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A [3 + 3] cyclization–aromatization of β,γ-dioxobutanoate with amines for synthesis of p-aminophenols under catalyst- and additive-free conditions was developed. The reaction displays high efficiency in the late-stage modification of drug molecules.

The efficient synthesis of the ester side chains of homoharringtonine and harringtonine using lactones as building blocks has been developed. The synthesis used classic reactions from readily available starting materials. Reactions of the lactone bearing an oxo-containing α-tetrasubstituted center with MeOH and cephalotaxine, respectively, proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding ring-opening products in 80% and 65% yield.

This study aimed to determine the relations between fluid intelligence (Gf) and reading/mathematics and possible moderators. A meta-analysis of 680 studies involving 793 independent samples and more than 370,000 participants found that Gf was moderately related to reading, r = .38, 95% CI [.36, .39], and mathematics, r = .41, 95% CI [.39, 44]. Synthesis on the longitudinal correlations showed that Gf and reading/mathematics predicted each other in the development even after controlling for initial performance. Moderation analyses revealed the following findings: (a) Gf showed stronger relations to mathematics than to reading, (b) within reading or mathematics, Gf showed stronger relations to complex skills than to foundational skills, (c) the relations between Gf and reading/mathematics increased with age, and (d) family social economic status (SES) mostly affected the relations between Gf and reading/mathematics in the early development stage. These findings, taken together, are partially in line with the investment theory but are more in line with the intrinsic cognitive load theory, mutualism theory, and the gene-SES interaction hypothesis of cognition and learning. More importantly, these findings imply an integration model of these theories from an educational and developmental perspective: Children may rely on Gf to learn reading and mathematics early on, when high family SES can boost the effects of Gf on reading/mathematics performance. As children receive more formal schooling and gain more learning experiences, their reading and mathematics improvement may promote their Gf development. During development, the negative effects of low family SES on the relations between Gf and reading/mathematics may be offset by education/learning experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: The association of iron metabolism or status with the stroke risk remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between markers of iron metabolism or status and stroke risk using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Methods: Overall, 8589 in the CHNS in 2009, and 7290 participants between 2009 and 2015 were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Markers included hemoglobin, ferritin (FET), transferrin (TRF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTRF-R), and ratio of sTRF-R/log FET (sTfR-F index). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations between those markers and risk of stroke. Age, gender, high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), body mass index (BMI), current smoking, drinking status, diabetes and hypertension were included as potential confounding factors. Results: We observed longitudinal associations of hemoglobin (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.15 – 2.06, P = 0.004), and sTfR-F index (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46 – 0.99, P = 0.044) with stroke risk among the participants whose BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2. In addition, FET levels were significantly associated with stroke risk among female (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00 – 2.09, P = 0.049) after a median of 6.1 years follow-up. Hemoglobin, FET, TRF, sTRF-R, and sTfR-F index were not associated with the risk of stroke in overall analyses. Conclusion: FET among female, hemoglobin and sTfR-F index among those BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2 may be contributing factors for stroke.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 have a large range of values in different literature. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 following post-constant speed intravenous infusion (PCSII) to provide rational pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 and compare these with results of noncompartmental analysis following intravenous injection (IV). After 15 hours intravenous infusion of vitamin K1 in rats, the logarithmic concentration-time curve of vitamin K1 was fit to a linear equation following PCSII (R2 = 0.9599 ± 0.0096). Then, half-time (T1/2 ), apparent volume of distribution (Vd ), and clearance rate (CL) were estimated successively. T1/2 of vitamin K1 was 4.07 ± 0.41 hour, CL was 89.47 ± 3.60 mL/h, and Vd was 525.38 ± 54.45 mL in rats following PCSII. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 among different sampling times. For noncompartmental analysis, T1/2 and mean residence time (MRTINF ) for a sampling duration of 6h were shorter than those of 12 hours or 24 hours sampling duration following IV (P < .05, P < .01). In addition, T1/2 of vitamin K1 was obviously different from MRT-equated half-time (T1/2, MRT )(P < .05). Vd and CL of vitamin K1 following PCSII were larger than those following IV based on noncompartmental analysis (P < .01). The results demonstrated that drug distribution in the body was balanced and the Napierian logarithmic concentration-time curve of vitamin K1 fit to a linear equation following PCSII. Vitamin K1 has a long T1/2 and a relatively large Vd following PCSII.

