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PhD Thesis in SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE AGRARIE, AMBIENTALI E ALIMENTARI, University of Bologna.

8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 1486-1489, The actual climate crisis generated by the global warming requires a strong civic participation to find a sustainable solution to overcome this critical time. The COP26, the UN climate conference, which took place last year in Glasgow, has the highest participation rate in COP´s history despite the global pandemic. The world was expecting more ambitious actions for a clean global energy transition to achieve the 1.5 degree-goal. It is now clear that this ambitious goal cannot be achieved only by political decisions. A strong civic participation is required to make sure that the global warming will not lead to an irreversible status of the climatic crisis characterized by climate events, which will make the life of human beings not more sustainable on this planet. Social innovations are the key to overcome this crisis and provide a sustainable solution to the mitigation of global warming towards the achievement of 1.5 degree-goal. Social innovations are defined as “New ideas (products, services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationships or collaborations. In other words, they are innovations that are not only good for society but also enhance society’s capacity to act”. Source: Empowering people, driving change, Bureau of European Advisers (BEPA), Brussels (2011). In the renewable energy sector, social innovations are identified as the business models able to support the production of renewable energy and, at the same time, the cooperation among citizens. As common denominator they have the concept of “power of many” to highlight that, through the union of small contributions, it is possible to build projects having positive environmental, economic and social impacts. The business models implementing social innovation in the renewable energy sector are cooperatives, aggregators and crowdfunding platforms. The development of renewable energies and a greater civic participation will be the two pillars of the clean energy transition. Social innovations can combine these two fundamental aspects and lead to the energy democracy and, as consequence, to a mitigation of the global warming. This paper has been prepared in the framework of the European project SocialRES (Fig. 1), which has the aim to investigate the business models of social innovations in the renewable energy sector to provide the owners or managers of crowdfunding platforms and cooperatives and aggregators, named “the facilitators of energy democracy”, with new tools to further support the production of renewable energy and the participation of citizens.

The Mediterranean region is known for being rich in traditional food products representing a vital part of the local heritage. Small traditional food productions are sometime considered less safe than industrial productions because the combination of artisan practices in traditional settings, potentially instable hygienic conditions and variable production processes may result in the contamination and survival of foodborne pathogens that may persist throughout the chain until the time of consumption. To support the Mediterranean artisanal food producers PRIMA funded the ArtiSafeFood project [1]. Within the project enumeration of total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae along with identification of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was performed on two batches (July and September 2020) of artisanal salami named “salame gentile” produced in Emilia Romagna region. During the surveys a total of 140 samples were collected as raw materials, dried and fermented products and the related environment during the artisanal salami ripening period of six months. Four L. monocytogenes and three S. aureus isolates were collected. No samples were positive for Salmonella. Results on the enumeration of native microflora as well as antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates will be presented and discussed.

Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD) gains new attention in Taiwan due to their catastrophic impacts on lives and infrastructures during Typhoon Morakot in 2009. As the main Taiwan island is located on a complex convergent plate boundary, conventional observations and analyses suggest that the island’s strong tectonic activity has, along with its subtropical climate and intense human activity in mountain areas, contributed to the formation of deep-seated landslides. It is especially so for high-altitude areas featuring Miocene to Eocene meta-sandstone and slate successions, where reactivations of landslide terrains are observed from field observation and some GPS sites after specific events. Among them, Tienchih, located in Lalong River of Kaohsiung, and Yakou, few km east in Taitung County were assessed as highly landslide-prone area after the heavy precipitation of Typhoon Morakot (over 2700 mm of rainfall within only 5 days). In this areas, several deep-seated landslides were identified according to geomorphological features seen in the 1-m resolution LiDAR DEM and InSAR preliminary results. In Tienchih area, a catastrophic 240-mm displacement sized 6.7 ha was recorded by a continuous GPS site, TENC, in 2016 after a heavy rainfall occurred on June 2. The correlation in the temporal variation of continuous GPS displacement time series and rainfall suggests that the movement is possibly related to gravitational load overlying water-saturated sediments. In addition, the average annual displacement rate of this downslope movement was measured at 20-40 mm/yr using the recently developed temporarily coherence points InSAR (TCPInSAR) technique based on ALOS/PALSAR imagery collected between 2007 and 2011. Apart therefrom, the high-angle thrust with highly fractured metamorphosed sandstone on the hanging wall; and the river incision and lateral river bank erosion are considered as the triggering factor of this catastrophic landslide. Similar triggering factors are responsible for Yakou landslide, where the 2018 landslide event exposed an outstanding cross section of the predisposing geological setting characterized by a tightly folded sequence of metamorphosed sandstone and slates. Spectacular gravitational deformation structures (i.e. kink folds and shear zones) are also found along this slope testifying a long-term displacement history and shedding light on possible kinematic mechanisms controlling its evolution. Through field data, remote sensing techniques and optical methods (i.e. digital image correlation, 3D LiDAR point cloud comparison), we compared the two landslide sites unravelling different deformation styles and identifying nested sectors possibly evolving to collapse. Our primary results demonstrate that valley erosion and deep-seated gravitational creep are significant to the deformation of slate, indicating a block movement with shear concentration at the basal sliding surface with a mainly rotational-translational movement in Tienchih and a translational failure mechanism in Yakou.

Le grandi frane lente in roccia sono molto diffuse negli ambienti alpini. Esse evolvono lentamente per lunghi periodi, ma in determinate condizioni possono evolvere fino a collasso catastrofico. Queste frane hanno quindi un ruolo importante nel modellamento del paesaggio alpino (Agliardi et al., 2013) e costituiscono importanti minacce per le infrastrutture e la sicurezza di intere comunità. Prevederne evoluzione ed effetti è difficile, a causa della varietà delle condizioni geologiche e morfo-climatiche in cui si sviluppano e dei meccanismi e stili di attività che le caratterizzano. Lo studio è stato quindi affrontato con un approccio multiscala. A scala di orogene, l’analisi statistica di un inventario originale (Crosta et al., 2013) permette di esplorare le condizioni favorevoli allo sviluppo di grandi frane e i loro impatti sul territorio. A scala regionale, una mappatura geomorfologica a scala di semi-dettaglio fornisce indicazioni distribuite su meccanismi ed attività dei fenomeni (Frattini et al., 2018). A scala locale, studi di dettaglio, monitoraggio e modellazione numerica consentono di quantificare gli aspetti evolutivi (Agliardi et al., 2018; Riva et al., 2018). I risultati forniscono utili indicazioni per una più ampia comprensione dei fenomeni, ma anche per stimolare la consapevolezza del pubblico per una più efficace riduzione dei rischi e una fruizione consapevole del territorio alpino.

