times. A bright burst with U-band flux $29~\mathrm{mJy}$ and duration $\sim 12$ ms was detected 4.3 s before the arrival of one FRB. However, the probability of spuriously detecting such a signal within the sampled time space is 1.5% (2.2 $\sigma$, post-trial), i.e. consistent with the expected background. We discuss the implications of the obtained upper limits for constraining FRB models., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS the 2nd September 2018
Published: 2018

28. FACT - Searching for periodicity in five-year light-curves of Active Galactic Nuclei

Author: Max Mahlke, Thomas Bretz, J. Adam, L M Ahnen, D. Baack, M Balbo, A Biland, M. Blank, K Bruegge, J Buss, A Dmytriiev, D Dorner, S Einecke, D Elsaesser, C Hempfling, T Herbst, D Hildebrand, L. Kortmann, L. Linhoff, M Mahlke, K Mannheim, A S Mueller, D Neise, A Neronov, M Noethe, J. Oberkirch, A Paravac, F Pauss, W Rhode, B. Schleicher, F. Schulz, A Shukla, V Sliusar, F Temme, J Thaele, and R Walter
Subjects: Physics, Supermassive black hole, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Binary number, Flux, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, law.invention, Telescope, Crab Nebula, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) has been monitoring Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) for the past five years. The use of robust silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) allows for a continuous, unbiased sampling even during bright-light conditions. This dataset promises insights into the core regions of AGN by investigating the periodicity of the sources. Periodic changes in the flux could indicate a binary nature of the supermassive black holes. A study using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram to find periodicity in monitored AGN is presented. Repeating patterns in the observation times, like moon periods and seasonal effects, affect the analysis by introducing spurious peaks into the periodogram. The zenith-dependence of the observed $\gamma$-ray rates further complicate the interpretation. Showing no variability at TeV energies, the $\gamma$-ray flux of the Crab Nebula is used to characterize this latter effect, before applying the Lomb-Scargle algorithm.
Published: 2017

29. Erratum: A cut-off in the TeV gamma-ray spectrum of the SNR Cassiopeia A

Author: MAGIC Collaboration: M L Ahnen, S Ansoldi, L A Antonelli, C Arcaro, A Babić, B Banerjee, P Bangale, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, J Becerra González, W Bednarek, E Bernardini, A Berti, W Bhattacharyya, B Biasuzzi, A Biland, O Blanch, S Bonnefoy, G Bonnoli, R Carosi, A Carosi, A Chatterjee, M Colak, P Colin, E Colombo, J L Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, P Cumani, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, E de Oña Wilhelmi, F Di Pierro, M Doert, A Domínguez, D Dominis Prester, D Dorner, M Doro, S Einecke, D Eisenacher Glawion, D Elsaesser, M Engelkemeier, V Fallah Ramazani, A Fernández-Barral, D Fidalgo, M V Fonseca, L Font, C Fruck, D Galindo, R J García López, M Garczarczyk, M Gaug, P Giammaria, N Godinović, D Gora, D Guberman, D Hadasch, A Hahn, T Hassan, M Hayashida, J Herrera, J Hose, D Hrupec, T Inada, K Ishio, Y Konno, H Kubo, J Kushida, D Kuveždić, D Lelas, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, M López, C Maggio, P Majumdar, M Makariev, G Maneva, M Manganaro, K Mannheim, L Maraschi, M Mariotti, M Martínez, D Mazin, U Menzel, M Minev, R Mirzoyan, A Moralejo, V Moreno, E Moretti, V Neustroev, A Niedzwiecki, M Nievas Rosillo, K Nilsson, D Ninci, K Nishijima, K Noda, L Nogués, S Paiano, J Palacio, D Paneque, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, G Pedaletti, M Peresano, L Perri, M Persic, P G Prada Moroni, E Prandini, I Puljak, J R Garcia, I Reichardt, W Rhode, M Ribó, J Rico, C Righi, T Saito, K Satalecka, S Schroeder, T Schweizer, S N Shore, J Sitarek, I Šnidarić, D Sobczynska, A Stamerra, M Strzys, T Surić, L Takalo, F Tavecchio, P Temnikov, T Terzić, D Tescaro, M Teshima, D F Torres, N Torres-Albà, A Treves, G Vanzo, M Vazquez Acosta, I Vovk, J E Ward, M Will, and D Zarić
Subjects: Physics, Cassiopeia A, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray, ddc:520, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectrum (topology)
Published: 2018

30. Variable Very High Energy γ‐Ray Emission from Markarian 501

Author: J. Albert, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, P. Antoranz, A. Armada, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, P. Bordas, V. Bosch‐Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, J. A. Coarasa, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, V. Curtef, V. Danielyan, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, C. Delgado, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, E. Domingo‐Santamaria, D. Dorner, M. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernandez, R. Firpo, J. Flix, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, M. Fuchs, N. Galante, R. J. Garcia‐Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giller, F. Goebel, D. Hakobyan, M. Hayashida, T. Hengstebeck, A. Herrero, D. Hohne, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, C. C. Hsu, P. Jacon, T. Jogler, R. Kosyra, D. Kranich, R. Kritzer, A. Laille, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, J. Lopez, M. Lopez, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, O. Mansutti, M. Mariotti, M. Martinez, D. Mazin, C. Merck, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, S. Mizobuchi, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, E. Ona‐Wilhelmi, N. Otte, I. Oya, D. Paneque, M. Panniello, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. Pegna, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rugamer, A. Saggion, T. Saito, A. Sanchez, P. Sartori, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, R. Schmitt, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sillanpaa, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, T. Wibig, W. Wittek, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, J., Albert, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, P., Antoranz, A., Armada, C., Baixera, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, P., Borda, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, J. A., Coarasa, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, V., Curtef, V., Danielyan, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, C., Delgado, R. D. L., Reye, B. D., Lotto, E., Domingo Santamaria, D., Dorner, M., Doro, M., Errando, M., Fagiolini, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, J., Flix, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, M., Fuch, N., Galante, R. J., Garcia Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giller, F., Goebel, D., Hakobyan, M., Hayashida, T., Hengstebeck, A., Herrero, D., Hohne, J., Hose, D., Hrupec, C. C., Hsu, P., Jacon, T., Jogler, R., Kosyra, D., Kranich, R., Kritzer, A., Laille, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, J., Lopez, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, K., Mannheim, O., Mansutti, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, C., Merck, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, S., Mizobuchi, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, E., Ona Wilhelmi, N., Otte, I., Oya, D., Paneque, M., Panniello, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R., Pegna, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, A., Piccioli, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T., Saito, A., Sanchez, P., Sartori, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, R., Schmitt, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sillanpaa, D., Sobczynska, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, T., Wibig, W., Wittek, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, and J., Zapatero
Subjects: PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, Photon, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, BL-LAC OBJECTS, CHERENKOV TELESCOPE SYSTEM, LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA, 23 DAY PERIODICITY, BLACK-HOLE MODELS, X-RAY, MKN 501, MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, Flux, Electron, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Luminosity, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Active Galactic Nuclei, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MAGIC telescope, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Markarian 501, BL Lac, AGN, VHE gamma-ray, imaging air Cherenkov telescope, MAGIC, Flare
Abstract: The blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) was observed at energies above 0.10 TeV with the MAGIC telescope from May through July 2005. The high sensitivity of the instrument enabled the determination of the flux and spectrum of the source on a night-by-night basis. Throughout our observational campaign, the flux from Mrk 501 was found to vary by an order of magnitude. Intra-night flux variability with flux-doubling times down to 2 minutes was observed during the two most active nights, namely June 30 and July 9. These are the fastest flux variations ever observed in Mrk 501. The ~20-minute long flare of July 9 showed an indication of a 4 +/- 1 min time delay between the peaks of F(1.2 TeV), which may indicate a progressive acceleration of electrons in the emitting plasma blob. The flux variability was quantified for several energy ranges, and found to increase with the energy of the gamma-ray photons. The spectra hardened significantly with increasing flux, and during the two most active nights, a spectral peak was clearly detected at 0.43 +/- 0.06 TeV and 0.25 +/- 0.07 TeV, respectively for June 30 and July 9. There is no evidence of such spectral feature for the other nights at energies down to 0.10 TeV, thus suggesting that the spectral peak is correlated with the source luminosity. These observed characteristics could be accommodated in a Synchrotron-Self-Compton (SSC) framework in which the increase in gamma-ray flux is produced by a freshly injected (high energy) electron population.
Published: 2007

31. MAGIC Upper Limits on the Very High Energy Emission from Gamma‐Ray Bursts

Author: J. Albert, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, P. Antoranz, A. Armada, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, P. Bordas, V. Bosch‐Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Ciprini, J. A. Coarasa, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, V. Curtef, V. Danielyan, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, C. Delgado, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, E. Domingo‐Santamaria, D. Dorner, M. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernandez, R. Firpo, J. Flix, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, M. Fuchs, N. Galante, R. Garcia‐Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giller, F. Goebel, D. Hakobyan, M. Hayashida, T. Hengstebeck, A. Herrero, D. Hohne, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, P. Jacon, T. Jogler, O. Kalekin, R. Kosyra, D. Kranich, R. Kritzer, A. Laille, T. Lenisa, P. Liebing, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, J. Lopez, M. Lopez, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, O. Mansutti, M. Mariotti, M. Martinez, D. Mazin, C. Merck, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, S. Mizobuchi, A. Moralejo, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, E. Ona‐Wilhelmi, N. Otte, I. Oya, D. Paneque, M. Panniello, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. Pegna, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, M. Poller, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rugamer, A. Saggion, A. Sanchez, P. Sartori, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, R. Schmitt, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sillanpaa, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, N. Tonello, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, T. Wibig, W. Wittek, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, J., Albert, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, P., Antoranz, A., Armada, C., Baixera, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, P., Borda, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, S., Ciprini, J. A., Coarasa, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, V., Curtef, V., Danielyan, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, C., Delgado, R. d., los Reye, B. D., Lotto, E., Domingo Santamaria, D., Dorner, M., Doro, M., Errando, M., Fagiolini, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, J., Flix, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, M., Fuch, N., Galante, R., Garcia Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giller, F., Goebel, D., Hakobyan, M., Hayashida, T., Hengstebeck, A., Herrero, D., Hohne, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, P., Jacon, T., Jogler, O., Kalekin, R., Kosyra, D., Kranich, R., Kritzer, A., Laille, T., Lenisa, P., Liebing, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, J., Lopez, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, K., Mannheim, O., Mansutti, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, C., Merck, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, S., Mizobuchi, A., Moralejo, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, E., Ona Wilhelmi, N., Otte, I., Oya, D., Paneque, M., Panniello, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R., Pegna, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, A., Piccioli, M., Poller, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, A., Sanchez, P., Sartori, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, R., Schmitt, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sillanpaa, D., Sobczynska, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, N., Tonello, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, T., Wibig, W., Wittek, R., Zanin, and J., Zapatero
Subjects: High energy, gamma ray astronomy, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Gamma-ray Bursts, MAGIC telescope, Extrapolation, FIREBALLS, Astrophysics, COMPTON EMISSION, Power law, GRB 050713A, Observacions astronòmiques, SEARCH, Gamma ray astronomy, Astronomia de raigs gamma, SPECTRA, MAGIC (telescope), LONG-DURATION, TEV EMISSION, AFTERGLOWS, SYNCHROTRON, COMPONENT, Zenith, Physics, Scattering, Attenuation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray Burst, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astronomical observations
Abstract: During its first data cycle, between 2005 and the beginning of 2006, the fast repositioning system of the MAGIC telescope allowed the observation of nine different gamma-ray bursts as possible sources of very high energy gamma-rays. These observations were triggered by alerts from Swift, HETE-2, and INTEGRAL; they started as quickly as possible after the alerts and lasted for several minutes, with an energy threshold varying between 80 and 200 GeV, depending on the zenith angle of the burst. No evidence for gamma signals was found, and upper limits for the flux were derived for all events using the standard analysis chain of MAGIC. For the bursts with measured redshifts, the upper limits are compatible with a power-law extrapolation, when the intrinsic fluxes are evaluated taking into account the attenuation due to the scattering in the metagalactic radiation field.
Published: 2007