Direct conversion of the readily available alkyl bromides and alcohols to value-added epoxides using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under mild reaction conditions has been developed. Benzyl and allyl bromides, and activated and unactivated alcohols all proceeded smoothly to give epoxides in high to excellent yield. Dimethyl sulfide, generated by DMSO oxidations, was in situ elaborated to form the substituted dimethyl sulfonium ylide species that participates in the Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation in a domino and one-pot fashion, respectively.

Chloroplast development and chlorophyll(Chl)metabolism in unripe tomato contribute to the growth and quality of the fruit, however these mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we initially investigated seven homeobox-containing transcription factors (TFs) with specific ripening-associated expression patterns using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology and found that inhibiting the expression of one of these TFs, BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN11 (SlBEL11), significantly increased Chl levels in unripe tomato fruit. This enhanced Chl accumulation was further validated by generating stable RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of RNAi-SlBEL11 fruit at the mature green (MG) stage showed that 48 genes involved in Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were significantly upregulated compared with the wild type (WT) fruit. Genomic global scanning for Homeobox TF binding sites combined with RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis showed that 22 of these 48 genes were potential target genes of SlBEL11 protein. These genes included Chl biosynthesis-related genes encoding for protochlorophyllide reductase (POR), magnesium chelatase H subunit (CHLH) and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), and chloroplast development-related genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB), homeobox protein knotted 2 (TKN2) and ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-LIKE (APRR2-like). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ChIP-qPCR) assays were employed to verify that SlBEL11 protein could bind to the promoters for TKN2, CAB and POR. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SlBEL11 plays an important role in chloroplast development and Chl synthesis in tomato fruit.

Asymmetric synthesis of the pentacyclic alkaloid (-)-cephalotaxine was accomplished via palladium-catalyzed enantioselective Tsuji allylation for construction of the aza-containing tetrasubstituted stereogenic center (95% yield, 93% ee). The allyl enol carbonate precursor was prepared from Hanaoka's ketone intermediate, which was formed by a novel formic acid promoted ring-expansion reaction.

The budget of nitrogen and phosphorus in polyculture systems of snakehead (Channa arguss) and bighead carp (Hypothalmichthys nobilis) was studied with land-based enclosures from August 1 to November 28, 2014. Four treatments were designed, including monoculture of snakehead (C) and polyculture of snakehead with bighead carp (CH1, CH2 and CH3). Snakehead were stocked in all enclosures at 9.00 ind/m2. Bighead carp was stocked in three different densities, i.e., 0.12 (CH1), 0.15 (CH2) and 0.18 (CH3) ind/m2. Results showed that all the three polyculture systems showed the higher yield of cultured animals than the monoculture system (P 0.05). The survival rate of bighead carp in CH1, CH2 and CH3 systems were all 100.00%, while the final body weight and yield in the CH3 system showed the lowest value (P 0.05). The utilization efficiency of nitrogen of CH2 system was significantly higher than that of C system (P 0.05). In conclusion, the optimum stocking density for the polyculture systems in this study was snakehead at 9.00 ind/m2 and bighead carp 0.15 ind/m2, which exhibited better ecological efficiency and economic benefit.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between reading and working memory (WM) in the context of 3 major theories: the domain-specificity theory (debate) of WM, the intrinsic cognitive load theory, and the dual process theory. A meta-analysis of 197 studies with 2026 effect sizes found a significant moderate correlation between reading and WM, r = .29, 95% CI [.27, .31]. Moderation analyses indicated that after controlling for publication type, bilingual status, domains of WM, and grade level, the relation between WM and reading was not affected by types of reading. The effects of WM domains were associated with grade level: before 4th grade, different domains of WM were related to reading to a similar degree, whereas verbal WM showed the strongest relations with reading at or beyond 4th grade. Further, the effect of WM on reading comprehension was partialed out when decoding and vocabulary were controlled for. Taken together, the findings are generally compatible with aspects of the domain-specificity theory of WM and the dual process theory, but, importantly, add a developmental component that is not currently reflected in models of the relation between reading and WM. The findings suggest that the domain-general central executive of WM is implicated in early reading acquisition, and verbal WM is more strongly implicated in later reading performance as readers gain more experience with reading. The implications of these findings for reading instruction and WM training are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of acyclic ketones represents a significant challenge in organic synthesis. We report herein that the synthesis of chiral 2,2-disubsituted pyrrolidines from acyclic ketones has been accomplished by using catalytic asymmetric method in the presence of Pd(dba)2 and (R)-binap ligand. Theses reactions occur between allyl methyl carbonate and unstabilized acyclic lithium enolates to provide the products in moderate to good enantioselectivity (up to 81% ee).

