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The 6th IUFRO Workshop on Connection between Forest Resources and Wood Quality: Modelling Approaches and Simulation Software.

This article presents an educational game to engage university and industrial stakeholders in collaborative training for supply chain management courses. The game will help students learn complex supply chain management issues. There are two integrated parts: a case ethod through an industrial case and an activity-based game featuring role plays based on international television shows such as "Dragons' Den" in Canada or "Shark Tank" in the United States. We developed a game framework to illustrate how the game can be prepared and played in classrooms. Although the game is primarily developed for classroom teaching, it may be adapted to other training environments. We have provided two examples to demonstrate how the game can be played as a short game in conference environments. Game experiences and feedback are presented with comments from various game participants. By interacting with stakeholders and tackling a real-world business case, students can better understand stakeholders' business goals, the importance of supply chain collaboration, and the impacts on supply chain decisions.

The classic wood supply optimisation model maximises even-flow harvest levels and implicitly assumes infinite fibre demand. In many jurisdictions, this modelling assumption is a poor fit for actual fibre consumption, which is typically a subset of total fibre allocation. Failure of the model to anticipate this bias in industrial wood fibre consumption has been linked to increased risk of wood supply failure. In particular, we examine the distributed wood supply planning problem where the roles of forest owner and fibre consumer are played by independent agents. We use game theory to frame interactions between public forest land managers and industrial fibre consumers. We show that the distributed wood supply planning problem can be modelled more accurately using a bi-level formulation and present an extension of the classic wood supply optimisation model that explicitly anticipates industrial fibre consumption behaviour. We present a solution methodology that can solve a convex special case of the problem to global optimality and compare output and solution times of classic and bi-level model formulations using a computational experiment on a realistic dataset. Experimental results show that the bi-level formulation can mitigate risk of wood supply failure. Key words: forest management, fibre procurement, annual allowable cut, industrial consumption, bi-level model, game theory. La formulation classique du modele d'optimisation de la possibilite forestiere maximise le rendement soutenu et pose l'hypothese implicite que la demande de fibre est infinie. Dans plusieurs juridictions, cette hypothese represente mal la reelle consommation de fibre qui est typiquement un sous-ensemble de l'attribution totale. L'incapacite du modele classique de prevoir l'effet de ce biais entre la possibilite forestiere et la consommation reelle est liee a une hausse du risque de ruptures de stock. En particulier, nous examinons le probleme de planification distribuee de l'approvisionnement en bois oU des agents independants jouent les roles de proprietaire de la ressource forestiere et de consommateur de la fibre. Nous utilisons la theorie du jeu pour encadrer les interactions entre le gestionnaire de la ressource et le consommateur industriel. Nous demontrons que le probleme de planification distribuee de l'approvisionnement en bois peut etre modelise plus justement avec une formulation biniveau, et nous presentons une extension du modele d'optimisation classique pouvant anticiper le comportement du consommateur de fibre industriel. Nous presentons une methodologie pour resoudre un cas special convexe a l'optimalite globale, et nous comparons les performances experimentales des formulations classiques et biniveaux a l'aide d'un jeu de donnees synthetique realiste. Les resultats experimentaux montrent que le modele biniveau peux attenuer le risque de ruptures de stock. Mots-cles : planification forestiere, approvisonnement en fibre, possibilite annuelle de coupe, consommation industrielle, modele biniveau, theorie du jeu., 1. Introduction In Canada, provincial government authorities allocate timber licences (TLs) to industrial fibre consumers. These TLs, which grant rights to harvest fibre on public forest land, set species-wise upper [...]

