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We describe the design and synthesis of the first organic dyes enabling spontaneous formation of stable J-aggregates in common organic solvents without additives. The new dyes are O-BODIPYs with a B-spiranic 4,4-diacyloxyl substitution pattern. Key to the effectiveness of the J-aggregation process is the high conformational rigidity of the Bspiranic molecular design as well as the orthogonal disposition of the B-diacyloxyl substituent and the meso-aryl group with respect to the mean plane of the borodiazaindacene. Atomistic simulations, both in vacuum and in a solvent cage, support the dynamics of the J-aggregation process as well as its dependence on the alkylation pattern of the BODIPY chromophore. A detailed analysis of the photophysical and laser properties of the new dyes provides convincing evidence for the unambiguous assignment of these J-aggregates and their dependence on the environmental conditions.

The production of efficient, tunable, and switchable circularly polarized laser emission would have far reaching implications in optical communications or biophotonics. In this work, it is demonstrated the direct generation of circularly polarized (CP) laser emission in achiral and isotropic dye laser systems without the use of extracavity polarizing elements, and without resorting to chiral dyes, chiral liquid crystal matrices, or interferometric methods. The origin of this ellipticity arises from the dynamic birefringence induced by the strong and polarized laser pumping and the subsequent orientation anisotropy of the excited molecular dipoles. A complete polarimetric characterization of the polarization state of conventional dye laser oscillators as a function of different experimental parameters is performed and it is shown that the generated light always possesses a certain level of circularity that changes in a distinctive way with pump energy and polarization. These results demonstrate that it is possible to generate and modulate CP laser light from efficient and photostable conventional laser dyes.

©2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. A straightforward synthetic protocol to directly incorporate stabilized 1,3-dicarbonyl C nucleophiles to the meso position of BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene) is reported. Soft nucleophiles generated by deprotonation of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives smoothly displace the 8-methylthio group from 8-(methylthio)BODIPY analogues in the presence of CuI thiophenecarboxylate in stoichiometric amounts at room temperature. Seven highly fluorescent new derivatives are prepared with varying yields (20-92%) in short reaction times (5-30 min). The excellent photophysical properties of the new dyes allow focusing on applications never analyzed before for BODIPYs substituted with stabilized C nucleophiles such as pH sensors and lasers in liquid and solid state, highlighting the relevance of the synthetic protocol described in the present work. The attainment of these dyes, with strong UV absorption and highly efficient and stable laser emission in the green spectral region, concerns to one of the greatest challenges in the ongoing development of advanced photonic materials with relevant applications. In fact, organic dyes with emission in the green are the only ones that allow, by frequency-doubling processes, the generation of tunable ultraviolet (250-350 nm) radiation, with ultra-short pulses.

©2015 Optical Society of America. Herein, we report a straight forward stress probing method based on mechanically tunable organic VCSELs via dual detecting-modes. By designing the active layer thickness, uploaded stress was measured simultaneously by the laser wavelength and mode separations, facilitating highly sensitive stress detection in broad ranges. Single-mode laser emission with low threshold and narrow line-width was characterized, which could be tuned continuously within 8 nm. The probing sensitivity and resolution were estimated to be 60 Pa and 5.6 nm/KPa respectively, which were ∼ 160-folds higher than previous results.

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015. Cationic nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrate advantages over similar anionic systems in relevant applications such as nanocarriers and biomarkers. To harness their unique properties and full potential in bioimaging, a clear understanding of the factors controlling the emission performance of dye-doped cationic NPs, especially under drastic pumping conditions such as those involved in high-resolution microscopy, is required. Herein, we present, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the photophysical and laser properties of Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) doped cationic NPs in colloidal suspensions and self-assembled monoliths. Composition and morphological parameters such as dye content, weigh proportion of NPs in the solution, NPs size, dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, monomeric composition, and surfactant structure, have been mapped. The fluorescence capacity of Rh6G is mainly ruled by the size of the NP, as well as by its monomer and surfactant composition. The laser properties are more sensitive to compositional changes, since laser efficiencies ranging from 50% to 0% (no lasing) are measured. Hence, a most careful selection of monomers and surfactants must be carried out in order to boost their emission and photonic properties.

