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Patients with heart failure (HF) undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures is rising worldwide. This study was aiming at analyzing the impact of heart failure (HF) on the outcomes (mortality, complications, readmissions, and length of stay) of elderly patients undergoing elective major noncardiac surgical procedures in Spain.A retrospective observational study of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery was conducted. The Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) was used to collect information about the demographic characteristics of patients discharged from hospitals of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS), variables related to patients' medical conditions and surgeries conducted during the episode.A total of 996,986 selected procedures in the discharge record were identified in the period 2007-2015. HF was recorded as a secondary diagnosis in 22,367 discharges (2.24%). The mean age of patients was 76.6±7.27 years, with a difference in patients without and with HF: 76.5 (95% CI: 76.47-76.50) vs 82.8 (95% CI: 82.71-82.90). The number of selected surgical procedures increased by 13.2% (117,487 in 2015 vs. 103,744 in 2007), and the proportion of presence HF as a comorbidity increased by 24.4% (2.4% in 2015 v 1.9% in 2007). The proportion of women was higher in the HF group: 53.2% (95% CI: 53.18-53.22) vs 64.3% (95% CI: 64.20-64.44), with a longer average length of stay: 7.9 (95% CI: 7.9-7.9) vs 14.9 (95% CI 14.7-15.0) days, and women had a higher proportion of comorbidities. HF was found to be an independent risk factor in-hospital mortality in the multilevel risk adjustment model (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 2.2-2.4).Patients with HF undergoing any of the selected surgical procedures are older; there was women predominance and there is also an important burden of comorbidities than patients without HF undergoing these surgical procedures. HF in the selected procedures, increasing in-hospital mortality, mean length of stay, and the occurrence of adverse events in the Spanish population. The percentage of patients with HF who underwent the selected surgical procedures increased in the study period.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of thermal and sub-thermal capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency at 448 kHz plus exercising compared to sham radiofrequency plus exercising on pain, functionality, and quality of life in patients with subacromial pain. Design Randomized, controlled, parallel, double-blind, three-arm clinical trial. Setting Hospital and Primary Care. Subjects Eighty-one participants with subacromial pain in three intervention groups. Interventions Three interventions with capacitive-resistive radiofrequency (thermal, sub-thermal, and sham) over 9 sessions (3 per week) plus an exercising protocol identical for all groups over 15 sessions (5 per week). Outcome measures Visual analogue scale and pressure pain threshold for pain, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand for functionality, and quality of life via the European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions were assessed at baseline, immediately posttreatment, and 1 month and 3 months post-intervention. Results No between-group differences were found in the pain visual analogue scale (F = 1.0; P = 0.37), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (F = 1.0; P = 0.36), European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions (F = 0.76; P = 0.47), and pressure pain (F = 0.14; P = 0.86) outcomes, with a statistical power < 0.30 for all comparisons. Between-group differences were found in the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (F = 3.4; P Conclusion Adding thermal radiofrequency to exercising can further improve slightly functionality and mobility in people with subacromial pain in the short term, but not pain perception. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to increase statistical power.

BACKGROUND The role of circulating progenitor cells (CPC) in vascular repair following everolimus-eluting stent (EES) implantation is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between temporal variation in CPC levels following EES implantation and the degree of peri-procedural vascular damage, and stent healing, as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods and Results:CPC populations (CD133+/KDR+/CD45low) included patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing stent implantation, and were evaluated using a flow cytometry technique both at baseline and at 1 week. OCT evaluation was performed immediately post-implantation to quantify the stent-related injury and at a 9-month follow up to assess the mid-term vascular response. Twenty patients (mean age 66±9 years; 80% male) with EES-treated stenoses (n=24) were included in this study. Vascular injury score was associated with the 1-week increase of CD133+/KDR+/CD45low (β 0.28 [95% CI 0.15; 0.41]; P

Introduction Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a very common pediatric disease, with strong implications for children and their families. We aimed to determine their frequency in our environment (per Rome IV criteria) and to establish if there is seasonal variability in diagnosis. Material and methods Descriptive, prospective study. For 12 months, children under 16 years of age with suspected FGIDs who had a first pediatric gastroenterology consultation were included and classified according to Rome IV criteria. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS v22. Results 574 children received consultations, 67% were >4 years of age. FGIDs were suspected in 44.6% of the patients, 32.4% were diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria (16.4%, 4 years). 51.1% were female, average age of 8.4±4.2 years and mean of 7 months of symptoms until diagnosis (range 3-150). In patients 4 years of age, functional abdominal pain (29%), functional dyspepsia (28.4%) and functional constipation (16.8%) were most frequent. We did not discern seasonal variations in diagnosis in the global study population (p=.96) or by age group ( 4, P=.57). Conclusions FGIDs account for one third of our patients' consultations. While the Rome IV criteria are more inclusive than before, almost 30% of patients with suspected FGIDs do not meet said criteria. Although a seasonal difference regarding diagnosis was observed, it was not statistically significant either in the sample group as a whole or by age group.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) increases with age, and it is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death in older patients. However, there are little data on in-hospital mortality in patients with HF ≥ 75 years in Spain. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set was performed, including all HF episodes discharged from public hospitals in Spain between 2016 and 2019. Coding was performed using the International Classification of Diseases, 10(th) Revision. Patients ≥ 75 years with HF as the principal diagnosis were selected. We calculated: (1) the crude in-hospital mortality rate and its distribution according to age and sex; (2) the risk-standardized in-hospital mortality ratio; and (3) the association between in-hospital mortality and the availability of an intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) in the hospital. RESULTS: We included 354,792 HF episodes of patients over 75 years. The mean age was 85.2 ± 5.5 years, and 59.2% of patients were women. The most frequent comorbidities were renal failure (46.1%), diabetes mellitus (35.5%), valvular disease (33.9%), cardiorespiratory failure (29.8%), and hypertension (26.9%). In-hospital mortality was 12.7%, and increased with age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.07–1.07, P < 0.001] and was lower in women (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, P < 0.001). The main predictors of mortality were the presence of cardiogenic shock (OR = 19.5, 95% CI: 16.8–22.7, P < 0.001), stroke (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 3.0–4.0, P < 0.001) and advanced cancer (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.5–2.8, P < 0.001). In hospitals with ICCU, the in-hospital risk-adjusted mortality tended to be lower (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–1.00, P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital mortality in patients with HF ≥ 75 years between 2016 and 2019 was 12.7%, higher in males and elderly patients. The main predictors of mortality were cardiogenic shock, stroke, and advanced cancer. There was a trend toward lower mortality in centers with an ICCU.