A set of new metal coordination polymers constructed from a novel semi-rigid aromatic carboxylate ligand, namely, [M(L)(4PBI)(H2O)]n (M = Ni, Co and Cu for 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and [Cd(L)(4PBI)]n (4) (H2L = 3-(1-carboxyethyl) benzoic acid; 4PBI = 2-(pyridin-4-yl)-(1H)-benzoimidazole), have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction, which were characterized by element analyses, FT-IR, UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra, X-ray single-crystal diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Complexes 1, 2 and 3 are iso-structural. They form a one-dimensional (1D) linear chain structure connected by semi-rigid aromatic anion and further assemble into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework by π⋯π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 4 possesses two bi-nuclear units and displays two-dimensional (2D) layer which can further extend to a 3D supramolecular architecture via hydrogen bonding and weak packing interactions. Moreover, the luminescent property of complex 4 was investigated in the solid state at room temperature.

Objectives: miR-200c-3p has been shown to serve as a tumor suppressor in various tumor types. However, the biological function of miR-200c-3p in nephroblastoma remains unknown. This study aims to i...

By virtue of the characters of rapid analysis and simple pretreatment, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique is widely used in agriculture, medicine, environment, petrochemical and other fields. To satisfy the rapid on-site identification and analysis, portable near-infrared spectrometers have gained more and more attention. Because near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique also is a green tool for multi-component analysis, the paper aims at investigating the feasibility for simultaneous quantitative analysis of various heavy metal ions in dilute solution using portable near infrared spectrometer. First, amino modified polymerized starch was used as adsorbent to enrich nickel ions and copper ions in diluted solution. Then, the diffuse reflectance spectra of amino modified polymerized starch samples were measured directly by portable near-infrared spectrometer. Furthermore, with the help of spectral preprocessing methods and partial least-squares regression, quantitative models were built from the near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of amino modified polymerized starch enriched with heavy metal ions and reference concentrations. At last, the stability of the models was proved through cross validation and external validation. The results show that nickel ions and copper ions in diluted solution can be efficiently enriched by amino modified polymerized starch in the presence of other interfering ions. The adsorption rates for nickel ions and copper ions are 99.5% and 99.8%, respectively. Two robust models can be achieved after spectra processing and partial least squares regression. The spectra processing methods contains Continuous wavelet transform and multiplicative scatter correction combined with Savitzky-Golay. The obtained corresponding correlation coefficients of the two robust models are 0.981 9 and 0.965 4, respectively. Thus, simultaneous quantitative analysis of nickel ions and copper ions in the mixed diluted solution was achieved, and the detectable concentrations of nickel ions and copper ions are both as low as 3.0 mg·L(-1). The method not only improves the sensitivity of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique, but also demonstrates the feasibility for simultaneous quantitative determination of various heavy metal ions by using portable near infrared spectrometer. Moreover, the method may be a useful exploration to further broaden the application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique.