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Emission from electronically excited species forms the basis for an important class of light sources-lasers. So far, commercially available solution-processed blue-emitting laser materials are based on organic compounds or semiconductor nanocrystals that have significant limitations: either low solubility, low chemical-and/or photo-stability and/or uncompetitive prices. Here we report a novel and competitive alternative to these existing laser materials that is based on boron hydrides, inorganic cluster compounds with a rich and diverse chemistry. We demonstrate that solutions of the borane anti-B 18 H 22 show, under pulsed excitation, blue laser emission at 406 nm with an efficiency (ratio of output/input energies) of 9.5%, and a photostability superior to many of the commercially available state-of-the-art blue laser dyes. This demonstration opens the doors for the development of a whole new class of laser materials based on a previously untapped resource for laser technology-the boranes.

La presente invención se refiere a unos nuevos colorantes con estructura de BODIPY caracterizados porque se han remplazado los átomos de flúor presentes en los BODIPYs convencionales por grupos acetoxi, trifluoroacetoxi o ariloxi, a su uso como colorantes láser y como marcadores fluorescentes y a un procedimiento de obtención de algunos de estos compuestos

Two complementary one-pot, three component synthetic strategies based on copper(I)-catalyzed azide - alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) have been developed, which allow the efficient assembly of glycosyl-derived alkynes or azides with highly fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) cores containing azido or alkyne moieties, respectively. The resulting carbohydrate - BODIPY derivatives display excellent photophysical and laser properties that relate to the spacer (amino group or aromatic ring) employed in each of the synthetic protocols.

The donor and acceptor concentration effects on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and laser properties of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) highly doped with two dyes are comprehensively analyzed. Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G, donor) and Nile Blue (NB, acceptor) are incorporated into anionic methacrylic NPs ∼40 nm in size, in concentrations [Rh6G] = 1-9 mM and [NB] = 0.5-11 mM. The FRET efficiency is mostly influenced by the acceptor concentration due to the presence of more available energy traps and a reduction in the average donor/acceptor distances. We show that the presence of homo-FRET among donors may give rise to an enhancement on the net hetero-FRET efficiency mainly when the concentration of donors exceeds that of the acceptors. When the concentration of both dyes is raised beyond a given value, the FRET efficiency is reduced due to the influence of competing quenching processes. Carefully selected mixtures of Rh6G/NB allow achieving FRET efficiencies as high as 88% and efficient laser emission in which the excitation/pumping light has been fully transferred from Rh6G (∼575 nm) to NB (∼700 nm). Finally, it is shown that, although a higher FRET efficiency does not guarantee higher acceptor laser efficiencies, both are mostly affected by the acceptor concentration and the total amount of dye molecules inside the NPs. This study acquires special relevance since the use of NPs not only allows achieving FRET efficiencies much higher than those attainable in liquid solution (88% vs 57%) but also opens the door to the study of FRET dynamics at concentrations beyond the solubility limit in liquid solutions and without the undesirable effects of reabsorption/re- emission processes (at least for the Rh6G/NB pair). © 2014 American Chemical Society.

The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) for which only a single property is modified in a controlled manner is a challenge due to the fact that several physicochemical parameters are entangled. This letter assesses, from both experimental and theoretical points of view, the critical dependence on the charged-surface interfacial effect of the laser behavior in photonic nanomaterials based on dye-doped latexes without interference from other physicochemical parameters. When the dye and the NPs have similar charge nature, strong electrostatic repulsion prevents the dye molecules from being directly adsorbed in the surface and maintains the dye homogeneously distributed inside the NP, thus reducing deleterious interfacial effects. The highly homogeneous inner morphology leads to at least two-fold laser behavior enhancement of Rh6G in cationic NPs as compared with their anionic counterparts, and at least three-fold enhancement over Rh6G behavior in water solution. © 2014 Astro Ltd.