The market for wrist-worn devices is growing at previously unheard-of speeds. A consequence of their fast commercialization is a lack of adequate studies testing their accuracy on varied populations and pursuits. To provide an understanding of wearable sensors for sports medicine, the present study examined heart rate (HR) measurements of four popular wrist-worn devices, the (Fitbit Charge (FB), Apple Watch (AW), Tomtom runner Cardio (TT), and Samsung G2 (G2)), and compared them with gold standard measurements derived by continuous electrocardiogram examination (ECG). Eight athletes participated in a comparative study undergoing maximal stress testing on a cycle ergometer or a treadmill. We analyzed 1,286 simultaneous HR data pairs between the tested devices and the ECG. The four devices were reasonably accurate at the lowest activity level. However, at higher levels of exercise intensity the FB and G2 tended to underestimate HR values during intense physical effort, while the TT and AW devices were fairly reliable. Our results suggest that HR estimations should be considered cautiously at specific intensities. Indeed, an effective intervention is required to register accurate HR readings at high-intensity levels (above 150 bpm). It is important to consider that even though none of these devices are certified or sold as medical or safety devices, researchers must nonetheless evaluate wrist-worn wearable technology in order to fully understand how HR affects psychological and physical health, especially under conditions of more intense exercise.

The RECALCAR project (Resources and Quality in Cardiology), an initiative of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, aims to standardize information to generate evidence on cardiovascular health outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze trends in the resources and activity of cardiology units and/or services and to identify the results of cardiovascular care during the last decade in Spain.The study was based on the 2 annual data sources of the RECALCAR project: a survey on resources and activity of cardiology units and/or services (2011-2020) and the minimum data set of the National Health System (2011-2019), referring to heart failure (HF), STEMI, and non-STEMI.The survey included 70% of cardiology units and/or services in Spain. The number of hospital beds and length of stay decreased, while there was a notable increase in the number of cardiac imaging studies and percutaneous therapeutic procedures performed. Age- and sex-adjusted admissions for HF tended to decrease, despite an increase in mortality and the percentage of readmissions. In contrast, the trend in mortality and readmissions was highly favorable in STEMI; in non-STEMI, although positive, the trend was less marked.The information provided by the RECALCAR project shows a favorable trend in the last decade in resources, activity and results of certain cardiovascular processes and constitutes an essential source for future improvements and decision-making in health policy.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El implante percutaneo de valvula aortica (TAVI) se ha postulado como alternativa al reemplazo quirurgico (SVA). Se compararon ambos utilizando el Conjunto Minimo Basico de Datos del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Metodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyo a pacientes dados de alta de hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud espanol a los que se realizo SVA o TAVI entre 2014 y 2015. Las variables resultado fueron mortalidad intrahospitalaria, estancia y tasa de complicaciones. Se ajusto la mortalidad por riesgo (regresion logistica multinivel) y la estancia por gravedad, contrastando la mortalidad intrahospitalaria entre TAVI y SVA mediante emparejamiento por puntuaciones de propension. Resultados Se identificaron 17.343 episodios TAVI o SVA, seleccionandose 1.725 TAVI y 8.616 SVA aisladas. Los pacientes TAVI tenian mayor edad media (81,1 ± 6,6 frente a 70,2 ± 11,4 anos; p Conclusiones En el periodo 2014-2015, para una poblacion mas compleja que los pacientes sometidos a SVA, la TAVI mostro mejores resultados en cuanto a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y estancia media, si bien presento mayor incidencia en algunas complicaciones no fatales.

The authors thank the patients and their families for participating in this study. They are grateful to the members of the David Sancho laboratory, especially to Carlos del Fresno, for helpful critical discussion. Rationale: Recurrent wheezing in children represents a severe public health concern. Wheezing attacks (WA), mainly associated with viral infections, lack effective preventive therapies. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mucosal sublingual immunotherapy based on whole inactivated bacteria (MV130) in preventing WA in children. Methods: A Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial including a cohort of 120 children

Conflicting results have been reported on the possible existence of sex differences in mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). There is also a scarcity of data on the impact of sex on outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI). The aim of this study was to analyze sex difference trends in sex-related differences in mortality for STEMI and NSTEMI.A retrospective analysis of 445 145 episodes of MI (2005-2015) was carried out using information from the Spanish National Health System. The incidence rates were expressed as events per 10 000 person-years. The denominators (age-specific groups) were obtained from the nationwide census. We calculated crude and adjusted (multilevel logistic regression) mortality. Poisson regression analysis was used to study temporal trends for in-hospital mortality.A total of 69.8% episodes occurred in men. The mean age in men was 66.1±13.3 years, which was significantly younger than in women, 74.9±12.1 (P.001). A total of 272 407 (61.2%) episodes were STEMI, and 172 738 (38.8%) were NSTEMI. Women accounted for 28.8% of STEMI and 33.9% of NSTEMI episodes (P.001). The effect of female sex on risk-adjusted models for in-hospital mortality was the opposite in STEMI (OR for women, 1.18; 95%CI, 1.14-1.22; P.001) and NSTEMI (OR for women, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.81-0.89; P.001). MI hospitalization rates were higher in men than in women for all age groups [20 vs 7.7 per 10 000 individuals aged 35-94 years (P.001)], with a trend to diminish in both sexes.Women had a slight but significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality after MI, but the effect of sex depended on MI type, with women exhibiting higher mortality for STEMI and lower mortality for NSTEMI.

