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1. The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead

Author: Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Patrick Mavingui, Gilles Boetsch, Jérôme Boissier, Frédéric Darriet, Priscilla Duboz, Clémentine Fritsch, Patrick Giraudoux, Frédérique Le Roux, Serge Morand, Christine Paillard, Dominique Pontier, Cédric Sueur, Yann Voituron, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle ( UAABC ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins ( LBI2M ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Téssékéré International Human-Environment Observatory Labex DRIIM, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical ( PIMIT ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMI 3189 ESS Environnement, santé, sociétés, ( UMI 3189 ), CNRS and Cheikh Anta Diop University, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes marins, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), UPR ASTRE, CIRAD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LabEx Ecofect, Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (UMI ESS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Giraudoux, Patrick, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0301 basic medicine, EcoHealth, Environmental pollution, Disease, Review, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, maladie infectieuse, One health, ecotoxicology, infectious disease, interdisciplinary research, multifactorial disease, non-communicable disease, public health, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, 3. Good health, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, One Health, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, écotoxicologie, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Public policy, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Globalization, medicine, Environmental planning, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, Public health, ACL, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Non-communicable disease, medicine.disease, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, santé publique, lcsh:SF600-1100, Veterinary Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Over the past decade, a significant increase in the circulation of infectious agents was observed. With the spread and emergence of epizootics, zoonoses, and epidemics, the risks of pandemics became more and more critical. Human and animal health has also been threatened by antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and the develop- ment of multifactorial and chronic diseases. This highlighted the increasing globalization of health risks and the importance of the human–animal–ecosystem interface in the evo- lution and emergence of pathogens. A better knowledge of causes and consequences of certain human activities, lifestyles, and behaviors in ecosystems is crucial for a rigor- ous interpretation of disease dynamics and to drive public policies. As a global good, health security must be understood on a global scale and from a global and crosscutting perspective, integrating human health, animal health, plant health, ecosystems health, and biodiversity. In this study, we discuss how crucial it is to consider ecological, evolu- tionary, and environmental sciences in understanding the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and in facing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss the application of the “One Health” concept to non-communicable chronic dis- eases linked to exposure to multiple stresses, including toxic stress, and new lifestyles. Finally, we draw up a list of barriers that need removing and the ambitions that we must nurture for the effective application of the “One Health” concept. We conclude that the success of this One Health concept now requires breaking down the interdisciplinary barriers that still separate human and veterinary medicine from ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. The development of integrative approaches should be pro- moted by linking the study of factors underlying stress responses to their consequences on ecosystem functioning and evolution. This knowledge is required for the development of novel control strategies inspired by environmental mechanisms leading to desired equilibrium and dynamics in healthy ecosystems and must provide in the near future a framework for more integrated operational initiatives.
Published: 2018

2. Seasonal variation in energy expenditure in a rodent inhabiting a winter-rainfall desert

Author: Alexandre Zahariev, Maria Gatta, Neville Pillay, Rebecca Rimbach, Stéphane Blanc, Carsten Schradin, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] ( WITS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), University of Witwatersrand, School of Animal Plant & Environmental Science, University of Witwatersrand, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), and Leiden University
Subjects: 030110 physiology, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Rain, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Physical activity level, Phenotype flexibility, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Endocrinology, Dry season, Eco-physiology, Energetics, medicine, Temperate climate, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Field metabolic rate, Drought, Ecology, Temperature, Seasonality, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, 13. Climate action, Food, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Basal metabolic rate, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Seasons, Energy Metabolism, Rhabdomys pumilio, Locomotion
Abstract: International audience; Animals that spend more energy than they obtain risk entering allostatic overload, reducing survival and fitness. They are predicted to adjust their daily energy expenditure (DEE) during periods of food scarcity. Adjustments of DEE to changes in food availability have been well-studied in species in temperate zones during winter, but less so in species enduring seasonal droughts. Likely mechanisms regulating DEE involve adjustments of activity and maintenance metabolism. Species that experience seasonal droughts and changes in food availability, like the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), are appropriate model organisms to study the regulation of seasonal changes of DEE. We quantified DEE using the ‘doubly labelled water’ method, measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), and concomitantly determined activity levels using all-day focal observations of 69 free-living striped mice in the cold moist season with high food availability and the hot dry season with low food availability. Striped mice decreased their DEE in the food scarce dry season using multiple mechanisms, especially reductions in RMR, and reduced overall physical activity. This was further facilitated passively by reduced thermoregulatory costs. Our study demonstrates that animals reduce DEE via active and passive mechanisms in food-restricted environments, and highlights that several environmental factors should be considered simultaneously when aiming to understand how animals cope with harsh environments.
Published: 2018

3. Energy allocation trade-offs between life-history traits in the Mediterranean sardine: an ecophysiological approach

Author: Beauvieux, Anaïs, Queiros, Quentin, Métral, Luisa, Dutto, Gilbert, Gasset, Eric, Criscuolo, François, Fromentin, Jean-Marc, Saraux, Claire, Schull, Quentin, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Oxidative stress, Maintenance, Reproduction, Individual quality, Capital breeder, Compensatory growth, Aquatic Science, Sardina pilchardus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Since 2008, there has been a major decrease in the numbers of old and large sardines in the Gulf of Lions, which has had a major effect on regional fisheries. A bottom-up process involving a shift in diet towards smaller planktonic prey has been suggested as the main driver of this development. Yet, the reproductive capacities of the sardines have not changed, suggesting potential modifications in energy allocation trade-offs. Whether this could also affect maintenance, in particular at the end of the winter reproductive period, and explain the lower adult survival and the disappearance of older individuals remains unclear. We therefore experimentally investigated the consequences of seasonal food availability (summer vs. winter) on life-history traits and energy allocation trade-offs at the individual and population levels. Our results indicate that food resources during summer had a major effect on energy reserves and growth, limiting the maximum size and body condition reached at the end of reproduction. In addition, food restrictions during growth and/or reproduction periods led to physiological costs mediated by increased oxidative damage. Mediterranean sardines did not show any ability for compensatory growth and did not appear to be capital breeders. Instead, they displayed individual differences in coping with physiological constraints and displayed various life-history strategies regardless of food availability. We highlighted 3 main individual energy allocation strategies: (1) preferential allocation to body condition or (2) to growth, or (3) simultaneous allocation to reproduction and growth. These issues are key, as climate change is expected to favour smaller phytoplankton, which might amplify the deterioration in the condition of pelagic fish.
Published: 2022

4. Calorie restriction and resveratrol supplementation prevent age-related DNA and RNA oxidative damage in a non-human primate

Author: Marchal, J., Dal-Pan, A., Epelbaum, J., Blanc, S., Mueller, S., Wittig Kieffer, M., Metzger, F., Aujard, F., Restrikal, Consortium, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F. Hoffmann-La RocheAG, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Resveratrol, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Stilbenes, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mouse lemur, Nucleosides, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Body Composition, Seasons, Cheirogaleidae, Oxidation-Reduction, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, Calorie restriction, Oxidative phosphorylation, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Caloric Restriction, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Body Weight, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Oxidative Stress, CTL, chemistry, Basal metabolic rate, RNA, Basal Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, DNA Damage
Abstract: International audience; Oxidative stress is a key factor in the aging process and in the development of age-related diseases. Because nutritional interventions such as caloric restriction (CR) delay the onset of age-related diseases and increase the lifespan of many species, the impact of a moderate CR was tested on male grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), which have a median survival time of 5.7 years in captivity. The effects of CR on these lemurs were compared with a potential mimetic, resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol naturally found in grapes. We hypothesized that both CR and RSV impact oxidative DNA and RNA damage compared to standard-fed control (CTL) animals. Adult (3-4 years old) male mouse lemurs were assigned to three dietary groups: a CTL group, a CR group receiving 30% fewer calories than the CTL and a RSV group receiving the CTL diet supplemented with RSV (200 mg*day(-1)*kg(-1)). Oxidative stress was estimated after 3, 9, 15 and 21 months of treatment using the measurement of oxidized nucleosides in urine samples by mass spectrometry. The resting metabolic rate, adjusted for changes in body composition, was also measured to assess the potential relationship between oxygen consumption and oxidative damage markers. This study provides evidence for oxidative stress accumulation with age in grey mouse lemur. Dietary interventions resulted in a short-term increase in oxidative stress levels followed by reduced levels with increasing age. Moreover, in this photoperiod-dependent heterotherm primate, seasonal variations in oxidative stress were observed, which was likely due to a season-dependent, cost-benefit trade-off between torpor use and oxidative stress.
Published: 2013

5. Differential proteomics reveals age-dependent liver oxidative costs of innate immune activation in mice

Author: François Criscuolo, Gabriele Sorci, Fabrice Bertile, Marine Plumel, Alain Van Dorsselaer, Margaux Benhaim-Delarbre, Danièle Thiersé, Magali Rompais, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( LSMBO-DSA-IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique [Strasbourg] (LSMBO), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Male, Proteomics, Aging, Immunosenescence, Biophysics, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Organism, Innate immune system, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, Ageing, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Oxidative stress, Immunology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Oxidation-Reduction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Individual response to an immune challenge results from the optimization of a trade-off between benefits and costs of immune cell activation. Age-related immune disorders may have several mechanistic bases, from immune cell defects to chronic pro-inflammatory status and oxidative imbalance, but we are still lacking experimental data showing the relative importance of each of these mechanisms. Using a proteomic approach and subsequent biochemical validations of proteomics-derived hypotheses, we found age-dependent regulations in the liver of 3-months and 1-year old-mice in response to an acute innate immune activation. Old mice presented a chronic up-regulation of several proteins involved in pathways related to oxidative stress control. Interestingly, these pathways were weakly affected by the innate immune activation in old compared to young individuals. In addition, old mice suffered from lower glutathione-S-transferase activity and from higher oxidative damage at the end of the experiment, thus suggesting that they paid a higher immune-related cost than young individuals. On the whole, our data showed that a substantial fraction of the liver costs elicited by an activation of the innate immune response is effectively related to oxidative stress, and that ageing impairs the capacity of old individuals to control it. Significance Our paper tackles the open question of the cost of mounting an innate immune response. Evolutionary biologists are familiar since a long time with the concept of trade-offs among key traits of an organism, trade-offs that shape life history trajectories of species and individuals, ultimately in terms of reproduction and survival. On the other hand, medicine and molecular biologists study the intimate mechanisms of immune senescence and underline that oxidative imbalance is probably playing a key role in the progressive loss of immune function with age. This paper merges the two fields by exploring the nature of the cellular pathways that are mainly affected by age when the innate immunity is triggered. To this purpose, a proteomic approach was used to explore liver protein profiles and provide for the first time convincing data supporting the idea that oxidative stress constitutes a cost of innate immune response in old mice, possibly contributing to senescence. Proteomics-derived hypotheses were furthermore validated using biochemical assays. This paper therefore illustrates the added value of using proteomics to answer evolutionary biology questions, and opens a promising way to study the inter-specific variability in the rates of immune-senescence.
Published: 2016

6. The Channel ecosystem,across-roads of an thropogenic pressures and scientific studies : Lessons learned from the European INTERREGIVprojects(2009–2015)