A new library of E- and C-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivatives has been synthesized through a straightforward protocol from commercially available BODIPY complexes, and a systematic study of the photophysical properties and laser behavior related to the electronic properties of the B-substituent group (alkynyl, cyano, vinyl, aryl, and alkyl) has been carried out. The replacement of fluorine atoms by electron-withdrawing groups enhances the fluorescence response of the dye, whereas electron-donor groups diminish the fluorescence efficiency. As a consequence, these compounds exhibit enhanced laser action with respect to their parent dyes, both in liquid solution and in the solid phase, with lasing efficiencies under transversal pumping up to 73 % in liquid solution and 53 % in a solid matrix. The new dyes also showed enhanced photostability. In a solid matrix, the derivative of commercial dye PM597 that incorporated cyano groups at the boron center exhibited a very high lasing stability, with the laser emission remaining at the initial level after 100 000 pump pulses in the same position of the sample at a 10a Hz repetition rate. Distributed feedback laser emission was demonstrated with organic films that incorporated parent dye PM597 and its cyano derivative. The films were deposited onto quartz substrates engraved with appropriate periodical structures. The C derivative exhibited a laser threshold lower than that of the parent dye as well as lasing intensities up to three orders of magnitude higher. Laser vision: The replacement of fluorine atoms at the boron center of commercial 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) by electron-acceptor moieties (i.e., cyano) is a facile and straightforward route to synthesize highly efficient and photostable laser dyes, which significantly improves the optical performance (see figure). Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

In this paper we show that dye distributions within polymer core/shell nanoparticles (NPs), grown in multiple steps, are controlled not only by the synthesis route, but are also governed by dye diffusion between core and shell, resulting in dye distributions completely different from the targeted ones. We show that Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) dynamics can be used as a spectroscopic measure to determine the particular dye profiles along the NPs and thus to uncover the presence of dye diffusion. Finally, to confirm the previous results and with the aim to have a clearer understanding of the diffusion processes within core/shell NPs (equilibrium and transient dye distributions, time scales, etcetera), we analyze the behaviour predicted by existing diffusion models and infer that the dye diffusion is already finished at the end of the shell growth. This journal is © the Partner Organisations 2014.

Nuevos derivados clorados de BODIPY. La presente invención se refiere a unos nuevos colorantes con estructura de BODIPY caracterizados porque contienen al menos un átomo de cloro unido a los carbonos del sistema boradiazaindaceno, a su uso como colorantes láser y como marcadores fluorescentes y a un procedimiento de obtención de algunos de estos compuestos.

[EN] The invention relates to the use of novel dyes with a BODIPY structure, characterised in that they contain at least one chlorine atom bound to the carbons of the boradiazaindacene system, to the use thereof as laser dyes and fluorescent markers, and to a method for obtaining some of these compounds., [ES] La presente invención se refiere a unos nuevos colorantes con estructura de BODIPY caracterizado porque contienen al menos un átomo de cloro unido a los carbonos del sistema boradiazaindeceno, a su uso como colorantes láser y como marcadores fluorescentes y a un procedimiento de obtención de algunos de estos compuestos.

The present work deals with the synthesis and photophysical, quantum mechanical, and lasing characterization of novel BODIPYs bearing amino and nitro groups at different positions in the core. The results emphasize the relevant role on the photophysical and lasing properties, not only of the attached functionality but also of the position in which is grafted, as well as the molecular structure of the indacene core. A wide part of the visible spectrum can be covered by the insertion of an amino group at position 3 (red shift) or 8 (blue shift). Furthermore, the electron withdrawing character of the nitro substituent induces intramolecular charge transfer processes, the efficiency of which depends on the position of the nitro group on the BODIPY core. All these experimental findings can be rationalized with the help of quantum mechanical calculations.

A new and facile strategy for the development of photonic materials is presented that fufills the conditions of being efficient, stable, and tunable laser emitters over the visible region of spectrum, with the possibility of being easily processable and cost-effective. This approach uses poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a host for new dyes with improved efficiency and photostability synthesized. Using a simple protocol, fluorine atoms in the commercial (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) (F-BODIPY) by carboxylate groups. The new O-BODIPYs exhibit enhanced optical properties and laser behavior both in the liquid and solid phases compared to their commercial analogues. Lasing efficiencies up to 2.6 times higher than those recorded for the commercial dyes are registered with high photostabilities since the laser output remain at 80% of the initial value after 100 000 pump pulses in the same position of the sample at a repetition rate of 30 Hz; the corresponding commercial dye entirely loses its laser action after only 12 000 pump pulses. Distributed feedback laser emission is demonstrated with organic films incorporating new O-BODIPYs deposited onto quartz substrates engraved with appropriated periodical structures. These dyes exhibit laser thresholds up to two times lower than those of the corresponding parent dyes with lasing intensities up to one order of magnitude higher. The development of new O-BODIPYs, synthesized via the replacement of fluorine atoms by carboxylate groups in commercial (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) (F-BODIPYs), is a successful strategy to obtain optimized laser dyes. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped with these new derivatives leads to laser materials that are economically affordable and have optimized emission properties in the visible spectral region. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A series of meso-substituted boron-bipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are synthesized and their laser and photophysical properties systematically studied. Laser emission covering a wide visible spectral region (from blue to orange) is obtained by just changing the electron donor character of the heteroatom at position 8. The additional presence of methyl groups at positions 3 and 5 results in dyes with a photostability similar to that of the unsubstituted dye but with much improved efficiency. Correlation of the lasing properties of the different dyes to their photophysical properties provides inklings to define synthetic strategies of new BODIPY dyes with enhanced efficiency and modulated wavelength emission over the visible spectral region. Brighter blue-green dyes: The attachment of heteroatoms at the meso position of boron-bipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes modulates the emission region from orange to blue. Further methylation at positions 3 and 5 improves the laser efficiency, thereby maintaining a high photostability. The combination of both effects leads to BODIPYs with improved laser and fluorescence performance in the blue part of the spectrum. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