BackgroundSmoking has been associated with poorer outcomes in relation to COVID-19. Smokers have higher risk of mortality and have a more severe clinical course. There is paucity of data available on this issue, and a definitive link between smoking and COVID-19 prognosis has yet to be established.MethodsWe included 5224 patients with COVID-19 with an available smoking history in a multicentre international registry Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19 (NCT04334291). Patients were included following an in-hospital admission with a COVID-19 diagnosis. We analysed the outcomes of patients with a current or prior history of smoking compared with the non-smoking group. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital death.ResultsFinally, 5224 patients with COVID-19 with available smoking status were analysed. A total of 3983 (67.9%) patients were non-smokers, 934 (15.9%) were former smokers and 307 (5.2%) were active smokers. The median age was 66 years (IQR 52.0–77.0) and 58.6% were male. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (48.5%) and dyslipidaemia (33.0%). A relevant lung disease was present in 19.4%. In-hospital complications such sepsis (23.6%) and embolic events (4.3%) occurred more frequently in the smoker group (pConclusionSmoking has a negative prognostic impact on patients hospitalised with COVID-19.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Hay resultados contradictorios sobre si existen diferencias de sexo en la mortalidad tras el infarto agufo de miocardio (IAM). Ademas, hay escasez de datos sobre el impacto del sexo en los resultados tras un infarto agudo de miocardio con elevacion del segmento ST (IAMCEST) o sin elevacion del segmento ST (IAMSET). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las tendencias de diferencias de sexo en las diferencias de mortalidad relacionadas con el sexo para IAMCEST e IAMSEST. Metodos Se ha realizado un analisis retrospectivo de 445.145 episodios de IAM (2005-2015) utilizando informacion del Sistema Nacional de Salud espanol. Las tasas de incidencia se expresan como eventos por 10.000 personas-ano. Los denominadores (grupos especificos por edad) se han obtenido del censo nacional. Se ha calculado la mortalidad bruta y ajustada (regresion logistica multinivel) y se ha utilizado analisis de regresion de Poisson para estudiar las tendencias temporales de la mortalidad hospitalaria. Resultados El 69,8% eran varones, con una edad media de 66,1 (13,3) anos, significativamente mas joven que las mujeres 74,9 (12,1) (p Conclusiones Las mujeres tienen un aumento ligero pero significativo de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria tras un IAM, pero con un efecto del sexo opuesto segun el tipo de IAM, de forma que las mujeres exhiben una mayor mortalidad por IAMCEST y menor por IAMSEST.

Resumen Introduccion La nutricion artificial (NA) es uno de los ejemplos mas representativos de programas terapeuticos coordinados, lo que hace necesario su desarrollo y adecuada organizacion. Las primeras unidades de nutricion clinica (UNC) surgen en los hospitales publicos del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) en la decada de 1980-1990 y se han ido incorporando progresivamente a los servicios de endocrinologia y nutricion (S°EyN). El objeto de nuestro articulo es exponer los resultados obtenidos del estudio RECALSEEN sobre los aspectos profesionales y organizativos relacionados con las UNC, su estructura y funcionamiento. Material y metodos Los datos se han obtenido del estudio RECALSEEN, que es un estudio descriptivo transversal entre los S°EyN del SNS espanol referido a 2016. La encuesta se recogio de marzo a septiembre de 2017. Las variables cualitativas se describen con su distribucion de frecuencias (numero de casos y porcentajes) y las variables cuantitativas con la media, mediana y desviacion estandar. Resultados Se han obtenido 88 (70%) respuestas de S°EyN sobre un total de 125 hospitales generales de agudos del SNS con 200 o mas camas instaladas. El 83% de S°EyN incorporaban una UNC (98% en los hospitales de 500 o mas camas). Como mediana los S°EyN tienen una enfermera dedicada a nutricion (35% no disponian de este recurso). El 53% de S°EyN con unidad de nutricion tenian dietistas integrados en la unidad (mediana: 1). Los S°EyN situadas en hospitales de 500 o mas camas tienen una mayor complejidad, con una amplia cartera de servicios de unidades monograficas (obesidad morbida —78,3%—, nutricion artificial domiciliaria —87%—, enfermedades cronicas —65,2%—) y de tecnicas especificas (impedanciometria —78%—). Sin embargo, solo se realiza un test de cribado universal de desnutricion en el 14% de los centros, y el diagnostico secundario de desnutricion unicamente aparece en 12,3 informes por cada 1.000 altas hospitalarias. Discusion Tras los estudios de 1997 y 2003 los resultados de 2017 arrojan un notable crecimiento y consolidacion de las UNC dentro de los S°EyN de la mayoria de los hospitales. Actualmente, el crecimiento de la especialidad pasa en buena medida por la demanda asistencial que crea la nutricion clinica hospitalaria. La dotacion de personal de enfermeria y de dietistas-nutricionistas en las UNC sigue siendo insuficiente y, en este ultimo caso, son frecuentes los contratos atipicos, o becas financiadas por proyectos de investigacion o por la industria farmaceutica. La presencia de unidades para enfermedades nutricionales especificas, y la participacion en grupos multidisciplinares, bastante heterogenea, se concentra en hospitales de 500 o mas camas y constituye una excelente oportunidad de desarrollo para las UNC. Conclusiones La incorporacion de UNC en los S°EyN es amplia en los hospitales de Espana, y la asistencia se realiza por endocrinologos que dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo a la nutricion clinica en mas de la mitad de los hospitales. Esta circunstancia es mas comun en centros grandes, con elevadas cargas de trabajo en relacion con las dotaciones de personal. Se observa una considerable heterogeneidad entre los hospitales, tanto en terminos de numero como de tipo de actividad de las UNC.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El tratamiento de la hipertension pulmonar tromboembolica cronica (HTPTEC) ha evolucionado en la ultima decada. Sin embargo, apenas se dispone de informacion sobre el impacto de estos logros en la poblacion general a escala nacional. Este estudio se diseno para describir las caracteristicas de los pacientes con HTPTEC en Espana en la ultima decada. Metodos Se recogieron prospectivamente datos epidemiologicos, clinicos y pronosticos de los pacientes con HTPTEC consecutivos incluidos en el registro espanol REHAP desde el 1 de enero de 2007 al 31 de diciembre de 2018. Se evaluaron las diferencias entre diferentes periodos de tiempo, estableciendo 2013 como fecha de referencia para el analisis. Se calculo la puntuacion de propension para la intervencion mediante un modelo multivariable de regresion logistica. Resultados Se incluyo a 1.019 pacientes; se remitio a 659 (64,4%) a un centro nacional de referencia en HTPTEC. Del total, se selecciono a 350 (34,3%) para cirugia y a 97 (9,6%) para tratamiento percutaneo. Entre los pacientes diagnosticados entre 2007 y 2012 hubo mas frecuencia de muerte que entre los diagnosticados de 2013 en adelante (HR = 1,83; IC95%, 1,07-3,15; p = 0,027). En el grupo de pacientes ajustado por el modelo de puntuacion de propension, las resistencias vasculares pulmonares basales y la distancia recorrida en el test de 6 min de marcha tambien fueron determinantes del pronostico (respectivamente, HR = 1,24; IC95%, 1,15-1,33; p = 0,011, y HR = 0,93; IC95%, 0,90-0,97; p = 0,001). Las tasas de supervivencia de los pacientes que se sometieron a un procedimiento intervencionista (trombendarterectomia pulmonar o angioplastia con balon de arterias pulmonares) resultaron llamativamente altas. Conclusiones Durante la ultima decada, el diagnostico y el pronostico de la HTPTEC han mejorado de manera considerable. La gravedad de la enfermedad al diagnostico determino el perfil de riesgo. Los pacientes a los que se realizaron trombendarterectomia pulmonar o angioplastia con balon de arterias pulmonares tuvieron mejores resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Analizar la asociación entre algunas variables estructurales de los centros tratantes (disponibilidad de cirugía cardiaca y de unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiológicos [UCIC]), así como su volumen de procedimientos, con los resultados del reemplazo quirúrgico de válvula aórtica (RQVA) o transcatéter (TAVI). Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes dados de alta en los hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud español a quienes se realizó un procedimiento RQVA o TAVI en los años 2014 y 2015. La fuente de los datos fue el Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos. Las variables de resultados analizadas fueron la mortalidad intrahospitalaria, la duración de la estancia (ambas ajustadas por el riesgo) y la presencia de complicaciones. La disponibilidad de cirugía cardiaca y la disponibilidad de UCIC se utilizaron como variables estructurales de los centros. Resultados: Se analizaron 2.055 TAVI y 15.146 RQVA. Los modelos de ajuste para la mortalidad intrahospitalaria mostraron una buena discriminación (área bajo la curva ROC para el modelo conjunto de TAVI y RQVA: 0,84; IC95%, 0,82-0,85) y calibración (p < 0,001). La odds ratio mediana del modelo fue de 1,73, lo que señala una elevada variabilidad interhospitalaria. Los hospitales con mayor volumen de actividad, con servicio de cirugía cardiaca y dotados de UCIC muestran menor mortalidad ajustada al riesgo en ambos procedimientos. Conclusiones: Se observa una asociación consistente entre las características estructurales de los centros tratantes y los resultados del reemplazo valvular aórtico, tanto quirúrgico como transcatéter. Además, la disponibilidad de UCIC podría ser un factor relevante en los resultados de dichos procedimientos.