Giant rock slope deformations in alpine environments creep slowly for long periods and may eventually evolve into catastrophic rockslides. Although structural controls on large slope instabilities are known, the influence of non-persistent interacting master fractures on their mechanisms and evolution were not been investigated. In this perspective, we studied the Corna Rossa Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation, DSGSD (Central Alps) by integrating structural analysis, space borne radar interferometry, Cosmic Ray Exposure dating (CRE) and numerical modelling. This 10 km2 DSGSD affects a 1500 m formerly glaciated slope and is the faster DSGSD in Lombardia according to available PS/SqueeSARTM data. Here WNW-ESE trending dextral en echelon master fractures terminate and partially overlap at the Corna Rossa ridge (3000 m asl). Morpho-structural analysis and 3D geomodelling of field data show that the master fractures were re-activated by gravitational deformations with sharply different styles in: 1) a NW “sliding” sector, testified by scarps and nested rockslides; 2) a SE “spreading” sector, characterized by dominant extension accommodated by symmetric and asymmetric graben systems. We constrained the long-term evolution of different slope sectors by CRE dating (10Be and 26Al) and Schmidt-Hammer exposure dating of key morpho-structures. To capture the mechanisms and activity of the DSGSD we performed SAR Differential Interferometric (D-InSAR) processing of over 100 radar images provided by the ESA Sentinel constellation. Multiple differential interferograms were computed considering long temporal baselines (> 1 year) to increase the D-InSAR detection potential in the slowest sectors, as well as to mitigate the effects of snow cover in winter periods and of atmospheric artefacts. Using an original stacking procedure, surface velocity and phase gradient maps were analyzed to identify different slope sectors, their activity styles, and abrupt changes on deformation rates. Finally, to provide a mechanical explanation of field and D-InSAR data, we set up a 3D FEM elasto-plastic model of multi-stage deglaciation, including inherited master fractures as thin layers of pre-damaged rock. Our results highlight the key role of non-persistent fractures in the evolution of the DSGSD. Their gravitational reactivation originated a “transfer zone” with strain partitioning between dominant sliding (gravitational “faults”) and dominant extension (fracture overlap sector). CRE and D-InSAR data suggest that DSGSD initiated in the Lateglacial and developed graben and half-graben systems in the spreading sector. Activity along these structures ceased in Early Holocene, while the sliding sector is still undergoing progressive evolution. Our approach, integrating structural analysis and D-InSAR, allows effectively unravelling the complexity of heterogeneous deep-seated landslides and identifying key sectors in a geohazard perspective.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes extraintestinal diseases in broilers and share common virulence factors with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolated in humans suggesting the zoonotic potential of APEC [1]. APEC are characterised by a high intra-population diversity in terms of serogroup, MLST and virulence genes [2]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from lung, spleen, pericardium and brain of broilers affected by colisepticemia and treated with enrofloxacin. In three different farms with ongoing infections, at day 0 (before starting the treatment), day 5 (last day of treatment), day 10 and day 20 (after treatment), 10 birds were humanly euthanized and their organs investigated for E. coli isolation by standard microbiological procedures. A total of 179 E. coli were isolated and submitted to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to gain insights on their genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility. Based on metadata as well as MIC and PFGE data, 31 isolates were whole genome sequenced on MiSeq platform (Illumina, 250 bp reads, paired ends). Genomic diversity by SNP calling and in silico MLST as well as antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes were analysed with publicly available bioinformatics pipelines. According to PFGE results, in all three farms the genetic diversity was overall low before the treatment and increases along and after. At day 0, E. coli isolates can be gathered in 3 - 6 clusters at 95% similarity. Whereas at day 5, 10 and 20 the number of clusters rises up to 10-16 with the majority of single-isolate clusters. Similar results were confirmed by MLST and SNP calling analyses on the sequenced genomes. MIC data showed a significant increase of resistance to enrofloxacin and flumequine in E. coli isolates collected at day 5, 10 and 20 in comparison to day 0. Along with this drug, a significant increase of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (SXT) was observed in one of the three farms. These results suggest that the antibiotic was effective in eradicating the initial pathogen strains responsible for the colibacillosis infections. In all farms, fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli were collected after enrofloxacin treatment. In one farm, a high number of SXT resistant strains arose, although their SXT resistance genes were genetically unrelated to enrofloxacin resistance genes/mutations. Finally, the gross pathological lesions encountered before the treatment on diseased birds disappeared after the treatment in all organs except for lungs, suggesting the lower virulence of E. coli isolates collected after the treatment from spleen, pericardium and brain.

