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Acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a member of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) family, widely promoting embryonic development, wound healing, vascular regeneration, nerve injury repair, as well as regulating immune metabolism. Many pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, neovascularization, proliferation and migration of repair cells, and deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix are involved in the process of wound healing. Based on the relevant literature in recent years, this article mainly reviews the research progresses on the roles and mechanism of aFGF in biological signal transduction, regulation of cell growth, and involvement in tissue repair, and discusses the current research hot spots as well as the prospective future direction of clinical applications of aFGF in the aspect of clinical pharmacokinetics and safety.酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（aFGF）是成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）家族成员之一，具有广泛地促进胚胎发育、创面愈合、血管再生、神经损伤修复，以及调控免疫代谢的作用。创面愈合包含了炎症反应、新生血管形成、修复细胞的增殖与迁移、胶原等ECM的沉积等病理生理过程。该文在查阅近年来相关文献的基础上，围绕aFGF在传导生物信号、调节细胞生长、参与组织修复中的作用及相关机制研究进展进行综述，并从临床药代动力学和安全性角度，对aFGF的当前研究热点和未来临床应用方向进行展望。.

At present, a variety of biocompatible materials have been applied in treating diabetic wounds, and some biocompatible materials have played an important role. Although biocompatible materials have advantages such as decreasing exposure and tension of wounds, and providing microenvironment to stimulate cell proliferation and migration, they also have disadvantages such as unstable effects and unclear mechanism. Therefore, this article reviews the recent advances on the biocompatible materials for the treatment of diabetic wounds, and discusses the possible development directions in the field of biocompatible materials.目前多种生物相容性材料已经被应用于糖尿病创面的治疗中，且部分生物相容性材料发挥了重要作用。虽然生物相容性材料具有减少创面暴露、创面张力，提供促进细胞增殖、迁移的微环境等优点，但是仍然存在效果不稳定、机制不明确的不足。因此，本文综述了近期将生物相容性材料用于治疗糖尿病创面的进展，并讨论了生物相容性材料领域可能的发展方向。.

Background There is no consensus nor recommendation for the surgical management of a minimally dilated adjacent aortic segment, such as the proximal aortic arch, at the time of proximal aortic aneurysm repair. Consequently, clinical equipoise exists regarding whether to extend the proximal aortic aneurysm repair to include the proximal aortic arch, by performing a hemiarch replacement, to mitigate the future risk of aortic aneurysm-related events in the proximal aortic arch. We hypothesized that additional hemiarch replacement to excise a non- or minimally aneurysmal proximal aortic arch does not have clinical benefit in patients undergoing proximal aortic aneurysm repair. Purpose To compare the long-term survival and freedom from aortic-arch reoperation in patients undergoing proximal aortic aneurysm repair with and without additional hemiarch replacement. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing proximal aortic aneurysm repair at our Aortic Center between 2005 and 2019. Inclusion criteria included all patients with a diagnosed root or ascending aortic aneurysm undergoing root or ascending aortic replacement with or without hemiarch replacement. Exclusion criteria were Age Results Hemiarch patients had a significantly lower 10-year survival rate (86.7%; 95% CI, 79.2–94.8 in non-hemiarch vs 81.9%; 95% CI, 75.9–88.3 in hemiarch; P=0.005). There was no significant difference in 10- year cumulative incidence of aortic-arch reintervention (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.3–1.9 in non-hemiarch vs 0.69%; 95% CI, 0.17–2.75 in hemiarch; P=0.99). Hemiarch patients had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (1% in non-hemiarch vs 4% in hemiarch; P Conclusions Proximal aortic aneurysm repair with additional hemiarch was associated with higher mortality without a decrease in aortic-arch reintervention rates compared to isolated proximal aortic aneurysm repair. Furthermore, aortic arch reintervention rate was extremely low. These data call for caution in adding hemiarch replacement at the time of proximal aortic aneurysm repair. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institute of Heath (NIH) 5T35HL007616-40 grant Matched Cohort: KM Survival CurveMatched Cohort: Cumulative Incidence