In this paper we identify the origin of a novel and singular laser behavior of the hemicyanine dye LDS 722 transversally pumped at 532 nm. With lasing efficiencies as high as 43%, in spite of the fluorescence quantum yields being as low as 0.075, the laser spectra exhibit a finely structured spectral profile, with a periodic modulation with peak separation 0.4 nm, not related to mode selection due to spatial or spectral hole burning. The correlation of the LDS 722 lasing behavior as a function of both environmental properties (polarity, viscosity, protic character of the solvent) and pumping conditions (cavity configuration, pump geometry and energy) with its photophysical properties provides inklings to understand the physics responsible for the peculiar laser behavior in these rather complex dyes.

Highly efficient and stable laser emission is demonstrated under drastic UV pumping conditions from recently synthesized BODIPY dye incorporated into polymer host. Under transversal pumping at 355 nm, lasing efficiencies of up to 29%, similar to those obtained in liquid phase, were obtained, with useful lifetimes (drop of the emission by 50%) of 70,000 pulses at 5 Hz repetition rate. The obtained efficiency and photostability are much higher than those obtained with usual commercial dyes emitting in the same spectral region, such as Coumarin 540A, under the same experimental conditions. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

Long-wavelength (660-740 nm) coherent random lasing (RL) in slab waveguides consisting of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) incorporating silsesquioxane nanoparticles (POSS) doped with the red-emitting dyes LDS722 and LDS730 is presented. Energy transfer from a donor dye is used to overcome the inherent low pump (532 nm) absorption of these dyes and to enhance the lasing efficiency of the samples. Rhodamine 6G is used as donor for LDS722 and Sulforhodamine B as donor for LDS730, in donor/acceptor molar proportions 3.3/6.6 and 1/9, respectively. RL emission spectral fingerprints and thresholds are studied in depth and insights into the RL characteristics are obtained from the Power Fourier Transforms of the emission spectra. Finally, photostabilities of LDS722 and, for the first time, of LDS730 doped into polymer slab waveguides are assessed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

La presente patente de invención describe un sistema basado en colorantes orgánicos incorporados en matriz sólida capaz de emitir radiación láser sintonizable de pequeña anchura de línea en la región verde-roja del espectro electromagnético, para aplicaciones optoelectrónicas y biofotónicas. El sistema comprende la cavidad láser, dispersiva o no dispersiva, y el medio activo utilizado para la generación y emisión de luz láser. El medio activo comprende al menos un colorante incluido en una matriz sólida de al menos un polímero. En cavidad no dispersiva cada colorante-matriz emite radiación de banda ancha a una longitud de onda central concreta. En cavidad dispersiva cada combinación colorante-matriz emite radiación de banda estrecha que se puede sintonizar sobre un intervalo de, al menos, 40 nm.

We establish an efficient strategy to optimize the performance of dye-doped host materials consisting of analyzing in a systematic way the dependence of their Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) efficiency and photostability on the composition and structure of the matrices, selected to specifically avoid the thermal and/or chemical (photooxidation) processes, main mechanisms of dye photodegradation. For this study, a number of experimental polyimides have been chosen as a host matrix and their behavior has been compared with that of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). We correlate the optical properties with the oxygen permeation and thermal properties of the different polymeric hosts doped with perylene dyes to deepen the understanding of the photodegradation mechanism predominant in these dyes and to minimize its influence. We demonstrate high efficiency and photostable ASE from waveguides based on polymeric materials doped with Perylene Orange (PO), Perylene Red (PR), and mixtures of both. This enhancement in the optical properties allows reaching high gain and long-lasting distributed feedback (DFB) laser emission based on PO doped polymer matrices, even when operating in an unoptimised resonator.

