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1. Cornish: The Cornish Language in Education in the UK, 2nd Edition. Regional Dossiers Series

Author

Fryske Akademy (Netherlands), Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning, Sayers, Dave, Davies-Deacon, Merryn, and Croome, Sarah

Abstract

This regional dossier aims to provide a concise description of the European minority language, Cornish, in education. Aspects that are addressed include features of the education system, recent educational policies, main actors, legal arrangements and support structures, as well as quantitative aspects such as the number of schools, teachers, pupils, and financial investments. This kind of information can serve several purposes and can be relevant for policymakers, researchers, teachers, students, and journalists as the information provided serves as a first orientation towards further research, or function as a source of ideas for improving educational provisions in their own region. This dossier contains a glossary, foreword, and an introduction to the region under study, and six sections dealing with a specific level of the education system. Sections eight to ten cover research, prospects, and summary statistics. Lists of regulations, publications, and useful addresses concerning the minority language, are given at the end of the dossier. [The 2001 first edition of this regional dossier was compiled by Arjan Hut. Unless otherwise stated academic data refer to the school year 2017-2018.]

Published
2018

2. $p$-groups with exactly four codegrees

Author

Croome, Sarah and Lewis, Mark L.

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory, 20C15, 20D15
Abstract

Let $G$ be a $p$-group and let $\chi$ be an irreducible character of $G$. The codegree of $\chi$ is given by $|G:\text{ker}(\chi)|/\chi(1)$. Du and Lewis have shown that a $p$-group with exactly three codegrees has nilpotence class at most 2. Here we investigate $p$-groups with exactly four codegrees. If, in addition to having exactly four codegrees, $G$ has two irreducible character degrees, $G$ has largest irreducible character degree $p^2$, $|G:G'|=p^2$, or $G$ has coclass at most 3, then $G$ has nilpotence class at most 4. In the case of coclass at most 3, the order of $G$ is bounded by $p^7$. With an additional hypothesis we can extend this result to $p$-groups with four codegrees and coclass at most 7. In this case the order of $G$ is bounded by $p^{11}$.

Published
2019

3. $p$-groups with $p^2$ as a codegree

Author

Croome, Sarah and Lewis, Mark L.

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory, 20C15, 20D15
Abstract

Let $G$ be a $p$-group and let $\chi$ be an irreducible character of $G$. The codegree of $\chi$ is given by $|G:\text{ker}(\chi)|/\chi(1)$. This paper investigates the relationship between the nilpotence class of a group and the inclusion of $p^2$ as a codegree. If $G$ is a finite $p$-group with coclass $2$ and order at least $p^5$, or coclass $3$ and order at least $p^6$, then $G$ has $p^2$ as a codegree. With an additional hypothesis this result can be extended to $p$-groups with coclass $n\ge 3$ and order at least $p^{2n}$.

Published
2018

4. Character codegrees of maximal class p-groups

Author

Croome, Sarah and Lewis, Mark L.

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory, 20C15, 20D15
Abstract

Let $G$ be a $p$-group and let $\chi$ be an irreducible character of $G$. The codegree of $\chi$ is given by $|G:\text{ker}(\chi)|/\chi(1)$. If $G$ is a maximal class $p$-group that is normally monomial or has at most three character degrees then the codegrees of $G$ are consecutive powers of $p$. If $|G|=p^n$ and $G$ has consecutive $p$-power codegrees up to $p^{n-1}$ then the nilpotence class of $G$ is at most 2 or $G$ has maximal class.