Introduction Artificial nutrition (AI) is one of the most representative examples of coordinated therapeutic programs, and therefore requires adequate development and organization. The first clinical nutrition units (CNUs) emerged in the public hospitals of the Spanish National Health System (NHS) in the 80s and have gradually been incorporated into the departments of endocrinology and nutrition (DENs). The purpose of our article is to report on the results found in the RECALSEEN study as regards the professional and organizational aspects relating to CNUs and their structure and operation. Materials and methods Data were collected from the RECALSEEN study, a cross-sectional, descriptive study of the DENs in the Spanish NHS in 2016. The survey was compiled from March to September 2017. Qualitative variables were reported as frequency distributions (number of cases and percentages), and quantitative variables as the mean, median, and standard deviation (SD). Results A total of 88 (70%) DENs, out of a total of 125 general acute hospitals of the NHS with 200 or more installed beds, completed the survey. CNUs were available in 83% of DENs (98% in hospitals with 500 or more beds). As a median, DENs had one nurse dedicated to nutrition (35% did not have this resource). Fifty-three percent of DENs with nutrition units had dieticians integrated into the unit (median: 1). DENs located in hospitals with 500 or more beds are more complex and have a wide portfolio of monographic unit services (morbid obesity, 78.3%; artificial home nutrition, 87%; chronic diseases, 65.2%) and specific techniques (impedanciometry, 78%). However, only 14% of the centers perform universal screening tests for malnutrition, and a secondary diagnosis of malnutrition only appears in 12.3 reports per 1000 hospital discharges. Discussion After the 1997 and 2003 studies, the results of 2017 show a marked growth and consolidation of CNUs within the DENs in most hospitals. Today, the growth of this specialty is largely due to the care demand created by hospital clinical nutrition. CNUs still have an insufficient nursing staff and dietitians/nutritionists, and in the latter case, atypical contracts or grants funded by research projects or the pharmaceutical industry are common. Units for specific nutritional diseases and participation in multidisciplinary groups, quite heterogeneous, are concentrated in hospitals with 500 or more beds and represent an excellent opportunity for CNU development. Conclusions Many DENs of Spanish hospitals include CNUs where care is provided by endocrinologists, who devote most of their time to clinical nutrition in more than half of the hospitals. This is most common in large centers with a high workload in relation to staffing. There is considerable heterogeneity between hospitals in terms of both the number and type of activity of the CNUs.

Background: The presence of any underlying heart condition could influence outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The registry HOPE-COVID-19 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19, NCT04334291) is an international ambispective study, enrolling COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital, dead or alive. Results: HOPE enrolled 2798 patients from 35 centers in 7 countries. Median age was 67 years (IQR: 53.0-78.0), and most were male (59.5%). A relevant heart disease was present in 682 (24%) cases. These were older, more frequently male, with higher overall burden of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, obesity) and other comorbidities such renal failure, lung, cerebrovascular disease and oncologic antecedents (p < 0.01, for all). The heart cohort received more corticoids (28.9% vs. 20.4%, p < 0.001), antibiotics, but less hydroxychloroquine, antivirals or tocilizumab. Considering the epidemiologic profile, a previous heart condition was independently related with shortterm mortality in the Cox multivariate analysis (1.62; 95% CI 1.29-2.03; p < 0.001). Moreover, heart patients needed more respiratory, circulatory support, and presented more in-hospital events, such heart failure, renal failure, respiratory insufficiency, sepsis, systemic infammatory response syndrome and clinically relevant bleedings (all, p < 0.001), and mortality (39.7% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: An underlying heart disease is an adverse prognostic factor for patients suffering COVID-19. Its presence could be related with different clinical drug management and would benefit from maintaining treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers during in-hospital stay. Fundacion Interhospitalaria para la Investigacion cardiovascular, FIC. Madrid, Spain 3.487 JCR (2021) Q2, 70/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 0.52 SJR (2021) Q2, 163/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most frequently consumed performance enhancing drugs (PED) in sports. In the anti-doping field, the detection of AAS is carried out by the analysis of the athlete’s urine using methodologies based on liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unfortunately, the detection of unknown compounds is not possible. BDS’s AR CALUX® bio detection technology was studied as an indirect method to detect the administration of a single dose of testosterone (T). Twelve T and placebo single dose administered men volunteers underwent a triple-blind crossover clinical trial. The UGT2B17 deletion was present among the volunteers and evenly distributed in heterozygous (ins/del), wild-type homozygous (ins/ins), and mutated homozygous (del/del) groups. A significant statistical difference in terms of bioluminescence was observed after the testosterone (T) administration for the three types of polymorphic groups. The ratio of means between the pre- and post-T administration periods, depending on the type of polymorphism, was in group ins/ins 3.31 (CI. 95%: 2.07–5.29), group ins/del 4.15 (CI 95%: 3.05–5.67), and group del/del 2.89 (CI 95%: 2.42–3.46). The results of the study are very promising, as they may offer us the possibility of designing a detection approach that, based on intra-individual monitoring of androgenic values, in the UGT2B17 deletion type.