At present, there is no special rapid cooling device for burn injury site in field battle training environment. To solve this problem, our research team designed a rapid cooling device for burns in field battle training. Based on the principle of rapid cooling of liquid nitrogen, the device monitors the temperature of the wound surface to regulate the release of liquid nitrogen so as to reduce the wound temperature. The device is simple in design, light in material, small in size, easy to carry, and can be used in various parts of the body. In addition, it is easy to operate and is expected to deliver a rapid cooling effect on the burn injury site to avoid the secondary damage caused by heat conduction to deep tissue.目前尚未见野战训练环境中专用的烧伤部位快速降温装置，针对此问题，本研究团队设计了一款野战训练中烧伤用快速降温装置。该装置利用液氮快速降温的原理，通过温度监测仪监测创面温度以调节液氮的释放，以达到降低创面温度的目的。该装置设计简单、材料轻便、体积小，便于携带，可用于身体各个部位，且操作便捷，预计可对烧伤部位起到快速降温的效果，以避免热力向深层组织传导所致的继发性损伤。.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in critical patients. Both excessive inflammatory response and long-term immunosuppression can lead to the death of sepsis patients. As a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays an important role in the body's inflammatory response and immune system. The signal transduction of IL-17 is a key link in maintaining the body's health and participating in the onset and development of sepsis. This review mainly summarizes and discusses the regulation of IL-17 signal transduction and pathogenic and protective role of IL-17 in sepsis.脓毒症依然是危重症患者的主要死亡原因之一，而过度的炎症反应和长期的免疫抑制均可导致脓毒症患者死亡。白细胞介素17（IL-17）作为关键的促炎性细胞因子，在机体的炎症反应和免疫系统中发挥着重要的作用。信号转导是IL-17在维持机体健康及参与脓毒症疾病发生发展中的关键环节。本文重点归纳讨论IL-17的信号转导调控，及IL-17在脓毒症中的致病和保护作用。.

Hypertrophic scars and keloids are common sequelae after wound healing, with a high incidence, which seriously affect the patient's quality of life. However, there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods, mainly because the pathogenesis of scars is not clear. Current research believe that inflammatory response plays a critical role in the process of scar formation, and through the researches on the mechanisms it is hopeful to find new potential therapeutic drug targets for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. This article mainly reviews the research progresses on the role and mechanism of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids, as well as drugs, microRNAs, and exosomes, etc., for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids by inhibiting inflammatory response.增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩是创面愈合后常见的后遗症，发生率高，严重影响患者生活质量，而目前仍缺少有效的预防和治疗方法，主要原因在于瘢痕发生机制尚不明确。目前研究认为，炎症反应在瘢痕形成过程中发挥重要作用，通过对其作用机制的研究，有望寻找预防和治疗增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的新的药物靶点。本文主要就炎症因子、炎症细胞在增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩形成过程中的作用及机制，以及通过抑制炎症反应治疗增生性瘢痕与瘢痕疙瘩的药物、微小RNA、外泌体等的研究进展进行综述。.

The scar contracture of Achilles tendon in burn patients after operation is easy to cause " foot drop" , which leads to ankle dorsiflexion dysfunction. To solve this problem, the authors designed and made a static progressive ankle foot orthosis. The foot support part and the crus support part of the orthotic device are connected by rivets, and the distal end of the foot support part and the proximal end of the crus support part are pulled by the traction belt on both sides, gradually improving the ankle dorsiflexion function. This static progressive ankle foot orthosis is simple, practical, cost-effective, and worthy of clinical promotion.烧伤患者术后跟腱部位的瘢痕挛缩极易形成足下垂，导致踝关节背屈功能障碍。针对此问题，笔者自行设计、制作了一款静态进展性踝足矫形器。该矫形器足底支撑部分与小腿支撑部分由铆钉连接，两侧的牵拉带牵拉足底支撑部分远心端与小腿支撑部分近心端，从而循序渐进地改善踝关节背屈功能。此静态进展性踝足矫形器制作简单、实用性强、经济有效，值得临床推广。.

For effective resistance to virus attack and infection and reducing virus transmission chance, it is extremely important for the medical staff and related workers to have their own safe protection. The paper summarizes the occurrence causes, common locations, and prevention ways about the device related pressure ulcers on the face resulted from wearing medical-grade protective equipment for a long working time. The paper proposes the prevention and nursing strategies for device related pressure ulcers and other related skin injuries during application of medical-grade protective equipment. The paper aims to provide reference for the prevention and nursing of device related pressure ulcers and related skin diseases for clinical medical staff, especially to the respectable personnel in front line of fighting against coronavirus disease 2019.为有效抵抗病毒侵袭和感染，降低病毒传播概率，医护人员及相关工作人员做好自身防护工作异常重要。本文总结了长时间佩戴医用级别防护用具过程中，面部器械相关压疮发生的原因、常见部位、预防方法，提出在应用医用级别防护用具时，发生的器械相关压疮及相关皮肤疾病的预防和护理策略。本文旨在为临床医护人员，特别是为正在抗击新冠肺炎疫情一线的人员器械相关压疮及相关皮肤疾病的预防和护理提供参考。.