Active waveguides with high surface roughness due to phase separation in polymer blends can sustain wave-guided coherent random lasing, paving way to the development of integrated devices technologically and economically more favorable that the ones based on nanopatterning. In spite of the vast amount of work on organic thin film lasers carried out, the orange-red spectral region (600-700 nm) has not received much attention in this context, albeit it is of interest in biophotonic applications. In this paper, wave-guided coherent random lasing (RL) at 610 nm (Sulforhodamine B) and 630 nm (Sulforhodamine 640) is achieved by incorporating silsesquioxane nanoparticles into dye-doped polymer films. An AFM analysis concludes that the RL emission originates due to the scattering induced by the high surface roughness coming from the polymer/silsesquioxane phase separation. The reported results demonstrate that it is possible to get efficient and photostable laser emission from dye-doped thin films in the wavelength region over 600 nm by incorporating into the polymeric material appropriate nanoparticles which induce structural changes.

The use of commercial long-wavelength (>650 nm) laser dyes in many biophotonic applications has several important limitations, including low absorption at the standard pump wavelength (532 nm) and poor photostability. Here, we demonstrate that the use of Förster type (FRET) energy transfer can overcome these problems to enable efficient, stable near-infrared lasing in a colloidal suspension of latex nanoparticles containing a mixture of Rhodamine 6G and Nile Blue dyes. Experimental and theoretical analyses of the photophysics suggest that the dominant energy transfer mechanism is Förster type via dipole-dipole coupling, and also reveal an unexpected core/shell morphology in the dye-doped nanoparticles. FRET-assisted incoherent random lasing is also demonstrated in solid samples obtained by evaporation of colloidal suspensions.

A series of mono- to hexachlorinated BODIPY dyes have been prepared in good to excellent yields through the use of N-chlorosuccinimide as an inexpensive halogenating reagent. This library of chlorinated dyes allowed analysis in detail, from the experimental and theoretical points of view, of the dependency of the photophysical and optical properties of the dyes on the number and positions of the chlorine substituents on their BODIPY cores. Quantum mechanical calculations predict the regioselectivity of the halogenation reaction and explain why some positions are less prone to chlorination. The new chlorinated BODIPYs exhibit enhanced laser action with respect to their non-halogenated analogues, both in liquid solution and in the solid phase. In addition, chlorination is a facile and essentially costless protocol for overcoming important shortcomings exhibited by commercially available BODIPYs, which should favor their practical applications in optical and sensing fields. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A cassette molecule, featuring direct integration of two donor BODIPY units to one acceptor BODIPY unit, was conveniently developed as the first highly "through-bond energy transfer" (TBET) laser dye. This multicolor absorbing dye exhibited highly efficient and photostable laser action under drastic pumping conditions. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Highly efficient and photostable laser parameters were observed for the diiodinated BODYPY derivatives 1 – 3 both in liquid phase and incorporated into polymeric matrices. The laser samples were transversely pumped at wavelengths near their absorption maxima (515 and 532 nm) at 5 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz repetition rate; these are conditions that would induce photodegrdation of many laser-active fluors. Under these extreme conditions, the new dyes exhibit laser action from 530 nm to 625 nm with remarkable efficiencies, up to 55% in liquid solutions and 45% in poly(methylmethacrylate), and with high photostability since the laser output remains at the initial level, with no sign of degradation, after 100000 pump pulses in the same position of the sample. The efficiencies and photo stabilities of the new dyes outperform those of one presently commercialized and considered benchmarks over this spectral region (i.e. coumarines, xanthenes, perilendiimides). The enhanced optical properties recorded under drastic laser pumping conditions suggest that these new photonic systems could be outstanding in biophotonic applications like optical microscopy and nanoscopy, since they would allow very long observation times and improved spatial resolution