Large slow-moving landslides (Deep-Seated Slope Deformations, DSGSD, and large rockslides) are widespread in mountain ranges worldwide and pose significant risks related to their involved volumes (up to billions of cubic meters), interaction with man-made infrastructures, and complex creep behaviour. These phenomena evolve over the long term by progressive failure processes resulting in slow creep, possibly accelerating until catastrophic collapse. Moreover, they are characterized by sectors with different activity, kinematics and heterogeneous strain fields, resulting from complex failure mechanisms and structural controls. In Lombardia (Italian Central Alps), 205 slow rock slope deformations (133 DSGSD (Crosta et al., 2013) and 72 large landslides covering an area exceeding 580 km2 and affecting sensible infrastructures have been considered till now according to specific criteria (interaction with elements at risk, presence of monitoring, area > 1.5 km2). A reliable and cost-effective characterization of their activity and kinematics is then key to perform regional scale susceptibility mapping for landplanning and to identify sites candidate to catastrophic evolution. In this work, we use PS-InSAR data to perform a semi-automated classification of DSGSD and large landslides according to their activity and kinematics, supported by an original geomorphological and morpho-structural mapping performed by means of aerial imagery on regional scale, yet including local-scale information (e.g. tectonic lineaments, morpho-structural features, main landforms, secondary deep-seated landslides). For our analysis, we used PS-InSAR and SqueeSAR datasets derived from ERS-1, ERS-2, RADARSAT and Sentinel-1A images acquired between 1992 and 2017. For each landslide, we selected the reference dataset by optimizing the spatial density of persistent (PS) and distributed scatterers (DS) and the acquisition geometry. After removing PS/DS related to movement of slope shallow debris deposits, we modified the approach by Frattini et al (2017) to classify landslide activity based on the average LOS velocity and a hybrid density/clustering index. Then, we performed a fast, automated characterization of landslide kinematics by discretizing each area in square cells and combining PS of ascending and descending tracks to retrieve the vertical and horizontal displacement components and the 2D total displacement vector T in the E-W vertical plane (Eriksen et al. , 2017). Based on these components, we characterized the local kinematics (slip, translation, bulging) by comparing the dip of vector T to the slope dip in each square cell, and by using distribution statistics to define a new index correlated to global landslide mechanisms. We calibrated our activity and kinematics classifications through mapped morpho-structural features, InSAR velocity profiles at local scale and simplified 2DFEM models, and we used another subset for validation. All these steps are run sequentially in a workflow implemented in Matlab and GIS environments, and provide regional scale maps of landslide activity and kinematics. Our procedure can be applied upon site-specific calibration in different geological, morpho-climatic and landslide settings worldwide, to provide a fast and cost-effective support to landplaning, risk analyses and prioritization of local-scale studies aimed at granting safety and infrastructure integrity.

36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2025-2029, SocialRES aims to devise effective ways of increasing social innovation leading to greater social acceptability of renewable energy systems. This is done by a better understanding of support structures for successful social innovations in the renewable energy sector such as Renewable Energy Cooperatives, Aggregators and Crowdfunding Platforms. These businesses facilitate consumers to take an active role in the electricity system. Through research excellence and co-creation of knowledge, SocialRES will develop socially innovative and inclusive strategies for the energy system of the future. SocialRES will supplement the existing fragmented data on social innovations with new understandings from businesses, end-users and stakeholders to provide a comprehensive evidence base for policy design. Innovative techniques will be employed such as a Peer to Peer (P2P) crowd-investing for renewable energy sources projects, P2P lending and P2P virtual photovoltaic electricity platform for aggregators. The innovative P2P photovoltaic virtual platform will be developed as a pilot software application in off-line mode and will facilitate the understanding about existing barriers within current electricity markets and policies. Experience will therefore be accumulated related to the main issues with the common access for energy trades between different actors on the market: prosumers, consumers, balancing responsible party and distributed photovoltaic generators.