Author: Arnaud Auber, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop, Emmanuelle Evariste, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Jean-Paul Robin, Pascal Claquin, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Ressources Halieutiques (IFREMER), Département Systèmes Sous-Marins - IFREMER, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Sir AlisterHardyFoundationforOceanScience, TheLaboratory,CitadelHill,PlymouthPL12PB,UK, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Ressources Halieutiques ( IFREMER ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Economics and Econometrics, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Political science, Sustainable development, media_common.cataloged_instance, Ecosystem, European programmes Cross-sectoralprojects Sustainable development Recommendation Knowledgegaps, 14. Life underwater, European union, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, geography, European programmes, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Knowledge gaps, Recommendation, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], business, Law, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Channel (geography), Cross-sectoral projects
Abstract: International audience; The English Channe lhosts a high density of human activities,which result in strong pressures and impacts on its marine ecosystem.The European Union's INTERREG programme funds projects to promote sustainable development through ecosystem-based management and the development of socio-economic services in the Channel region. Ananalysis of the themes studied during INTERREGIVA projects to date reveals bothgaps thats hould be addressed in the future, as wellas good practices thats hould be maintained and promoted.This analysis was used to provide advice and recommendations on knowledge gaps which may form the foundation of future projects fo rEuropean programmes suchas those in thenext INTERREG project call(2015–2020).
Published: 2016

7. Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal research priorities

Author: Stéphane Blanc, Irina André E. Larina, Olivier White, Kim Prisk, Dag Linnarsson, André Aubert, Iman Momken, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de biologie intégrative des adaptations à l'exercice ( UBIAE ), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute of biomedical problems, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Unité de biologie intégrative des adaptations à l'exercice (UBIAE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB), University of California (UC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gaillard, Brigitte
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL, Medicine (miscellaneous), astronauts, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Space exploration, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Deep space missions, InformationSystems_GENERAL, 0302 clinical medicine, blood-pressure, [ SHS.INFO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, European commission, Space research, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, exercise, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.MHEP.CSC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Expert group, central venous-pressure, Editorial, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Engineering ethics, [ SDV.MHEP.HEG ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Materials Science (miscellaneous), [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], long-duration spaceflight, Relevance (information retrieval), heart-rate, Simulation, business.industry, Principal (computer security), [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, 030229 sport sciences, microgravity, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, station, foot forces, orthostatic intolerance, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [ SDV.MHEP.PSR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract
Abstract: International audience; The THESEUS project (Towards Human Exploration of Space: aEUropean Strategy) was initiated within the seventh FrameworkProgramme by the European Commission. This project aimed toprovide a cross-cutting, life science-based roadmap for Europe’sstrategy towards human exploration of space, especially for deepspace missions and its relevance to applications on Earth. Toaddress these challenges, relevance of space research on thecardiovascular system, the lungs and kidneys, was discussed in anexpert group and its principal conclusions will be presented in thisarticle.
Published: 2016

8. Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on neurophysiology research priorities

Author: Jacques-Olivier Fortrat, Stéphane Blanc, William H. Paloski, Floris L. Wuyts, Anne Pavy-LeTraon, Jean-Louis Thonnard, Gilles Clément, Olivier White, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation motrice, Louvain Bionics - Center of Interdisciplinary Expertise, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), International Space University (ISU), Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Département de Neurologie, Institute of Neuroscience [Bruxelles], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AUREA-BIMEF University of Antwerp, University of Houston, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), International Space University ( ISU ), Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée, Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Houston Health and Human Performance, Gaillard, Brigitte, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Neurologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Antwerp (UA)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Operations research, Materials Science (miscellaneous), media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), Context (language use), Review Article, Space (commercial competition), Key issues, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Field (computer science), Space exploration, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, Human space exploration, Relevance (information retrieval), media_common, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), 030104 developmental biology, Geography, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Engineering ethics, Engineering sciences. Technology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The THESEUS project (Towards Human Exploration of Space: a European Strategy), initiated within the seventh Framework Programme by the European Commission, aimed at providing a cross-cutting, life-science-based roadmap for Europe’s strategy towards human exploration of long space missions, and its relevance to applications on Earth. This topic was investigated by experts in the field, in the framework of the THESEUS project whose aim was to develop an integrated life sciences research roadmap regarding human space exploration. In particular, decades of research have shown that altered gravity impairs neurological responses at large, such as perception, sleep, motor control, and cognitive factors. International experts established a list of key issues that should be addressed in that context and provided several recommendations such as a maximal exploitation of currently available resources on Earth and in space.
Published: 2016

9. Hand preference and its flexibility according to the position of the object: a study in cercopithecines examining spontaneous behaviour and an experimental task (the Bishop QHP task)

Author: Jacques Vauclair, Marie Vimond, Amandine Chapelain, Audrey Maille, Agathe Laurence, Hélène Meunier, Jacqueline Fagard, Catherine Blois-Heulin, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Psychologie de la Connaissance, du Langage et de l'Émotion (PsyCLÉ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANR-08-BLAN-0011 - Laterality, ANR-08-BLAN-0011,Laterality,Latéralité manuelle chez l'enfant et le primate pour les manipulations d'objets et la communication gestuelle : recherche d'indices en faveur d'une origine gestuelle du langage(2008), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception ( LPP - UMR 8242 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Psychologie de la Connaissance, du Langage et de l'Émotion ( PsyCLÉ ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), and ANR-08-BLAN-0011,Laterality,Latéralité manuelle chez l'enfant et le primate pour les manipulations d'objets et la communication gestuelle : recherche d'indices en faveur d'une origine gestuelle du langage ( 2008 )
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cercopithecus, Space (commercial competition), Functional Laterality, Task (project management), Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Behavior, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Behavior, Animal, Animal, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Psychological research, 05 social sciences, Flexibility (personality), Feeding Behavior, Degree (music), Object (philosophy), Preference, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Laterality, Female, Psychology, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The extant literature on manual laterality in non-human primates is inconclusive, plagued by inconsistent or contradictory findings and by disturbing methodological issues (e.g. uncontrolled influential factors, comparability issues). The present study examined hand preference and its flexibility in 15 red-capped mangabeys (C. t. torquatus) and 13 Campbell's monkeys (C. c. campbelli), two species that differ in their degree of arboreality. We investigated the influence of the spatial position of the object on hand preference for reaching. We considered spontaneous behaviour (reaching for food during daily feeding) and an experimental task: the QHP task. The QHP is a task that is used in humans. This is a simple reaching task that involves high spatial constraints on hand use. In our study, the subject had to reach for items that were placed on a semi-circle in front of it on five positions, including in the centre position, in the ipsilateral space and in the contralateral space. We assessed hand preference for reaching in front (baseline condition), and we examined how this preference changed when reaching in lateral positions. For reaching in front, about half of the subjects were lateralized and no group-level bias occurred, for both spontaneous and experimental conditions. When considering reaching in the lateral positions, we observed that the position of the object influenced hand use: individuals used the hand that was closest to the object. The results are discussed in relation to previous findings in humans and in non-human primates and regarding theories on handedness and flexibility of hand preference.
Published: 2012

10. L'interdisciplinarité. Voyages au-delà des disciplines

Author: Blanc, Stéphane, Bouzeghoub, Mokrane, Knoop, Martina, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parallélisme, Réseaux, Systèmes, Modélisation (PRISM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Interdisciplinarité dans les sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: EAN : 9782271139832; National audience
Published: 2023

11. Veterinary Management of European Pond Turtle Reintroductions

Author: Benoit Quintard, Jean Yves GEORGES, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georges, Jean-Yves, Eric Miller, Nadine Lamberski, and Paul Calle
Subjects: [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology
Abstract: International audience; Reintroductions are considered as operational measures to limit present biodiversity erosion. They consist in releasing captive bred and raised individuals of a species at a place it used to live. Its success relies on the quality of the release site, but also on the quantity and quality of released individuals. The later depends on the management of conservatory captive facilities
Published: 2023

12. Science et Gouvernance de l’Ecosystème Marin de la Manche

Author: Evariste, E., Jean-Claude Dauvin, Pascal Claquin, Auber, C., Winder, A., Thenail, B., Fletcher, S., Robin, J. P., Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Published: 2014

13. Impacts of extreme climatic events on the energetics of long-lived vertebrates: the case of the greater flamingo facing cold spells in the Camargue

Author: Sophie Labaude, Anne-Sophie Deville, David Grémillet, Paul D. Mathewson, Warren P. Porter, Jean-Patrice Robin, Megan J. Fitzpatrick, Arnaud Béchet, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Fondation MAVA, Salinalgue, region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (South of France), French Fond Unique Interministeriel (FUI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: fasting, Physiology, Climate, Aquatic Science, bioenergetics, Models, Biological, Energy requirement, energy requirements, Birds, mechanistic modelling, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Charadriiformes, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Cold spell, Animals, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Ecology, Energetics, energy stores, Cold air, Starvation (glaciology), Total body, niche mapperTM, biology.organism_classification, Lipids, Cold Temperature, Starvation, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, winter stress, Animal Science and Zoology, France, Seasons, Greater flamingo, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, body condition, Energy Metabolism, Body condition
Abstract: International audience; Most studies analyzing the effects of global warming on wild populations focus on gradual temperature changes, yet it is also important to understand the impact of extreme climatic events. Here we studied the effect of two cold spells (January 1985 and February 2012) on the energetics of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) in the Camargue (southern France). To understand the cause of observed flamingo mass mortalities, we first assessed the energy stores of flamingos found dead in February 2012, and compared them with those found in other bird species exposed to cold spells and/or fasting. Second, we evaluated the monthly energy requirements of flamingos across 1980-2012 using the mechanistic model Niche Mapper™. Our results show that the body lipids of flamingos found dead in 2012 corresponded to 2.6±0.3% of total body mass, which is close to results found in woodcocks (Scolopax rusticola) that died from starvation during a cold spell (1.7±0.1%), and much lower than in woodcocks which were fed throughout this same cold spell (13.0±2%). Further, Niche Mapper™ predicted that flamingo energy requirements were highest (+6-7%) during the 1985 and 2012 cold spells compared with 'normal' winters. This increase was primarily driven by cold air temperatures. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that flamingos starved to death during both cold spells. This study demonstrates the relevance of using mechanistic energetics modelling and body condition analyses to understand and predict the impact of extreme climatic events on animal energy balance and winter survival probabilities.
Published: 2014

14. Conclusions: Present and Future of Southern Ocean Biogeography

Author: Koubbi , Philippe, De Broyer , Claude, Griffiths , Huw J., Raymond , Ben, D'Udekem D'Acoz , Cédric, Van De Putte , Anton, Danis , Bruno, DAVID , Bruno, Grant , Susie, Gutt , Julian, Held , Christoph, Hosie , Graham, Huettmann , Falk, Post , Alix, Ropert-Coudert , Yan, Stoddart , Michael, Swadling , Kerrie M., Wadley , Victoria, Laffont, Rémi, C. De Broyer, P. Koubbi et al., Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Integrated Marine Information System ( IMIS ), Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ) -Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), EWHALE Laboratory of Biology and Wildlife Department, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] ( CSIRO ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
Abstract: 7 pages; International audience
Published: 2014

15. Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Author: De Broyer, Claude, Koubbi, Philippe, Griffiths, Huw J., Raymond, Ben, D'Udekem D'Acoz, Cédric, Van De Putte, Anton, Danis, Bruno, DAVID, Bruno, Grant, Susie, Gutt, Julian, Held, Christoph, Hosie, Graham, Huettmann, Falk, Post, Alix, Ropert‐Coudert, Yan, Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Integrated Marine Information System ( IMIS ), Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ) -Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Antarctic biodiversity information facility, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), EWHALE Laboratory of Biology and Wildlife Department, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] ( CSIRO ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CAML, Total, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laffont, Rémi
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
Abstract: 498 pages; International audience; The Southern Ocean waters to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula are warming faster than almost any other place on Earth. This area of most rapid environmental change was among others targeted by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life in its collection of biogeographic information. Such biogeographic information is of fundamental importance for monitoring biodiversity, discovering biodiversity hotspots, defining ecoregions and detecting the impacts of environmental changes. It is the preliminary and necessary step in designing marine protected areas in a changing ocean. At the end of five years of extensive biodiversity exploration and assessment by CAML (www.caml.aq) and the OBIS Antarctic Node (the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network, www.scarmarbin.be), a new initiative, the multi-authored "CAML Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean", has been established under the aegis of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to provide an up-to-date synthesis of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic biogeographic knowledge and to make available a new comprehensive online resource for visualisation, analysis and modelling of species distribution. It will constitute a major scientific output of CAML and SCAR-MarBIN as well as being a significant legacy of CoML and the International Polar Year to fulfill the needs of biogeographic information for science, conservation, monitoring and sustainable management of the changing Southern Ocean. It will be of direct benefit to the Antarctic Treaty and associated bodies such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Published: 2014

16. Mitochondrial uncoupling prevents cold-induced oxidative stress: a case study using UCP1 knock-out mice

Author: François Criscuolo, Antoine Stier, Frédéric Bouillaud, Pierre Bize, Caroline Habold, Sylvie Massemin, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Oxidative phosphorylation, Aquatic Science, Biology, Mitochondrion, medicine.disease_cause, Ion Channels, Mitochondrial Proteins, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Oxygen Consumption, Internal medicine, Brown adipose tissue, medicine, Uncoupling protein, Animals, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Uncoupling Protein 1, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cold-Shock Response, Thermogenesis, Thermogenin, Mitochondria, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, chemistry, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Reactive Oxygen Species, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Summary The relationship between metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondria has been often (wrongly) viewed as straightforward, with increased metabolism leading to higher pro-oxidants generation. Insights on mitochondrial functioning show that oxygen consumption is either principally coupled with energy conversion as ATP or as heat, depending on whether the ATP-synthase or the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is driving respiration. However, those two processes might greatly differ in terms of oxidative costs. We used a cold challenge to investigate the oxidative stress consequences of an increased metabolism achieved either by the activation of an uncoupled mechanism (i.e. UCP1 activity) in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of wild-type mice, or by ATP-dependent muscular shivering thermogenesis in mice deficient for UCP1. Although both mouse strains increased by more than twofold their metabolism when acclimatised for 4 weeks to moderate cold (12°C), only mice deficient for UCP1 suffered from elevated levels of oxidative stress. When exposed to cold, mice deficient for UCP1 showed an increase of 20.2% in plasmatic reactive oxygen metabolites, 81.8% in muscular oxidized glutathione and 47.1% in muscular protein carbonyls. In contrast, there was no evidence of elevated levels of oxidative stress in the plasma, muscles or BAT of wild-type mice exposed to cold despite a drastic increase in BAT activity. Our study demonstrates differing oxidative costs linked to the functioning of two highly metabolically active organs during thermogenesis. It urges for careful considerations of mitochondrial functioning when investigating the links between metabolism and oxidative stress. Although both mouse strains increased by more than twofold their energy expenditure when acclimatised for 4 weeks to mild cold (12°C), only mice deficient for UCP1 suffered from elevated levels of oxidative stress. When exposed to cold, mice deficient for UCP1 showed an increase of 20.2% in plasmatic reactive oxygen metabolites, 81.8% in muscular oxidized glutathione and 47.1% in muscular protein carbonyls. In contrast, there was no evidence of elevated levels of oxidative stress in the plasma, muscles or BAT of wild-type mice exposed to cold despite a drastic increase in BAT activity. Our study demonstrates differing oxidative costs linked to the functioning of two highly metabolically active organs during thermogenesis. It urges for careful considerations of mitochondrial functioning when studying/considering the links between energy expenditure and oxidative stress.
Published: 2014

17. First detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus halli)

Author: Benoît Jaulhac, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Frédéric Schramm, Karen D. McCoy, Cathy Barthel, Jean-Charles Fournier, Yvon Le Maho, Yves Handrich, Danièle Postic, Université de Strasbourg (EA7290), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Borrelia (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), IPEV (programme 137), CNRS (Zones Ateliers du Programme Environnement Vie et Société), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Strasbourg ( EA7290 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Montpellier ( MIVEGEC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR224-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), and Centre National de Référence des Borrelia ( CNR )
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Spheniscidae, Tick, Microbiology, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi Group, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Borrelia burgdorferi, spirochetemia, Indian Ocean, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Geography, Ixodes, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, Bird Diseases, king penguins, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Ixodes uriae, Epizootiology, bacterial infections and mycoses, Aptenodytes patagonicus, lyme disease, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Parasitology, Arachnid Vectors, Crozet archipelago, epidemiology
Abstract: International audience; The hard tick Ixodes uriae parasitises a wide range of seabird species in the circumpolar areas of bothNorthern and Southern hemispheres and has been shown to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensulato, the bacterial agents of Lyme borreliosis. Although it is assumed that seabirds represent viable reservoirhosts, direct demonstrations of infection are limited to a single study from the Northern hemisphere.Here, the blood of 50 tick-infested adult king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus halli) breeding in theCrozet Archipelago (Southern Indian Ocean) was examined for B. burgdorferi sl exposure by serology andfor spirochetemia by in vitro DNA amplification. Four birds were found positive by serology, whereas B.burgdorferi sl DNA was detected in two other birds. Our data therefore provide the first direct proof ofBorrelia burgdorferi sl spirochetes in seabirds of the Southern hemisphere and indicate a possible reservoirrole for king penguins in the natural maintenance of this bacterium. Although the bacterial geneticdiversity present in these hosts and the infectious period for tick vectors remain to be elucidated, ourresults add to a growing body of knowledge on the contribution of seabirds to the complex epizootiologyof Lyme disease and the global dissemination of B. burgdorferi sl spirochetes.
Published: 2014

18. Is muscle and protein loss relevant in long‐term fasting in healthy men? A prospective trial on physiological adaptations

Author: Audrey Bergouignan, Claire Laurens, Yvon Le Maho, Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo, Stéphane Blanc, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Chantal Simon, Anthony Damiot, Anne-Laure Le Maho, Franziska Grundler, Isabelle Chery, Alexandre Zahariev, Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic [Überlingen, Germany] (BWC), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Clinique Générale Annecy (CGA), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and CarMeN, laboratoire
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood lipids, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Body composition, chemistry.chemical_compound, Long-term fasting, Weight loss, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Ketogenesis, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, Protein sparing, Exercise, Glycogen, business.industry, Muscles, QM1-695, Original Articles, Energy metabolism, Fasting, Middle Aged, Lipids, Adaptation, Physiological, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Protein catabolism, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, RC925-935, chemistry, Muscle function, Human anatomy, Basal metabolic rate, Apelin, Original Article, Long‐term fasting, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Fasting is attracting an increasing interest as a potential strategy for managing diseases, including metabolic disorders and complementary cancer therapy. Despite concerns of clinicians regarding protein catabolism and muscle loss, evidence-based clinical data in response to long-term fasting in healthy humans are scarce. The objective of this study was to measure clinical constants, metabolic, and muscular response in healthy men during and after a 10 day fast combined with a physical activity programme. METHODS: Sixteen men (44 ± 14 years; 26.2 ± 0.9 kg/m(2) ) fasted with a supplement of 200-250 kcal/day and up to 3 h daily low-intensity physical activity according to the peer-reviewed Buchinger Wilhelmi protocol. Changes in body weight (BW) and composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity, muscle strength and function, protein utilization, inflammatory, and metabolic status were assessed during the 10 day fast, the 4 days of food reintroduction, and at 3 month follow-up. RESULTS: The 10 day fast decreased BW by 7% (-5.9 ± 0.2 kg, P \textless 0.001) and BMR by 12% (P \textless 0.01). Fat mass and lean soft tissues (LST) accounted for about 40% and 60% of weight loss, respectively, -2.3 ± 0.18 kg and -3.53 ± 0.13 kg, P \textless 0.001. LST loss was explained by the reduction in extracellular water (44%), muscle and liver glycogen and associated water (14%), and metabolic active lean tissue (42%). Plasma 3-methyl-histidine increased until Day 5 of fasting and then decreased, suggesting that protein sparing might follow early proteolysis. Daily steps count increased by 60% (P \textless 0.001) during the fasting period. Strength was maintained in non-weight-bearing muscles and increased in weight-bearing muscles (+33%, P \textless 0.001). Glycaemia, insulinemia, blood lipids, and blood pressure dropped during the fast (P \textless 0.05 for all), while non-esterified fatty acids and urinary beta-hydroxybutyrate increased (P \textless 0.01 for both). After a transient reduction, inflammatory cytokines returned to baseline at Day 10 of fasting, and LST were still lower than baseline values (-2.3% and -3.2%, respectively; P \textless 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: A 10 day fast appears safe in healthy humans. Protein loss occurs in early fast but decreases as ketogenesis increases. Fasting combined with physical activity does not negatively impact muscle function. Future studies will need to confirm these first findings.
Published: 2021

19. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Author: Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, James P. Morton, Roberto A Rabinovich, Marjije B. Hoos, Estelle V. Lambert, William W. Wong, Pascal Bovet, Annemiek M. C. P. Joosen, Jennifer Rood, Ellen E. Blaak, Sumei Hu, Samuel S. Urlacher, Anders Sjödin, Ulf Ekelund, Klaas R. Westerterp, Catherine Hambly, Misaka Kimura, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Eric Stice, Teresa A. Nicklas, Lene Frost Andersen, Xueying Zhang, Alberto G. Bonomi, George S. Wilson, Giulio Valenti, Barry W. Fudge, Cornelia U Loechl, Issaad Baddou, Albertine J. Schuit, Stéphane Blanc, Brian M. Wood, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, James C Morehen, Edgar A. Van Mil, Susan B. Racette, Nader Lessan, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Dale A. Schoeller, Erwin P. Meijer, David A. Raichlen, William E. Kraus, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Jonathan C. K. Wells, Terrence Forrester, Jamie A. Cooper, Herman Pontzer, Lara R. Dugas, Lenore Arab, Marian L. Neuhouser, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Tsukasa Yoshida, Kitty P. Kempen, Jack A. Yanovski, Eric Ravussin, Guy Plasqui, Sai Krupa Das, Anine Christine Medin, Maciej S. Buchowski, Philip N. Ainslie, Nancy F. Butte, Michael Gurven, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L. Close, Ludo M. Van Etten, Corby K. Martin, William R. Leonard, Liam Anderson, Ross L. Prentice, Robert F. Kushner, Amy Luke, Richard Cooper, Annelies H. C. Goris, Noorjehan Joonas, Robert Ojiambo, Susan B. Roberts, Sonja Entringer, John R. Speakman, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Yosuke Yamada, Executive Board, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humane Biologie, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health, MUMC+: MA Alg Ond Onderz Cardiologie (9), Nutrition and Movement Sciences, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Cell-Matrix Interact. Cardiov. Tissue Reg., and ICMS Core
Subjects: Male, Aging, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], BASAL METABOLIC-RATE, LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT, CHILDREN, VDP::Technology: 500::Electrotechnical disciplines: 540, SDG 3 – Goede gezondheid en welzijn, RC1200, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, 80 and over, Global health, WATER, 030212 general & internal medicine, DEPOSITION, Young adult, Child, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Middle Aged, Human development (humanity), Child, Preschool, SLEEP DURATION, Body Composition, Life course approach, Female, IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Adult, Adolescent, General Science & Technology, Doubly labeled water, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, Exercise physiology, Preschool, Exercise, Aged, Nutrition, ORGAN SIZE, business.industry, Body Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, CELLULAR-LEVEL APPROACH, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Basal metabolic rate, Basal Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, business, REQUIREMENTS, Demography
Abstract: Total daily energy expenditure (“total expenditure”, MJ/d) reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, yet it is unclear how daily expenditure changes over the life course. Here, we analyze a large, globally diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 yr. We show that total expenditure is strongly related to fat free mass in a power-law manner and identify four distinct metabolic life stages. Fat free mass-adjusted daily expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates (0-1yr) to ~46% above adult values at ~1 yr, declines slowly throughout childhood and adolescence (1-20 yr) to adult levels at ~20 yr, remains stable in adulthood (20-60 yr) even during pregnancy, and declines in older adults (60+ yr). These changes in total expenditure shed new light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the lifespan.
Published: 2021