A heteronuclear metal organic framework containing erbium(III) and cobalt(II) ion based on a rigid ligand of substituted imidazoledicarboxylic acid has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF file CCDC no. 1019455). It’s formula is [Er2Co2(μ3-HMimda)2(μ3-Mimda)2 · 4H2O] n · 2nH2O, (H3Mimda = 1-H-2-methyl-4,5-imidazole-dicarboxylic acid). The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system. It possesses an extended grid-like porous structure constructed from corrugated shaped 2D layer. Direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements for indicated the depopulation of the Stark components at low temperature and possible very weak antiferromagnetic interactions within heteronuclear MOF.

The graphene oxide (GO) sheets with different size distributions were effectively separated by a centrifugation method. The exfoliated single-layer structure and the size of GO sheets were verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and metallurgical microscope, respectively. Two different-sized GO sheets water suspensions were obtained, which were then directly dispersed in carbon fiber (CF) sizing agent, respectively. The influences of the different-sized GO sheets on CF and CF composites were explored. The workability in later process of CF and CF surface morphology were characterized by abrasion resistance, fluffs and breakage, stiffness, and SEM. SEM micrographs demonstrated that a nonuniform distribution of the large-sized GO was lapped on CF whereas the small-sized GO was uniformly leaned on CF. The interlaminar shear strength of the small-sized GO/CF reinforced composite could reaches the maximum value. It indicated that the interfacial region between CF and polymer matrix could be enhanced by adjusting the size of GO sheets. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol-derived specialized metabolites produced by Solanaceous plant species. They contribute to pathogen defense but are considered as anti-nutritional compounds and toxic to humans. Although the genes involved in the SGA biosynthetic pathway have been successfully cloned and identified, transcription factors regulating this pathway are still poorly understood. We report that silencing tomato light signal transduction transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (SlHY5) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (SlPIF3), by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), altered glycoalkaloids levels in tomato leaves compared to control plant. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis confirmed that SlHY5 and SlPIF3 bind to the promoter of target genes of GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM (GAME1, GAME4, GAME17), affecting the steady-state concentrations of transcripts coding for SGA pathway enzymes. The results indicate that light-signaling transcription factors HY5 and PIF3 regulate the abundance of SGAs by modulating the transcript levels of these GAME genes. This insight into the regulation of SGA biosynthesis can be used for manipulating the level of these metabolites in crops.

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common birth defect. Elucidating the genetic basis of hereditary deafness can not only assist diagnosis, provide the basis for genetic counseling and the prevention of deafness, but also bring a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In the genomic era, high-throughput sequencing technologies, represented by whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) or target region sequencing, have been widely used in the studies of hereditary HL. Here, we summarize the application and progress of WES and target region sequencing in the research of causative genes and clinical molecular diagnosis of hereditary HL, hoping to be helpful for the development and improvement of clinical genetic diagnosis of deafness in China.

A novel nonanuclear nickel cluster [Ni9(HL)6(μ 3-OH)6(μ 6-CO3)2(H2O)6]·3H2O·(OH)2(1) (H2L=3-(Pyridine-3-sulfonylamino)-propionic acid) has been synthesized and structurally determined by elemental analysis, IR, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Complex 1 consists of a nonanuclear nickel (II) cage with double μ 6-CO3 2− bridge ant it represents the first nonanuclear nickel (II) cluster whit HL ligand. Magnetic studies indicated that the [Ni9(HL)6(μ 3-OH)6(μ 6-CO3)2(H2O)6]2+ core displays dominant antiferromagnetic interaction between nickel ions.