New hybrid organic–inorganic dyes based on an azide-functionalized cubic octasilsesquioxane (POSS) as the inorganic part and a 4,4-difluoro- 4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BDP) chromophore as the organic component have been synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides to alkynes. We have studied the effects of the linkage group of BDP to the POSS unit and the degree of functionalization of this inorganic core on the ensuing optical properties by comparison with model dyes. The high fluorescence of the BDP dye is preserved in spite of the linked chain at its meso position, even after attaching one BDP moiety to the POSS core. The laser action of the new dyes has been analyzed under transversal pumping at 532 nm in both the liquid phase and when incorporated into solid polymeric matrices. The monosubstituted new hybrid dye exhibits high lasing efficiency of up to 56% with high photostability, with its laser output remaining at the initial value after 4 105 pump pulses in the same position of the sample at a repetition rate of 30 Hz. However, functionalization of the POSS core with eight fluorophores leads to dye aggregation, as quantum mechanical simulation has revealed, worsening the optical properties and extinguishing the laser action. The new hybrid systems based on dye-linked POSS nanoparticles open up the possibility of using these new photonic materials as alternative sources for optoelectronic devices, competing with dendronized or grafted polymers

[ES] La presente patente de invención describe un sistema basado en colorantes orgánicos incorporados en matriz sólida capaz de emitir radiación láser sintonizable de pequeña anchura de línea en la región verde-roja del espectro electromagnético, para aplicaciones optoelectrónicas y biofotónicas. El sistema comprende la cavidad láser, dispersiva o no dispersiva, y el medio activo utilizado para la generación y emisión de luz láser. El medio activo comprende al menos un colorante incluido en una matriz sólida de al menos un polímero. En cavidad no dispersiva cada colorante-matriz emite radiación de banda ancha a una longitud de onda central concreta. En cavidad dispersiva cada combinación colorante-matriz emite radiación de banda estrecha que se puede sintonizar sobre un intervalo de, al menos, 40 nm., [EN] This invention patent describes a system based on organic dyes incorporated into a solid matrix able to emit narrow-linewidth tuneable laser radiation in the green-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum, for optoelectronic and biophotonic applications. The system comprises the dispersive or non-dispersive laser cavity, and the active means used to generate and emit laser light. The active means includes at least one dye included in a solid matrix of at least one polymer. In nondispersive cavity each dye-matrix emits wideband radiation at a specific central wavelength. In dispersive cavity each dye-matrix combination emits narrowband radiation that can be tuned over a range of at least 40 nm.

Procedimiento para eliminar manchas pigmentarias y tatuajes en la piel mediante un sistema láser de colorante en estado sólido. La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para eliminar manchas pigmentarias y tatuajes en la piel, caracterizado porque comprende al menos aplicar en la zona a tratar una luz láser emitida por un sistema láser de colorante en estado sólido, que sintoniza valores discretos de longitudes de onda comprendidos dentro del espectro visible. Constituye otro objeto de la presente invención el propio sistema de radiación láser de colorante en estado sólido para eliminar manchas pigmentarias y tatuajes en la piel según el procedimiento aquí descrito, así como el medio activo utilizado en dicho sistema para la generación y emisión de luz láser. Dicho medio activo se caracteriza porque comprende al menos un colorante incluido en una matriz sólida de al menos un polímero, emitiendo cada combinación colorante-matriz a una longitud de onda concreta.

Highly emitting 8-propargylaminoBODIPY (8-PAB) 2 was prepared in 94% yield. Unlike any other BODIPY structure hitherto described in the literature, 2 displays efficient emission in the blue region of the visible spectrum with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 0.94 and high laser efficiency (35%) at 483 nm.

To analyze the absorption of tattoo inks related to their in vivo and in vitro behavior under laser irradiation to improve laser-assisted tattoo removal.

Laser emission from leaky waveguides based in dye-doped organic gain media incorporating Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticles is reported. The samples consist of thin film gain media deposited onto glass substrate defining a planar asymmetric slab waveguide, which does not incorporate any resonant substructure. The presence of POSS results in additional amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectral narrowing, and conditions have been found for which directional multimode laser emission is achieved. The spectral narrowing is ascribed to the photon path enlargement caused by a non-resonant feedback mechanism provided by individual scatterers, which enhances incoherently the magnitude of the amplification process. On the contrary, the appearance of multimode lasing is attributed to coherent random lasing from a many scatterers collective effect.