A significant proportion of cases of cardiogenic shock (CS) are due aetiologies other than acute coronary syndromes (non ACS-CS). We assessed differences regarding clinical profile, management, and prognosis according to the cause of CS among nonselected patients with CS from a large nationwide database.We performed an observational study including patients admitted from the hospitals of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS) with a principal or secondary diagnosis code of CS (2016-2019). Data were obtained from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS). Hospitals were classified according to the availability of cardiology related resources, as well as the availability of Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU).A total of 10,826 episodes of CS were included, of whom 5,495 (50.8%) were non-ACS related. Non ACS-CS patients were younger (71.5 vs. 72.4 years) and had a lower burden of arteriosclerosis-related comorbidities. Non ACS-CS cases underwent less often invasive procedures and presented lower in-hospital mortality (57.1% vs. 61%,p 0.001). The most common main diagnosis among non ACS-CS was acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (ADCHF) (35.4%). A lower risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate was observed in high volume hospitals (52.6% vs. 56.7%; p 0.001), as well as in centers with ICCU (OR: 0.71; CI 95%: 0.58-0.87; p 0.001).More than a half of cases of CS were due to non-ACS causes. Non ACS-CS cases are a very heterogeneous group, with different clinical profile and management. Management at high-volume hospitals and availability of ICCU were associated with lower risk adjusted mortality among non ACS-CS patients.

The rates of undiagnosed and late-diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are high. Screening for HIV infection in hospital emergency departments (EDs) could offer a way to increase the number of diagnoses. Our aim was to analyze whether universal hospital ED screening for HIV is efficient.We followed the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Web of Science were searched using the following terms: "HIV infections/epidemiology," "AIDS serodiagnosis," "emergency service, hospital," "prevalence," and "mass screening/methods." The searches were limited to a 5-year time frame (2016-2020); only publications in English or Spanish were collected. We included studies of universal HIV screening among hospital ED patients and evaluated them using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.A total of 273 articles were identified. Twelve met the inclusion criteria. The studies analyzed 103 731 patient samples and yielded 652 new HIV diagnoses. A random effects model estimated an overall new-diagnosis prevalence of 0.60% (95% CI, 0.39%-0.84%). The heterogeneity statistic I2 was high, at 90.02% (P .001). Estimates of prevalence based on studies carried out in Europe, the United States, and Africa were, respectively, 0.48% (95% CI, 0.13%-1.03%), 0.54% (95% CI, 0.33%-0.40%), and 5.6% (95% CI, 3.37%-9.2%). The studies received quality ratings of moderate or strong.Although the reviewed studies applied various screening strategies to identify new HIV diagnoses, our findings support the conclusion that universal screening is efficient.Existe una elevada tasa de infección oculta y diagnóstico tardío en el virus de la inmunodeficiencia hu mana (VIH). La realización de pruebas diagnósticas de infección por VIH en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) puede representar una oportunidad para aumentar el número de diagnósticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si el cribado universal para el VIH realizado en los SUH es eficiente.Se realiza una revisión sistemática y metanálisis siguiendo la normativa PRISMA en la base de datos de Pubmed, Cochrane, LILACS, Scopus, EMBASE y WOS utilizando una combinación de términos MESH: “HIV Infections/ epidemiology”, “AIDS Serodiagnosis”, “Emergency Service, Hospital”, “Prevalence”, “Mass screening/methods”. Los criterios de la búsqueda se centraron en los últimos 5 años (2016-2020) y en los artículos publicados en inglés y en español. Se incluyeron los estudios de pruebas de cribado universal mediante test de cribado de VIH realizadas en los SUH. Para evaluar la calidad de los artículos se utilizó el cuestionario “Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies”.Se identificaron un total de 273 artículos de los cuales se analizaron finalmente 12 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios incluidos representan un total de 103.731 muestras analizadas obteniéndose un total de 652 nuevos diagnósticos de VIH. La prevalencia conjunta obtenida a través del modelo de efectos aleatorios fue de 0,60% (IC 95%: 0,39-0,84) y el valor del I2 revela una presencia elevada de heterogeneidad (I2 90,02%; p 0,001). La prevalencia conjunta en los estudios incluidos realizados en Europa, América y África fue de 0,48% (IC 95%: 0,13-1,03), 0,54% (IC 95%: 0,33-0,40) y 5,6% (IC 95%: 3,37-9,2), respectivamente. La evaluación de la calidad de los estudios fue de moderada a fuerte.Aunque las pruebas del VIH pueden realizarse utilizando diferentes estrategias, nuestros datos avalan que una estrategia de cribado universal es eficiente.

The last 10 years have seen a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance rates in bacteria isolated from companion animals. Exposure of individuals to resistant bacteria from companion animals, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase- (CPE) producing Enterobacteriaceae, can be propitiated. Few studies evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in dogs. This work aims to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with colonization of ESBL-E and CPE-E in 44 canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains was analyzed and the molecular detection of resistant genes was performed. A prevalence of 25.0% and an incidence of ESBL-E of 45.5% were observed in dogs colonized by Enterobacteriaceae at hospital admission and release, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii were identified as ESBL-producing bacterial species. Resistance genes were detected for ESBL-producing strains. No CPE isolates were obtained on the CPE-selective medium. The administration of corticosteroids prior to hospitalization and the presence of concomitant diseases were associated with colonization by these bacteria in dogs. Considering that one-quarter of the patients evaluated were colonized by ESBL-E, companion animals should be considered as potential transmission vehicles and ESBL-E reservoirs for humans. Special care should be taken in animals attended at veterinary hospitals, as the length of stay in the hospital could increase the risks.