In order to analyze human error how to have effect on manufacturing cell and improve manufacturing efficiency from operators’ point of view, manufacturing cell human error simulation model based on the principle of human-machine integrated is proposed firstly. The realized process of manufacturing cell simulation model is detailed described. After that, human behaviors in manufacturing cell were analyzed and realization mechanisms of main model were introduced. Finally, applied above model and theory in a motorcycle manufacturing cell and simulated various human errors. The simulation result shows that human errors have significant effect on evaluating manufacturing cell performance and the influence degree increased along with the possibility of human make errors. As a result, different production mode should be adopted according to different configuration scheme of organization and personnel stability.

Tests including the constant load tensile, three point bending and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) are executed to evaluate the comprehensive properties of the 15CrMoR(H) with new smelting process in saturated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) according to NACE and National Standard. By analyzing and fitting the results of constant load tensile test, the stress-life mathematical model of this material is given. Results show that the stress corrosion threshold of the constant load tensile is 0.7Rel (252MPa).The nominal stress of three point bending SC is higher than 4.5 Rel (1620MPa). Results of HIC test show that the crack length rate CLR is 4.40%, the crack thickness rate CTR is 0.87% and the crack sensitive rate CSR is 0.04%. According to EFC standard, the safety margin is 3.4, 3.4 and 37.5 times respectively. All the experimental results show that the 15CrMoR(H) material has excellent H2S stress corrosion cracking resistance properties.

A formal synthesis of cephalotaxine, the parent member of the Cephalotaxus alkaloids, was achieved. It features a practical four-step assembly of the benzazepine-bearing pentacyclic ring system through two alkylation reactions, acidic hydrolysis, and aldolization.

Podophyllotoxin and its synthetic derivatives are valuable medicinal agents that have antitumor, insecticidal, and antifungal properties. We previously synthesized a deoxypodophyllotoxin derivative with an opened D-ring (DPD) exhibiting potent insecticidal activity. This article was firstly performed to identify the cytotoxicity of DPD toward human cancer cell lines (SGC7901, HeLa, and A549) and normal cell line (HEK293T) using MTT assay. DPD showed potent cytotoxicity against human cancer lines (HeLa and A549) and less cytotoxicity against normal cell lines HEK293T. DPD could also induce the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in HeLa cells and significantly increase the phosphorylation (Tyr 15) of CDC2 leading to inactivation of CDC2. The effects of DPD on cellular microtubule networks were detected using immunofluorescence technique in HeLa cells. The immunofluorescence results showed DPD influenced the arrangement and organization of cellular microtubule networks in HeLa cells. Microtubules are long, hollow cylinders made up of polymerized tubulin dimers. Total microtubules were separated after DPD treatment. Western blot results showed that the free polymerized tubulin dimers were obviously increased after DPD treatment. DPD may be a good drug candidate with the therapeutic potential to human cancer by affecting microtubule polymerization.

In order to understand the non-point source pollution status in Longhong ravine basin of Westlake, the characteristics of nutrient losses in runoff was investigated during three rainstorms in one year. The results showed that long duration rainstorm event generally formed several runoff peaks, and the time of its lag behind the peaks of rain intensity was dependent on the distribution of heavy rainfall. The first flush was related to the antecedent rainfall, and the less rainfall in the earlier period, the more total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia (NH4+ -N) in runoff was washed off. During the recession of runoff, more subsurface runoff would result in a concentration peak of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrogen (NO3- -N) . The event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff nitrogen had a negative correlation with rainfall, rainfall duration, maximum rain intensity and average rain intensity except for antecedent rainfall, whereas the change in TP EMC showed the opposite trend. The transport fluxes of nutrients increased with an elevation in runoffs, and Pearson analysis showed that the transport fluxes of TN and NO3- -N had good correlations with runoff depth. The average transport fluxes of TP, TN, NH4+ -N and NO3- -N were 34.10, 1195.55, 1006.62 and 52.38 g x hm(-2), respectively, and NO3- -N was the main nitrogen form and accounted for 84% of TN.