In the forest industry, transportation accounts for a significant part of the operational costs. Reducing transportation costs through advanced planning and improved efficiency has motivated considerable research efforts. A substantial part of the research has been devoted to planning methodology and decision support systems development to solve large complex vehicle routing problems in forest timber or roundwood transportation. This paper reviews the scientific contributions to timber transportation vehicle routing planning methodologies and decision support systems used in case studies found in the literature. The challenges of their deployment are discussed and future research opportunities are presented. Vehicle routing problems in timber transportation differ from general vehicle routing problems in many aspects. This paper also describes the industrial context, in which various timber transportation vehicle routing problems (TTVRPs) are intrinsic. Several attributes are identified that characterize the TTVRPs, for which various planning and solution methodologies have been implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a company is integrated vertically, it can manage and plan its overall value chain in one direct and integrated approach. However in many cases, companies follow a decoupled approach where forests and production plants optimize separately their processes in a supply-driven strategy. In Chile, the two largest forest companies are vertically integrated (i.e., they own forest and mills that produce logs, lumber, plywood, pulp, paper, and bioenergy, etc.). Historically, they have coordinated their value chains using a make-to-stock strategy, for which the forest is the main driver of the value chain activities. In this paper, we propose an integrated planning approach to show the impacts of a demand-driven integration of the value chain in the forest industry. To compare this strategy with the decoupled strategy, we propose a mixed integer programming (MIP) model for the integrated strategy. To illustrate our proposal, we use forest and production information from a Chilean forest company. The decoupled strategy, where the forest and industry planning are planned separately, uses two models. The first model deals with the forest management and harvesting decisions and maximizes the expected net present value (NPV) of logs. In this model, the planning horizon covers one full forest rotation, which in Chile corresponds to about 25 years. The second model maximizes the NPV of the downstream operations for a shorter business planning horizon (five years) constrained by the availability of the logs from the first model. In the integrated approach, all parts of the value chain (forest, transportation, and mills) are driven by final product demand and where the objective is to maximize the profit of the company (NPV of the entire value chain). The demand is only given for the shorter business planning horizon. The two strategies are evaluated using the MIP model, and NPV is used to determine the best practice. According to the results, the NPV can increase up to 5.0% when the proposed integrated strategy is implemented compared to a decoupled strategy. Moreover, the profit for the business period increases up to 8.5%. Key words: value chain management, forest industry, push and pull strategies, long term forest planning, mixed integer programming. Lorsqu'une compagnie est integree verticalement, elle a la possibilite d'utiliser une approche directe et integree pour gerer et planifier de facon globale sa chaine de valeur. Cependant, dans plusieurs cas, les compagnies adoptent une approche decouplee oU les forets et les usines de production optimisent leurs processus separement selon une strategie dictee par l'approvisionnement. Au Chili, les deux plus importantes compagnies forestieres sont integrees verticalement, c.-a-d. qu'elles possedent des forets et des usines qui produisent des grumes, du bois d'oeuvre, du contreplaque, de la pate, du papier, de la bioenergie, etc. Historiquement, elles ont coordonne leurs chaines de valeur en adoptant une strategie de production sur stock selon laquelle la foret est le principal moteur des activites de la chaine de valeur. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche de planification integree pour illustrer les impacts d'une integration de la chaine de valeur controlee par la demande dans l'industrie forestiere. Pour comparer cette strategie avec la strategie decouplee, nous proposons un modele de programmation partiellement en nombres entiers pour la strategie integree. Pour illustrer notre proposition, nous utilisons les informations au sujet de la foret et de la production d'une compagnie forestiere chilienne. Les strategies decouplees oU la planification forestiere et la planification industrielle sont effectuees separement utilisent deux modeles. Le premier modele porte sur les decisions d'amenagement et d'exploitation de la foret et maximise la valeur actualisee nette (VAN) attendue des grumes. Dans ce modele, l'horizon de planification s'etend sur une revolution complete de la foret qui correspond a environ 25 ans au Chili. Le second modele maximise la VAN des activites en aval sur un horizon de planification des affaires plus court (cinq ans) en ayant comme contrainte la disponibilite des grumes selon le premier modele. Dans l'approche integree, tous les maillons de la chaine de valeur (foret, transport et usines) dependent de la demande du produit final et l'objectif consiste a maximiser les profits de la compagnie (VAN de l'ensemble de la chaine de valeur). La demande est fixee seulement pour l'horizon plus court de planification des affaires. Les deux strategies sont evaluees a l'aide du modele de programmation partiellement en nombres entiers et la VAN est utilisee pour determiner les meilleures pratiques. Selon les resultats, l'augmentation de la VAN peut atteindre 5 % lorsque la strategie integree qui est proposee est appliquee comparativement a la strategie decouplee. De plus, l'augmentation des profits pour la periode planification des affaires peut atteindre 8,5 %. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : gestion de la chaine de valeur, industrie forestiere, strategies pousser-tirer, planification forestiere a long terme, programmation partiellement en nombres entiers., Introduction The value chain (VC) in the forest industry starts with harvesting operations, where different log types (e.g., saw logs, pulp logs, and fuel logs) are produced in the bucking [...]

In theory, linkages between hierarchical forest management planning levels ensure coherent disaggregation of long-term wood supply allocation as input for short-term demand-driven harvest planning. In practice, these linkages may be ineffective, and solutions produced may be incoherent in terms of volume and value-creation potential of harvested timber. Systematic incoherence between planned and implemented forest management activities may induce drift of forest system state (i.e., divergence of planned and actual system state trajectories), thus compromising credibility and performance of the forest management planning process. We describe hierarchical forest management from a game-theoretic perspective and present an iterative two-phase model simulating interaction between long- and short-term planning processes. Using an illustrative case study, we confirm the existence of a systematic drift effect, which we attribute to ineffective linkages between long- and short-term planning. In several simulated scenarios, the planning process fails to ensure long-term wood supply sustainability, fails to reliably meet industrial fiber demand over time, and exacerbates incoherence between wood supply and fiber demand over several planning iterations. We show that manipulating linkages between long- and short-term planning processes can reduce incoherence and describe future work on game-theoretic planning process model formulations that may improve hierarchical planning process performance. Resume: En theorie, les systemes de planification hierarchiques integrent des mecanismes de liaison efficaces, assurant ainsi une desaggregation coherente de l'attribution de volumes aux usines lors de la planification detaillee des operations de recolte. En pratique, les mecanismes de liaison entre la planification a long-et a court-terme peuvent etre inefficaces, menant donc a des plans incoherents en termes du volume recolte, de la representation des essences, et du potentiel de creation de valeur des billes livrees aux usines. Cette incoherence entre la planification et l'execution de la recolte peut induire une derive systematique de l'etat du systeme forestier (c.-a-d. divergence entre les trajectoires projetees et realisees), compromettant donc la credibilite et la performance du processus de planification de l'amenagement forestier. Nous decrivons le processus de planification forestiere en termes de la theorie du jeu, et nous simulons l'interaction entre la planification de l'approvisionnement et la planification de la recolte a l'aide d'un modele iteratif a deux phases. Nous presentons une etude de cas, et nous montrons l'existence d'un effet de derive systematique, que nous attribuons a l'innefficacite des mecanismes reliant la planification long- et court-terme. Nous montrons qu'il est possible d'ameliorer la coherence des plans en manipulant les mecanismes de liaison, et proposons des avenues de recherche futures pouvant potentiellement ameliorer la performance du processus de planification hierarchique a l'aide de nouvelles formulations de modeles bases sur la theorie du jeu., 1. Introduction Hierarchical forest management (HFM) on public land may currently be failing on two levels. At the top level, HFM may not be providing credible assurance of long-term sustainability [...]

Companies view collaborations with others as an opportunity to improve their competitiveness, access new markets and respect operational, social and environmental constraints. Nevertheless, each company has its own objectives and [...]