Background EAACI guidelines emphasize the importance of patient history in diagnosing food allergy (FA) and the need for studies investigating its value using standardized allergy‐focused questionnaires. Objective To determine the contribution of reaction characteristics, allergic comorbidities and demographics to prediction of FA in individuals experiencing food‐related adverse reactions. Methods Adult and school‐age participants in the standardized EuroPrevall population surveys, with self‐reported FA, were included. Penalized multivariable regression was used to assess the association of patient history determinants with “probable” FA, defined as a food‐specific case history supported by relevant IgE sensitization. Results In adults (N = 844), reproducibility of reaction (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.29‐1.41]), oral allergy symptoms (OAS) (4.46 [4.19‐4.75]), allergic rhinitis (AR) comorbidity (2.82 [2.68‐2.95]), asthma comorbidity (1.38 [1.30‐1.46]) and male sex (1.50 [1.41‐1.59]) were positively associated with probable FA. Gastrointestinal symptoms (0.88 [0.85‐0.91]) made probable FA less likely. The AUC of a model combining all selected predictors was 0.85 after cross‐validation. In children (N = 670), OAS (2.26 [2.09‐2.44]) and AR comorbidity (1.47 [CI 1.39‐1.55]) contributed most to prediction of probable FA, with a combined cross‐validation‐based AUC of 0.73. When focusing on plant foods, the dominant source of FA in adults, the pediatric model also included gastrointestinal symptoms (inverse association), and the AUC increased to 0.81. Conclusions In both adults and school‐age children from the general population, reporting of OAS and of AR comorbidity appear to be the strongest predictors of probable FA. Patient history particularly allows for good discrimination between presence and absence of probable plant FA., In support of expert opinion, data collected in a standardized manner all across Europe reveal that information available from patient history can accurately predict IgE sensitization corresponding to a food‐specific case history (probable FA). OAS and AR comorbidity are strongly associated with presence of FA and GI symptoms with absence of FA (particularly plant FA) in adults and children. Abbreviations: AA, allergic asthma; AR, allergic rhinitis; FA, food allergy; GI, gastrointestinal; OAS, oral allergy symptoms

To determine the presence of a group of mutations, and establish the prognostic value for recurrence and progression. Prospective observational study. Intermediate-to-high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) was evaluated. Data from genetic analyses were included in a database along with clinicopathological variables of interest. Seventy-four patients. Twenty-five (33.8%) recurred and 3 (4.1%) progressed. Median time to recurrence: 8 months (5.7–12.7). Median time to progression: 14 months (P75: 12). Mutation distribution: KRAS codon 12: one patient (1.4%), BAT25: five patients (6.8%), BAT-26: four patients (5.4%), and D2S123: 6 patients (8.1%). Arg72Pro polymorphism: 50 patients (67.6%) exhibited homozygous mutations, 23 (31.1%) were heterozygous, and 1 patient (1.4%) did not present the mutation. We found an association between presence of MSI at BAT26 and female sex (p

Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing infective endocarditis (IE) associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is not well established. Current ESC guidelines recommend the use of FDG-PET imaging in patients with CIEDs and positive blood cultures, but the number of studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET imaging in these patients remain limited. Our objective was to assess the diagnostic yield of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with suspected CIED infections, differentiating between pocket infection (PI) and lead infection (CIED-IE). From 2013 to 2018, all patients (n = 63) admitted to a hospital with suspected CIED infection were prospectively recruited, undergoing a diagnostic work-up including a PET/CT. Explanted devices and material from the pocket were cultured. 14 cases corresponded to isolated PI and 13 were categorized as CIED-IE. Considering radionuclide uptake in the intracardiac portion of the lead, sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for CIED-IE were 38.5% and 98.0%, respectively. Positive (19.2) and negative (0.6) likelihood ratio values, suggest that a positive PET/CT is much more probable to correspond to a patient with CIED-IE, whereas it is not possible to exclude this diagnosis when negative. For PI, sensitivity and specificity were 72.2% and 95.6%, respectively. The yield of 18F-FDG PET/CT for suspected CIED infections differs depending on the site of infection. Due to very high specificity but poor sensitivity, negative studies must be interpreted with caution if the suspicion of CIED-IE is high.

Key summary points Aim According to age, there are differences in the clinical profile, presentation, management, and short-term outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Emergency Department. Findings A statistically significant association was found between demographic data, comorbidities, clinical, radiographic, analytical, and therapeutic variables and short-term results according to age-dependent categories. Age was a prognostic factor for hospital admission and in-hospital and 30-day mortality, and was associated with not being admitted to intensive care. Message Clinical presentation, management, and short-term outcomes differ according to age among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Emergency Department. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00359-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users., Purpose To determine the differences by age-dependent categories in the clinical profile, presentation, management, and short-term outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a Spanish Emergency Department (ED). Methods Secondary analysis of COVID-19_URG-HCSC registry. We included all consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the ED of the University Hospital Clinico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain). The population was divided into six age groups. Demographic, baseline and acute clinical data, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were collected. Results 1379 confirmed COVID-19 cases (mean age 62 (SD 18) years old; 53.5% male) were included (18.1%