Published
2018

8. A multicentre outcome analysis to define global benchmarks for donation after circulatory death liver transplantation

Author

Schlegel, Andrea, van Reeven, Marjolein, Croome, Kristopher, Parente, Alessandro, Dolcet, Annalisa, Widmer, Jeannette, Meurisse, Nicolas, De Carlis, Riccardo, Hessheimer, Amelia, Jochmans, Ina, Mueller, Matteo, van Leeuwen, Otto B., Nair, Amit, Tomiyama, Koji, Sherif, Ahmed, Elsharif, Mohamed, Kron, Philipp, van der Helm, Danny, Borja-Cacho, Daniel, Bohorquez, Humberto, Germanova, Desislava, Dondossola, Daniele, Olivieri, Tiziana, Camagni, Stefania, Gorgen, Andre, Patrono, Damiano, Cescon, Matteo, Croome, Sarah, Panconesi, Rebecca, Carvalho, Mauricio Flores, Ravaioli, Matteo, Caicedo, Juan Carlos, Loss, George, Lucidi, Valerio, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, Romagnoli, Renato, Jassem, Wayel, Colledan, Michele, De Carlis, Luciano, Rossi, Giorgio, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, Miller, Charles M., van Hoek, Bart, Attia, Magdy, Lodge, Peter, IJzermans, Jan N.M., Polak, Wojciech G., Claasen, Marco, de Meijer, Vincent E., Metselaar, Herold J., Schlegel, Andrea, van Reeven, Marjolein, Croome, Kristopher, Parente, Alessandro, Dolcet, Annalisa, Widmer, Jeannette, Meurisse, Nicolas, De Carlis, Riccardo, Hessheimer, Amelia, Jochmans, Ina, Mueller, Matteo, van Leeuwen, Otto B., Nair, Amit, Tomiyama, Koji, Sherif, Ahmed, Elsharif, Mohamed, Kron, Philipp, van der Helm, Danny, Borja-Cacho, Daniel, Bohorquez, Humberto, Germanova, Desislava, Dondossola, Daniele, Olivieri, Tiziana, Camagni, Stefania, Gorgen, Andre, Patrono, Damiano, Cescon, Matteo, Croome, Sarah, Panconesi, Rebecca, Carvalho, Mauricio Flores, Ravaioli, Matteo, Caicedo, Juan Carlos, Loss, George, Lucidi, Valerio, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, Romagnoli, Renato, Jassem, Wayel, Colledan, Michele, De Carlis, Luciano, Rossi, Giorgio, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, Miller, Charles M., van Hoek, Bart, Attia, Magdy, Lodge, Peter, IJzermans, Jan N.M., Polak, Wojciech G., Claasen, Marco, de Meijer, Vincent E., and Metselaar, Herold J.

Abstract

Background & Aims: The concept of benchmarking is established in the field of transplant surgery; however, benchmark values for donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation are not available. Thus, we aimed to identify the best possible outcomes in DCD liver transplantation and to propose outcome reference values. Methods: Based on 2,219 controlled DCD liver transplantations, collected from 17 centres in North America and Europe, we identified 1,012 low-risk, primary, adult liver transplantations with a laboratory MELD score of ≤20 points, receiving a DCD liver with a total donor warm ischemia time of ≤30 minutes and asystolic donor warm ischemia time of ≤15 minutes. Clinically relevant outcomes were selected and complications were reported according to the Clavien-Dindo-Grading and the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Corresponding benchmark cut-offs were based on median values of each centre, where the 75th-percentile was considered. Results: Benchmark cases represented between 19.7% and 75% of DCD transplantations in participating centres. The 1-year retransplant and mortality rates were 4.5% and 8.4% in the benchmark group, respectively. Within the first year of follow-up, 51.1% of recipients developed at least 1 major complication (≥Clavien-Dindo-Grade III). Benchmark cut-offs were ≤3 days and ≤16 days for ICU and hospital stay, ≤66% for severe recipient complications (≥Grade III), ≤16.8% for ischemic cholangiopathy, and ≤38.9 CCI points 1 year after transplant. Comparisons with higher risk groups showed more complications and impaired graft survival outside the benchmark cut-offs. Organ perfusion techniques reduced the complications to values below benchmark cut-offs, despite higher graft risk. Conclusions: Despite excellent 1-year survival, morbidity in benchmark cases remains high. Benchmark cut-offs targeting morbidity parameters offer a valid tool to assess the protective value of new preservation technologies in hi