The synthesis, structural characterization, and lasing properties of new dye-sensitized organic scattering gain medium based on Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) confined in polymeric nanoparticles are reported. We have demonstrated coherent laser action from amplifying random media using dye confined into polymeric nanoparticles as scattering centers and gain media. Lasing efficiency and photostability were significantly enhanced by nonresonant feedback of the emission by multiple scattering

Long-wavelength fluorescent dyes with improved efficiency and stability are required to realize new photoelectronic and biophotonic applications. We have designed and synthesized novel 2,6- or 3,5-substituted BODIPY (BDP) dyes by a simple protocol to reach wavelength-finely tunable laser action from 600 to 725 nm. The influence of the nature and position of substituents on the laser behavior of the new BDP dyes have been systematically characterized as a function of dye concentration and chemical character of the medium. Regarding efficiency and photostability, the new chromophores outperform the laser action of dyes presently commercialized and considered as benchmarks over this spectral region when pumped under identical conditions. The results obtained provide insight into the always complicated composition-structure-properties relationship of dyes, and suggest possible synthesis routes for new BDP derivatives with properties optimized for specific applications.

New BODIPY dyes with two 4-formylphenyl, 4-(2,2-dimethoxycarbonylvinyl)phenyl and 4-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)phenyl groups at the 3- and 5-positions have been successfully designed and synthesized via palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction or Knoevenagel-type condensations. Structural modification of the BODIPY core via conjugation-extending residues significantly affects the spectroscopy and photophysical properties of the BODIPY fluorophore. These substituents cause the largest bathochromic shift in both absorption and emission spectra, which are shifted toward the red compared to its 4-phenylsubstituted analogue. Additionally, the fluorescence quantum yields and the Stokes shifts are also significantly higher than the corresponding phenyl-substituted dye. New BODIPY dyes have a high laser photostability, superior to that of commercial dyes with laser emission in the same spectral region, such as Perylene Red and Rhodamine 640. The substitution introduced in these derivatives allows to obtain tunable laser emission with a bandwidth of 0.15 cm−1 and a tuning range of up to 50 nm. So with these three dyes it is possible to cover the spectral range 590–680 nm in a continuous way and with stable laser emission and small linewidth.

Copolímeros sililados con grupos silsesquioxano, su preparación y utilización como matrices láser de alta fotoestabilidad. La incorporación de los grupos silsesquioxano al copolímero se lleva a cabo a partir de monómeros con un número variable de dobles enlaces polimerizables por molécula de silsesquioxano, de uno hasta doce. Los copolímeros obtenidos, lineales y entrecruzados, presentan unas excelentes propiedades ópticas y altas fotoestabilidades, propiedades que les hacen especialmente aplicables como matrices sólidas para la fabricación de emisores de luz láser cuando a las mismas se les incorporan durante el proceso de su polimerización un colorante láser soluble en el medio de reacción y en el copolímero final obtenido. Los emisores láser así obtenidos presentan unas eficiencias superiores a las obtenidas con los colorantes comerciales, tanto en disolución líquida, como en otras matrices sólidas, siendo de destacar la alta fotoestabilidad que presentan estas matrices sililadas, incluso bajo condiciones extremas de trabajo.

The present invention relates to a procedure to remove pigmentary stains and tattoos on the skin, characterized in that comprises at least applying on the area to be treated a laser light emitted by a solid-state dye laser system, that tunes discrete wavelengths values comprised within the visible spectrum. Another object of the present invention is constituted by the same solid-state dye laser Irradiation system to remove pigmentary stains and tattoos on the skin according to the procedure described herein, as well as the active medium utilized in said system for generating and emitting laser light. Said active medium is characterized in that comprises at least one dye embedded in a solid matrix of at least one polymer, each dye-matrix combination emitting to a specific wavelength.

Di- y trifenilen-borodipirrometenos y su utilización como colorantes láser en disolución y en estado sólido. Colorantes láser di- y trifenilen-borodipirrometenos, basados en la unión covalente de dos cromóforos de distinta naturaleza, cuales son, por un lado el anillo tricíclico de un complejo dipirrometeno.BF2, al cual se le ha unido en su posición 8 un grupo de dos o tres anillos fenilénicos, como medio activo para la generación de radiación láser, que una vez mecanizados y pulidos, con el fin de obtener la forma geométrica deseada, preferentemente cilíndrica de 1 cm de altura y diámetros variables, con o sin una cara lateral plana de dimensión variable, son adaptables a cualquier cavidad láser para su utilización en optoelectrónica.