32. Observations of Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the G2 object with MAGIC

Author: D. Paneque, D. Garrido Terrats, T. Schweizer, L. Nogués, M. Engelkemeier, M. Makariev, Masahiro Teshima, J. Becerra González, Alessandro Carosi, X. Paredes-Fortuny, F. Di Pierro, A. González Muñoz, A.-K. Overkemping, M. Hayashida, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Elina Lindfors, Laura Maraschi, S. Ansoldi, B. Biasuzzi, Ana Babić, D. Nakajima, J. Rico, M. V. Fonseca, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, P. Da Vela, Juan Abel Barrio, Jose Miguel Miranda, Arka Chatterjee, Iva Šnidarić, Kyoshi Nishijima, Abelardo Moralejo, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, R. J. García López, Benito Marcote, S. Schroeder, T. Steinbring, C. Arcaro, Dariusz Gora, E. Moretti, Pierre Colin, F. Borracci, M. Ribó, Kari Nilsson, K. Frantzen, A. De Angelis, Yusuke Konno, M. Will, Christian Fruck, Stefano Covino, Julian Sitarek, D. Lelas, U. Menzel, I. Puljak, A. Niedzwiecki, Riccardo Paoletti, Julia Thaele, Elisa Prandini, J. Kushida, Dario Hrupec, D. Hadasch, Markus Gaug, D. Galindo, Aaron Dominguez, I. Reichardt, Petar Temnikov, G. Vanzo, R. Zanin, Razmik Mirzoyan, Jose Luis Contreras, Simona Paiano, J. Palacio, M. A. Lopez, Elisa Bernardini, G. Pedaletti, Juan Cortina, A. Biland, Antonio Stamerra, K. Noda, D. Fidalgo, M. Mariotti, J. E. Ward, Juri Poutanen, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Guberman, Tihomir Surić, Giacomo Bonnoli, J. M. Paredes, S. Bonnefoy, P. Antoranz, G. Maneva, Marina Manganaro, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. I. Martínez, W. Idec, P. Bangale, M. Strzys, P. G. Prada Moroni, Diego F. Torres, Konstancja Satalecka, Sabrina Einecke, Michele Doro, A. Sillanpää, K. Kodani, Francesco Longo, V. Fallah Ramazani, Karl Mannheim, Takashi Saito, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Oscar Blanch, M. H. Wu, U. Barres de Almeida, L. Perri, A. La Barbera, Takeshi Toyama, D. Eisenacher Glawion, K. Mallot, M. Nievas Rosillo, J. R. Garcia, Massimo Persic, Leo O. Takalo, Ievgen Vovk, A. Hahn, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. De Lotto, M. Doert, W. Bednarek, V. Verguilov, J. Hose, S. Buson, D. Elsaesser, Markus Garczarczyk, B. Banerjee, Thomas Bretz, S. N. Shore, D. Dominis Prester, S. Lombardi, M. Peresano, Gareth Hughes, Tomislav Terzić, D. Tescaro, N. Godinović, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, R. Clavero, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, P. Giammaria, M. Palatiello, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, W. Rhode, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra GonzÃ¡lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, Alessio, Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De OÃ±a Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domãnguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., FernÃ¡ndez Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C, Galindo, D., GarcÃa LÃ³pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinoviä , N., GonzÃ¡lez MuÃ±oz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lã³pez, M., LÃ³pez Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martãnez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Noguã©s, L., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribã³, M., Rico, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpã¤ã¤, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Suriä , T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terziä , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., and Zanin, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, black hole physics, general [Gamma rays], Galaxy: center, gamma rays: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Black hole physic, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Black hole physics, Gamma rays: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Galactic Center, center [Galaxy], Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxy, Black hole, Sagittarius A, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Astronomy and astrophysics 601, A33 (2017). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629355, Context. We present the results of a multi-year monitoring campaign of the Galactic center (GC) with the MAGIC telescopes. These observations were primarily motivated by reports that a putative gas cloud (G2) would be passing in close proximity to the super-massive black hole (SMBH), associated with Sagittarius A*, located at the center of our galaxy. This event was expected to give astronomers a unique chance to study the effect of in-falling matter on the broad-band emission of a SMBH.Aims. We search for potential flaring emission of very-high-energy (VHE; ≥100 GeV) gamma rays from the direction of the SMBH at the GC due to the passage of the G2 object. Using these data we also study the morphology of this complex region.Methods. We observed the GC region with the MAGIC Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes during the period 2012–2015, collecting 67 h of good-quality data. In addition to a search for variability in the flux and spectral shape of the GC gamma-ray source, we use a point-source subtraction technique to remove the known gamma-ray emitters located around the GC in order to reveal the TeV morphology of the extended emission inside that region.Results. No effect of the G2 object on the VHE gamma-ray emission from the GC was detected during the 4 yr observation campaign. We confirm previous measurements of the VHE spectrum of Sagittarius A*, and do not detect any significant variability of the emission from the source. Furthermore, the known VHE gamma-ray emitter at the location of the supernova remnant G0.9+0.1 was detected, as well as the recently discovered VHE source close to the GG radio arc.Key words: Galaxy: center / gamma rays: general / black hole physics, Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis
Published: 2016

33. USE OF NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE TO FACILITATE ITEM REDUCTION FOR SLE CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT

Author: Johnson, S. Khanna, D. Cervera, R. Costedoat-Chalumeau, N. and Gladman, D. D. Hahn, B. H. Hiepe, F. Sanchez-Guerrero, J. Massarotti, E. Boumpas, D. Costenbader, K. Daikh, D. and Jayne, D. Dorner, T. Kamen, D. Mosca, M. and Ramsey-Goldman, R. Smolen, J. S. Wofsy, D. Aringer, M.
Published: 2016

34. Constraints on the Steady and Pulsed Very High Energy Gamma‐Ray Emission from Observations of PSR B1951 \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $+$ \end{document} 32/CTB 80 with the MAGIC Telescope

Author: J. Albert, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, P. Antoranz, A. Armada, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, P. Bordas, V. Bosch‐Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, J. A. Coarasa, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, V. Curtef, V. Danielyan, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, C. Delgado, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, E. Domingo‐Santamaria, D. Dorner, M. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernandez, R. Firpo, J. Flix, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, M. Fuchs, N. Galante, R. Garcia‐Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giller, F. Goebel, D. Hakobyan, M. Hayashida, T. Hengstebeck, A. Herrero, K. Hirotani, D. Hohne, J. Hose, C.‐C. Hsu, P. Jacon, T. Jogler, R. Kosyra, D. Kranich, R. Kritzer, A. Laille, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, J. Lopez, M. Lopez, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, O. Mansutti, M. Mariotti, M. Martinez, D. Mazin, C. Merck, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, S. Mizobuchi, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninković, E. Ona‐Wilhelmi, N. Otte, I. Oya, D. Paneque, M. Panniello, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. Pegna, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, M. Poller, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rugamer, A. Saggion, A. Sanchez, P. Sartori, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, R. Schmitt, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sillanpaa, D. Sobczyńska, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, N. Tonello, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, T. Wibig, W. Wittek, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, and J. Zapatero
Subjects: Physics, High energy, Nebula, Photon, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Cutoff, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on very high energy gamma-observations with the MAGIC Telescope of the pulsar PSR B1951+32 and its associated nebula, CTB 80. Our data constrain the cutoff energy of the pulsar to be less than 32 GeV, assuming the pulsed gamma-ray emission to be exponentially cut off. The upper limit on the flux of pulsed gamma-ray emission above 75 GeV is 4.3*10^-11 photons cm^-2 sec^-1, and the upper limit on the flux of steady emission above 140 GeV is 1.5*10^-11 photons cm^-2 sec^-1. We discuss our results in the framework of recent model predictions and other studies.
Published: 2007