20. Visual lateralization is task and age dependent in cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

Author: Christelle Jozet-Alves, Matthieu Dacher, Susan D. Healy, Vincent A. Viblanc, Sébastien Romagny, Ludovic Dickel, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Psychology, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Fyssen Foundation, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale ( GMPc ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale [Toulouse] ( CRCA ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cuttlefish, cuttlefish, invertebrate, Zoology, visual lateralization, Stimulus (physiology), Sepia officinalis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lateralization of brain function, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Juvenile, Sepia, cephalopod, development, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Ecology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, biology.organism_classification, Cephalopod, Visual field, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, side-turning preference
Abstract: International audience; The behavioural lateralization observed in several invertebrate species appears to parallel the phenomenon seen in vertebrates. However, it is not yet clear whether lateralization in invertebrates varies within an individual across development as it does in vertebrates. We examined when during postembryonic development juvenile cuttlefish begin to show side-turning preferences in a T-shaped apparatus. We also determined whether or not the direction of turning was stimulus dependent by providing, or not providing, shelters in the two choice arms of the apparatus. We found that as the animals aged from 3 to 45 days posthatch they progressively developed a left-turning bias but only when shelters were provided in the apparatus. We suggest that left-turning biases in cuttlefish result from an eye use preference. Emergence of visual lateralization at the time of dispersal may afford juveniles greater behavioural efficiency by enabling them to look out for escape routes while hunting. The left visual field may be associated with rapid responses as in many species of vertebrates. Determining the role of the right visual field of cuttlefish when looking for prey may provide evidence for homology between lateralization in invertebrates and vertebrates.
Published: 2012

21. Individual and social determinants of spontaneous group movements in cattle and sheep

Author: Bertrand Dumont, Alain Boissy, Amandine Ramseyer, Bernard Thierry, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Alsace, GDR2822, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, social relationship, Affect (psychology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, SF1-1100, group movement, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Kinship, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ungulates, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Social determinants of health, media_common, Boldness, Ecology, 05 social sciences, temperament, group order, Animal culture, Dominance hierarchy, Dominance (ethology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Temperament, Demography, Social status
Abstract: International audience; Group-living animals travel together to collectively exploit the resources of their environment. This study investigates how social relationships and individual temperament traits affect movement orders in domestic cattle and sheep. We analysed spontaneous group movements occurring at pasture after a resting period in a group of 15 18-month-old Charolais heifers and a group of 19 1-year-old Romane ewe-lambs. For each species, animals had similar social experience and no kinship ties. Before that, animals were observed within the group to establish their social status (e.g. dominance and preferential relationships, and sociability), then in individual tests in order to assess their emotional traits. In both species, most individuals could initiate a group movement but some individuals were more successful than others in recruiting the rest of the group. Ewe-lambs, and to a lesser extent heifers, held preferential positions during travel. We did not find any significant correlations in either species between animal order and their position in the dominance hierarchy (heifers: P50.438; ewe-lambs: P50.574) while individuals linked by preferential bonds frequently followed each other during group movements (heifers: P,0.001; ewe-lambs: P,0.001). With regard to social traits, heifers with a low cohesion index, and with a lower number of partners with whom they develop frequent affinitive interactions, acted more frequently as ‘first movers' ( P50.040 and 0.023, respectively), as well as did ewe-lambs with a high spatial independency index ( P50.002). Ewe-lambs with the highest cohesion indices were more frequently observed in front of the group while moving halfway between departure and arrival ( P50.028). We did not find significant correlations between individual positions during group movements and emotional traits such as reactivity, boldness and fearfulness. We conclude that preferential bonds and individual traits related to social dependence were more influential in spontaneous group movements at pasture than were emotional traits and dominance status.
Published: 2012

22. Effects of chronic calorie restriction or dietary resveratrol supplementation on insulin sensitivity markers in a primate, Microcebus murinus

Author: Fabien Pifferi, Julia Marchal, Fabienne Aujard, Stéphane Blanc, Jacques Epelbaum, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, Phytochemistry, Time Factors, Anatomy and Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Insulin, MESH: Lemur, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Dietary Supplements, Biochemistry, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Stilbenes, Stilbenes, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin, MESH: Animals, MESH: Oxygen Consumption, MESH: Animal Feed, lcsh:Science, MESH : Oxygen Consumption, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Glucose tolerance test, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Chemistry, MESH: Insulin Resistance, MESH : Animal Feed, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, MESH : Insulin Resistance, MESH : Lemur, Research Article, MESH : Time Factors, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Caloric Restriction, MESH : Male, MESH: Glucose Tolerance Test, Calorie restriction, Endocrine System, MESH: Insulin, Carbohydrate metabolism, Biology, MESH : Stilbenes, MESH : Diet, MESH : Glucose Tolerance Test, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, Insulin resistance, MESH: Diet, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Animals, MESH : Dietary Supplements, Caloric Restriction, Nutrition, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Caloric Restriction, Endocrine Physiology, Lemur, lcsh:R, MESH: Time Factors, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, MESH : Blood Glucose, Animal Feed, MESH: Male, Diet, Endocrinology, Resveratrol, Dietary Supplements, Basal metabolic rate, MESH: Blood Glucose, lcsh:Q, MESH : Animals, Insulin Resistance, Physiological Processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The prevalence of diabetes and hyperinsulinemia increases with age, inducing metabolic failure and limiting lifespan. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition delays the aging process, but its long-term application to humans seems difficult. Resveratrol (RSV), a dietary polyphenol, appears to be a promising CR mimetic that can be easily administered in humans. In this work, we hypothesized that both CR and RSV impact insulin sensitivity in a non-human primate compared to standard-fed control (CTL) animals. Four- to five-year-old male grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) were assigned to three dietary groups: a CTL group, a CR group receiving 30% fewer calories than the CTL and a RSV group receiving the CTL diet supplemented with RSV (200 mg*day(-1)*kg(-1)). Insulin sensitivity and glycemia were assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) evaluation after 21 or 33 months of chronic treatment. Resting metabolic rate was also measured to assess the potential relationships between this energy expenditure parameter and insulin sensitivity markers. No differences were found after a 21-month period of treatment, except for lower glucose levels 30 min after glucose loading in CR animals. After 33 months, CR and RSV decreased glycemia after the oral glucose loading without decreasing fasting blood insulin. A general effect of treatment was observed on the HOMA-IR index, with an 81% reduction in CR animals and 53% in RSV animals after 33 months of treatment compared to CTL. Chronic CR and dietary supplementation with RSV affected insulin sensitivity by improving the glucose tolerance of animals without disturbing their baseline insulin secretion. These results suggest that both CR and RSV have beneficial effects on metabolic alterations, although these effects are different in amplitude between the two anti-aging treatments and potentially rely on different metabolic changes.
Published: 2012

23. La biodiversité à travers des exemples. Services compris

Author: Le Maho, Yvon, Barbault, Robert, Abbadie, Luc, Beck, Corinne, Blondel, Jacques, Boeuf, Gilles, Bourdeau, Philippe, Burel, Françoise, Chevassus-Au-Louis, Bernard, DAVID, Bruno, Decamps, Henri, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Goulletquer, Philippe, Houllier, François, Larrère, Catherine, Lavorel, Sandra, Lefeuvre, Jean-Claude, Luginbuhl, Yves, Mougenot, Catherine, Muller, Serge, Pascal, Jean-Pierre, Portecop, Jacques, Silvain, Jean-François, Weber, Jacques, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut fédératif d'écologie fondamentale et appliquée (IFEFA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive (MBCE), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Philosophies contemporaines (PHICO), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Laboratoire Biodiversité et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes (LBFE), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de philosophie contemporaine de la Sorbonne (PHICO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut fédératif d'écologie fondamentale et appliquée ( IFEFA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité ( ArScAn ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Modèles en biologie cellulaire et évolutive ( MBCE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 ( OSUR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations ( UMR AMAP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Philosophies contemporaines ( PHICO ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Biodiversité et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes ( LBFE ), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz ( UPVM ), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Études de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud ( CEIAS ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: 184 pages; National audience
Published: 2012

24. Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality

Author: Juergen Gadau, Leo W. Beukeboom, Jun Abe, Kazuki Tsuji, Yannis Michalakis, Diane C. Wiernasz, Sam P. Brown, Rufus A. Johnstone, Jeremy Field, Joel L. Sachs, Iain D. Couzin, Leda Cosmides, Andrew Cockburn, Allen J. Moore, Samuel Alizon, David W. Pfennig, Alex Kacelnik, John Tooby, Daniel J. C. Kronauer, Janet Shellmann-Sherman, Thomas C. Scott-Phillips, Nicholas H. Barton, Pekka Pamilo, Paul W. Sherman, Ronald Noë, David M. Shuker, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Richard Wrangham, Eric L. Charnov, Richard McElreath, Thibaud Monnin, Liselotte Sundström, William A. Foster, Sarah E. Reece, Sasha R. X. Dall, Michael Taborsky, Jan Komdeur, Francois Balloux, Stuart A. West, Stephen T. Emlen, Paul Schmid-Hempel, Gerald Borgia, Francisco Úbeda, Olav Rueppell, Ulrich G. Mueller, Kevin R. Foster, Charles W. Fox, Sylvain Gandon, Patrick Abbot, Alan Grafen, Denis Roze, Tom Wenseleers, Michael G. Gardner, Geoff A. Parker, Claire El Mouden, João Alpedrinha, Thomas Getty, Michael A. D. Goodisman, Trine Bilde, Michel Chapuisat, Peter D. Taylor, Sébastien Lion, Sigal Balshine, Natalie Jiricny, Edward L. Vargo, Troy Day, Douglas W. Mock, E. Toby Kiers, Lorenzo A. Santorelli, David F. Westneat, Judith Korb, Pierre-Henri Gouyon, Scott Creel, David C. Queller, Max N. Burton-Chellew, Geoff Wild, Michael D. Breed, Laurent Lehmann, Bernard J. Crespi, Richard K. Grosberg, Ken R. Helms, Jürgen Heinze, Janis L. Dickinson, Daniel J. Rankin, Heikki Helanterä, Michael P. Schwarz, Kim Hill, Jerry A. Coyne, Régis Ferrière, Paul H. Harvey, Angus Buckling, Jay D. Evans, Graham J. Thompson, Hanna Kokko, Rolf Kümmerli, James A. R. Marshall, Jes S. Pedersen, Andrew G. Zink, Samir Okasha, Gilbert Roberts, Redouan Bshary, Nancy Tyler Burley, Christina M. Grozinger, Timothy A. Linksvayer, Richard E. Michod, jeff smith, Robert L. Curry, Malte Andersson, Max Reuter, Jeanne A. Zeh, Beverly I. Strassmann, Nick Colegrave, Mary Jane West-Eberhard, François Rousset, Joseph C. Spagna, Susanne Foitzik, Bernard Voelkl, David W. Zeh, Bruce E. Lyon, Simon K. A. Robson, Jean-Baptiste André, Michael A. Cant, Neil D. Tsutsui, Jay M. Biernaskie, Ido Pen, Robert Montgomerie, Ben J. Hatchwell, Minus van Baalen, Darryl T. Gwynne, Andy Gardner, John Alcock, Andrew V. Suarez, Blaine J. Cole, Stefano Turillazzi, Lee Alan Dugatkin, Andrew J. Young, Hudson K. Reeve, Pen group, Komdeur lab, Beukeboom lab, Weissing group, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Evolution Théorique et Expérimentale (MIVEGEC-ETE), Perturbations, Evolution, Virulence (PEV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford [Oxford], Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College London-Faculty of Medicine-Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Department of zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolution - Biophore, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Princeton], Princeton University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Fonctionnement et évolution des systèmes écologiques (FESE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University Park, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), École polytechnique (X), Freiburg University, FREIBURG UNIVERSITY, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Ecological Science [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Australian National University (ANU), Animal Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen], Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrueck, Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford University, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Biology, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Theoretical Biology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies [Groningen], Department of biology, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polytech'Paris-UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Behavioural Ecology, University of Bern, School of Mathematical Sciences [Dublin], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Biology and Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Kentucky, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Stanford University [Stanford], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Washington University in St Louis, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Neuchâtel, Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] ( EEB ), Fonctionnement et évolution des systèmes écologiques ( FESE ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), École polytechnique ( X ), Arizona State University [Tempe] ( ASU ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Australian National University ( ANU ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses ( GEMI ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin ( ADMM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Centre de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), K.U.Leuven, University of Zurich, Abbot, P, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), University of Oxford, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kentucky (UK), and Animal Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Value (ethics), [ INFO.INFO-MO ] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Evolution of eusociality, Population, kin selection, inclusive fitness theory, social insects, eusociality, social evolution, cooperation, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Kin selection, Biology, Altruism (biology), [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Misrepresentation, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, education, 030304 developmental biology, 1000 Multidisciplinary, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], KIN SELECTION, BEHAVIOUR, Inclusive fitness, fitness, eusociality, Eusociality, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, EVOLUTION, Epistemology, MODEL, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Evolutionary biology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), [ SDV.BID.SPT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Abstract: International audience; Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.
Published: 2011

25. Caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation and ageing in a non-human primate: first-year outcome of the RESTRIKAL study in Microcebus murinus

Author: Philippe Zizzari, Isabelle Chery, Stéphane Blanc, Fabien Pifferi, Julia Marchal, Jacques Epelbaum, Jean Luc Picq, Martine Perret, Alexandre Dal-Pan, Roger Botalla, Jérémy Terrien, Fabienne Aujard, Alexandre Zahariev, Isabelle Hardy, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (LPN), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), ANR-06-PNRA-0010,RESTRIKAL,RESTRIKAL : L'activation des situines par le resvératrol (polyphénol) mime-t-elle les effets de la restriction calorique sur l'augmentation de la longévité chez un primate non-humain?(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-PNRA-010-01,ANR-06-PNRA-010-01, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie [saint-Denis] ( LPN ), and Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis ( UP8 )
Subjects: Male, Aging, Microcebus murinus, Physiology, Lemur, food restriction, Resveratrol, Prosimian, resveratrol, Cheirogaleidae, Antioxidants, Article, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Stilbenes, Animals, doubly labelled water method, Caloric Restriction, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, biomarkers, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, energy balance, Biochemistry, chemistry, Ageing, ageing, Basal metabolic rate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract: International audience; A life-long follow-up of physiological and behavioural functions was initiated in 38-month-old mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) to test whether caloric restriction (CR) or a potential mimetic compound, resveratrol (RSV), can delay the ageing process and the onset of age-related diseases. Based on their potential survival of 12 years, mouse lemurs were assigned to three different groups: a control (CTL) group fed ad libitum, a CR group fed 70% of the CTL caloric intake and a RSV group (200 mg/kg.day(-1)) fed ad libitum. Since this prosimian primate exhibits a marked annual rhythm in body mass gain during winter, animals were tested throughout the year to assess body composition, daily energy expenditure (DEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity and hormonal levels. After 1 year, all mouse lemurs seemed in good health. CR animals showed a significantly decreased body mass compared with the other groups during long day period only. CR or RSV treatments did not affect body composition. CR induced a decrease in DEE without changes in RMR, whereas RSV induced a concomitant increase in DEE and RMR without any obvious modification of locomotor activity in both groups. Hormonal levels remained similar in each group. In summary, after 1 year of treatment CR and RSV induced differential metabolic responses but animals successfully acclimated to their imposed diets. The RESTRIKAL study can now be safely undertaken on a long-term basis to determine whether age-associated alterations in mouse lemurs are delayed with CR and if RSV can mimic these effects.
Published: 2011

26. Cascading Effects of Conspecific Aggression on Oxidative Status and Telomere Length in Zebra Finches

Author: Martin Quque, Charly Ferreira, Sebastian Sosa, Quentin Schull, Sandrine Zahn, François Criscuolo, Josefa Bleu, Vincent A. Viblanc, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Physiology, Telomere, behavioral ecology, Biochemistry, Aggression, social environment, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Oxidative Stress, Physical Conditioning, Animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, path analysis, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Finches, competition, Taeniopygia guttata
Abstract: International audience; Living in social groups may exacerbate interindividual competition for territory, food, and mates, leading to stress and possible health consequences. Unfavorable social contexts have been shown to elevate glucocorticoid levels (often used as biomarkers of individual stress), but the downstream consequences of socially stressful environments are rarely explored. Our study experimentally tests the mechanistic links between social aggression, oxidative stress, and somatic maintenance in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Over 64 d, we measured the effects of aggression (received or emitted) on the individual oxidative status, body condition, and changes in relative telomere length (rTL) of birds living in high- and low-social-density conditions. Using path analyses, we found that birds living at high social density increased their aggressive behavior. Birds receiving the highest number of aggressions exhibited the strongest activation of antioxidant defenses and highest plasmatic levels of reactive oxygen metabolites. In turn, this prevented birds from maintaining or restoring telomere length between the beginning and the end of the experiment. Received aggression also had a direct negative effect on changes in rTL, unrelated to oxidative stress. In contrast, emitted aggression had no significant effect on individual oxidative stress or changes in rTL. Body condition did not appear to affect the physiological response to aggression or oxidative stress. At low density, we found trends that were similar to those at high density but nonsignificant. Our study sheds light on the causal chain linking the social environment and aggressive behavior to individual oxidative stress and telomere length. The long-term consequences of socially induced stress on fitness remain to be characterized
Published: 2022

27. Juvenile emperor penguin range calls for extended conservation measures in the Southern Ocean

Author: Eisen O, Ben Fabry, Houstin A, Karine Heerah, Planas-Bielsa, Céline Le Bohec, Daniel P. Zitterbart, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Biophysics Group Friedrich-Alexander University, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, conservation biology, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Juvenile, early life, 14. Life underwater, Multidisciplinary, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Geography, Habitat, Habitat distribution, Emperor, polar regions, Marine protected area, MPA network, business, seabirds
Abstract: To protect the unique and rich biodiversity of the Southern Ocean, conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented. Currently, the establishment of several additional protection zones is being considered based on the known habitat distributions of key species of the ecosystems including emperor penguins and other marine top predators. However, the distribution of such species at sea is often insufficiently sampled. Specifically, current distribution models focus on the habitat range of adult animals and neglect that immatures and juveniles can inhabit different areas. By tracking eight juvenile emperor penguins in the Weddell Sea over 1 year and performing a meta-analysis including previously known data from other colonies, we show that conservation efforts in the Southern Ocean are insufficient for protecting this highly mobile species, and particularly its juveniles. We find that juveniles spend approximately 90% of their time outside the boundaries of proposed and existing MPAs, and that their distribution extends beyond (greater than 1500 km) the species' extent of occurrence as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Our data exemplify that strategic conservation plans for the emperor penguin and other long-lived ecologically important species should consider the dynamic habitat range of all age classes.
Published: 2022

28. Effect of exercise on energy expenditure and body composition in astronauts onboard the International Space Station

Author: Pierre, Bourdier, Alexandre, Zahariev, Dale, Schoeller, Isabelle, Chery, Le Roux, Elisa, Cécile, Thevenot, Alain, Maillet, Maël, Garnotel, Guillemette, Gauquelin-Koch, Audrey, Bergouignan, Stéphane, Blanc, Simon, Chantal, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institut de Médecine et de Physiologie Spatiales (MEDES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université de Clermont-Ferrand-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), CADMOS-CNES, Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Colorado [Denver], Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and Gaillard, Brigitte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Objective: Body mass (BM) loss and body composition (BC) changes threaten astronauts' health and mission success. However, the energetics contribution of the exercise countermeasure to these changes has never been investigated during long-term missions. We studied energy balance and BC in astronauts during 6-month missions onboard the International Space Station. Methods: Before and after at least 3 months in space, BM, BC, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and AEE) were measured using the doubly labeled water method in 11 astronauts (2011-2017). Physical activity (PA) was assessed by the SensewearPro® activity-device. Results: Three-month spaceflight decreased BM (-1.20kg (SE 0.5); P=0.04), mainly due to non-significant fat-free mass loss (FFM;-0.94kg (0.59)). The decrease in walking time (-63.2min/day (11.5); P
Published: 2022

29. Aspergillosis in a colony of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) under managed care: a clinical and environmental investigation in a French zoological park

Author: Estelle Cateau, Antoine Leclerc, Noémie Cartier, Isabel Valsecchi, Éric Bailly, Ronan Le Senechal, Margaux Becerra, Brice Le Gallou, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Adélaïde Chesnay, Jean-Patrice Robin, Carolyn Cray, Nicolas Goddard, Milan Thorel, Jacques Guillot, Baptiste Mulot, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie - Médecine Tropicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), ZooParc de Beauval, Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Université - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), and École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: Azoles, Antifungal Agents, MICs, microsatellite genotypin, Aspergillus fumigatus, Managed Care Programs, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, General Medicine, Spheniscidae, Fungal Proteins, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Spheniscidae, Drug Resistance, Fungal, birds, Mutation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Aspergillus nishimurae, cyp51A, Animals, Aspergillosis, Humans, MESH: Aspergillosis, azole-resistance, Humboldt penguins
Abstract: Aspergillosis is pervasive in bird populations, especially those under human care. Its management can be critically impacted by exposure to high levels of conidia and by resistance to azole drugs. The fungal contamination in the environment of a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) group, housed in a French zoological park next to numerous large crop fields, was assessed through three serial sessions of surface sampling in nests, in 2018–20: all isolates were counted and characterized by sequencing. When identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, they were systematically screened for resistance mutations in the cyp51A gene and tested for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determination. At the same time, the clinical incidence of aspergillosis was evaluated in the penguin population by the means of systematic necropsy and mycological investigations. A microsatellite-based analysis tracked the circulation of A. fumigatus strains. Environmental investigations highlighted the substantial increase of the fungal load during the summer season (>12-fold vs. the other timepoints) and a large overrepresentation of species belonging to the Aspergillus section Fumigati, ranging from 22.7 to 94.6% relative prevalence. Only one cryptic species was detected (A. nishimurae), and one isolate exhibited G138S resistance mutation with elevated MICs. The overall incidence of aspergillosis was measured at ∼3.4% case-years, and mostly in juveniles. The analysis of microsatellite polymorphism revealed a high level of genetic diversity among A. fumigatus clinical isolates. In contrast, one environmental strain appeared largely overrepresented during the summer sampling session. In all, the rural location of the zoo did not influence the emergence of resistant strains. Lay summary
Published: 2022

