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The aim of this study is to investigate how the schema modes defined in Schema Theory group together and accordingly question the conceptualization of schema modes considering the theories combining evolutionary, neuroscientific, and psychological point of views in psychology literature. It was hypothesized that there would be differences in the categorization and conceptualization of schema modes conceptualized by Schema Theory based on Polyvagal Theory. The sample of the study consists of 2032 participants aged between 18 and 71 years old (M = 36.00, SD = 14.312) who applied to a psychotherapy center in Istanbul working with the approach of Schema Therapy. Short Schema Mode Inventory was applied to the participants. According to the results of the second-order factor analysis, compliant surrenderer, healthy adult, punitive parent, happy child, and detached protector modes were clustered in the first factor. Impulsive child, enraged child, condescending, and easily bored child modes were loaded under the second factor while demanding parent, detached self-soother, and status-seeking modes were loaded under the third factor. When the results were evaluated with respect to Polyvagal Theory, it was determined that the first factor represented the parasympathetic nervous system activation and consisted of schema modes that include surrender, freezing, and socialization responses while the second factor consisting of schema modes related to flight or fight responses represented the sympathetic nervous system activation. Moreover, the third factor consisted of the schema modes of the sympathetic nervous system, which included flight or fight responses with parasympathetic inhibition (vagal brake). The results were discussed in line with the literature., Author(s): Hasan Alp Karaosmanoglu [sup.1] , Nida Ates [sup.2] , Bahar Köse Karaca [sup.3] , Mert Aytaç [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) Psikonet Psychotherapy and Education Center, , Istanbul, Turkey (2) [...]

Humor is a strategy that healthcare workers can use to help patients cope with stress and manage complex situations. However, people differ in how they deal with laughter. Our aim was to investigate gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at) among healthcare professionals and its relationships with humor styles and inclinations to use humor for coping. A sample of 550 Italian healthcare-workers was assigned to three groups: Professional Hospital Clown Group (PHCG, people who trained as professional clown in health-care setting), Humor Training Group (HTG, people who attended health-care relevant training courses related to humor), or Control Group (CG, people who attended healthcare or professional training courses not related to humor), and provided self-reports in the GELOPH, the Coping Humor Scale, and the Humor Style Questionnaire. Participants from humor-related interventions, in particular PHCG, were lower in gelotophobia and used humor as a coping strategy. Gelotophobia correlated negatively with coping humor, and affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles. We discuss the findings with regard to the use of humor and laughter in healthcare settings., Author(s): Laura Vagnoli [sup.1] , Kay Brauer [sup.2] , Francesca Addarii [sup.1] , Willibald Ruch [sup.3] , Valeria Marangi [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.413181.e, 0000 0004 1757 8562, Pediatric Psychology [...]

This study aims to determine the factors that may affect the relationship between the level of cyber victims' use of social networks and psychological resilience. 420 Turkish adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 participated in the study, with 56% representing male students and 44% representing females (Mage = 15.57, SD = 1.43). The data collection tools used in this study include the Cyber-Victimization Scale, the Scale of the Goals of Using Social Media, the Active Coping Scale, Child, and Youth Resilience Measure, and the Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire for Adolescents. We used SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 for statistical analysis. This study indicates that there are statistically significant positive relations between the variables of using social networking sites, resilience, and active coping and coping with cyberbullying. The study findings show that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of use of social networking sites by cyberbullying victims and resilience. Moreover, it is clear that active coping and coping with cyber-bullying respectively have a mediating effect on the positive relationship between the level of using social networking sites and resilience. These findings provide new evidence on how the use of social networking sites by adolescents experiencing cyber victimization affects resilience and provide important information to increase resilience., Author(s): Adem Peker [sup.1] , Ragip Ümit Yalçin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411445.1, 0000 0001 0775 759X, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Atatürk University, , Erzurum, Turkey Introduction [...]