35. Detection of VHE γ-rays from HESS J0632+057 during the 2011 February X-ray outburst with the MAGIC Telescopes

Author: The MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. A. Alvarez(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Asensio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Backes(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), D. Bastieri(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Łódź, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Boller(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Borla Tridon(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), V. Bosch-Ramon(Universitat de Barcelona), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Cañellas(Universitat de Barcelona), E. Carmona(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), L. Cossio(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), E. De Cea del Pozo(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), A. Diago Ortega(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), M. Doro(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Garrido Terrats(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Muñoz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), D. Häfner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), B. Huber(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), F. Jankowski(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), T. Jogler(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), V. Kadenius(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Klepser(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), T. Krähenbühl(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), E. Leonardo(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland), S. Lombardi(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Moldón(Universitat de Barcelona), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Łódź, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), D. Nieto(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), K. Nilsson(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland), N. Nowak(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), D. Paneque(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), S. Pardo(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. A. Perez-Torres(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), M. Pilia(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), J. Pochon(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), I. Puerto Gimenez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), I. Reichardt(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. Reinthal(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain)), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Y. Saito(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Łódź, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Spiro(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), B. Steinke(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), N. Strah(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland), H. Takami(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain)), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), Q. Weitzel(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), V. Zabalza(Universitat de Barcelona), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), now at(EPFL), (EPFL), Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL), Lausanne(EPFL), Switzerland(CIEMAT), supported by INFN Padova(CIEMAT), now at(CIEMAT), (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas(CIEMAT), Medioambientales y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT), Madrid(FINCA), Spain(FINCA), now at(FINCA), (FINCA), KIPAC(FINCA), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory(FINCA), USA(FINCA), Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO(FINCA), University of Turku(), and Finland)()
Subjects: High energy, Be star, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, binaries: general, gamma rays: general, stars: individual (MWC 148), X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual (HESS J0632+057), Astrophysics, Compact star, gamma ray astronomy, Cosmic rays, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, 01 natural sciences, Raigs gamma, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Estels binaris de raigs X, Physics, astro-ph.HE, COUNTERPART, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, X-ray, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, TEV BINARY, EMISSION, DISCOVERY, VARIABILITY, X-ray binaries, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The very high energy (VHE) \gamma-ray source HESS J0632+057 has recently been confirmed to be a \gamma-ray binary. The optical counterpart is the Be star MWC 148, and a compact object of unknown nature orbits it every ~321 d with a high eccentricity of ~0.8. We monitored HESS J0632+057 with the stereoscopic MAGIC telescopes from 2010 October to 2011 March and detected significant VHE \gamma-ray emission during 2011 February, when the system exhibited an X-ray outburst. We find no \gamma-ray signal in the other observation periods when the system did not show increased X-ray flux. Thus HESS J0632+057 exhibits \gamma-ray variability on timescales of the order of one to two months possibly linked to the X-ray outburst that takes place about 100 days after the periastron passage. Furthermore our measurements provide for the first time the \gamma-ray spectrum down to about 140 GeV and indicate no turnover of the spectrum at low energies. We compare the properties of HESS J0632+057 with the similar \gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303, and discuss on the possible origin of the multi-wavelength emission of the source, Comment: 6 pages and 3 figures, submitted, corresponding authors T. Jogler and P. Munar-Adrover
Published: 2015

36. Teraelectronvolt pulsed emission from the Crab pulsar detected by MAGIC

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, F. Borracci, T. Bretz, S. Buson, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, A. Chatterjee, R. Clavero, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsaesser, A. Fernández-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, K. Frantzen, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido Terrats, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinović, A. González Muñoz, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, Y. Hanabata, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, G. Hughes, W. Idec, K. Kodani, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, K. Mallot, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, B. Marcote, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Nakajima, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, R. Orito, A. Overkemping, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, X. Paredes-Fortuny, G. Pedaletti, M. Persic, J. Poutanen, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, J. Rodriguez Garcia, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, C. Schultz, T. Schweizer, S. N. Shore, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, T. Steinbring, M. Strzys, L. Takalo, H. Takami, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, J. Thaele, D. F. Torres, T. Toyama, A. Treves, V. Verguilov, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, M. H. Wu, and R. Zanin
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Aims: To investigate the extension of the very-high-energy spectral tail of the Crab pulsar at energies above 400 GeV. Methods: We analyzed $\sim$320 hours of good quality data of Crab with the MAGIC telescope, obtained from February 2007 until April 2014. Results: We report the most energetic pulsed emission ever detected from the Crab pulsar reaching up to 1.5 TeV. The pulse profile shows two narrow peaks synchronized with the ones measured in the GeV energy range. The spectra of the two peaks follow two different power-law functions from 70 GeV up to 1.5 TeV and connect smoothly with the spectra measured above 10 GeV by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board of the Fermi satellite. When making a joint fit of the LAT and MAGIC data, above 10 GeV, the photon indices of the spectra differ by 0.5$\pm$0.1. Conclusions: We measured with the MAGIC telescopes the most energetic pulsed photons from a pulsar to date. Such TeV pulsed photons require a parent population of electrons with a Lorentz factor of at least $5\times 10^6$. These results strongly suggest IC scattering off low energy photons as the emission mechanism and a gamma-ray production region in the vicinity of the light cylinder.
Published: 2015

37. The simultaneous low state spectral energy distribution of 1ES 2344+514 from radio to very high energies

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), M. Asensio(Universidad Complutense, Spain), M. Backes(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Łódź, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), A. Boller(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), D. Borla Tridon(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), L. Cossio(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, Germany), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, Spain), L. Font(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), D. Garrido Terrats(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), M. Gaug(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), A. González Muñoz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), F. Jankowski(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), V. Kadenius(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), S. Klepser(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), M. L. Knoetig(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), T. Krähenbühl(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), E. Leonardo(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), J. Masbou(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. Moldón(Universitat de Barcelona), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Łódź, Poland), D. Nieto(Universidad Complutense, Spain), K. Nilsson(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), N. Nowak(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), D. Paneque(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), M. Pilia(Università dell'Insubria, Como, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), I. Reichardt(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), R. Reinthal(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(ICREA, Barcelona, Spain), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), T. Y. Saito(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Łódź, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, Germany), S. Spiro(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), A. Stamerra(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), B. Steinke(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), L. Takalo(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), H. Takami(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(ICREA, Barcelona, Spain), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), Q. Weitzel(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), The MAGIC Collaboration(Università di Trieste, and INFN Trieste, Italy), F. Longo(Università di Trieste, and INFN Trieste, Italy), F. Lucarelli(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), C. Pittori(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), S. Vercellone(INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Italy), for the AGILE team(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), D. Bastieri(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), C. Sbarra(INFN Padova, Italy), for the Fermi-LAT Collaboration(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), E. Angelakis(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), I. Nestoras(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), T. P. Krichbaum(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), A. Sievers(Instituto de Radio Astronoma Milimétrica, Spain), J. A. Zensus(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), for the F-GAMMA program(Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine), K. A. Antonyuk(Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine), W. Baumgartner(Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA), A. Berduygin(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), M. Carini(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, USA), K. Cook(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, USA), N. Gehrels(Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA), M. Kadler(Universität Würzburg, Germany), Yu. A. Kovalev(Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), Y. Y. Kovalev(Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), F. Krauss(Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany), H. A. Krimm(Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA), A. Lähteenmäki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland), M. L. Lister(Department of Physics, Purdue University, USA), W. Max-Moerbeck(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, USA), M. Pasanen(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), A. B. Pushkarev(Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia), A. C. S. Readhead(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, USA), J. L. Richards(Department of Physics, Purdue University, USA), J. Sainio(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), D. N. Shakhovskoy(Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine), K. V. Sokolovsky(Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland), J. Tueller(Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA), M. Weidinger(Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany), J. Wilms(Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany), Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone] (IFAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), IEEC-CSIC, Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'études dynamiques et structurales de la sélectivité (LEDSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona] (DAM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) (MPI-P), Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, UNAM, Institute for Physical Research (IPR), National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF-Cagliari Astronomical Observatory, Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC (IFT), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Dept. of Physics, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Kao Group, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Optoelectronic Research Centre, University of Southampton, Department of Chemistry, Oulu, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo (IASF-Pa), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Meudon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Bath [Bath], Waves and Solitons LLC, 918 W. Windsong Dr., Caltech Department of Astronomy [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), J., Aleksić, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Asensio, M., Backe, U., Barres de Almeida, J. A., Barrio, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, O., Blanch, R. K., Bock, A., Boller, S., Bonnefoy, G., Bonnoli, D., Borla Tridon, T., Bretz, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, D., Carreto Fidalgo, P., Colin, E., Colombo, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, S., Covino, P., Da Vela, F., Dazzi, A., De Angeli, G., De Caneva, B., De Lotto, C., Delgado Mendez, M., Doert, A., Domínguez, D., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, C., Fruck, R. J., García López, M., Garczarczyk, D., Garrido Terrat, M., Gaug, G., Giavitto, N., Godinović, A., González Muñoz, S. R., Gozzini, A., Hadamek, D., Hadasch, A., Herrero, J., Hose, D., Hrupec, F., Jankowski, V., Kadeniu, S., Klepser, M. L., Knoetig, T., Krähenbühl, J., Krause, J., Kushida, A., La Barbera, D., Lela, E., Leonardo, N., Lewandowska, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, M., López, R., López Coto, A., López Orama, E., Lorenz, I., Lozano, M., Makariev, K., Mallot, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, B., Marcote, M., Mariotti, M., Martínez, J., Masbou, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldón, A., Moralejo, P., Munar Adrover, D., Nakajima, A., Niedzwiecki, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, N., Nowak, R., Orito, S., Paiano, M., Palatiello, D., Paneque, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, S., Partini, M., Persic, M., Pilia, F., Prada, P. G., Prada Moroni, E., Prandini, I., Puljak, I., Reichardt, R., Reinthal, W., Rhode, M., Ribó, J., Rico, S., Rügamer, A., Saggion, K., Saito, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, C., Schultz, T., Schweizer, S. N., Shore, A., Sillanpää, J., Sitarek, I., Snidaric, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, S., Spiro, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, B., Steinke, J., Storz, S., Sun, T., Surić, L., Takalo, H., Takami, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, T., Terzić, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, O., Tibolla, D. F., Torre, T., Toyama, A., Treve, M., Uellenbeck, P., Vogler, R. M., Wagner, Q., Weitzel, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, Longo, Francesco, F., Lucarelli, C., Pittori, S., Vercellone, D., Bastieri, C., Sbarra, E., Angelaki, L., Fuhrmann, I., Nestora, T. P., Krichbaum, A., Siever, J. A., Zensu, K. A., Antonyuk, W., Baumgartner, A., Berduygin, M., Carini, K., Cook, N., Gehrel, M., Kadler, Kovalev, Y. u. A., Y. Y., Kovalev, F., Krau, H. A., Krimm, A., Lähteenmäki, M. L., Lister, W., Max Moerbeck, M., Pasanen, A. B., Pushkarev, A. C. S., Readhead, J. L., Richard, J., Sainio, D. N., Shakhovskoy, K. V., Sokolovsky, M., Tornikoski, J., Tueller, M., Weidinger, J., Wilms, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), 7990-AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INAF-OAB, and DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Meudon]
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, law, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, galaxies: active, BL Lacerae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514, gamma rays: galaxies, X-rays: individuals: 1ES 2344+514, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, SELF-COMPTON MODEL, X-RAY, LAC OBJECTS, RELATIVISTIC JETS, MARKARIAN 501, Gamma ray, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], active [galaxies], astro-ph.CO, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, galaxie [gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, individual: 1ES 2344+514 [BL Lacertae objects], [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], galaxies [gamma-rays], Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, individuals: 1ES 2344+514 [X-rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Astronomy and Astrophysics 556 (2013): A67 reproduced with permission from Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context. BL Lacertae objects are variable at all energy bands on time scales down to minutes. To construct and interpret their spectral energy distribution (SED), simultaneous broad-band observations are mandatory. Up to now, the number of objects studied during such campaigns is very limited and biased towards high flux states. Aims.We present the results of a dedicated multi-wavelength study of the high-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (HBL) object and known TeV emitter 1ES 2344+514 by means of a pre-organised campaign. Methods.The observations were conducted during simultaneous visibility windows of MAGIC and AGILE in late 2008. The measurements were complemented by Metsähovi, RATAN-600, KVA+Tuorla, Swift and VLBA pointings. Additional coverage was provided by the ongoing long-term F-GAMMA and MOJAVE programs, the OVRO 40-m and CrAO telescopes as well as the Fermi satellite. The obtained SEDs are modelled using a one-zone as well as a self-consistent two-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Results. 1ES 2344+514 was found at very low flux states in both X-rays and very high energy gamma rays. Variability was detected in the low frequency radio and X-ray bands only, where for the latter a small flare was observed. The X-ray flare was possibly caused by shock acceleration characterised by similar cooling and acceleration time scales. MOJAVE VLBA monitoring reveals a static jet whose components are stable over time scales of eleven years, contrary to previous findings. There appears to be no significant correlation between the 15 GHz and R-band monitoring light curves. The observations presented here constitute the first multi-wavelength campaign on 1ES 2344+514 from radio to VHE energies and one of the few simultaneous SEDs during low activity states. The quasi-simultaneous Fermi-LAT data poses some challenges for SED modelling, but in general the SEDs are described well by both applied models. The resulting parameters are typical for TeV emitting HBLs. Consequently it remains unclear whether a so-called quiescent state was found in this campaign, The support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN, the Swiss National Fund SNF, and the Spanish MICINN is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the CPAN CSD2007-00042 and MultiDark CSD2009-00064 projects of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, by grant 127740 of the Academy of Finland, by the DFG Cluster of Excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe”, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, and by the Polish MNiSzW grant 745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0. The AGILE Mission is funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), with scientific and programmatic participation by the Italian Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) and the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN). Research partially supported through the ASI grants no. I/089/06/2 and I/042/10/0. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A.Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged
Published: 2013

38. Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Ansoldi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), A. Babic(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), P. Bangale(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), F. Borracci(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Einecke(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Farina(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), K. Frantzen(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Garrido Terrats(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Gaug(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Muñoz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), W. Idec(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), V. Kadenius(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. L. Knoetig(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(2,*), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Menzel(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Nilsson(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), N. Nowak(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Overkemping(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), D. Paneque(6,*), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), X. Paredes-Fortuny(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Preziuso(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), R. Reinthal(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), J. Rodriguez Garcia(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(7,*), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), T. Steinbring(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Thaele(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), VERITAS Collaboration(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. Behera(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), M. Beilicke(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), W. Benbow(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Bird(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), A. Bouvier(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), V. Bugaev(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. Cerruti(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), X. Chen(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), L. Ciupik(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), E. Collins-Hughes(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), W. Cui(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), C. Duke(Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112-1690, USA), J. Dumm(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Falcone(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), S. Federici(now at GRAPPA Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH), Q. Feng(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. P. Finley(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), L. Fortson(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Furniss(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), N. Galante(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), G. H. Gillanders(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), S. Griffin(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. T. Griffiths(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), J. Grube(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), G. Gyuk(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), D. Hanna(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Holder(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), C. A. Johnson(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), P. Kaaret(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), M. Kertzman(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA), D. Kieda(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), H. Krawczynski(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. J. Lang(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), A. S Madhavan(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), G. Maier(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), P. Majumdar(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), K. Meagher(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), P. Moriarty(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland), R. Mukherjee(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA), D. Nieto(Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), A. O'Faoláin de Bhróithe(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), R. A. Ong(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), A. N. Otte(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), A. Pichel(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), M. Pohl(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), A. Popkow(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), H. Prokoph(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), J. Quinn(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), J. Rajotte(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), G. Ratliff(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), L. C. Reyes(Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307, USA), P. T. Reynolds(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland), G. T. Richards(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), E. Roache(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), G. H. Sembroski(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), K. Shahinyan(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), F. Sheidaei(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), A. W. Smith(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), D. Staszak(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), I. Telezhinsky(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), M. Theiling(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Tyler(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), A. Varlotta(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), S. Vincent(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), S. P. Wakely(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), T. C. Weekes(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Welsing(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. A. Williams(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), A. Zajczyk(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), B. Zitzer(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA), External Collaborators(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Villata(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), C. M. Raiteri(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Ajello(Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA), M. Perri(ASI-Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy), H. D. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), M. F. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), V. M. Larionov(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), N. V. Efimova(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), T. S. Konstantinova(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), E. N. Kopatskaya(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), W. P. Chen(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan), E. Koptelova(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan), H. Y. Hsiao(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan), O. M. Kurtanidze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), M. G. Nikolashvili(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), G. N. Kimeridze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), B. Jordan(School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies, Ireland), P. Leto(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), C. S. Buemi(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), C. Trigilio(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), G. Umana(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), A. Lahtenmaki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), E. Nieppola(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), J. Sainio(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), M. Giroletti(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy), A. Cesarini(University of Trento, Department of Physics, I38050 Povo, Trento, Italy), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), Yu. A. Kovalev(Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997), Y. Y. Kovalev(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, School services, ELEC, and ~
Subjects: extragalactic background light, Ciencias Físicas, Flux, Electron, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Raigs gamma, bl lacertae objects, law, individual: Mrk 501 [BL Lacertae objects], Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, 213 Electronic, automation and communications engineering, electronics, Astroparticle physics, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501, Gamma rays: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Synchrotron, individual: Mrk 50 [BL Lacertae objects], Homogeneous, astroparticle physics, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, 1171 Geosciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, emitting electrons, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 114 Physical sciences, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 501, crab-nebula, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, tev blazars, variability, 221 Nanotechnology, Gamma rays, Individual: Mrk 501, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], gamma rays: general, Galaxies, gamma-ray emission, telescope system, Galàxies, Active Galaxies, blazars, gamma-rays, Mrk 501, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, x-ray, 115 Astronomy and space science, Low emission, 216 Materials engineering, Galàxies actives, active galactic nuclei, Active galaxies, ddc:520, general [gamma rays]
Abstract: Mrk 501 is one of the brightest blazars at TeV energies and has been extensively studied since its first VHE detection in 1996. Our goal is to characterize in detail the source gamma-ray emission, together with the radio-to-X-ray emission, during the non-flaring (low) activity, which is less often studied than the occasional flaring (high) activity. We organized a multiwavelength (MW) campaign on Mrk 501 between March and May 2008. This multi-instrument effort included the most sensitive VHE gamma-ray instruments in the northern hemisphere, namely the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes MAGIC and VERITAS, as well as Swift, RXTE, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments. Mrk 501 was found to be in a low state of activity during the campaign, with a VHE flux in the range of 10%-20% of the Crab nebula flux. Nevertheless, significant flux variations were detected with various instruments, with a trend of increasing variability with energy. The broadband spectral energy distribution during the two different emission states of the campaign can be adequately described within the homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model, with the (slightly) higher state described by an increase in the electron number density. This agrees with previous studies of the broadband emission of this source during flaring and non-flaring states. We report for the first time a tentative X-ray-to-VHE correlation during a low VHE activity. Although marginally significant, this positive correlation between X-ray and VHE, which has been reported many times during flaring activity, suggests that the mechanisms that dominate the X-ray/VHE emission during non-flaring-activity are not substantially different from those that are responsible for the emission during flaring activity., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2015

39. The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Ansoldi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), A. Babic(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), P. Bangale(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), F. Borracci(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Einecke(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Farina(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), K. Frantzen(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Garrido Terrats(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Gaug(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Mu\ noz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), W. Idec(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), V. Kadenius(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. L. Knoetig(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Longo(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Menzel(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Nilsson(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), N. Nowak(6,32,*), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Overkemping(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), D. Paneque(6,*), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), X. Paredes-Fortuny(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Preziuso(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), R. Reinthal(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), J. Rodriguez Garcia(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), T. Steinbring(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Thaele(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), VERITAS collaboration(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), (Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. Archambault(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), B. Behera(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), M. Beilicke(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), W. Benbow(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Bird(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), J. H. Buckley(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), V. Bugaev(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. Cerruti(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), X. Chen(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), L. Ciupik(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), E. Collins-Hughes(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), W. Cui(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Dumm(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), J. D. Eisch(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), A. Falcone(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), S. Federici(DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany), Q. Feng(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. P. Finley(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), H. Fleischhack(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), P. Fortin(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), L. Fortson(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Furniss(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), S. Griffin(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. T. Griffiths(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), J. Grube(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), G. Gyuk(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), D. Hanna(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Holder(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), G. Hughes(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), T. B. Humensky(Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), C. A. Johnson(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), P. Kaaret(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), M. Kertzman(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA), Y. Khassen(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), D. Kieda(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), H. Krawczynski(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), F. Krennrich(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), S. Kumar(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), M. J. Lang(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), G. Maier(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), S. McArthur(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), K. Meagher(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), P. Moriarty(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland), R. Mukherjee(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA), R. A. Ong(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), A. N. Otte(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), N. Park(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), A. Pichel(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), M. Pohl(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), A. Popkow(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), H. Prokoph(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), J. Quinn(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), K. Ragan(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Rajotte(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), P. T. Reynolds(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland), G. T. Richards(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), E. Roache(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. C. Rovero(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), G. H. Sembroski(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), K. Shahinyan(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), D. Staszak(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), I. Telezhinsky(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), M. Theiling(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. V. Tucci(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Tyler(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), A. Varlotta(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), S. P. Wakely(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), T. C. Weekes(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. Weinstein(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), R. Welsing(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Wilhelm(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), D. A. Williams(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), B. Zitzer(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA), External collaborators(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Villata(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), C. Raiteri(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), H. D. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), M. F. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), W. P. Chen(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), B. Jordan(School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, 2, Ireland), E. Koptelova(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), O. M. Kurtanidze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), A. Lähteenmäki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), B. McBreen(University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), V. M. Larionov(Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russia), C. S. Lin(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), M. G. Nikolashvili(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), E. Angelakis(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Capalbi(ASI-Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy), A. Carrami\ nana(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), L. Carrasco(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), P. Cassaro(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Sezione di Noto, Contrada Renna Bassa, 96017 Noto), A. Cesarini(Department of Physics, University of Trento, I38050, Povo, Trento, Italy), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Giroletti(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy), T. Hovatta(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), T. P. Krichbaum(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), H. A. Krimm(Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), W. Max-Moerbeck(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. W. Moody(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), G. Maccaferri(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), Y. Mori(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), I. Nestoras(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), A. Orlati(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), C. Pace(Indiana University, Department of Astronomy, Swain Hall West 319, Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, USA), R. Pearson(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), M. Perri(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), A. C. S. Readhead(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. L. Richards(Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907), A. C. Sadun(Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80220, USA), T. Sakamoto(Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and 952 Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan), J. Tammi(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), Y. Yatsu(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), A. Zook(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, Claremont CA 91711-6312, USA), Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadamek, A., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Krause, J., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Longo, Francesco, Lombardi, S., López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguezgarcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Archambault, S., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Collins Hughes, E., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Rajotte, J., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Chen, W. P., Jordan, B., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Mcbreen, B., Larionov, V. M., Lin, C. S., Nikolashvili, M. G., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., Cesarini, A., Fuhrmann, L., Giroletti, M., Hovatta, T., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Max Moerbeck, W., Moody, J. W., Maccaferri, G., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Astrofísica, Brightness, Ciencias Físicas, blazars, Astrophysics, telescope, x-ray variability, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, BL Lacertae objects, individual, Mrk 421, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Raigs gamma, emission, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, power spectra, BL Lacertae object, tev photons, 0103 physical sciences, Nucli galàctic actiu, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 421, Blazar, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, light curves, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, optical variability, active galactic nuclei, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, markarian-421, ddc:520
Abstract: We performed a 4.5-month multi-instrument campaign (from radio to VHE gamma rays) on Mrk421 between January 2009 and June 2009, which included VLBA, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Swift, RXTE, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, and Whipple, among other instruments and collaborations. Mrk421 was found in its typical (non-flaring) activity state, with a VHE flux of about half that of the Crab Nebula, yet the light curves show significant variability at all wavelengths, the highest variability being in the X-rays. We determined the power spectral densities (PSD) at most wavelengths and found that all PSDs can be described by power-laws without a break, and with indices consistent with pink/red-noise behavior. We observed a harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and measured a positive correlation between VHE and X-ray fluxes with zero time lag. Such characteristics have been reported many times during flaring activity, but here they are reported for the first time in the non-flaring state. We also observed an overall anti-correlation between optical/UV and X-rays extending over the duration of the campaign. The harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and the measured positive X-ray/VHE correlation during the 2009 multi-wavelength campaign suggests that the physical processes dominating the emission during non-flaring states have similarities with those occurring during flaring activity. In particular, this observation supports leptonic scenarios as being responsible for the emission of Mrk421 during non-flaring activity. Such a temporally extended X-ray/VHE correlation is not driven by any single flaring event, and hence is difficult to explain within the standard hadronic scenarios. The highest variability is observed in the X-ray band, which, within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, indicates that the electron energy distribution is most variable at the highest energies., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 14 figures (v2 has a small modification in the acknowledgments, and also corrects a typo in the field "author" in the metadata)
Published: 2015
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40. DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY gamma-RAYS FROM THE BLAZAR S5 0716+714