30. Telomere dynamics in female Columbian ground squirrels: recovery after emergence and loss after reproduction

Author: Vincent A. Viblanc, François Criscuolo, Sebastian Sosa, Quentin Schull, Rudy Boonstra, Claire Saraux, Mathilde Lejeune, Jeffrey D. Roth, Pierre Uhlrich, Sandrine Zahn, F. Stephen Dobson, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté d'odontologie (AMU ODONTO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Auburn University (AU)
Subjects: Male, Aging, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, costs, population, length, Stress, Hibernation, evolution, Animals, oxidative stress, Longitudinal Studies, Telomerase, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mammals, Cost of reproduction, alters, Reproduction, life-history, Sciuridae, Telomere Homeostasis, Telomere, Telomeres, shorten, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, torpor
Abstract: WOS:000812453100001; International audience; Telomeres are specialized non-coding DNA sequences located at the end of chromosomes and that protect genetic information. Telomere loss over lifespan is generally viewed as a phenomenon associated with aging in animals. Recently, telomere elongation after hibernation has been described in several mammals. Whether this pattern is an adaptation to repair DNA damage caused during rewarming from torpor or if it coevolved as a mechanism to promote somatic maintenance in preparation for the upcoming reproductive effort remains unclear. In a longitudinal study measuring telomere length using buccal swabs, we tested if telomere elongation was related to reproductive success in wild adult female Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) that were monitored from emergence from hibernation to the end of the reproductive season. We found three key results. First, female telomere length increased at the start of the breeding season, both in breeding and non-breeding individuals. Second, post-emergence telomere lengthening was unrelated to female future reproductive output. Third, telomere length decreased in breeding females during lactation, but remained stable in non-breeding females over a similar period. Within breeders, telomeres shortened more in females producing larger and heavier litters. We concluded that telomere lengthening after hibernation did not constrain immediate female reproductive capacities. It was more likely to be part of the body recovery process that takes place after hibernation. Telomere erosion that occurs after birth may constitute a physiological cost of female reproduction.
Published: 2022

31. Editorial: Metabolic Flexibility

Author: Jose E. Galgani, Audrey Bergouignan, Jennifer Rieusset, Cedric Moro, Julie-Anne Nazare, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Gaillard, Brigitte
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Food Science
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

32. Physiological responses to chronic heat exposure in an aging non-human primate species, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)

Author: Philippe Zizzari, Stéphane Blanc, Jérémy Terrien, Fabienne Aujard, Jacques Epelbaum, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894)
Subjects: Male, Aging, MESH: Body Temperature, MESH: Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Lemur, MESH : Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, MESH : Drinking, non-human primate, MESH: Energy Intake, Biochemistry, Body Temperature, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, MESH : Locomotion, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Primate, MESH: Aging, MESH: Animals, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, MESH : Body Weight, photoperiodism, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mouse lemur, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Energy Metabolism, Circadian Rhythm, MESH: Body Temperature Regulation, heat exposure, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, IGF-1, MESH: Cheirogaleidae, Cheirogaleidae, MESH: Drinking, Locomotion, Body Temperature Regulation, Hyperthermia, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, core temperature, MESH : Male, Photoperiod, MESH: Locomotion, Drinking, MESH: Photoperiod, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Circadian rhythm, MESH: Circadian Rhythm, water turnover, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Body Temperature, MESH : Cheirogaleidae, Body Weight, MESH : Energy Intake, MESH : Circadian Rhythm, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH : Body Temperature Regulation, energy balance, MESH : Aging, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, MESH : Energy Metabolism, MESH : Animals, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH : Photoperiod
Abstract: International audience; Epidemiological evidence related to increased death from hyperthermia suggests higher frailty in the elderly when exposed to high ambient temperatures. Despite the recent awareness of such public health problems, integrative studies investigating the effects of age on the physiological responses to heat wave thermal conditions remain scarce. Daily rhythmicity of core temperature (T(c)) and locomotor activity (LA), as well as parameters representative of energy balance and IGF-1 levels which are involved in the aging process and stress resistance, were monitored in a non-human primate species, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Adult and aged animals, acclimated to long days (LD) or short days (SD), were monitored during 8-day periods of exposure to 25 ° C and 34 ° C. Adult animals displayed efficient coping with heat exposure, regardless of the photoperiod. Hence, efficient responses resulted in decrease of energy intake, energy expenditure, IGF-1 levels and LA levels, promoting hyperthermia avoidance. Positive energy balance was maintained and water turnover did not change significantly after heat exposure. In contrast, while aged animals acclimated to LD responded similarly to adults, aged mouse lemurs acclimated to SD showed great difficulties coping with heat exposure. Indeed, in this group, normothermia impairment was associated with increased T(c) levels, alterations in daily rhythmicity, negative energy balance and increased IGF-1 levels. Impaired responses to heat exposure were seen in aged mouse lemurs acclimated to SD only. The main effects were observed during diurnal resting periods, suggesting decreased capacities with age to dissipate excess body heat. Taken together, these data highlight daily rhythmicity and IGF-1 pathway as main targets in the impaired response to heat exposure in the elderly.
Published: 2010

33. Morphology, ontogenesis and mechanics of cervical vertebrae in four species of penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae)

Author: Céline Le Bohec, Geoffrey Guinard, Didier Marchand, Frédéric Courant, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), and Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Spheniscidae, Cervical vertebrae, Modularity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Penguins, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Ichthyosaur, 14. Life underwater, Southern Hemisphere, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, Eudyptes chrysolophus, biology, Ecology, Pelagic zone, biology.organism_classification, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Ontogenesis, Key (lock), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Pygoscelis papua
Abstract: 16 pages; International audience; Penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae) are pelagic, flightless seabirds, restricted to the southern hemisphere (Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas, New Zealand, Australia, and nearby islands, as well as parts of South America and South Africa). They spend much of their life at sea, but return to islands and coasts to breed. Penguins are terrestrial as juveniles and aquatic as adults. To improve hydrodynamics, penguins tuck in their necks while swimming. They thus attain an ‘‘ichthyosaur'' or ‘‘cetacean'' body shape: characterised by telescoped cervicals. This mechanism is also used on land, associated with the posture of these birds. Our study of neck structure and cervical vertebrae morphology (morphological description, biometry and contour analysis) of the King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua), Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Humboldt Penguin (Sphensicus humboldti) shows a highly specialised fitting in adults, which develops during ontogenesis. The growth of penguins proceeds by stages and there are key stages with regard to the design of the neck. Despite a common main structure, some characteristics vary between species. Distribution of cervical vertebrae can be defined by six modules. There are differences in modularity between species and also within species between different ontogenetical phases.
Published: 2010

34. Les processus de recrutement dans les déplacements de groupe chez les ongulés

Author: Thierry, Bernard, Bourjade, Marie, Ramseyer, Amandine, Boissy, Alain, Dumont, Bertrand, Hausberger, Martine, Petit, Odile, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GDR CNRS 2822 Ethologie et UMR CNRS 5169 CRCA, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AR-Etho, Partenaires INRAE, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), ProdInra, Migration, and ETHOS, UMR6552
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ETHOLOGIE, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2010

35. Acute effects of sedentary breaks on vascular health in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Author: Amy G. Huebschmann, Jane E.B. Reusch, Audrey Bergouignan, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Judith G. Regensteiner, Mary O. Whipple, Kevin S. Masters, University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], University of Colorado [Denver], Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Acute effects, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cochrane Library, Article, Vascular health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Exercise, Aged, Sitting Position, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, Obesity, 3. Good health, Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Sedentary Behavior, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the acute effects of interrupting/breaking up prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) on vascular health among individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted on April 7, 2020. Included studies: (1) examined the effect of breaking up prolonged SB in adults with or at elevated risk for T2D and (2) assessed a vascular health outcome, such as blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse-wave velocity, or endothelin-1. A total of 20 articles (17 unique studies) were included. Only three studies reported adequate statistical power for the specified vascular outcome. The available evidence suggests that light and moderate intensity activity breaks are effective in acutely lowering BP when compared to prolonged sitting. The small number of studies that included FMD or other vascular outcomes prohibits conclusions regarding the impact of SB breaks on these outcomes. Few studies evaluating the impact of breaking up SB among adults at risk for T2D have included and been adequately powered to examine vascular outcomes, but our preliminary finding, that certain SB breaks improve BP, provides proof-of-concept for this line of inquiry. Future studies should examine both the acute and chronic vascular effects of breaking up SB among individuals most vulnerable to the effects of SB (e.g. older adults, those with T2D), as these individuals are both highly sedentary and at greatest risk of poor health outcomes. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020183423.
Published: 2021

36. Decision making in group departures of sheep is a continuous process

Author: Bernard Thierry, Amandine Ramseyer, Bertrand Dumont, Alain Boissy, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ovis aries, sheep, media_common.quotation_subject, collective, Physical activity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.NEU.PC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Social group, predeparture, Coordinated movement, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 05 social sciences, Social relation, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], recruitment, Social relationship, Head movements, Animal Science and Zoology, movement, Psychology, Social psychology, Vigilance (psychology)
Abstract: International audience; For coordinated movement, group-living individuals have to reach consensus decisions through recruitment processes. Success in recruitment can depend on the spatial distribution and behaviour of animals before and/or after departure, and on their affinitive relationships. We tested the effect of such factors on recruitment processes in a group of 19 ewe lambs, Ovis aries, at pasture. Two observers continuously videotaped the behaviours of animals from a platform located in the centre of the field. Results showed that group orientation, group vigilance and activities such as head movements, stillness and number of steps increased before departure. Using general linear modelling we found that changes in most of these variables predicted the number of participants in movements. Similarly, activity of the first mover was modified in the last 2 min preceding departure, and at departure time the location and number of close neighbours of the first mover were especially influential in recruiting conspecifics. Animals first recruited were those that were close to the first mover and also its preferential partners. The behaviours of the second and third moving individuals could further influence the recruitment process. Moreover, there were clues that individuals were able to recruit others intentionally. Our findings emphasize that decision making in a group of domestic sheep was a continuous and distributed process. Recruitment depended both on group state and on the behaviour of individuals and their social relationships.
Published: 2009

37. Les mécanismes collectifs de la décision dans les déplacements de groupes de chevaux et de vaches

Author: Thierry, Bernard, Bourjade, Marie, Ramseyer, Amandine, Boissy, Alain, Dumont, Bertrand, Hausberger, Martine, Petit, Odile, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie ( EVE ), Ethologie animale et humaine ( EthoS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ETHOS, UMR6552
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2007

38. Increased peripheral lipid clearance in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. : Lipid metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice

Author: Fergani, Anissa, Oudart, Hugues, Gonzalez De Aguilar, Jose-Luis, Fricker, Bastien, René, Frédérique, Hocquette, Jean-François, Meininger, Vincent, Dupuis, Luc, Loeffler, Jean-Philippe, Laboratoire de signalisation moléculaire et neurodégénerescence, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre Référent Maladie Rare Sclerose Lateral Amyotrophique, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], HDL, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], intestinal absorption, Plasma lipoproteins, neurodegeneration, skeletal muscle, motor neuron, liver metabolism, LDL
Abstract: International audience; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult motor neuron disease, causing motor neuron degeneration, muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death. Despite this degenerative process, a stable hypermetabolic state has been observed in a large subset of patients. Mice expressing a mutant form of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (mSOD1 mice) constitute an animal model of ALS that, like patients, exhibits unexpectedly increased energy expenditure. Counterbalancing for this increase with a high-fat diet extends lifespan and prevents motor neuron loss. Here, we investigated whether lipid metabolism is defective in this animal model. Hepatic lipid metabolism was roughly normal, whereas gastrointestinal absorption of lipids as well as peripheral clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were markedly increased, leading to decreased postprandial lipidemia. This defect was corrected by the high-fat regimen that typically induces neuroprotection in these animals. Together, our findings show that energy metabolism in mSOD1 mice shifts toward an increase in the peripheral use of lipids. This metabolic shift probably accounts for the protective effect of dietary lipids in this model.
Published: 2007

39. Effect of cheese consumption on emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microflora induced by a short course of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

Author: Xavier Bertrand, E. Beuvier, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Daniel Talon, V. Dufour, Renaud Piarroux, Dominique-Angèle Vuitton, Laurence Millon, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), School of Psychology, University of St Andrew, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), WHO Collaborating Center on Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, SERF Unit, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] ( IBCP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: MESH : Escherichia coli, Antibiotics, Pasteurization, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, law.invention, Probiotic, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Cheese, 030212 general & internal medicine, Food science, Longitudinal Studies, MESH : Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH : Intestines, MESH : Longitudinal Studies, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Escherichia coli, MESH : Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, MESH: Feces, General Medicine, MESH : Cheese, Raw milk, INTESTINAL MICROFLORA, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Intestines, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Enterococcus, France, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, MESH: Intestines, medicine.drug_class, MESH: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Biology, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Probiotics, Clavulanic acid, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, MESH : France, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Probiotics, MESH : Humans, MESH : Enterococcus, MESH : Feces, Amoxicillin, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cheese, MESH: France, Enterococcus, AMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID, MESH: Probiotics
Abstract: International audience; AIM: To study in a sequential prospective trial, the effect of cheese consumption on the emergence of Escherichia coli and enterococci resistance to amoxicillin after amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study comprised two phases separated by 1 year. Each phase lasted 75 days for each volunteer (from day -13 to day 61). During the first phase, 18 healthy volunteers were given a 1-g dose of amoxiclav orally twice a day for 5 days (from day 0 to day 4). The design of phase 2 was identical to that of phase 1, except that the volunteers consumed 100 g of hard-cooked cheese from day -6 to day 19. Faecal samples were collected 20 times throughout the trial and were quantitatively assayed for total and amoxicillin-resistant (Amox(R)) E. coli and enterococci. The consumption of experimental cheese was associated with a decrease of Amox(R) enterococci during the post-antibiotic period, with the maximum level of Amox(R) enterococci falling from 6.2% to 0.03%. This effect was not observed for E. coli, and the type of cheese (raw milk vs pasteurized milk) did not influence the results. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of cheese during amoxiclav treatment reduces the emergence of Amox(R) enterococci in faeces. SIGNIFICANCE AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our clinical pilot trial suggests that there are likely to be benefits from consuming probiotic-containing cheese during antibiotic treatment.
Published: 2007

40. Physiology of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviours and non‐exercise activity: insights from the space bedrest model

Author: Stéphane Blanc, Audrey Bergouignan, Daniel H. Bessesen, Elisa Le Roux, Nathan P. De Jong, Chantal Simon, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Endocrinology metaboism and diabetes, Anschutz Health & Wellness Center, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNRS GDR Sport & Activite PhysiqueNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institute for Health (NIH)F31DK125061Colorado Nutrition Obesity Research CentreNORC P30DK048520Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, and Gaillard, Brigitte
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, non, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health outcomes, Muscle mass, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Regular exercise, Adverse health effect, medicine, Humans, Daily living, Metabolic health, Exercise activity, exercise, business.industry, bedrest, moderate to vigorous physical activity, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Increased risk, physical inactivity, Physical therapy, light physical activity, Sedentary Behavior, business, metabolism, Bed Rest, ‐exercise activity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Physical inactivity, i.e., not reaching the recommended level of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB), i.e., sitting time have been associated with increased risk for common metabolic diseases. Recent epidemiological data suggest that high volumes of SB are detrimental for metabolic health, even in the presence of regular exercise, i.e., moderate/vigorous (MVPA). This suggests that the health effects of SB are independent from those of exercise. However, experimentally testing this hypothesis is complicated because of the difficulty in disassociating SB from PA. Bedrest studies, a traditional space science model, can offer new insights. In some bedrest studies, an exercise training protocol has been used to counteract the harmful effects of inactivity. While bedrest induces an inactive and sedentary state, exercise with bedrest represents a unique model of sedentary yet physically active people. Here, we review bedrest studies with and without exercise training. Although exercise training prevents the loss of muscle mass and function, even large volumes of exercise are not sufficient to fully counteract the negative metabolic adaptations triggered by inactivity. This observation supports the existence of independent adverse health effects of SB, but also the potential benefits of non‐exercise activity, i.e., daily living light‐intensity activities (LPA). We gathered available data to examine the complex relationships between exercise, non‐exercise activity, SB and health outcomes. Given the large amount of SB in modern societies, the sole promotion of exercise, i.e., MVPA may be insufficient, and promotion of LPA may be a complimentary approach to improve health.
Published: 2021

41. Prolonged growth during the food-restricted dry season in a small African mammal

Author: Carsten Schradin, Rebecca Rimbach, Neville Pillay, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, senescence, N. & Schradin, postnatal growth, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pillay, C. 2021. Prolonged growth during the food-restricted dry season in a small, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Eco-physiology, Dry season, Genetics, Rimbach, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, R, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, plasticity, rodents, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Mammal, pace-of-life
Abstract: Studying how different environmental parameters, such as resource availability and ambient temperature, affect growth rates aids to understand the evolution of different growth strategies. Low levels of food availability restrict growth, and high ambient temperature can constrain growth via trade-offs between body temperature maintenance and heat produced during digestion. We studied growth of African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio), a small mammal living in a seasonally arid habitat. Striped mice are born during spring with high food availability and low ambient temperature, and typically enter the food-restricted dry season before reaching adulthood. We predicted low food availability and high ambient temperature would negatively affect growth. We therefore expected an extended period of slow growth during the long dry season. We repeatedly measured body length of 369 free-living individuals, examined how ambient temperature and food availability influenced growth rate, and seasonal changes in growth rate. In addition, we investigated whether mice (N = 27) born in summer (atypical breeding season) have slower growth rates than those born in spring. Growth rate increased with increasing food availability and decreased with increasing ambient temperature. Individuals born in summer grew slower than those born in spring. Sexes reached asymptotic body length at 258 days (females) and 285 days (males), which is an unusually long growth period compared with other small rodents. As most striped mice live for less than 1 year, this period encompasses the entire life for most individuals, but stops at old age, which could indicate senescence. Our results demonstrate a positive influence of food availability on growth, a relationship mediated by ambient temperature. We conclude that striped mice enter the food-restricted dry season before postnatal growth is terminated, and early exposure to harsh environmental conditions during the long dry season likely explains the prolonged growth period in striped mice.
Published: 2021

42. Do alternative reproductive tactics predict problem-solving performance in African striped mice?

Author: Neville Pillay, Carsten Schradin, Celine Rochais, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: cognition, 0106 biological sciences, N. & Schradin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pillay, Developmental psychology, Task (project management), C, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Big Five personality traits, education, Association (psychology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality, media_common, education.field_of_study, consistency, Boldness, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Alternative reproductive tactics · Cognition · Consistency · Innovation · Personality, innovation, C. 2021. Do alternative reproductive tactics predict problem-solving performance in African striped mice? Animal Cognition Alternative Reproductive Tactics, personality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Psychology, Rochais
Abstract: International audience; In changing environments, animals face unexpected problems to solve. Not all individuals in a population are equally able tosolve new problems. It still remains unclear what factors (e.g. age and body condition) influence the propensity of problemsolving. We investigated variation in problem-solving performance among males following alternative reproductive tactics(ARTs). We studied a free-ranging population of the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio). Adult male striped micecan employ 3 ARTs: (1) dominant group-living breeders, (2) philopatric living in their natal group, and (3) solitary-livingroamers. ARTs in male striped mice reflect differences in competitiveness, sociality and physiology which could influencetheir problem-solving performance. We tested a total of 48 males in 2 years with two tasks: a string-pulling task to reachfood and a door-opening task to reach the nest. Since male striped mice differ in personality traits independent of ARTs, wealso measured activity, boldness and exploration. In addition, we assessed the association of body condition and age withproblem solving. Problem solving was related the interaction of age and ARTs. The younger philopatrics had better performancein a food-extraction task whereas the older breeders were faster at solving the door-opening task. Individual differencesin traits related to personality were significant correlates of problem-solving performance: pro-active mice (i.e. moreactive and explorative and bolder) performed better in both tasks. Finally, problem-solving performance was not consistentbetween the two tasks. Our study provides evidence of correlates of ARTs, age and personality on problem-solving abilities.
Published: 2021

43. Animal social networks: Towards an integrative framework embedding social interactions, space and time

Author: Mathieu Lihoreau, Sebastian Sosa, David M. P. Jacoby, Cédric Sueur, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Gaillard, Brigitte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Theoretical computer science, Spacetime, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecological Modeling, Embedding, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

44. Temporal fluctuations in zooplankton size, abundance, and taxonomic composition since 1995 in the North Western Mediterranean Sea

Author: Laëtitia Jalabert, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lars Stemmann, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Claire Saraux, Guillaume Feuilloley, Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, zooplankton, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Taxonomic composition, Mediterranean sea, Abundance (ecology), North Western Mediterranean Sea, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, time series, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In the Gulf of Lions, small pelagic fish have shown reduced body size and body condition after 2007 that would result from changes in zooplankton community. We therefore examined zooplankton density, body size, and taxonomic composition at the closest long-term monitoring station (1995–2019): the coastal Point-B. To cover a broader spectrum of zooplankton community, samples obtained from two nets, the WP2 (200 µm mesh size) and the Regent (690 µm), were analysed with the imaging Zooscan method. One important result was the high stability through time of the zooplankton community. No long-term monotonous trends in density, size, and taxonomic composition were detected. Interannual variations in zooplankton size and density were not significantly correlated to any environmental variable, suggesting the possible importance of biotic interactions. Still, an increase in temperature was followed by a sharp decrease of zooplankton density in 2015, after which only gelatinous groups recovered. No change in the zooplankton community was detected around 2007 to support bottom-up control on small pelagic fish. Whether this derives from different local processes between the Gulf of Lions and the Ligurian Sea cannot be excluded, highlighting the need for simultaneous monitoring of different ecosystem compartments to fully understand the impact of climate change.
Published: 2022

45. Positive selection over the mitochondrial genome and its role in the diversification of gentoo penguins in response to adaptation in isolation