Thalidomide plus dexamethasone (TD) is a standard induction therapy for myeloma. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of addition of bortezomib to TD (VTD) versus TD alone as induction therapy before, and consolidation therapy after, double autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Patients (aged 18-65 years) with previously untreated symptomatic myeloma were enrolled from 73 sites in Italy between May, 2006, and April, 2008, and data collection continued until June 30, 2010. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) by a web-based system to receive three 21-day cycles of thalidomide (100 mg daily for the first 14 days and 200 mg daily thereafter) plus dexamethasone (40 mg daily on 8 of the first 12 days, but not consecutively; total of 320 mg per cycle), either alone or with bortezomib (1·3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11). The randomisation sequence was computer generated by the study coordinating team and was stratified by disease stage. After double autologous stem-cell transplantation, patients received two 35-day cycles of their assigned drug regimen, VTD or TD, as consolidation therapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete or near complete response to induction therapy. Analysis was by intention to treat. Patients and treating physicians were not masked to treatment allocation. This study is still underway but is not recruiting participants, and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01134484, and with EudraCT, number 2005-003723-39.480 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive VTD (n=241 patients) or TD (n=239). Six patients withdrew consent before start of treatment, and 236 on VTD and 238 on TD were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. After induction therapy, complete or near complete response was achieved in 73 patients (31%, 95% CI 25·0-36·8) receiving VTD, and 27 (11%, 7·3-15·4) on TD (p0·0001). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were recorded in a significantly higher number of patients on VTD (n=132, 56%) than in those on TD (n=79, 33%; p0·0001), with a higher occurrence of peripheral neuropathy in patients on VTD (n=23, 10%) than in those on TD (n=5, 2%; p=0·0004). Resolution or improvement of severe peripheral neuropathy was recorded in 18 of 23 patients on VTD, and in three of five patients on TD.VTD induction therapy before double autologous stem-cell transplantation significantly improves rate of complete or near complete response, and represents a new standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma who are eligible for transplant.Seràgnoli Institute of Haematology at the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Introduction: The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective from World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), features general and special recommendations for cancer prevention. Objective: To evaluate nutritional and lifestyle characteristics of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer according to WCRF/AICR Second Report recommendations. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 133 women. Diet data were obtained from a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data by standard procedures. The characteristics of study population were evaluated in comparison with the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR Second Report. Results: Mean age of participants was 51.6 ± 10.98 (range 28-78) years; 35% was obese and 51% had waist circumference higher than the maximum cut-off value. Regarding life style, 80% of participants were sedentary, 89% reported diet presenting energy density higher than 125 kcal/100 g, 51% reported consumption of fruits and vegetables lower than 400 g/day, and 47% reported high consumption of red or processed meat (≥ 500 g per week). Just 3% related consumption of alcoholic beverages above the recommendation (15 g/day), 82% presented the intake of sodium lower than the limit recommended (2.4 g/day), and the use of dietary supplements was reported by 11% of the subjects. Finally 51% of women reported breast feeding for less than 6 months. Conclusion: Inadequacies were observed related to behavior factors that can result in weight gain, such as inadequate physical activity and high energy density diet. Introducción: El Segundo Informe Pericial, Alimentación, Nutrición, Actividad Física y la prevención del cáncer: una perspectiva global de la Fundación Mundial para la Investigación del Cáncer del Instituto Americano para la Investigación del Cáncer (WCRF / AICR), incluye recomendaciones generales y especiales para la prevención del cáncer. Objetivo: Evaluar las características nutricionales y del estilo de vida de las mujeres con diagnóstico reciente de cáncer de mama según el recomendaciones del Segundo Informe de la WCRF/AICR. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se realizó en una muestra de 133 mujeres. Los datos de la dieta se obtuvieron mediante cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y los datos antropométricos mediante procedimientos estándar. Las características de la población de estudio fueron evaluados en comparación con las recomendaciones del Segundo Informe de la WCRF/AICR. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 51,6 ± 10,98 (rango 28-78) año; 35% era obeso y 51% tenía la circunferencia de cintura mayor que el máximo valor recomendado. En cuanto a estilo de vida, 80% de los participantes eran sedentarios, 89% tenía una dieta con densidad de energía mayor que 125 kcal/100 g, 51% informó el consumo de frutas y verduras más bajo que 400 g/día, y 47% informó de un consumo elevado de carne roja o procesada (≥ 500 g por semana). Sólo 3% tenía del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas encima del recomendado (15 g/día), 82% presentó la ingesta de sodio por debajo del límite recomendado (2,4 g/día), y el uso de suplementos dietéticos que fue reportado por 11% de los sujetos. Por último 51% de las mujeres reportaron la lactancia materna por menos de 6 meses. Conclusión: Se observaron deficiencias relacionadas con factores de comportamiento que pueden resultar en el aumento de peso, tales como la inactividad física y la dieta de alta densidad de energía.