Author: H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, S. Balestra, J. A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, A. Berdyugin, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, D. Bose, I. Braun, T. Bretz, D. Britzger, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, P. Colin, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. de Cea del Pozo, R. De los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, N. Godinovic, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, A. Herrero, D. Hildebrand, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, C. C. Hsu, T. Jogler, S. Klepser, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, H. Miyamoto, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, R. Orito, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, I. Puljak, I. Reichardt, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, J. Sainio, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sánchez-Conde, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, S. N. Shore, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, S. Spiro, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, T. Suric, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, R. M. Wagner, C. Villforth, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, H., Anderhub, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Backe, C., Baixera, S., Balestra, J. A., Barrio, D., Bastieri, J. B., Gonzalez, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, A., Berdyugin, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, D. B., Tridon, V., Bosch Ramon, D., Bose, I., Braun, T., Bretz, D., Britzger, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, P., Colin, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, S., Covino, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, E. D., Del Pozo, R. D., Los Reye, B. D., Lotto, M. D., Maria, F. D., Sabata, C. D., Mendez, A., Dominguez, D. D., Prester, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Elsaesser, M., Errando, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, N., Galante, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, N., Godinovic, F., Goebel, D., Hadasch, A., Herrero, D., Hildebrand, D., Hohne Monch, J., Hose, D., Hrupec, C. C., Hsu, T., Jogler, S., Klepser, D., Kranich, A. L., Barbera, A., Laille, E., Leonardo, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, H., Miyamoto, J., Moldon, M., Mole, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, R., Orito, I., Oya, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R. G., Pegna, M. A., Perez Torre, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, F., Prada, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, I., Puljak, I., Reichardt, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, J., Sainio, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, M., Sanchez Conde, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, S. N., Shore, A., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, S., Spiro, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, T., Suric, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, R. M., Wagner, C., Villforth, V., Zabalza, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, J., Zapatero, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Raigs gamma, law, Observacions astronòmiques, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, Cosmic rays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, MAGIC telescope, Active Galactic Nuclei, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma ray astronomy, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae objects: individual: S5 0716+714, gamma rays: observations, Spectral energy distribution, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astronomical observations
Abstract: The MAGIC collaboration reports the detection of the blazar S5 0716+714 z=0.31+-0.08 in very high energy gamma-rays. The observations were performed in November 2007 and in April 2008, and were triggered by the KVA telescope due to the high optical state of the object. An overall significance of the signal accounts to S =5.8sigma for 13.1 hours of data. Most of the signal S = 6.9sigma comes from the April 2008 data sample during a higher optical state of the object suggesting a possible correlation between the VHE gamma-ray and optical emissions. The differential energy spectrum of the 2008 data sample follows a power law with a photon index of Gamma = 3.45+-0.54_(stat)+-0.2_(syst), and the integral flux above 400GeV is at the level of 7.5+-2.2_(stat)+-2.3_(syst)*10^-12 cm^-2 s^-1 corresponding to a 9% Crab Nebula flux. Modeling of the broad band spectral energy distribution indicates that a structured jet model appears to be more promising in describing the available data than a simple one zone synchrotron self-Compton model., accepted to ApJL
Published: 2009