Published
2022

9. A multicentre outcome analysis to define global benchmarks for donation after circulatory death liver transplantation

Author

Schlegel, A, van Reeven, M, Croome, K, Parente, A, Dolcet, A, Widmer, J, Meurisse, N, De Carlis, R, Hessheimer, A, Jochmans, I, Mueller, M, van Leeuwen, O, Nair, A, Tomiyama, K, Sherif, A, Elsharif, M, Kron, P, van der Helm, D, Borja-Cacho, D, Bohorquez, H, Germanova, D, Dondossola, D, Olivieri, T, Camagni, S, Gorgen, A, Patrono, D, Cescon, M, Croome, S, Panconesi, R, Flores Carvalho, M, Ravaioli, M, Caicedo, J, Loss, G, Lucidi, V, Sapisochin, G, Romagnoli, R, Jassem, W, Colledan, M, De Carlis, L, Rossi, G, Di Benedetto, F, Miller, C, van Hoek, B, Attia, M, Lodge, P, Hernandez-Alejandro, R, Detry, O, Quintini, C, Oniscu, G, Fondevila, C, Malagó, M, Pirenne, J, Ijzermans, J, Porte, R, Dutkowski, P, Taner, C, Heaton, N, Clavien, P, Polak, W, Muiesan, P, Schlegel, Andrea, van Reeven, Marjolein, Croome, Kristopher, Parente, Alessandro, Dolcet, Annalisa, Widmer, Jeannette, Meurisse, Nicolas, De Carlis, Riccardo, Hessheimer, Amelia, Jochmans, Ina, Mueller, Matteo, van Leeuwen, Otto B, Nair, Amit, Tomiyama, Koji, Sherif, Ahmed, Elsharif, Mohamed, Kron, Philipp, van der Helm, Danny, Borja-Cacho, Daniel, Bohorquez, Humberto, Germanova, Desislava, Dondossola, Daniele, Olivieri, Tiziana, Camagni, Stefania, Gorgen, Andre, Patrono, Damiano, Cescon, Matteo, Croome, Sarah, Panconesi, Rebecca, Flores Carvalho, Mauricio, Ravaioli, Matteo, Caicedo, Juan Carlos, Loss, George, Lucidi, Valerio, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, Romagnoli, Renato, Jassem, Wayel, Colledan, Michele, De Carlis, Luciano, Rossi, Giorgio, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, Miller, Charles M, van Hoek, Bart, Attia, Magdy, Lodge, Peter, Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto, Detry, Olivier, Quintini, Cristiano, Oniscu, Gabriel C, Fondevila, Constantino, Malagó, Massimo, Pirenne, Jacques, IJzermans, Jan Nm, Porte, Robert J, Dutkowski, Philipp, Taner, C Burcin, Heaton, Nigel, Clavien, Pierre-Alain, Polak, Wojciech G, Muiesan, Paolo, Schlegel, A, van Reeven, M, Croome, K, Parente, A, Dolcet, A, Widmer, J, Meurisse, N, De Carlis, R, Hessheimer, A, Jochmans, I, Mueller, M, van Leeuwen, O, Nair, A, Tomiyama, K, Sherif, A, Elsharif, M, Kron, P, van der Helm, D, Borja-Cacho, D, Bohorquez, H, Germanova, D, Dondossola, D, Olivieri, T, Camagni, S, Gorgen, A, Patrono, D, Cescon, M, Croome, S, Panconesi, R, Flores Carvalho, M, Ravaioli, M, Caicedo, J, Loss, G, Lucidi, V, Sapisochin, G, Romagnoli, R, Jassem, W, Colledan, M, De Carlis, L, Rossi, G, Di Benedetto, F, Miller, C, van Hoek, B, Attia, M, Lodge, P, Hernandez-Alejandro, R, Detry, O, Quintini, C, Oniscu, G, Fondevila, C, Malagó, M, Pirenne, J, Ijzermans, J, Porte, R, Dutkowski, P, Taner, C, Heaton, N, Clavien, P, Polak, W, Muiesan, P, Schlegel, Andrea, van Reeven, Marjolein, Croome, Kristopher, Parente, Alessandro, Dolcet, Annalisa, Widmer, Jeannette, Meurisse, Nicolas, De Carlis, Riccardo, Hessheimer, Amelia, Jochmans, Ina, Mueller, Matteo, van Leeuwen, Otto B, Nair, Amit, Tomiyama, Koji, Sherif, Ahmed, Elsharif, Mohamed, Kron, Philipp, van der Helm, Danny, Borja-Cacho, Daniel, Bohorquez, Humberto, Germanova, Desislava, Dondossola, Daniele, Olivieri, Tiziana, Camagni, Stefania, Gorgen, Andre, Patrono, Damiano, Cescon, Matteo, Croome, Sarah, Panconesi, Rebecca, Flores Carvalho, Mauricio, Ravaioli, Matteo, Caicedo, Juan Carlos, Loss, George, Lucidi, Valerio, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, Romagnoli, Renato, Jassem, Wayel, Colledan, Michele, De Carlis, Luciano, Rossi, Giorgio, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, Miller, Charles M, van Hoek, Bart, Attia, Magdy, Lodge, Peter, Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto, Detry, Olivier, Quintini, Cristiano, Oniscu, Gabriel C, Fondevila, Constantino, Malagó, Massimo, Pirenne, Jacques, IJzermans, Jan Nm, Porte, Robert J, Dutkowski, Philipp, Taner, C Burcin, Heaton, Nigel, Clavien, Pierre-Alain, Polak, Wojciech G, and Muiesan, Paolo