Introduction: The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective from World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), features general and special recommendations for cancer prevention. Objective: To evaluate nutritional and lifestyle characteristics of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer according to WCRF/AICR Second Report recommendations. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 133 women. Diet data were obtained from a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data by standard procedures. The characteristics of study population were evaluated in comparison with the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR Second Report. Results: Mean age of participants was 51.6 ± 10.98 (range 28-78) years; 35% was obese and 51% had waist circumference higher than the maximum cut-off value. Regarding life style, 80% of participants were sedentary, 89% reported diet presenting energy density higher than 125 kcal/100 g, 51% reported consumption of fruits and vegetables lower than 400 g/day, and 47% reported high consumption of red or processed meat (≥ 500 g per week). Just 3% related consumption of alcoholic beverages above the recommendation (15 g/day), 82% presented the intake of sodium lower than the limit recommended (2.4 g/day), and the use of dietary supplements was reported by 11% of the subjects. Finally 51% of women reported breast feeding for less than 6 months. Conclusion: Inadequacies were observed related to behavior factors that can result in weight gain, such as inadequate physical activity and high energy density diet.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in dietary intake, anthropometric parameters and markers of oxidative stress in 40 women who underwent surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy for breast cancer. Methods: Pretreatment and post-treatment measurements included data collected through a food frequency questionnaire, weight and height to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and oxidative stress markers assessed from blood reduced glutathione (GSH), serum antioxidant capacity (AC), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum lipid hydroperoxides (LH) and plasma carbonyls. Differences were compared using paired Student's t-test or paired Wilcoxon's test. Results: A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the intake of the food groups: meat and eggs, dairy products, beans, oils and fats, as well as food from the subgroups: red meat, milk and other dairy products rich in fat, fruit rich in vitamin C and vegetable fats was found after treatments. There was a significant increase in body weight (P < 0.05), BMI (P < 0.05), levels of TBARS (P < 0.0001), LH (P < 0.005) and carbonyls (P < 0.0001) and a significant decrease of levels of AC (P < 0.005) and GSH (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Breast cancer diagnosis and treatments were associated with dietary intake changes and increased body weight, BMI and oxidative stress. These potential changes have important implications for preventive nutrition counseling. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los cambios en la ingesta dietética, los parámetros antropométricos y los marcadores del estrés oxidativo en 40 mujeres sometidas a cirugía, quimioterapia o radioterapia por cáncer de mama. Métodos: Los datos recogidos antes y después del tratamiento fueron un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, el peso y la talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y los marcadores de estrés oxidativo evaluados mediante el glutatión reducido (GSH) en sangre, la capacidad antioxidante sérica (CA), las sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico en el plasma (SRAT), los hidroperóxidos lipídicos (HPL) séricos y los carbonilos plasmáticos. Se compararon las diferencias usando la prueba t de Student o la prueba pareada de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Después de los tratamientos se halló un aumento significativo (P < 0,05) en el consumo de los grupos de alimentos: carne y huevos, lácteos, legumbres, aceites y grasas, así como de los subgrupos: carnes rojas, leche y otros lácteos ricos en grasas, fruta rica en vitamina C y grasas vegetales. Hubo un aumento significativo en el peso corporal (P < 0,05), el IMC (P < 0,05), las concentraciones de SRAT (P < 0,0001), HPL (P < 0,005) y carbonilos (P < 0,0001) y un descenso significativo de la CA (P < 0,005) y de GSH (P < 0,0001). Conclusión: El diagnóstico de cáncer de mama y sus tratamientos se asociaron con cambios en la ingesta dietética y un aumento del peso corporal, el IMC y el estrés oxidativo. Estos cambios potenciales tienen implicaciones importantes para el consejo sobre nutrición preventiva.