41. THE JUNE 2008 FLARE OF MARKARIAN 421 FROM OPTICAL TO TeV ENERGIES

Author: I. Donnarumma, V. Vittorini, S. Vercellone, E. Del Monte, M. Feroci, F. D'Ammando, L. Pacciani, A. W. Chen, M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, A. Giuliani, F. Longo, G. Pucella, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F. Boffelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cocco, E. Costa, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, M. Frutti, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, G. Porrovecchio, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, M. Villata, C. M. Raiteri, W. P. Chen, N. V. Efimova, B. Jordan, T. S. Konstantinova, E. Koptelova, O. M. Kurtanidze, V. M. Larionov, J. A. Ros, A. C. Sadun, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, S. Balestra, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, P. Sartori, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, A. Venturini, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, V. Acciari, E. Aliu, T. Arlen, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, Y. Butt, K. Byrum, A. Cannon, A. Cesarini, Y. C. Chow, L. Ciupik, P. Cogan, P. Colin, W. Cui, M. K. Daniel, R. Dickherber, C. Duke, T. Ergin, S. J. Fegan, J. P. Finley, G. Finnegan, P. Fortin, A. Furniss, D. Gall, G. H. Gillanders, R. Guenette, G. Gyuk, J. Grube, D. Hanna, J. Holder, D. Horan, C. M. Hui, T. Brian Humensky, A. Imran, P. Kaaret, N. Karlsson, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, J. Kildea, A. Konopelko, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, S. LeBohec, G. Maier, A. McCann, M. McCutcheon, A. Milovanovic, P. Moriarty, T. Nagai, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, D. Pandel, J. S. Perkins, A. Pichel, M. Pohl, K. Ragan, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, E. Roache, H. J. Rose, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, A. W. Smith, D. Steele, S. P. Swordy, M. Theiling, J. A. Toner, L. Valcarcel, A. Varlotta, S. P. Wakely, J. E. Ward, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, S. Wissel, M. Wood, B. Zitzer, I., Donnarumma, V., Vittorini, S., Vercellone, E. D., Monte, M., Feroci, F., D'Ammando, L., Pacciani, A. W., Chen, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, G., Pucella, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, M., Villata, C. M., Raiteri, W. P., Chen, N. V., Efimova, B., Jordan, T. S., Konstantinova, E., Koptelova, O. M., Kurtanidze, V. M., Larionov, J. A., Ro, A. C., Sadun, H., Anderhub, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Backe, C., Baixera, S., Balestra, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. B., Gonzalez, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, D. B., Tridon, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, S., Covino, V., Curtef, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, E. D., Del Pozo, R. D., Reye, B. D., Lotto, M. D., Maria, F. D., Sabata, C. D., Mendez, A., Dominguez, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Elsaesser, M., Errando, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, N., Galante, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, F., Goebel, D., Hadasch, M., Hayashida, A., Herrero, D., Hohne Monch, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, S., Huber, T., Jogler, D., Kranich, A. L., Barbera, A., Laille, E., Leonardo, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldon, M., Mole, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, I., Oya, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R. G., Pegna, M. A., Perez Torre, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, F., Prada, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, M., Sanchez Conde, P., Sartori, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, A., Venturini, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, W., Wittek, V., Zabalza, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, J., Zapatero, V., Acciari, E., Aliu, T., Arlen, M., Beilicke, W., Benbow, S. M., Bradbury, J. H., Buckley, V., Bugaev, Y., Butt, K., Byrum, A., Cannon, A., Cesarini, Y. C., Chow, L., Ciupik, P., Cogan, P., Colin, W., Cui, M. K., Daniel, R., Dickherber, C., Duke, T., Ergin, S. J., Fegan, J. P., Finley, G., Finnegan, P., Fortin, A., Furni, D., Gall, G. H., Gillander, R., Guenette, G., Gyuk, J., Grube, D., Hanna, J., Holder, D., Horan, C. M., Hui, T. B., Humensky, A., Imran, P., Kaaret, N., Karlsson, M., Kertzman, D., Kieda, J., Kildea, A., Konopelko, H., Krawczynski, F., Krennrich, M. J., Lang, S., Lebohec, G., Maier, A., Mccann, M., Mccutcheon, A., Milovanovic, P., Moriarty, T., Nagai, R. A., Ong, A. N., Otte, D., Pandel, J. S., Perkin, A., Pichel, M., Pohl, K., Ragan, L. C., Reye, P. T., Reynold, E., Roache, H. J., Rose, M., Schroedter, G. H., Sembroski, A. W., Smith, D., Steele, S. P., Swordy, M., Theiling, J. A., Toner, L., Valcarcel, A., Varlotta, S. P., Wakely, J. E., Ward, T. C., Weeke, A., Weinstein, D. A., William, S., Wissel, M., Wood, B., Zitzer, Donnarumma I, Vittorini V, Vercellone S, del Monte E, Feroci M, DAmmando F, Pacciani L, Chen A W, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pucella G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo P W, Cocco V, Costa E, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Frutti M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, Villata M, Raiteri C M, Chen W P, Efimova N V, Jordan B, Konstantinova T S, Koptelova E, Kurtanidze O M, Larionov V M, Ros J A, Sadun A C, Anderhub H, Antonelli L A, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio J A, Bartko H, Bastieri D, González J Becerra, Becker J K, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock R K, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Tridon D Borla, Bosch-Ramon V, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Chilingarian A, Commichau S, Contreras J L, Cortina J, Costado M T, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, DeAngelis A, DeCea del Pozo E, de los Reyes R, DeLotto B, DeMaria M, DeSabata F, Mendez C Delgado, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca M V, Font L, Galante N, García López R J, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu C C, Huber S, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Meyer M, Miranda J M, Mirzoyan R, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes J M, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna R G, Perez-Torres M A, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Raymers A, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito T Y, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Sartori P, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shinozaki K, Shore S N, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark L S, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Tluczykont M, Torres D F, Turini N, Vankov H, Venturini A, Vitale V, Wagner R M, Wittek W, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J, Acciari V, Aliu E, Arlen T, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury S M, Buckley J H, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Cesarini A, Chow Y C, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Colin P, Cui W, Daniel M K, Dickherber R, Duke C, Ergin T, Fegan S J, Finley J P, Finnegan G, Fortin P, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders G H, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Grube J, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui C M, Humensky T Brian, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang M J, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Milovanovic A, Moriarty P, Nagai T, Ong R A, Otte A N, Pandel D, Perkins J S, Pichel A, Pohl M, Ragan K, Reyes L C, Reynolds P T, Roache E, Rose H J, Schroedter M, Sembroski G H, Smith A W, Steele D, Swordy S P, Theiling M, Toner J A, Valcarcel L, Varlotta A, Wakely S P, Ward J E, Weekes T C, Weinstein A, Williams D A, Wissel S, Wood M, and Zitzer B
Subjects: campaign, Raigs còsmics, BL Lacertae: individual: Mrk421, galaxies: jets, X-Rays: Galaxies, gamma rays: observations, radiation mechanisms: nonthermal, bl-lacertae objects, blazars, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, optical, MAGIC (telescope), Agile, blazr, X-ray, gamma, high energy observation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, webt, Physics, x-ray-spectra, Astrophysics (astro-ph), gamma-rays, lac objects, xmm-newton, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Raigs X, Electricidad, Flare, outburst, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 421) – gamma rays: observations – galaxies: jets – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal – X-rays: galaxies, Blazar, Cosmic rays, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, MAGIC telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, ddc:520, AGILE satellite, bl lacertae objects: individual (mrk 421), Energy (signal processing), Lepton
Abstract: We present optical, X-ray, high energy ($\lessapprox 30$ GeV) and very high energy ($\gtrapprox 100$ GeV; VHE) observations of the high-frequency peaked blazar Mrk 421 taken between 2008 May 24 and June 23. A high energy $\gamma$-ray signal was detected by AGILE with \sqrt{TS}=4.5 on June 9--15, with $F(E>100 \mathrm{MeV})= 42^{+14}_{-12}\times 10^{-8}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. This flaring state is brighter than the average flux observed by EGRET by a factor of $\sim$3, but still consistent with the highest EGRET flux. In hard X-rays (20-60 keV) SuperAGILE resolved a 5-day flare (June 9-15) peaking at $\sim$ 55 mCrab. SuperAGILE, RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT data show a correlated flaring structure between soft and hard X-rays. Hints of the same flaring behavior are also detected in the simultaneous optical data provided by the GASP-WEBT. A Swift/XRT observation near the flaring maximum revealed the highest 2-10 keV flux ever observed from this source, of 2.6 $\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (i.e. > 100 mCrab). A peak synchrotron energy of $\sim$3 keV was derived, higher than typical values of $\sim$0.5-1 keV. VHE observations with MAGIC and VERITAS on June 6-8 show the flux peaking in a bright state, well correlated with the X-rays. This extraordinary set of simultaneous data, covering a twelve-decade spectral range, allowed for a deep analysis of the spectral energy distribution as well as of correlated light curves. The $\gamma$-ray flare can be interpreted within the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model in terms of a rapid acceleration of leptons in the jet., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJL, 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Published: 2009

42. Upper Limits on the VHE Gamma-Ray Emission from the Willman 1 Satellite Galaxy with the Magic Telescope

Author: E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, S. Balestra, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, D. Bose, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, N. Otte, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Backe, C., Baixera, S., Balestra, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. B., Gonzalez, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, D. B., Tridon, V., Bosch Ramon, D., Bose, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, S., Covino, V., Curtef, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, E. D., del Pozo, R. d., los Reye, B. D., Lotto, M. D., Maria, F. D., Sabata, C. D., Mendez, A., Dominguez, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Elsaesser, M., Errando, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, N., Galante, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, F., Goebel, D., Hadasch, M., Hayashida, A., Herrero, D., Hohne Monch, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, S., Huber, T., Jogler, D., Kranich, A. L., Barbera, A., Laille, E., Leonardo, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldon, M., Mole, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, N., Otte, I., Oya, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R. G., Pegna, M. A., Perez Torre, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, F., Prada, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, M., Sanchez Conde, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, R. M., Wagner, W., Wittek, V., Zabalza, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, and J., Zapatero
Subjects: SUBSTRUCTURE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, DARK-MATTER ANNIHILATION, Dark matter, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, MILKY-WAY, DWARF GALAXY, GALACTIC SATELLITES, URSA-MAJOR, SEARCH, SIGNAL, HALOS, SUPERSYMMETRY, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, MAGIC telescope, Dark Matter, Cosmology:dark matter, Raigs gamma, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite galaxy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Dwarf galaxy, Physics, Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Bremsstrahlung, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, Galàxies, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray astronomy, Dark matter (Astronomy), Neutralino, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Matèria fosca (Astronomia), Electricidad
Abstract: We present the result of the observation of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Willman 1 performed with the 17 m MAGIC telescope during 15.5 hr between March and May 2008. No significant $\gamma$-ray emission was found. We derived upper limits of the order of $10^{-12}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ on the integral flux above 100 GeV, which we compare with predictions from several of the established neutralino benchmark models in the mSUGRA parameter space. The neutralino annihilation spectra are defined after including the recently quantified contribution of internal bremsstrahlung from the virtual sparticles that mediate the annihilation. Flux boost factors of three orders of magnitude are required even in the most optimistic scenario to match our upper limits. However, uncertainties in the dark matter intrinsic and extrinsic properties (e.g., presence of substructures, Sommerfeld effect) may significantly reduce this gap., Comment: (6 pages, updated to match journal version and reference, Fig. 2 corrected)
Published: 2009

43. Black hole physics. Black hole lightning due to particle acceleration at subhorizon scales

Author: J, Aleksić, S, Ansoldi, L A, Antonelli, P, Antoranz, A, Babic, P, Bangale, J A, Barrio, J, Becerra González, W, Bednarek, E, Bernardini, B, Biasuzzi, A, Biland, O, Blanch, S, Bonnefoy, G, Bonnoli, F, Borracci, T, Bretz, E, Carmona, A, Carosi, P, Colin, E, Colombo, J L, Contreras, J, Cortina, S, Covino, P, Da Vela, F, Dazzi, A, De Angelis, G, De Caneva, B, De Lotto, E, de Oña Wilhelmi, C, Delgado Mendez, D, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, M, Doro, S, Einecke, D, Eisenacher, D, Elsaesser, M V, Fonseca, L, Font, K, Frantzen, C, Fruck, D, Galindo, R J, García López, M, Garczarczyk, D, Garrido Terrats, M, Gaug, N, Godinović, A, González Muñoz, S R, Gozzini, D, Hadasch, Y, Hanabata, M, Hayashida, J, Herrera, D, Hildebrand, J, Hose, D, Hrupec, W, Idec, V, Kadenius, H, Kellermann, K, Kodani, Y, Konno, J, Krause, H, Kubo, J, Kushida, A, La Barbera, D, Lelas, N, Lewandowska, E, Lindfors, S, Lombardi, F, Longo, M, López, R, López-Coto, A, López-Oramas, E, Lorenz, I, Lozano, M, Makariev, K, Mallot, G, Maneva, N, Mankuzhiyil, K, Mannheim, L, Maraschi, B, Marcote, M, Mariotti, M, Martínez, D, Mazin, U, Menzel, J M, Miranda, R, Mirzoyan, A, Moralejo, P, Munar-Adrover, D, Nakajima, A, Niedzwiecki, K, Nilsson, K, Nishijima, K, Noda, R, Orito, A, Overkemping, S, Paiano, M, Palatiello, D, Paneque, R, Paoletti, J M, Paredes, X, Paredes-Fortuny, M, Persic, J, Poutanen, P G, Prada Moroni, E, Prandini, I, Puljak, R, Reinthal, W, Rhode, M, Ribó, J, Rico, J, Rodriguez Garcia, S, Rügamer, T, Saito, K, Saito, K, Satalecka, V, Scalzotto, V, Scapin, C, Schultz, T, Schweizer, S N, Shore, A, Sillanpää, J, Sitarek, I, Snidaric, D, Sobczynska, F, Spanier, V, Stamatescu, A, Stamerra, T, Steinbring, J, Storz, M, Strzys, L, Takalo, H, Takami, F, Tavecchio, P, Temnikov, T, Terzić, D, Tescaro, M, Teshima, J, Thaele, O, Tibolla, D F, Torres, T, Toyama, A, Treves, M, Uellenbeck, P, Vogler, R, Zanin, M, Kadler, R, Schulz, E, Ros, U, Bach, F, Krauß, and J, Wilms
Abstract: Supermassive black holes with masses of millions to billions of solar masses are commonly found in the centers of galaxies. Astronomers seek to image jet formation using radio interferometry but still suffer from insufficient angular resolution. An alternative method to resolve small structures is to measure the time variability of their emission. Here we report on gamma-ray observations of the radio galaxy IC 310 obtained with the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes, revealing variability with doubling time scales faster than 4.8 min. Causality constrains the size of the emission region to be smaller than 20% of the gravitational radius of its central black hole. We suggest that the emission is associated with pulsar-like particle acceleration by the electric field across a magnetospheric gap at the base of the radio jet.
Published: 2014