Sternotomy is a routine surgical pathway for heart, lung, and mediastinal surgery. Poststernotomy dehiscence is a common complication of sternotomy, in which infection after poststernotomy dehiscence is one of the most serious postoperative complications in cardiothoracic surgery. Previously, conventional dressing, negative pressure wound therapy, and skin stretching device were used in the treatment of poststernotomy dehiscence, but the outcome of each single method was poor, which caused great pain and burden to the patients and their families. In recent years, tissue flap containing rich blood supply has drawn a lot of attention because of its good wound cover, stable thoracic reconstruction, low infection recurrence rate, and less postoperative complication. In this paper, we reviewed the epidemiological characteristics of poststernotomy dehiscence, and summarized the various classifications for poststernotomy dehiscence and the therapeutic effects of different tissue flap repair. We hope that this review would provide a basis for further construction of the treatment system for poststernotomy dehiscence and the formation of a treatment guideline.胸骨切开术是心脏、肺脏及纵隔手术中常规的手术路径，而胸骨切开术后裂开是胸骨切开术的常见并发症，其中胸骨切开术后裂开感染是胸心外科常见的术后严重并发症之一。以往胸骨切开术后裂开多采用常规换药、负压伤口疗法、皮肤牵张器等治疗，但这些方法单独应用疗效欠佳，给患者及其家庭造成巨大的痛苦和负担。近几年，采用具有丰富血供的组织瓣修复胸骨切开术后裂开因创面覆盖良好、胸廓重建稳固、感染复发率低及术后并发症少等优势备受关注。本综述回顾了胸骨切开术后裂开的流行病学特点，并且总结了胸骨切开术后裂开的各种分类方法、不同组织瓣修复术的治疗效果。希望通过本综述，为进一步构建胸骨切开术后裂开治疗体系、形成具体救治指南提供依据。.

If the abdominal pedicled flaps are not well fixed after repair of deep electric burn wounds in hands, many problems such as poor blood supply may occur. In order to solve the above problems, we designed and manufactured the individualized low temperature thermoplastic plate combined with special abdominal band to fix abdominal pedicled flaps for repairing of 17 patients (12 males and 5 females, aged 2-35 years) with deep electric burn wounds in hands from February 2016 to August 2018, and achieved the desired results. The shoulder joint, elbow joint, and wrist joint were fixed by low temperature thermoplastic plate according to the 1/2 circumference of the patient's side chest and upper arm, and the braking of wrist joint and elbow joint was strengthened by special abdominal band. Application of the combined method of fixing abdominal pedicled flaps in repairing deep electric burn wounds in hands has high success rate of flap transplantation. It is simple to make and practical, and worthy of clinical promotion.腹部带蒂皮瓣修复手部深度电烧伤创面后若固定不佳，易出现血运不畅等诸多问题。为解决上述问题，笔者于2016年2月—2018年8月，自行设计、制作个体化低温热塑板结合特制腹带用于固定17例患者(男12例、女5例，年龄2～35岁)手部深度电烧伤创面的腹部带蒂皮瓣，达到预期效果。根据患者侧胸及上臂的1/2围径用低温热塑板设计、塑形，固定肩关节、肘关节、腕关节；再用特制腹带加固制动腕关节、肘关节。采用该联合方法固定修复手部深度电烧伤创面的腹部带蒂皮瓣，皮瓣移植手术的成功率高，且制作简单、实用性强，值得临床推广。.

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue, and they have potentials of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. Compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, ASCs have many advantages, such as easy access, easy cultivation, and abundant content, which are valuable seed cells in the field of repair and reconstruction. In recent years, with the deepening of the researches on differentiation, regulation, and function of ASCs, the clinical application of ASCs has gradually increased with good therapeutic effects.脂肪干细胞(ASC)是来源于脂肪组织的间充质干细胞，具有自我更新和多向分化潜能。与骨髓间充质干细胞相比，ASC具有易于获取、便于培养、含量丰富等优点，是修复重建领域有应用价值的种子细胞。近年来随着对分化调控和功能研究不断深入，ASC的临床应用逐渐增多，取得了较好的治疗效果。.

This article briefly introduces the development history of Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University (the former the Fourth Military Medical University) since its establishment more than 60 years ago. The medical staff of the department have been adhering to the treatment concept of the older generation of experts and professors, applying the principles and methods of plastic surgery to the treatment of deep burn wounds. Furthermore, the new techniques in the field of flap surgery, microsurgery, and minimally invasive surgery are applied to repair various complex wounds after burn/trauma and severe scar deformities. Our department has formed our own distinctive technical features and contributed to the development of burn cause in China.本文简要介绍了空军军医大学(原第四军医大学)西京医院烧伤与皮肤外科创建60余年来的发展史。一代代科室医务工作者在秉承老一辈专家教授的救治理念，将整形外科的原则及方法应用到深度烧伤创面处理中的同时，进一步将皮瓣外科、显微外科及微创外科等相关领域的新技术，用于多种烧创伤复杂创面及严重瘢痕畸形的修复中，形成了自身鲜明的技术特色，为推动我国烧伤事业的发展贡献了力量。.