Objective: To assess the association between physiological, physical, lifestyle and nutritional variables and oxidative stress biomarkers in women with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The extent of oxidative stress was analyzed by the measurement of plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum antioxidant capacity (AC). Diet data were obtained from food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression was used to determine the association between the variables studied and oxidative stress biomarkers. The protein carbonyl data was not included in the linear regression analyses since the data did not show a normal distribution, even after logarithmic and other transformations. Results: After adjusting for energy intake, the intake of chicken and high-fat dairy products was associated with increased levels of LH, while vitamin E intake was associated with decreased LH levels (R² = 23.8%). Intake of oils was associated with increased levels of TBARS (R² = 6.82%). Positive axillary lymph node status was associated with decreased levels of GSH (R² = 9.31%). Increasing age was directly associated with levels of AC, while animal fat, dairy product, and sweet food intakes were associated with low levels of AC (R² = 41.42%). Conclusion: Intake of chicken, vitamin E, dairy products (particularly high-fat dairy products), oils, animal fat, and sweet foods, along with axillary lymph node status and age, may be important determinants of oxidative stress in women with breast cancer. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las variables fisiológicas, físicas, de estilo de vida y nutricionales y de los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se realizó en 55 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama. Se analizó el grado de estrés oxidativo midiendo los hidroperóxidos lipídicos (HL), las sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), las proteínas carbonilo, el glutatión reducido (GSH) de sangre completa y la capacidad antioxidante sérica (CA). Los datos de la dieta se obtuvieron mediante cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos. Se usó la regresión linear para determinar la asociación entre las variables estudiadas y los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo. Los datos de las proteínas carbonilo no se incluyeron en los análisis de regresión linear puesto que no mostraron una distribución normal, incluso después de la transformación logarítmica y de otro tipo. Resultados: Después de ajustar para el aporte de energía, el consumo de pollo y de productos lácteos con alto contenido en grasas se asoció con un aumento en los niveles de HL, mientras que el consumo de vitamina E se asoció con una disminución de los niveles de HL (R² = 23,8%). El consumo de aceite se asoció con un aumento de los niveles de TBARS (R² = 6,82%). El estado de los ganglios linfáticos axilares se asoció con un descenso de los niveles de GSH (R² = 9,31%). La mayor edad se asoció directamente con los niveles de CA, mientras que la grasa de origen animal y el consumo de dulces se asoció con niveles bajos de CA (R² = 41,42%). Conclusión: El consumo de pollo, vitamina E, lácteos (especialmente de aquellos con alto contenido en grasa), aceites y grasas de origen animal, así como dulces, junto con el estado de los ganglios axilares y la edad podrían ser determinantes importantes en el estrés oxidativo de mujeres con cáncer de mama.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in dietary intake, anthropometric parameters and markers of oxidative stress in 40 women who underwent surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy for breast cancer. Methods: Pretreatment and post-treatment measurements included data collected through a food frequency questionnaire, weight and height to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and oxidative stress markers assessed from blood reduced glutathione (GSH), serum antioxidant capacity (AC), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum lipid hydroperoxides (LH) and plasma carbonyls. Differences were compared using paired Student's t-test or paired Wilcoxon's test. Results: A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the intake of the food groups: meat and eggs, dairy products, beans, oils and fats, as well as food from the subgroups: red meat, milk and other dairy products rich in fat, fruit rich in vitamin C and vegetable fats was found after treatments. There was a significant increase in body weight (P < 0.05), BMI (P < 0.05), levels of TBARS (P < 0.0001), LH (P < 0.005) and carbonyls (P < 0.0001) and a significant decrease of levels of AC (P < 0.005) and GSH (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Breast cancer diagnosis and treatments were associated with dietary intake changes and increased body weight, BMI and oxidative stress. These potential changes have important implications for preventive nutrition counseling.