44. MAGIC search for vhe γ-ray emission from ae aquarii in a multiwavelength context

Author: D. Nakajima, P. G. Prada Moroni, Laura Maraschi, Yusuke Konno, A. López-Oramas, Alessandro Carosi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Victor Stamatescu, B. Biasuzzi, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, D. Dorner, I. Snidaric, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Bogosavljevic, E. Lorenz, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Hajime Takami, Z. Ioannou, Tomislav Terzić, Ll. Font, A.-K. Overkemping, Elina Lindfors, M. López, Julia Thaele, E. Carmona, Daniel Mazin, A. Treves, K. Nishijima, M. V. Fonseca, Abelardo Moralejo, Patrick Vogler, M. Mariotti, Thomas Bretz, S. Rügamer, Julian Sitarek, Saverio Lombardi, T. Steinbring, Louis Antonelli, Morihiro Hayashida, P. Da Vela, Pierre Colin, K. Nilsson, J. Kushida, D. Hadasch, Dorothee Hildebrand, P. Antoranz, Robert Wagner, G. De Caneva, J. Becerra González, S. Bonnefoy, C. Schultz, X. Paredes-Fortuny, T. Toyama, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, P. Munar-Adrover, Razmik Mirzoyan, M. Palatiello, I. Lozano, M. Strzys, Jose Luis Contreras, Jelena Aleksić, Silvia Preziuso, Damir Lelas, D. Galindo, D. Dominis Prester, R. Zanin, A. Niedzwiecki, A. Saggion, A. De Angelis, A. Sillanpää, Stefano Covino, Dorota Sobczyńska, V. Scapin, Juan Cortina, K. Frantzen, David Paneque, A. Biland, Diego F. Torres, Masahiro Teshima, Christopher W. Mauche, Takashi Saito, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Y. Hanabata, D. Tescaro, W. Idec, J. M. Paredes, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, D. Garrido Terrats, R. Reinthal, M. Uellenbeck, Natalia Lewandowska, Reiko Orito, Francesco Dazzi, V. Scalzotto, A. La Barbera, T. Schweizer, Ana Babić, E. V. Palaiologou, Leo O. Takalo, R. J. García López, Antonio Stamerra, Oscar Blanch, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, J. Herrera, Elisa Bernardini, H. Kellermann, G. Bonnoli, N. Mankuzhiyil, W. Rhode, Felix Spanier, K. Kodani, C. Delgado Mendez, O. Tibolla, G. Maneva, A. González Muñoz, Christian Fruck, J. Storz, Juan Abel Barrio, I. Puljak, Stefano Ansoldi, D. Eisenacher, Markus Gaug, Markus Garczarczyk, Nina Nowak, D. Elsaesser, J. Hose, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, M. Makariev, W. Bednarek, J. Rico, S. Paiano, U. Menzel, Miguel A. Pérez-Torres, M. I. Martínez, E. Colombo, P. Bangale, V. Kadenius, M. Doert, Sabrina Einecke, S. R. Gozzini, J. Rodriguez Garcia, K. Saito, Marc Ribó, Hidetoshi Kubo, F. Borracci, K. Mallot, T. Tuominen, Massimo Persic, K. Mannheim, J. Krause, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: accretion: accretion disks, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Novae: cataclysmic variables, Gamma rays: stars, Astrofísica, Accretion, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Signal region, Cataclysmic variable star, Astrophysics, Noves (Estels), Raigs gamma, Coincident, Accretion, accretion disks, Novae, cataclysmic variables, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, New stars, Novae, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, cataclysmic variables, Spectral index, accretion disks, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Stars, Estels, Wavelength, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Rayleigh test, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: It has been claimed that the nova-like cataclysmic variable (CV) AE Aquarii (AE Aqr) is a very-high-energy (VHE, $E>$100 GeV) source both on observational and theoretical grounds. We aim to search for VHE gamma-ray emission from AE Aqr during different states of the source at several wavelengths to confirm or rule out previous claims of detection of gamma-ray emission from this object. We report on observations of AE Aqr performed by MAGIC. The source was observed during 12 hours as part of a multiwavelength campaign carried out between May and June 2012 covering the optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray ranges. Besides MAGIC, the other facilities involved were the KVA, Skinakas, and Vidojevica telescopes in the optical and Swift in X-rays. We calculated integral upper limits coincident with different states of the source in the optical. We computed upper limits to the pulsed emission limiting the signal region to 30% of the phaseogram and we also searched for pulsed emission at different frequencies applying the Rayleigh test. AE Aqr was not detected at VHE energies during the multiwavelength campaign. We establish integral upper limits at the 95\% confidence level for the steady emission assuming the differential flux proportional to a power-law function d\phi/dE \propto E^{-Gamma}, with a Crab-like photon spectral index of Gamma=2.6. The upper limit above 200 GeV is 6.4\times10^{-12} cm^{-2}s^{-1} and above 1 TeV is 7.4\times10^{-13} cm^{-2}s^{-1}. We obtained an upper limit for the pulsed emission of 2.6\times10^{-12} cm^{-2}s^{-1} for energies above 200 GeV. Applying the Rayleigh test for pulsed emission at different frequencies we did not find any significant signal. Our results indicate that AE Aqr is not a VHE gamma-ray emitter at the level of emission previously claimed. We have established the most constraining upper limits for the VHE gamma-ray emission of AE Aqr., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2014

45. Calibration and performance of the photon sensor response of FACT -- The First G-APD Cherenkov telescope

Author: A Biland, T Bretz, J Buß, V Commichau, L Djambazov, D Dorner, S Einecke, D Eisenacher, J Freiwald, O Grimm, H von Gunten, C Haller, C Hempfling, D Hildebrand, G Hughes, U Horisberger, M L Knoetig, T Krähenbühl, W Lustermann, E Lyard, K Mannheim, K Meier, S Mueller, D Neise, A -K Overkemping, A Paravac, F Pauss, W Rhode, U Röser, J -P Stucki, T Steinbring, F Temme, J Thaele, P Vogler, R Walter, and Q Weitzel
Subjects: Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, APDS, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma telescopes, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Cherenkov detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state)(PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc), Gamma detectors, Optics, law, Calibration, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, chemistry, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) is the first in-operation test of the performance of silicon photo detectors in Cherenkov Astronomy. For more than two years it is operated on La Palma, Canary Islands (Spain), for the purpose of long-term monitoring of astrophysical sources. For this, the performance of the photo detectors is crucial and therefore has been studied in great detail. Special care has been taken for their temperature and voltage dependence implementing a correction method to keep their properties stable. Several measurements have been carried out to monitor the performance. The measurements and their results are shown, demonstrating the stability of the gain below the percent level. The resulting stability of the whole system is discussed, nicely demonstrating that silicon photo detectors are perfectly suited for the usage in Cherenkov telescopes, especially for long-term monitoring purpose., Journal of Instrumentation, 9 (10), ISSN:1748-0221
Published: 2014

46. FACT -- Operation of the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope

Author: T. Bretz, A. Biland, J. Buss, V. Commichau, L. Djambazov, D. Dorner, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher, J. Freiwald, O. Grimm, H. von Gunten, C. Haller, C. Hempfling, D. Hildebrand, G. Hughes, U. Horisberger, M. L. Knoetig, T. Krahenbuhl, W. Lustermann, E. Lyard, K. Mannheim, K. Meier, S. Mueller, D. Neise, A.-K. Overkemping, A. Paravac, F. Pauss, W. Rhode, U. Roser, J.-P. Stucki, T. Steinbring, F. Temme, J. Thaele, P. Vogler, R. Walter, and Q. Weitzel
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, law, Resistor, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Voltage drop, Cherenkov radiation, Diode, Voltage
Abstract: Since more than two years, the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) is operating successfully at the Canary Island of La Palma. Apart from its purpose to serve as a monitoring facility for the brightest TeV blazars, it was built as a major step to establish solid state photon counters as detectors in Cherenkov astronomy. The camera of the First G-APD Cherenkov Telesope comprises 1440 Geiger-mode avalanche photo diodes (G-APD aka. MPPC or SiPM) for photon detection. Since properties as the gain of G-APDs depend on temperature and the applied voltage, a real-time feedback system has been developed and implemented. To correct for the change introduced by temperature, several sensors have been placed close to the photon detectors. Their read out is used to calculate a corresponding voltage offset. In addition to temperature changes, changing current introduces a voltage drop in the supporting resistor network. To correct changes in the voltage drop introduced by varying photon flux from the night-sky background, the current is measured and the voltage drop calculated. To check the stability of the G-APD properties, dark count spectra with high statistics have been taken under different environmental conditions and been evaluated. The maximum data rate delivered by the camera is about 240 MB/s. The recorded data, which can exceed 1 TB in a moonless night, is compressed in real-time with a proprietary loss-less algorithm. The performance is better than gzip by almost a factor of two in compression ratio and speed. In total, two to three CPU cores are needed for data taking. In parallel, a quick-look analysis of the recently recorded data is executed on a second machine. Its result is publicly available within a few minutes after the data were taken. [...], Comment: 19th IEEE Real-Time Conference, Nara, Japan (2014)
Published: 2014
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47. Very high energy gamma-ray observations of strong flaring activity in M87 in 2008 February

Author: J. Albert, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, S. Mizobuchi, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, N. Otte, I. Oya, M. Panniello, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, P. Sartori, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, A. Venturini, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, Universitat de Barcelona, J., Albert, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Backe, C., Baixera, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, S., Covino, V., Curtef, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, E. D., del Pozo, R. D. L., Reye, B. D., Lotto, M. D., Maria, F. D., Sabata, C. D., Mendez, A., Dominguez, D., Dorner, M., Doro, M., Errando, M., Fagiolini, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, N., Galante, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, F., Goebel, M., Hayashida, A., Herrero, D., Hohne, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, S., Huber, T., Jogler, D., Kranich, A. L., Barbera, A., Laille, E., Leonardo, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, S., Mizobuchi, M., Mole, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, N., Otte, I., Oya, M., Panniello, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R. G., Pegna, M. A., Perez Torre, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, A., Piccioli, F., Prada, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, M., Sanchez Conde, P., Sartori, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, A., Venturini, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, W., Wittek, V., Zabalza, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, and J., Zapatero
Subjects: Photon, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, galaxies: individual: M 87, law.invention, gamma rays, Gamma Rays: Observations, Raigs gamma, law, Radio Galaxies, Radio Galaxie, Blazar, Physics, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, MAGIC telescope, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Monitoring program, Galàxies, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Flare
Abstract: M87 is the only known non blazar radio galaxy to emit very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays. During a monitoring program of M87, a rapid flare in VHE gamma-rays was detected by the MAGIC telescope in early 2008. The flux was found to be variable above 350 GeV on a timescale as short as 1 day at a significance level of $5.6\sigma$. The highest measured flux reached 15% of the Crab Nebula flux. We observed several substantial changes of the flux level during the 13 day observing period. The flux at lower energies (150 -- 350 GeV), instead, is compatible with being constant. The energy spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index of $2.30 \pm 0.11_\mathrm{stat} \pm 0.20_\mathrm{syst}$. The observed day-scale flux variability at VHE prefers the M87 core as source of the emission and implies that either the emission region is very compact (just a few Schwarzschild radii) or the Doppler factor of the emitting blob is rather large in the case of a non expanding emission region., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, small changes to fit the ApJL version
Published: 2008