Based on ANSYS Workbench finite element analysis software, static analysis including the analysis of stress and deformation is carried out for waist fitting of auxiliary manipulator in punch. The stress contours diagrams and the deformation contours diagrams of the waist fitting are obtained, so as to get its stress distribution and deformation. According to the results of analysis, the waist fitting non-installation size is optimized. Therefore motion performance of the manipulator is optimized. The research of this thesis provides the theoretical basis for the further study of the waist fitting, especially in the improvement of the structure.

Study on the construction monitoring was used to focusing on the Bridge and Tunnel. The construction of the steel structure workshop more and more appeared in the past few years, proper method of stress-strain monitoring of the key component while construction of steel structure workshop ,become particularly important factor to ensure the safety of construction process. Based on practical example of Jinbei automobile factory workshop, the paper describes the stress-strain monitoring of steel beam during column demolition. Through the design of test solution and the analysis of test data, get the suitable scheme of stress-strain monitoring, stress and strain field monitoring of the basic program, meeting the monitoring requirement whether steel beam is safe and reliable during column demolition, and could provide basis and support for similar conditions on-site monitoring.

We present in this report the development of a convergent and highly stereocontrolled cycloaddition strategy toward the synthesis of C-1, C-6, and C-14 tris-oxygenated eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. This approach was demonstrated in the first total synthesis of (±)-6β,14-epoxyeudesm-4(15)-en-1β-ol (1), a structurally unique ethereal eudesmane sesquiterpenoid, via an effective Diels-Alder construction of a compact functionalized tricycle intermediate from readily available N-benzylfurfurylamine (2) and homoprenyl maleic anhydride (3) as the C(5) and C(10) building blocks, respectively.

Shp2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) related to adult acute myelogenous leukemia and human solid tumors. In this report, we describe identification of a potent Shp2 inhibitor, Fumosorinone (Fumos) from entomogenous fungi, which shows selective inhibition of Shp2 over other tested PTPs. Using a surface plasmon resonance analysis, we further confirmed the physical interaction between Shp2 and Fumos. Fumos inhibits Shp2-dependent activation of the Ras/ERK signal pathway downstream of EGFR and interrupts EGF-induced Gab1-Shp2 association. As expected, Fumos shows little effects on the Shp2-independent ERK1/2 activation induced by PMA or oncogenic Ras. Furthermore, Fumos down-regulates Src activation, inhibits phosphorylation of Paxillin and prevents tumor cell invasion. These results suggest that Fumos can inhibit Shp2-dependent cell signaling in human cells and has a potential for treatment of Shp2-associated diseases.

In the Yangtze River basin, winter fallow is popular for the double cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, the possibility of adding a rapeseed cropping season after late rice harvest in this area was studied with the purpose of extending direct-seeding rapeseed under no-tillage cultivation pattern. In a 2-year field experiment from 2008 to 2010, the rapeseed cultivar Huashuang 5 (Brassica napus L. cv. Huashuang 5) were planted in 3 locations in Hubei Province of China after harvesting late rice. At both individual and population levels, the effects of plant density and nitrogen (N) application rate on rapeseed growth and yield formation were measured at seedling, budding, flowering, podding, and maturity stages. The cultivation pattern of no-tillage and direct-seeding after late rice harvest shortened the growth duration of rapeseed, especially at seedling stage, but prolonged the late budding stage in spring. The biomass accumulation from emergence to early budding was deficient severely, resulting in quick growth from budding to flowering of rapeseed. Application of N fertilizer had significant effects on enhancing the growth and yield formation of rapeseed through improving the individual and population qualities. Under the N rate of 270 kg ha−1 condition, the highest yield of rapeseed was approximately 2250 kg ha−1 at the density of 4.5 × 105 plants or 6.0 × 105 plants per hectare. The yield level was higher than that of average local rapeseed production. In the practice of no-tillage and direct seeding cultivation technique in the double rice cropping rice area, both nitrogen application rate and planting density should be considered simultaneously to obtain high quality of plant population and high yield of rapeseed.