Recently, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a rising technology to improve wound healing. In clinical application, it benefits fast debridement and wound close, limits infection, and promotes wound healing. It is an effective therapy for all kinds of acute or chronic wound. Currently, researches demonstrate that NPWT promotes angiogenesis, granulation tissue growth, and extracellular matrix remodeling through regulating the signaling of anti-inflammatory cytokines, mechanicalreceptor and chemoreceptor, which is related to several growth factors and inflammatory factors. Here we focus on the recent advances in the mechanism of NPWT in promoting wound healing, looking forward to providing a review of NPWT and related researches.

Scar is a common complication in wound healing process, and how to effectively prevent and treat it is a hot and difficult problem in burns and plastic surgery field. Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin that has been widely and effectively used in the cosmetic surgery field such as anti-wrinkle and thin face. In recent years, botulinum toxin type A has been applied in prevention and treatment of scar, which causes a great concern. Nowadays, the relevant reports have gradually increased, and the mechanisms have been explored more deeply. This article aims to summarize the possible mechanisms and clinical reports on the prevention and treatment of scar by botulinum toxin type A to provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of scar after surgery.

The therapeutic methods and effects have been improved greatly in the past few decades for burn care and management with several important advancements which have resulted in more effective patient stabilization and significantly decreased mortality in China. However, the challenges still exist, such as how to further improve the recovery of the patients' appearance and function, and how to advance the treatment of severe deep extensive burn injury, etc. The theory of holistic integrative medicine (HIM) provides a new opportunity for the development of clinical medicine. This article emphasizes the important roles of HIM in exploration of burn medicine, considering the advanced development of modern life sciences and relevant techniques.

Several lines of evidence indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction under the metabolic syndrome condition is the leading cause of cardiovascular events. Calcium is an important stimulus for vasoconstriction and plays a pivotal role in the development of hypertension. Here, we investigate whether a relationship exists between metabolic syndrome-induced mitochondrial ROS overproduction and Ang II-mediated Ca2+ release in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The effect of mitochondrial ROS on AT1 expression, and Ca2+ and IP3 generation was studied in 2 VSMC models of metabolic syndrome using fura-2/AM probes and ELISA-based assay. Ang II-mediated aortic ring contraction in SD rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD) was measured using a force transducer connected to chart recorder. In the metabolic syndrome, almost 2-fold increased mitochondrial O2 - significantly upregulated AT1 expressions by ~60%, companied by elevated Ca2+ and IP3 levels in VSMC and enhanced aortic rings contraction. All these increments were blocked by rotenone (inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I), ruthenium red (inhibitor of calcium uniporter), cyclosporin A (inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability pore), and N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, in the states of metabolic syndrome, ROS overproduction in mitochondrial complex I enhances Ang II-mediated vascular contraction via an AT1-dependent pathway. In addition, the import of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria via calcium uniporter and mitochondrial permeability pore seems to serve as a mechanism to further aggravate mitochondrial damage and vascular dysfunction that may contribute to the occurrence of hypertension.

Patients with severe burn are characterized by strong oxidative stress and intense inflammatory response, which will cause metabolic disorder. Therefore, nutrition therapy is very important for severe burn. Nutrition therapy includes enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition, and EN has the unique advantages. In recent years, more and more researchers focused on the EN for severe burn injuries, but there were still some confusing problems needing to solve. This article reviews the recent research about nutrition therapy for severe burn, including the route of feeding, energy requirements, and supplements of protein, carbohydrates, and microelements, and so on, so as to clarify some confusing questions about nutrition therapy for severe burn in clinical practice.

The therapeutic methods and effects have been improved greatly in burn care and management with several important advancements in the past few decades, resulting in more effective patient stabilization and significantly decreased mortality in China. However, the challenging clinical problems still exist, such as a lack of ideally efficient scheme and drugs to protect damaged tissue and internal organs after severe burn, the limited functional cosmetic outcomes of current treatment techniques and synthetic skin substitutes for deep burn wound repair and reconstruction, the high mortality of severe sepsis accompanying with burn injury patients, and the uncontrolled scar formation and modification or potential regeneration in burn wound healing, a further exploration into both underling mechanisms and curable therapies. This article emphasizes the important roles of the basic study in exploration of above clinical issues in the viewpoint of the advanced development of modern life sciences and relevant techniques.