Background/AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the optic nerve head (ONH) and macular vessel density with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and the ONH haemoglobin (ONH Hb) amount with Laguna ONhE program in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients.MethodsIn this prospective observational cross-sectional study, 67 OAG patients and 41 healthy age-sex frequency matched subjects were examined with OCT-A and retinal photos. The circumpapillary (wcpVD), optic nerve head (iVD) and macular (wmVD) capillary vessel density of OCT-A and ONH colorimetric assessment to determine the ONH Hb amount using the Laguna ONhE program were evaluated.ResultsSignificant differences between normal subjects and glaucoma patients in the wcpVD (22.18±3.42 vs 16.03±2.89%; pConclusionLaguna ONhE program and OCT-A have similar diagnostic validity in open-angle glaucoma patients.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Analizar la asociacion entre volumen y resultados en cirugia de revascularizacion aortocoronaria (CABG) en el Sistema Nacional de Salud de Espana. Metodos Se analizaron los eventos de CABG entre 2013-2015. Las variables de resultado seleccionadas fueron la mortalidad hospitalaria en el evento indice, asi como los reingresos por causa cardiaca a los 30 dias y la mortalidad en el reingreso. Mediante regresion logistica multinivel, se obtuvieron las tasas ajustadas a riesgo de mortalidad hospitalaria (RAMER) y de reingresos (RARER). Se discrimino entre centros de alto y bajo volumen mediante un analisis no condicionado (k-medias), utilizando tambien para CABG la recomendacion de volumen de las guias de practica clinica. Resultados Se incluyeron 17.335 eventos de CABG con una mortalidad bruta del 5,0%. Los eventos atendidos en centros de bajo volumen para CABG ( Conclusiones Los hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud tienen un bajo volumen promedio de CABG. Se ha hallado una asociacion entre mayor volumen y mejores resultados en la CABG total y aislada. Los hallazgos de este estudio aconsejan una mayor concentracion de CABG y la publicacion de los resultados ajustados a riesgo de la intervencion coronaria.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las caracteristicas generales y los resultados oncologicos en una cohorte de 408 casos de prostatectomia radical asistida por robot da Vinci Standard de 4 brazos, realizadas entre octubre del 2006 y febrero del 2015. El analisis estadistico se realizo con el programa SPSS 20.0. Las variables cualitativas se presentan con su distribucion de frecuencias y las cuantitativas con su media y desviacion estandar o mediana y rango intercuartil. La asociacion entre variables cualitativas se analizo con el test de la χ2. La variable de resultado de la supervivencia libre de enfermedad se evaluo con un analisis de curvas de Kaplan-Meier y se contrastaron las diferencias con el test de Breslow. Se ajusto un modelo de regresion de Cox. Entre los resultados destacamos un seguimiento 47 meses (32-68,75 meses), supervivencia libre de recurrencia 90 meses (IC del 95%, 86-94), mediana de tiempo a recurrencia de 23 meses (10,5-37 meses), recurrencia del 16,6% (68/408), recidiva bioquimica (62/498, 15,2%) y un 22% de complicaciones, la mayoria Clavien I-II. Los resultados se resumen en las tablas 1 a 7 y en la figura 1. Conclusiones: 1) la prostatectomia radical robotica es una tecnica segura con un porcentaje asumible de complicaciones, en su mayoria menores (grados i y ii de Clavien); 2) encontramos mayor probabilidad de permanecer libre de recidiva en los grados mas bajos de la clasificacion de ISUP y mayor probabilidad de recidiva en casos de alto riesgo, y 3) en el modelo multivariante comprobamos que el grado ISUP se relaciono de forma significativa con la supervivencia y fueron variables pronosticas independientes los grados de la clasificacion ISUP y los margenes quirurgicos positivos.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the general characteristics and oncological results in a cohort of 408 cases submitted to da Vinci Standard 4-armed robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), performed between October 2006 and February 2015 at Clinico San Carlos hospital. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 20.0 program. Qualitative variables are presented with their frequency distribution and quantitative variables with their mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. The χ2 test was used to analyze the association of qualitative variables. The disease-free survival outcome variable was evaluated with a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, and the differences were contrasted with the Breslow test. A Cox regression model was adjusted. Among the results, we highlight the follow-up of 47 months (32-68.75m), recurrence-free survival of 90 months (95% CI, 86-94), median time to recurrence of 23 months (10.5-37 m), recurrence 16'6% (68/408), biochemical recurrence (62/498, 15'2%) and 22% of complications, mostly Clavien I-II. The results are summarized in Tables 1 to 7 and Figure 1. CONCLUSIONS: 1) RARP is a safe technique with an acceptable percentage of complications, mostly minor (Clavien grades iandii), 2) We found a higher probability of remaining recurrence-free in the lower grades of the ISUP classification and a higher probability of recurrence in high-risk cases, and 3) The multivariate model showed that the ISUP grade was significantly related to survival and the ISUP and PSM classification grades were independent prognostic variables.

Although many demographic and clinical predictors of mortality have been studied in relation to COVID-19, little has been reported about the prognostic utility of inflammatory biomarkers.Retrospective cohort study. All patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 treated in a hospital emergency department were included consecutively if baseline measurements of the following biomarkers were on record: lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio NRL, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels. We analyzed associations between the biomarkers and all-cause 30-day mortality using Cox regression models and dose-response curves.We included 896 patients, 151 (17%) of whom died within 30 days. The median (interquartile range) age was 63 (51-78) years, and 494 (55%) were men. NLR, CRP and PCT levels at ED presentation were higher, while lymphocyte counts were lower, in patients who died compared to those who survived (P .001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves revealed the PCT concentration (0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83) to be a better predictor of 30-day mortality than the lymphocyte count (0.70; 95% CI, 0.65-0.74; P .001), the NLR (0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.78; P = .03), or the CRP level (0.72; 95% CI, 0.68-0.76; P .001). The proposed PCT concentration decision points for use in emergency department case management were 0.06 ng/L (negative) and 0.72 ng/L (positive). These cutoffs helped classify risk in 357 patients (40%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the PCT concentration had the strongest association with mortality.PCT concentration in the emergency department predicts all-cause 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 better than other inflammatory biomarkers.Existen múltiples variables demográficas y clínicas predictivas de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19. Sin embargo, hay menos información sobre el valor pronóstico de los biomarcadores inflamatorios.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva todos los pacientes con COVID-19, confirmado por laboratorio, atendidos en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) y con valor basal de los siguientes biomarcadores: recuento linfocitario, índice neutrófilo/linfocito (INL), proteína C reactiva (PCR) y procalcitonina (PCT). La relación entre los biomarcadores y la mortalidad total a 30 días se analizó mediante una regresión de Cox y gráficos de dosis-respuesta.Se incluyeron 896 pacientes, 151 (17%) fallecieron en los primeros 30 días. La mediana de edad fue de 63 años (51-78) y 494 (55%) eran hombres. El valor de INL, PCR y PCT fue mayor, mientras que el recuento linfocitario fue menor, en los pacientes que fallecieron respecto a los que sobrevivieron (p 0,001). La PCT fue superior al recuento linfocitario, INL y PCR en la predicción de mortalidad a 30 días (ABC 0,79 [IC 95%: 0,75-0,83] vs 0,70 [IC 95%: 0,65-0,74], p 0,001; 0,74 [IC 95%: 0,69-0,78], p = 0,03; y 0,72 [IC 95%: 0,68-0,76], p 0,001). Los puntos de decisión de PCT propuestos, 0,06 ng/l para exclusión y 0,72 ng/l para inclusión de muerte a 30 días, podrían facilitar la toma de decisiones en urgencias. Hubo 357 pacientes (40%) con valores de PCT en estas categorías. El análisis multivariable mostró una mayor asociación con la mortalidad para PCT que en los otros biomarcadores estudiados.PCT es el biomarcador con mejor capacidad para predecir mortalidad a 30 días por cualquier causa en pacientes con COVID-19 valorados en un SUH.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We sought to compare the results on in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission rates among patients with AMI-SCAD vs AMI due to other causes (AMI-non-SCAD).Risk-standardized in-hospital mortality (rIMR) and risk-standardized 30-day readmission ratios (rRAR) were calculated using the minimum dataset of the Spanish National Health System (2016-2019).A total of 806 episodes of AMI-SCAD were compared with 119 425 episodes of AMI-non-SCAD. Patients with AMI-SCAD were younger and more frequently female than those with AMI-non-SCAD. Crude in-hospital mortality was lower (3% vs 7.6%; P.001) and rIMR higher (7.6±1.7% vs 7.4±1.7%; P=.019) in AMI-SCAD. However, after propensity score adjustment (806 pairs), the mortality rate was similar in the 2 groups (AdjOR, 1.15; 95%CI, 0.61-2,2; P=.653). Crude 30-day readmission rates were also similar in the 2 groups (4.6% vs 5%, P=.67) whereas rRAR were lower (4.7±1% vs 4.8%±1%; P=.015) in patients with AMI-SCAD. Again, after propensity score adjustment (715 pairs) readmission rates were similar in the 2 groups (AdjOR, 1.14; 95%CI, 0.67-1.98; P=.603).In-hospital mortality and readmission rates are similar in patients with AMI-SCAD and AMI-non-SCAD when adjusted for the differences in baseline characteristics. These findings underscore the need to optimize the management, treatment, and clinical follow-up of patients with SCAD.