SiO2 nano-powder is a new type of augmented injection agent, has the ability of stronger hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, and can be adsorbed on the rock surface so that it changes the rock wettability. It can expand the pore radius effectively, reduce the flow resistance of injected water in the pores, enhance water permeability, reduce injection pressure and augment injection rate. Using artificial cores which simulated geologic conditions of a certain factory of Daqing oilfield, decompression and augmented injection experiments of SiO2 nano-powder were performed after waterflooding, best injection volume of SiO2 nano-powder under the low-permeability condition was selected. It has shown that SiO2 nano-powder inverted the rock wettability from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. Oil recovery was further enhanced after waterflooding. With the injection pore volume increasing, the recovery and decompression rate of SiO2 nano-powder displacement increased gradually. The best injected pore volume and injection concentration is respectively 0.6PV and 0.5%, the corresponding value of EOR is 6.84% and decompression rate is 52.78%. According to the field tests, it is shown that, in the low-permeability oilfield, the augmented injection technology of SiO2 nano-powder could enhance water injectivity of injection wells and reduce injection pressure. Consequently, it is an effective method to resolve injection problems for the low-permeability oilfield.

β-Turn is a secondary protein structure type that plays an important role in protein configuration and function. Here, we introduced an approach of β-turn prediction that used the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm combined with predicted secondary structure information. The secondary structure information was obtained by using E-SSpred, a new secondary protein structure prediction method. A 7-fold cross validation based on the benchmark dataset of 426 non-homologous protein chains was used to evaluate the performance of our method. The prediction results broke the 80% Q total barrier and achieved Q total = 80.9%, MCC = 0.44, and Q predicted higher 0.9% when compared with the best method. The results in our research are coincident with the conclusion that β-turn prediction accuracy can be improved by inclusion of secondary structure information.

The Graphene oxide (GO) sheets were used for preparing the epoxy resin Pickering emulsion. The particle size and the zeta potential of the Pickering emulsion were measured to evaluate its stability. The stable emulsion could be served as the film former of sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF). The effect of the Pickering emulsion stabilized by GO sheets on the properties of CF and the interfacial adhesion property of CF reinforced composite were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that there existed a layer of sizing agent film with GO sheets evenly on the CF surface. Abrasion resistance and stiffness values of CF were tested and the results indicated that the sized CF conformed to the requirement of CF handleability. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test indicated that the interfacial adhesion of the composite could be greatly improved. The fracture surfaces of CF composites were examined by SEM after ILSS tests. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42285.

Three new metal coordination polymers constructed from adipic acid and 2–(pyridin–3–yl)–(1H)–benzimidazole ligands, [M(ADP)(3PBI)2(H2O)2]∙2H2O (M = Ni and Co for 1 and 2, respectively) and [Cd(ADP)(3PBI)(H2O)] (3) [ADP = adipic acid dianion; 3PBI = 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-(1H)-benzimidazole], have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and were characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analyses, IR, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry (TGA). Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural. Both form a one-dimensional (1D) linear chain structure, which is further assembled into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework by π∙∙∙π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 3 possesses a binuclear unit and displays a two-dimensional layer which is further extended to a 3D supramolecular architecture via hydrogen bonding and other weak packing interactions. The luminescent properties of 3 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.