Abstract

Background & Aims: The concept of benchmarking is established in the field of transplant surgery; however, benchmark values for donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation are not available. Thus, we aimed to identify the best possible outcomes in DCD liver transplantation and to propose outcome reference values. Methods: Based on 2,219 controlled DCD liver transplantations, collected from 17 centres in North America and Europe, we identified 1,012 low-risk, primary, adult liver transplantations with a laboratory MELD score of ≤20 points, receiving a DCD liver with a total donor warm ischemia time of ≤30 minutes and asystolic donor warm ischemia time of ≤15 minutes. Clinically relevant outcomes were selected and complications were reported according to the Clavien-Dindo-Grading and the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Corresponding benchmark cut-offs were based on median values of each centre, where the 75th-percentile was considered. Results: Benchmark cases represented between 19.7% and 75% of DCD transplantations in participating centres. The 1-year retransplant and mortality rates were 4.5% and 8.4% in the benchmark group, respectively. Within the first year of follow-up, 51.1% of recipients developed at least 1 major complication (≥Clavien-Dindo-Grade III). Benchmark cut-offs were ≤3 days and ≤16 days for ICU and hospital stay, ≤66% for severe recipient complications (≥Grade III), ≤16.8% for ischemic cholangiopathy, and ≤38.9 CCI points 1 year after transplant. Comparisons with higher risk groups showed more complications and impaired graft survival outside the benchmark cut-offs. Organ perfusion techniques reduced the complications to values below benchmark cut-offs, despite higher graft risk. Conclusions: Despite excellent 1-year survival, morbidity in benchmark cases remains high. Benchmark cut-offs targeting morbidity parameters offer a valid tool to assess the protective value of new preservation technologies in higher risk grou

Published
2022

10. A multicentre outcome analysis to define global benchmarks for donation after circulatory death liver transplantation

Author

Schlegel, Andrea, primary, van Reeven, Marjolein, additional, Croome, Kristopher, additional, Parente, Alessandro, additional, Dolcet, Annalisa, additional, Widmer, Jeannette, additional, Meurisse, Nicolas, additional, De Carlis, Riccardo, additional, Hessheimer, Amelia, additional, Jochmans, Ina, additional, Mueller, Matteo, additional, van Leeuwen, Otto B., additional, Nair, Amit, additional, Tomiyama, Koji, additional, Sherif, Ahmed, additional, Elsharif, Mohamed, additional, Kron, Philipp, additional, van der Helm, Danny, additional, Borja-Cacho, Daniel, additional, Bohorquez, Humberto, additional, Germanova, Desislava, additional, Dondossola, Daniele, additional, Olivieri, Tiziana, additional, Camagni, Stefania, additional, Gorgen, Andre, additional, Patrono, Damiano, additional, Cescon, Matteo, additional, Croome, Sarah, additional, Panconesi, Rebecca, additional, Carvalho, Mauricio Flores, additional, Ravaioli, Matteo, additional, Caicedo, Juan Carlos, additional, Loss, George, additional, Lucidi, Valerio, additional, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, additional, Romagnoli, Renato, additional, Jassem, Wayel, additional, Colledan, Michele, additional, De Carlis, Luciano, additional, Rossi, Giorgio, additional, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, additional, Miller, Charles M., additional, van Hoek, Bart, additional, Attia, Magdy, additional, Lodge, Peter, additional, Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto, additional, Detry, Olivier, additional, Quintini, Cristiano, additional, Oniscu, Gabriel C., additional, Fondevila, Constantino, additional, Malagó, Massimo, additional, Pirenne, Jacques, additional, IJzermans, Jan N.M., additional, Porte, Robert J., additional, Dutkowski, Philipp, additional, Taner, C. Burcin, additional, Heaton, Nigel, additional, Clavien, Pierre-Alain, additional, Polak, Wojciech G., additional, Muiesan, Paolo, additional, Alwayn, Ian P.J., additional, van der Berg, Aad P., additional, Carbonaro, Margherita, additional, Claasen, Marco, additional, Daud, Amna, additional, de Meijer, Vincent E., additional, Metselaar, Herold J., additional, Monbaliu, Diethard, additional, Paolucci, Maite, additional, Vets, Sofie, additional, and Winter, Erin, additional

Published
2022
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17. p-Group Codegree Sets and Nilpotence Class

Author

Croome, Sarah B.

Subjects
Mathematics, groups, characters, codegrees, p-groups
Abstract

For a p-group G and an irreducible character χ of G, the codegree of χ is given by |G:ker(χ)|/χ(1). We investigate the relationship between the codegrees and nilpotence class of p-groups. If the set of codegrees of the irreducible characters of G has order 4, and G either has coclass at most 3, largest character degree p2, or |G:G'|=p2, then the nilpotence class of G is at most 4. Similar conditions exist which guarantee the existence of p2 as a codegree of G. If |G|=pn then cod(G) contains all powers of p up to pn-1 if and only if G satisfies one of three cases in which G has maximal class or nilpotence class at most 2. We find families of maximal class groups which have consecutive p-power codegrees.

Published
2019

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