48. Discovery of a very high energy gamma-ray signal from the 3C 66A/B region

Author: E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, S. Balestra, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, N. Otte, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, P. Sartori, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, A. Venturini, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Backe, C., Baixera, S., Balestra, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. B., Gonzalez, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, D. B., Tridon, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, S., Covino, V., Curtef, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, E. D., del Pozo, R. d., los Reye, B. D., Lotto, M. D., Maria, F. D., Sabata, C. D., Mendez, A., Dominguez, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Elsaesser, M., Errando, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, N., Galante, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, F., Goebel, D., Hadasch, M., Hayashida, A., Herrero, D., Hohne Monch, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, S., Huber, T., Jogler, D., Kranich, A. L., Barbera, A., Laille, E., Leonardo, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldon, M., Mole, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, N., Otte, I., Oya, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R. G., Pegna, M. A., Perez Torre, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, F., Prada, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, M., Sanchez Conde, P., Sartori, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, A., Venturini, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, W., Wittek, V., Zabalza, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, J., Zapatero, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Photon, gamma ray astronomy, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, Radio galaxy, ISM: individual: MAGIC J0223+430, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Signal, Raigs gamma, Observacions astronòmiques, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 3C 66A, gamma rays: observations, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Active Galactic Nuclei, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Galàxies, MAGIC telescope, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Celestial coordinate system, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astronomical observations
Abstract: The MAGIC telescope observed the region around the distant blazar 3C 66A for 54.2 h in 2007 August-December. The observations resulted in the discovery of a gamma-ray source at energies above 150 GeV centered at celestial coordinates RA=2h23m12s and DEC=43deg0.7' (MAGIC J0223+430), coinciding with the nearby radio galaxy 3C 66B. A possible association of the excess with the blazar 3C 66A is discussed. The energy spectrum of MAGIC J0223+430 follows a power law with a normalization of (1.7+-0.3_(stat)+-0.6_(syst)) 10^(-11) TeV^(-1)cm^(-2)s^(-1) at 300 GeV and a photon index Gamma=-3.10+-0.31_(stat)+-0.2_(syst). No significant variability of the signal was found during the observation period., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL. Small corrections
Published: 2008
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49. Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the low-frequency peaked BL Lacertae object BL Lacertae

Author: J. Albert, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, P. Antoranz, A. Armada, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, P. Bordas, V. Bosch Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, J. A. Coarasa, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, V. Curtef, V. Danielyan, F. Dazzi, A. D. Angelis, C. Delgado, R. D. L. Reyes, B. D. Lotto, E. Domingo Santamaria, D. Dorner, M. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernandez, R. Firpo, J. Flix, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, M. Fuchs, N. Galante, R. Garcia Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giller, F. Goebel, D. Hakobyan, M. Hayashida, T. Hengstebeck, A. Herrero, D. Hohne, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, P. Jacon, T. Jogler, R. Kosyra, D. Kranich, R. Kritzer, A. Laille, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, J. Lopez, M. Lopez, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, O. Mansutti, M. Mariotti, M. Martinez, D. Mazin, C. Merck, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, S. Mizobuchi, A. Moralejo, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, E. Ona Wilhelmi, N. Otte, I. Oya, D. Paneque, M. Panniello, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. Pegna, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, M. Poller, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rugamer, A. Saggion, A. Sanchez, P. Sartori, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, R. Schmitt, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sillanpaa, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, N. Tonello, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, T. Wibig, W. Wittek, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, LONGO, FRANCESCO, J., Albert, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, P., Antoranz, A., Armada, C., Baixera, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, P., Borda, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, J. A., Coarasa, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, V., Curtef, V., Danielyan, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, C., Delgado, R. D. L., Reye, B. D., Lotto, E., Domingo Santamaria, D., Dorner, M., Doro, M., Errando, M., Fagiolini, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, J., Flix, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, M., Fuch, N., Galante, R., Garcia Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giller, F., Goebel, D., Hakobyan, M., Hayashida, T., Hengstebeck, A., Herrero, D., Hohne, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, P., Jacon, T., Jogler, R., Kosyra, D., Kranich, R., Kritzer, A., Laille, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, J., Lopez, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, K., Mannheim, O., Mansutti, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, C., Merck, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, S., Mizobuchi, A., Moralejo, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, E., Ona Wilhelmi, N., Otte, I., Oya, D., Paneque, M., Panniello, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R., Pegna, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, A., Piccioli, M., Poller, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, A., Sanchez, P., Sartori, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, R., Schmitt, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sillanpaa, D., Sobczynska, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, N., Tonello, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, T., Wibig, W., Wittek, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, and J., Zapatero
Subjects: High energy, Photon, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Low frequency, Observacions astronòmiques, Gamma ray astronomy, Galaxies: individual: BL Lacertae, Astronomia de raigs gamma, MAGIC (telescope), Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei, Light curve, MAGIC telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, BL Lac object, Astronomical observations
Abstract: The MAGIC collaboration observed BL Lacertae for 22.2 hr during 2005 August to December and for 26 hr during 2006 July to September. The source is the historical prototype and eponym of a class of low-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (LBL) objects. A very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray signal was discovered with a 5.1 sigma excess in the 2005 data. Above 200 GeV, an integral flux of 0.6+-0.2 x 10^(-11) cm^(-2) s^(-1) was measured, corresponding to approximately 3% of the Crab flux. The differential spectrum between 150 and 900 GeV is rather steep with a photon index of -3.6+-0.5. The light curve shows no significant variability during the observations in 2005. For the first time a clear detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from an LBL object was obtained with a signal below previous upper limits. The 2006 data show no significant excess. This drop in flux follows the observed trend in optical activity., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 4 pages, 5 figures, Figure-5 revised, Minor corrections following the referee report
Published: 2007

50. Discovery of very high energy gamma-rays from 1ES 1011+496 at z=0.212

Author: J. Albert, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, P. Antoranz, A. Armada, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, P. Bordas, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, J. A. Coarasa, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, V. Curtef, V. Danielyan, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, C. Delgado, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, E. Domingo-Santamaría, D. Dorner, M. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, J. Flix, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, M. Fuchs, N. Galante, R. J. García-López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giller, F. Goebel, D. Hakobyan, M. Hayashida, T. Hengstebeck, A. Herrero, D. Höhne, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, P. Jacon, T. Jogler, R. Kosyra, D. Kranich, R. Kritzer, A. Laille, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, J. López, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, O. Mansutti, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, C. Merck, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, S. Mizobuchi, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, E. Oña-Wilhelmi, N. Otte, I. Oya, D. Paneque, M. Panniello, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. Pegna, E. Perlman, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Saito, A. Sánchez, P. Sartori, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, R. Schmitt, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sillanpää, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, T. Wibig, W. Wittek, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, J., Albert, E., Aliu, H., Anderhub, P., Antoranz, A., Armada, C., Baixera, J. A., Barrio, H., Bartko, D., Bastieri, J. K., Becker, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, R. K., Bock, P., Borda, V., Bosch Ramon, T., Bretz, I., Britvitch, M., Camara, E., Carmona, A., Chilingarian, J. A., Coarasa, S., Commichau, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, M. T., Costado, V., Curtef, V., Danielyan, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, C., Delgado, R. D., Reye, B. D., Lotto, E., Domingo Santamaria, D., Dorner, M., Doro, M., Errando, M., Fagiolini, D., Ferenc, E., Fernandez, R., Firpo, J., Flix, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, M., Fuch, N., Galante, R. J., Garcia Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giller, F., Goebel, D., Hakobyan, M., Hayashida, T., Hengstebeck, A., Herrero, D., Hohne, J., Hose, C. C., Hsu, P., Jacon, T., Jogler, R., Kosyra, D., Kranich, R., Kritzer, A., Laille, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, Longo, Francesco, J., Lopez, M., Lopez, E., Lorenz, P., Majumdar, G., Maneva, K., Mannheim, O., Mansutti, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, D., Mazin, C., Merck, M., Meucci, M., Meyer, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, S., Mizobuchi, A., Moralejo, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, J., Ninkovic, E., Ona Wilhelmi, N., Otte, I., Oya, D., Paneque, M., Panniello, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, M., Pasanen, D., Pascoli, F., Pau, R., Pegna, E., Perlman, M., Persic, L., Peruzzo, A., Piccioli, E., Prandini, N., Puchade, A., Raymer, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, M., Rissi, A., Robert, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, T., Saito, A., Sanchez, P., Sartori, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, R., Schmitt, T., Schweizer, M., Shayduk, K., Shinozaki, S. N., Shore, N., Sidro, A., Sillanpaa, D., Sobczynska, A., Stamerra, L. S., Stark, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, D. F., Torre, N., Turini, H., Vankov, V., Vitale, R. M., Wagner, T., Wibig, W., Wittek, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, and J., Zapatero
Subjects: Photon, Absorption spectroscopy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray astronomy, Cosmic rays, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, quasars: individual (1ES 1011+496), Gamma Rays: Observations, Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei, Redshift, Galaxy, MAGIC telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, BL Lac object, Visible spectrum
Abstract: We report on the discovery of Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object 1ES1011+496. The observation was triggered by an optical outburst in March 2007 and the source was observed with the MAGIC telescope from March to May 2007. Observing for 18.7 hr we find an excess of 6.2 sigma with an integrated flux above 200 GeV of (1.58$\pm0.32) 10^{-11}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The VHE gamma-ray flux is >40% higher than in March-April 2006 (reported elsewhere), indicating that the VHE emission state may be related to the optical emission state. We have also determined the redshift of 1ES1011+496 based on an optical spectrum that reveals the absorption lines of the host galaxy. The redshift of z=0.212 makes 1ES1011+496 the most distant source observed to emit VHE gamma-rays up to date., 4 pages, 6 figures, minor changes to fit the ApJ version
Published: 2007

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