Three new metal coordination polymers constructed from adipic acid and 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-(1H)-benzimidazole ligands, [M(ADP)(3PBI)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (M = Ni and Co for 1 and 2, respectively) and [Cd(ADP)(3PBI)(H2O)] (3) [ADP = adipic acid dianion; 3PBI = 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-(1H)-benzimidazole], have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and were characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analyses, IR, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural. Both form a 1-D linear chain structure, which is further assembled into a 3-D supramolecular framework by π⋯π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 3 possesses a binuclear unit and displays a 2-D layer which is further extended to a 3-D supramolecular architecture via hydrogen bonding and other weak packing interactions. The luminescent properties of 3 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.

To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of primary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the testis.Using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, we studied 7 cases of primary NET of the testis, reviewed relevant literature, and analyzed the clinical manifestations, histomorphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of the tumor.The 7 male patients, at the mean age of 40.6 years, all presented with testicular painless masses, none accompanied with carcinoid syndrome. Histologically, the uniform tumor cells were arranged in trabecular, island, solid and/or flake structures and locally in a tubulo glandular pattern, round and polygonal in shape, with a small amount of lipid vacuoles in the eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cells had round nuclei with fine chromatin and rarely identified mitosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for Syn, CgA, NSE and CK, with a Ki-67 positive rate of2%.Primary NET of the testis is a rare and low-grade malignancy. Early diagnosis and surgical resection are essential for good prognosis. Immunohistochemistry helps its diagnosis and differential diagnosis from other metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, teratomas with carcinoid, seminoma, and Sertoli cell tumor.

Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are rare in the general population with much higher prevalence in von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease. The purpose of this study is to present two cases of endolymphatic sac tumor with VHL disease with analysis of VHL gene and to explore their association with VHL disease using molecular analysis.Clinical data of these two patients from different VHL families were studied. DNAs extracted from peripheral bloods were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the VHL gene, then compared the mutations with the Human Gene Mutation Database.In case 1, 6 family members were enrolled in the study. Among them, three had been identified to have a germline missense point mutation at codon 194 of the VHL gene exon 1 (p.S65W). The little sister of the patient (case 1) underwent vitrectomy for retinal hemangioblastoma 5 years ago in another hospital. The mother of the patient (case 1) was further diagnosed to have a cerebellar hemangioblastoma and renal carcinoma in the following physical examination. Case 2 with her parents were also tested. Codon 499 of the VHL gene exon 3 (p.R167W) were detected in case 2 and her mother, but the mother refused further examination.The genetic diagnosis plays an important role in early detection of symptomatic patients and suspected patients. Clinical screening for members of the VHL families, and close follow-up of carriers allow an early detection of tumors and the metastasis, which is the most common cause of death of these patients.

To investigate the expression of homeobox gene HOXA9 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with acute leukemia (AL) and its clinical significance.Forty-six children with AL were divided into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) groups. Fifteen children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were selected as a control group. The mRNA expression of HOXA9 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).HOXA9 expression was detected in 63% of the 52 bone marrow samples from 46 AL children. The positive HOXA9 expression rate in the AML group was significantly higher than in the ALL and control groups (86% vs 35% and 13%; P0.05). The mRNA expression of HOXA9 in the AML group was significantly higher than in the ALL and control groups (P0.05). Among the children with AML, those with M5 AML had the highest HOXA9 mRNA level, followed by children with M4 AML and children with M1 and/or M2 AML, but HOXA9 expression was not detected in children with M3 AML. The high-risk subgroup of AML children had relatively high levels of HOXA9 expression. In the children with AML, the initial treatment subgroup had significantly higher positive HOXA9 expression rate and HOXA9 mRNA levels than in the remission subgroup and control group (P0.05), but there were no significant differences between the latter two groups (P0.05). The non-remission subgroup had significantly higher HOXA9 expression than the remission subgroup and control group (P0.05).High expression of HOXA9 is associated with the occurrence of AL, and its expression level is significantly higher in children with AML than in those with ALL. There is a positive correlation between the expression level of HOXA9 and the risk of childhood leukemia, and high expression of HOXA9 suggests poor prognosis. Therefore, HOXA9 can be used as one of the indices in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction of childhood AL.