Background: the heterogeneity and lack of validation of existing severity scores for food allergic reactions limit standardization of case management and research advances. We aimed to develop and validate a severity score for food allergic reactions. Methods: following a multidisciplinary experts consensus, it was decided to develop a food allergy severity score (FASS) with ordinal (oFASS) and numerical (nFASS) formats. oFASS with 3 and 5 grades were generated through expert consensus, and nFASS by mathematical modeling. Evaluation was performed in the EuroPrevall outpatient clinic cohort (8232 food reactions) by logistic regression with request of emergency care and medications used as outcomes. Discrimination, classification, and calibration were calculated. Bootstrapping internal validation was followed by external validation (logistic regression) in 5 cohorts (3622 food reactions). Correlation of nFASS with the severity classification done by expert allergy clinicians by Best-Worst Scaling of 32 food reactions was calculated. Results: oFASS and nFASS map consistently, with nFASS having greater granularity. With the outcomes emergency care, adrenaline and critical medical treatment, oFASS and nFASS had a good discrimination (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [ROC-AUC]>0.80), classification (sensitivity 0.87–0.92, specificity 0.73–0.78), and calibration. Bootstrapping over ROC-AUC showed negligible biases (1.0 × 10 −6–1.23 × 10 −3). In external validation, nFASS performed best with higher ROC-AUC. nFASS was strongly correlated (R 0.89) to best-worst scoring of 334 expert clinicians. Conclusion: FASS is a validated and reliable method to measure severity of food allergic reactions. The ordinal and numerical versions that map onto each other are suitable for use by different stakeholders in different settings.

Background: Patients with sepsis with a concomitant coronavirus (COVID-19) infection are related to a high morbidity and mortality rate. We investigated a large cohort of patients with sepsis with a concomitant COVID-19, and we developed a risk score for the estimation of sepsis risk in COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a sub-analysis from the international Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation Registry for COVID-19 (HOPE-COVID-19-Registry, NCT04334291). Out of 5,837 patients with COVID-19, 624 patients were diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 International Consensus.Results: In multivariable analysis, the following risk factors were identified as independent predictors for developing sepsis: current smoking, tachypnoea (>22 breath per minute), hemoptysis, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) 1.5 mg/dl. By assigning odds ratio (OR) weighted points to these variables, the following three risk categories were defined to develop sepsis during admission: low-risk group (probability of sepsis 3.1–11.8%); intermediate-risk group (24.8–53.8%); and high-risk-group (58.3–100%). A score of 1 was assigned to current smoking, tachypnoea, decreased SpO2, decreased BP, decreased GCS, elevated PCT, TnI, and creatinine, whereas a score of 2 was assigned to hemoptysis.Conclusions: The HOPE Sepsis Score including nine parameters is useful in identifying high-risk COVID-19 patients to develop sepsis. Sepsis in COVID-19 is associated with a high mortality rate.

espanolIntroduccion y objetivos: Analizar la asociacion entre algunas variables estructurales de los centros tratantes (disponibilidad de cirugia cardiaca y de unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiologicos [UCIC]), asi como su volumen de procedimientos, con los resultados del reemplazo quirurgico de valvula aortica (RQVA) o transcateter (TAVI). Metodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes dados de alta en los hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud espanol a quienes se realizo un procedimiento RQVA o TAVI en los anos 2014 y 2015. La fuente de los datos fue el Conjunto Minimo Basico de Datos. Las variables de resultados analizadas fueron la mortalidad intrahospitalaria, la duracion de la estancia (ambas ajustadas por el riesgo) y la presencia de complicaciones. La disponibilidad de cirugia cardiaca y la disponibilidad de UCIC se utilizaron como variables estructurales de los centros. Resultados: Se analizaron 2.055 TAVI y 15.146 RQVA. Los modelos de ajuste para la mortalidad intrahospitalaria mostraron una buena discriminacion (area bajo la curva ROC para el modelo conjunto de TAVI y RQVA: 0,84; IC95%, 0,82-0,85) y calibracion (p Conclusiones: Se observa una asociacion consistente entre las caracteristicas estructurales de los centros tratantes y los resultados del reemplazo valvular aortico, tanto quirurgico como transcateter. Ademas, la disponibilidad de UCIC podria ser un factor relevante en los resultados de dichos procedimientos. EnglishIntroduction and objectives: To analyze if there is an association between certain structural variables of the treating centres (availability of cardiac surgery and an intensive care unit [CICU] led by cardiologists) and the volume of procedures performed that may be impacting the results of surgical (SAVR) or transcatheter (TAVI) aortic valve treatment. Methods: Retrospective and observational study of all patients discharged from hospitals from the Spanish National Health System who underwent a SAVR or a TAVI procedure. The source of the data was the administrative minimum basic data set. The outcome variables analyzed were in-hospital mortality, length of stay (both of them risk-adjusted), and presence of complications. As structural variables for the centers studied we used the availability of cardiac surgeries and CICU. Results: A total of 2055 TAVI and 15 146 SAVR episodes were identified. The adjustment models for in-hospital mortality showed good discrimination ( AUC for the SAVR and TAVI model: 0.84; 95%CI, 0.82-0.85) and calibration (P Conclusions:A consistent association is observed between the structural characteristics of the treating centers and the results of aortic valve management both surgical and transcatheter. Also, the availability of a CICU could be a relevant factor in the outcomes of these procedures.