Rooted both in cognitive and emotional aspects, humor has generally been assumed to function to facilitate coping with a variety of social, emotional, and cognitive challenges and threats. Humor is intricately linked as a function of distancing one from negative stimuli, but can also foster changing one's perspective on negative stimuli through reappraisal. The current study explored the mechanisms underlying the relationship between humor and negative stimuli. Disgusting things often evoke amusement along with revulsion in a unique mixed emotional state. It was predicted that when participants connect a humorous experience with disgusting situations, they would better be able to handle that disgusting situation. One hundred and twenty undergraduates were presented with video stimuli to evoke emotions of amusement, disgust, a combination of both amusement and disgust, or no emotion, and then rated their willingness to respond to a matching disgusting situation. Supporting our predictions, disgust-evoking videos produced lower willingness and amusement-evoking videos produced higher willingness. However, our main hypothesis was not supported because the combined amusement-disgust video did not increase willingness significantly beyond that of the disgust-only condition. A secondary post hoc analysis based on actual emotional responses to the videos regardless of assigned condition, supported the finding that amusement increased willingness to respond to the disgust situation, but did not support the main hypothesis. Difficulties in carrying out the study in a precise manner and future directions are discussed., Author(s): Kyle A. Deckman [sup.1] , Alexander J. Skolnick [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.262952.8, 0000 0001 0699 5924, Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, , 5600 City Avenue, 19131, Philadelphia, [...]

Downturns in the global economy have caused even large organizations to cease to operate; a phenomenon often dubbed 'organizational death'. Two studies focused on individual coping strategies in times of organizational death and the possible moderating role of attachment as a personality factor. Experiment 1 (N = 162) explored the effects of the saliency of organizational death on work priorities, and the moderating role of dispositional attachment orientation. Experiment 2 (N = 119) examined the interaction between dispositional attachment and the recall of an attachment event on work priorities. Participants reported their work priorities after being primed to imagine that their organization must either shut down or undergo an organizational crisis (or were assigned to a neutral control group), and completed the Experiences in Close Relationships scale to determine their attachment orientation. In Experiment 2, participants were also asked to recall a secure/insecure event after organizational death (or organizational crisis) priming to test the impact of external attachment event recall saliency and its interaction with dispositional attachment on work priorities. Dispositional avoidance (but not anxiety) moderated the effects of the organizational priming condition on work priorities. Recall of an attachment event interacted with dispositional avoidance (but not anxiety) on work priorities after organizational death priming. The saliency of organizational death mitigated the moderating role of individual differences on the effects of both dispositional orientation and priming of an attachment event on work priorities. Thus, a significant event that undermines one of the pillars of security in adulthood may lessen individual differences in work priorities following this exposure., Author(s): Erez Yaakobi [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.430101.7, 0000 0004 0631 5599, Faculty of Business Administration, Ono Academic College, , Address: 104 Zahal Street, Kiryat Ono, Israel Recent crises in [...]

In the wake of declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the Prime Minister of India announced a nationwide lockdown to curb its spread. Subsequently, some groups of people found themselves away from their family or friends, and were unable to return to them. The aim of the research was to explore the lives of young adults who were living alone and working, during the lockdown in India. Focus was on their daily living, their relationships and their mental health. Twelve participants residing in various cities of India were included via the Internet. Focus group discussions were used to attain the objectives of the study. The data that emerged from the discussions, was analysed using thematic analysis. All participants had experienced different kinds of disruptions in their life due to the lockdown. This effect was mediated by their financial situation, their general comfort and preference for living alone, media, opportunities for non-virtual interactions and other kinds of recreation, quality of relationships and more. Though there were similarities in their coping methods, their perspective on the lockdown, the meaning they attributed to their current situation and their vision for their future was unique., Author(s): Tanya Raj [sup.1] , Aishwarya Bajaj [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) New Delhi, India Introduction Covid-19 was declared a pandemic on 11th March 2020, by the World Health Organization (W.H.O, [...]

Many studies have explored the antecedents of cyberloafing, but less attention has been paid to the types of cyberloafing. Based on affective events theory, we developed a moderated mediation model to examine the relationship between workplace ostracism and social cyberloafing. The results of our empirical study of 589 employees reveal distinct effects of workplace ostracism on social cyberloafing and suggest that workplace loneliness mediates the positive relationship between workplace ostracism and social cyberloafing. Moreover, they indicate that conscientiousness moderates the relationship between workplace loneliness and social cyberloafing, such that the relationship is weaker when conscientiousness is higher. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications., Author(s): Yunyang Hu [sup.1] , Yushuai Chen [sup.2] , Maolin Ye [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.258164.c, 0000 0004 1790 3548, School of Management, Jinan University, , Guangzhou, China (2) grid.440718.e, [...]