Burn surgery in the 21st century is now facing both serious challenges and opportunities for development. Interlacing of different disciplines is not only the source of scientific innovation and development in science of burn surgery, but also the trend of advancement of the discipline in the future. Therefore, it is imperative that burn surgery should strengthen multidisciplinary cooperation in order to develop new treatment concept and technology, widen and deepen basic researches with interdisciplinary methodology, and combine the translational medicine, integration medicine, and precision medicine, in order to form the salient feature of discipline of burn surgery.

Extracellular cysteine (Cys)/cystine (CySS) redox potential (Eh) plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and an alteration of redox state occurs in various physiological conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and aging. This study was designed to determine whether a variation in extracellular redox state would alter the function of insulin-resistant PC12 cells. Various redox states were established by providing different extracellular Cys/CySS Eh to insulin-resistant PC12 cells. We intensively investigated the relationship between redox state and catecholamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells, and evaluated the changes in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), catecholamine (CA) synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressions, and the activity of rate-limiting enzyme in CA synthesis by using DCF-fluorescence, HPLC, and the real-time PCR, respectively. We also determined the protein levels of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox sensitive transcription factor, using an ELISA assay. We found that the oxidized Cys/CySS Eh (0 mV) pretreatment decreased CA, TH, and Nrf2 levels, but induced ROS overproduction. Insulin induced a significant increase in CA synthesis and ROS production, blocked by more reducing redox conditions. The paradox of CA and TH alterations between insulin and 0 mV groups may be attributed to degree of redox imbalance as evidenced by different ROS levels in 2 groups, which is further confirmed by CA alterations in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, dithiole-3-thione (D3T, an inducer of Nrf2) corrected 0 mV-induced TH inhibition. In conclusion, CA biosynthesis in insulin-resistant PC12 cells could be influenced by extracellular Cys/CySS redox effects on cellular redox sensitive transcription factors.

The brain stem and the spinal cord were isolated from 0-4-day-old rats, placed in a bath and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in vitro. Spontaneous rhythmic neural activity could be recorded from phrenic (C4v, C5v) and hypoglossal nerves (XII). By microsection of medulla of medulla-spinal preparation, rhythmical respiratory discharge activity (RRDA) of C4v, C5v and XII were observed.Medulla-spinal preparation survival about six to eight hours when preparation was perfused continuously with aCSF. RRDA of C4v or C5v and XII was synchronous and continued about four to six hours. RRDA of C4v or C5v and XII could not be perturbed until a level of 500 microm rostral to obex was reached when cutting brain stem coronally in a rostral-to-caudal direction, and until a horizontal plane at middle level was reached when cutting brain stem dorsal-ventrally from dorsal surface of the stem. RRDA of XII also could not be perturbed until a level just caudal to the caudalis root of the XII (50 micro m caudal to the obex) when cutting brain stem caudal-rostrally. Frequency of respiration gradually decreased and amplitude of RRDA gradully enhanced when pH of fluid perfused from 7.45 up to 7.85, and RRDA enhanced when from 7.35 down to 6.85 and ceased when 4.5 RRDA enhanced when temperature of fluid perfused from 27 degrees C up to 37 degrees C, and decreased when from 38 degrees C up to 41 degrees C and when from 27 degrees C down to 23 degrees C, and ceased when 42 degrees C or 22 degrees C.A respiratory rhythm generating site is located in mNRF, there are neurons those are susceptible to change of pH and temperature in mNRF.

To review the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the course of healing in wounded skin.The recent literatures on MMP-1 in skin wound repair were reviewed, which gave the insight into the local effect of MMP-1 during re-epithelialization.Following injury, basal keratinocytes, moving from the wound edge and interact with dermal matrix proteins in the wound bed, were induced to express MMP-1 in a specific space-time pattern. MMP-1 cleaved the collagen, thereby altering its structure and affinity by which the keratinocytes binded it. MMP-1 served a beneficial role in wound healing by facilitating the proliferation and movement of keratinocytes over the collagen-rich wound bed during re-epithelialization.MMP-1 expression of migrating keratinocytes directly influences the re-epithelialization during the course of healing of the wounded skin.

The results of the present study demonstrated that the concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2a) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), and their ratio were significantly increased in the medium of intra-pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under acute hypoxia. Under either normoxia or hypoxia the concentration of TxB2 was significantly decreased with addition of taurine, while that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly increased. With the addition of indomethacin, however, under similar conditions, the concentrations of both TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were decreased. Furthermore, the effect of indomethacin on TxA2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations could be reversed by taurine.