Author: Noll, D., Leon, F., Brandt, D., Pistorius, P., Le Bohec, Céline, Bonadonna, F., Trathan P., N., Barbosa, A., Raya Rey, A., Dantas G. P., M., Bowie R. C., K., Poulin, E., Vianna J., A., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of South Carolina [Columbia], DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie comportementale (EC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e islas del Atlántico Sur (UNTDF), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Phylogeography, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome, Mitochondrial, Animals, Antarctic Regions, DNA, Mitochondrial, Spheniscidae, Phylogeny
Abstract: Although mitochondrial DNA has been widely used in phylogeography, evidence has emerged that factors such as climate, food availability, and environmental pressures that produce high levels of stress can exert a strong influence on mitochondrial genomes, to the point of promoting the persistence of certain genotypes in order to compensate for the metabolic requirements of the local environment. As recently discovered, the gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) comprise four highly divergent lineages across their distribution spanning the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. Gentoo penguins therefore represent a suitable animal model to study adaptive processes across divergent environments. Based on 62 mitogenomes that we obtained from nine locations spanning all four gentoo penguin lineages, we demonstrated lineage-specific nucleotide substitutions for various genes, but only lineage-specific amino acid replacements for the ND1 and ND5 protein-coding genes. Purifying selection (dN/dS 1) was mostly present in codons of the Complex I (NADH genes), supported by two different codon-based methods at the ND1 and ND4 in the most divergent lineages, the eastern gentoo penguin from Crozet and Marion Islands and the southern gentoo penguin from Antarctica respectively. Additionally, ND5 and ATP6 were under selection in the branches of the phylogeny involving all gentoo penguins except the eastern lineage. Our study suggests that local adaptation of gentoo penguins has emerged as a response to environmental variability promoting the fixation of mitochondrial haplotypes in a non-random manner. Mitogenome adaptation is thus likely to have been associated with gentoo penguin diversification across the Southern Ocean and to have promoted their survival in extreme environments such as Antarctica. Such selective processes on the mitochondrial genome may also be responsible for the discordance detected between nuclear- and mitochondrial-based phylogenies of gentoo penguin lineages., Financial support for this study was provided by Beca ANID Doctorado Nacional (Folio: 21171214), Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE) ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN2021_002, Inach RT_12-14, Fondecyt 1150517, PIA ACT172065 GAB, Center of genome regulation (CRG) ANID/FONDAP/15200002, the CNPq (431463/2016-6) and the PROANTAR, IPEV programs 137 ANTAVIA-ECOPHY and 354 ETHOTAAF and by the Spanish Research Agency (CGL2004-01348, CGL2007-60369, POL2006-06635 and CTM2015-64720-R).
Published: 2022

46. Body surface rewarming in fully and partially hypothermic king penguins

Author: André Ancel, Batshéva Bonnet, Andreas Nord, Dominic J. McCafferty, Florent Chauvet, Agnès Lewden, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Leeds, Department of Biology Lund University, University of Glasgow, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 030110 physiology, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, bird, Thermal imaging, Physiology, Hypothermia, Thermoregulation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Thermal windows, Internal temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, Animal science, Bird, Body surface, thermal imaging, medicine, Animals, Vasomotor response, Heterothermy, polar, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, thermoregulation, Original Paper, Ecology, biology, penguin, biology.organism_classification, Spheniscidae, Recovery stage, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Vasodilation, Vasoconstriction, heterothermy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, Body Temperature Regulation, Field conditions
Abstract: Penguins face a major thermal transition when returning to land in a hypothermic state after a foraging trip. Uninsulated appendages (flippers and feet) could provide flexible heat exchange during subsequent rewarming. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation could be delayed during this recovery stage. To this end, we designed an experiment to examine patterns of surface rewarming in fully hypothermic (the cloaca and peripheral regions (here; flippers, feet and the breast)
Published: 2020

47. Foster rather than biological parental telomere length predicts offspring survival and telomere length in king penguins

Author: Antoine Stier, François Criscuolo, Laureline Durand, Vincent A. Viblanc, Quentin Schull, Emilie Lefol, Pierre Bize, Jean-Patrice Robin, Sandrine Zahn, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, University of Turku, University of Turku, L'Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Offspring, Hatching, Reproduction, Mothers, Telomere, Biology, Spheniscidae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Egg laying, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Female, Chickens, Paternal care, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Foster parents, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Because telomere length and dynamics relate to individual growth, reproductive investment and survival, telomeres have emerged as possible markers of individual quality. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, in species with parental care, parental telomere length can be a marker of parental quality that predicts offspring phenotype and survival. In king penguins, we experimentally swapped the single egg of 66 breeding pairs just after egg laying to disentangle the contribution of pre‐laying parental quality (e.g . genetics, investment in the egg) and/or post‐laying parental quality (e.g . incubation, postnatal feeding rate) on offspring growth, telomere length and survival. Parental quality was estimated through the joint effects of biological and foster parent telomere length on offspring traits, both soon after hatching (day 10) and at the end of the pre‐winter growth period (day 105). We expected that offspring traits would be mostly related to the telomere lengths (i.e. quality) of biological parents at day 10 and to the telomere lengths of foster parents at day 105. Results show that chick survival up to 10 days was negatively related to biological fathers’ telomere length whereas survival up to 105 days was positively related to foster fathers’ telomere lengths. Chick growth was neither related to biological nor to foster parents’ telomere length. Chick telomere length was positively related to foster mothers’ telomere length at both 10 and 105 days. Overall, our study shows that, in a species with bi‐parental care, parents’ telomere length is foremost a proxy of post‐laying parental care quality, supporting the “telomere – parental quality hypothesis”.
Published: 2020

48. Oceanic thermal structure mediates dive sequences in a foraging seabird

Author: Akiko Kato, Francisco Ramírez, Xavier Meyer, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, André Chiaradia, Cédric Sueur, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, thermocline, Foraging, Aucun, foraging behavior, fractal analysis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, 03 medical and health sciences, Water column, sea surface temperature, lcsh:QH540-549.5, biology.animal, behavioral complexity, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Trophic level, 0303 health sciences, Eudyptula minor, Ecology, biology, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, little penguin, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology, hal-02638795, Seabird, Thermocline
Abstract: Changes in marine ecosystems are easier to detect in upper‐level predators, like seabirds, which integrate trophic interactions throughout the food web.Here, we examined whether diving parameters and complexity in the temporal organization of diving behavior of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) are influenced by sea surface temperature (SST), water stratification, and wind speed—three oceanographic features influencing prey abundance and distribution in the water column.Using fractal time series analysis, we found that foraging complexity, expressed as the degree of long‐range correlations or memory in the dive series, was associated with SST and water stratification throughout the breeding season, but not with wind speed. Little penguins foraging in warmer/more‐stratified waters exhibited greater determinism (memory) in foraging sequences, likely as a response to prey aggregations near the thermocline. They also showed higher foraging efficiency, performed more dives and dove to shallower depths than those foraging in colder/less‐stratified waters.Reductions in the long‐term memory of dive sequences, or in other words increases in behavioral stochasticity, may suggest different strategies concerning the exploration–exploitation trade‐off under contrasting environmental conditions., Little penguins foraging in warmer/more‐stratified waters exhibited less stochastic foraging sequences likely as a response to prey aggregations nearby the thermocline. Ultimately, they showed higher foraging efficiency and numbers of dives, and lower mean dive depths than those foraging in colder/less‐stratified waters.
Published: 2020

49. Survival and breeding interval of an endangered marine vertebrate, the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, in French Guiana

Author: J. Chevalier, Marc Girondot, Rachel Berzins, B. de Thoisy, Laurent Kelle, Damien Chevallier, J. Fretey, J. D. Lebreton, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONCFS Campus Agronomique Kourou, Awala, Association Kwata - Etude et protection de la nature [Guyane], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), WWF Guianas, WWF, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Survival, media_common.quotation_subject, Endangered species, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dermochelys coriacea, Leatherback turtle, law.invention, law, lcsh:Botany, Marine vertebrate, lcsh:Zoology, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:QL1-991, Turtle (robot), Multievent models, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Mark loss, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproduction, Capture-mark-recapture, Capture mark recapture, French Guiana, lcsh:QK1-989, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Interval (graph theory), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: In the context of global change, endangered species such as sea turtles undergo strong population dynamics changes. Understanding demographic processes inducing such changes is critical for developing appropriate measures for conservation and management. Nesting females of the French Guiana population of leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea represented 40% of the world’s total in 2001; today, they represent only 10%. Here, we analyze data from the long-term monitoring program of leatherbacks in French Guiana, based on 28 yr of capture-mark-recapture data from 46051 individuals in northwestern French Guiana. We used multievent models (multistate capture-recapture models with state uncertainty) to represent the main peculiarity of the life cycle, intermittent reproduction, and to take advantage of the use of several different types of marks to account for mark loss and incomplete detection. The average annual adult survival probability (mean ± SE) 0.789 ± 0.009 is low compared to published estimates for this species. By combining the estimates of departure and return probabilities, we provide an estimate of the interval among laying seasons equal to 2.777 ± 0.118 yr, which matches previous findings. Taking survival into account, this interval translates into an average of 1.704 ± 0.034 further reproductive seasons for an adult female having just bred, which is remarkably low compared to other long-lived vertebrates. The representation of the life cycle and mark loss in our models provides a sound structure for broader and richer analyses to extract biological information from marked individuals and offers an invaluable source of demographic information on leatherbacks, a species for which only a small segment of the population is accessible to intermittent sampling.
Published: 2020

50. Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird

Author: Pierre A. Pistorius, Jasmine K. H. Sidhu, Philip N. Trathan, Gemma V. Clucas, Adrian Smith, Andrés Barbosa, Francesco Bonnadonna, Michael J. Polito, Charles A. Bost, Andrea Raya Rey, Steven R. Fiddaman, Gary Miller, Céline Le Bohec, Juliana A. Vianna, Richard A. Phillips, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Sarah Crofts, Tom Hart, Daly Noll, Hila Levy, Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research [UK], University of Oxford [Oxford], Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente [Chile], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future and Cornell Lab of Ornithology [USA], Cornell University, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Falklands Conservation, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Department of Zoology [Oxford], Cornell University [New York], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), University of Oxford, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, Gentoo penguin, POSITIVE SELECTION, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sentinel species, pathogen-mediated selection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, positive selection, Genetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Selection, Genetic, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Molecular Biology, Antarctica and Southern Ocean, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Discoveries, 030304 developmental biology, Abiotic component, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS, 0303 health sciences, Innate immune system, biology, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Host (biology), GENTOO PENGUIN, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Toll-Like Receptors, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, Spheniscidae, PATHOGEN-MEDIATED SELECTION, ANTARCTICA AND SOUTHERN OCEAN, immunogenetics, Phylogeography, Evolutionary biology, IMMUNOGENETICS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pygoscelis papua, Flagellin
Abstract: Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between different clades. In this study, we examine the diversity in a key family of innate immune genes-the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-across the range of the Gentoo penguin. The three TLRs that we investigated present varying levels of diversity, with TLR4 and TLR5 greatly exceeding the diversity of TLR7. We present evidence of positive selection in TLR4 and TLR5, which points to pathogen-driven adaptation to the local pathogen milieu. Finally, we demonstrate that two positively selected cosegregating sites in TLR5 are sufficient to alter the responsiveness of the receptor to its bacterial ligand, flagellin. Taken together, these results suggest that Gentoo penguins have experienced distinct pathogen-driven selection pressures in different environments, which may be important given the role of the Gentoo penguin as a sentinel species in some of the world's most rapidly changing environments., The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (Grant No. BB/M011224/1) for S.R.F. Sample collection was funded in part by CONICYT PIA ACT172065 GAB and Spanish Ministry of Science projects CGL2007-60369 and CTM2015-64720.
Published: 2020

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