Recently, the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been studied. However, we lack knowledge of the processes or mechanisms through which mindfulness influences resilience or promotes recovery following exposure to trauma. In this study, we examine the process by which mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral factors such as posttraumatic negative cognition and avoidance behaviors are associated with reduced PTSD-like symptoms. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 885 university students, using the Trauma Experience Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, revised Ways of Coping Checklist, and a brief version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. Data from 254 participants who experienced trauma with PTSD-like symptoms were analyzed. The final model using SEM indicated no direct association of mindful attention awareness on PTSD-like symptoms, a small direct association of cognitive defusion on PTSD-like symptoms, and a large indirect association mediated by posttraumatic negative cognitions and avoidance coping. Owing to the study's cross-sectional design, strong conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the causal relationship of mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral factors or generalizations. However, our findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to continue to clarify the mechanism of mindfulness and to investigate its use in the treatment of PTSD. In the future, a highly accurate study design will hopefully be used to examine the mechanisms of several different factors associated with improvement in posttraumatic stress symptoms, preferably including them in the same model., Author(s): Daisuke Ito [sup.1] , Asuka Watanabe [sup.2] , Kaori Osawa [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411533.1, 0000 0001 2182 295X, Department Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of [...]

Although recently there has been a growing interest in gifted adults, the differences between intellectually gifted and nongifted adults in creativity, emotional intelligence and coping style have not yet been deeply studied. In this study, 23 intellectually gifted and 18 intellectually nongifted adults completed the Alternative Uses Task (AUT), the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), and the Miller Behavioural Style Scale (MBSS). Results indicated that intellectually gifted adults scored higher in the AUT and the blunting subscale of the MBSS than intellectually nongifted adults. However, they showed comparable scores on the EQ-i and the monitoring subscale of the MBSS. This study investigates the characteristics of intellectually gifted adults to adequately support their needs., Author(s): Fabio Rosa Angela [sup.1] , Buzzai Caterina [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10438.3e, 0000 0001 2178 8421, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, , via Bivona, 98100, [...]

Adolescence is a developmental phase marked by a high risk of depressive symptoms. The Diathesis-Stress Model of Depression proposed that different types of coping strategy can determine depression level in individuals differently. It was found that low self-esteem is linked with greater depressive symptoms among adolescents. Although past studies have discovered the effects of problem-focused coping on depression, there are limited studies examining the underlying mechanism among Malaysian adolescents. Thus, the present study investigated the intervening role of self-esteem on the association between problem-focused coping and depression among adolescents. A total of 852 secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were recruited through multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants filled out self-reported questionnaires on depression, self-esteem, and problem-focused coping. SPSS macro was used to analyze the mediation model. The findings showed both self-esteem and problem-focused coping negatively correlated with adolescents' depression. Self-esteem in turn partially mediated the association between problem-focused coping and adolescents' depression. Thus, it is recommended that intervention on reducing depressive symptoms should focus on providing adolescents with the skills to use problem-focused coping. Workshops could be conducted to heighten adolescents' self-esteem through the help of teachers, parents and school counselors in reducing depressive symptoms among adolescents., Author(s): Chin Wen Cong [sup.1] , Wu Shin Ling [sup.2] , Tan Soon Aun [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.444472.5, 0000 0004 1756 3061, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences [...]

Different strategies were followed to control the spread of the COVID-19 disease worldwide. Jordan declared a military-enforced curfew for three months, which successfully controlled the disease spreading. However, the curfew impacted several aspects of students' lives and personalities. This study discusses the impact of the COVID-19 curfew restrictions on university students' mental health, as this area was not fully discussed in previous studies. An online survey was distributed to cover the psychological symptoms and coping strategies of university students. Most of them experienced short temper, anxiety, and sleep problems. Female students expressed more psychological symptoms than males, they managed their stress by sleeping, studying, and worshiping. Whereas male students were working, exercising, and playing video games. A distinct interest was noticed among students of different ages. Young students (18-25 years) expressed unhappiness and distress-like symptoms; they advocated sleeping and playing video games. While elder students (>26 years) had anxiety, sleep problems, and short tempers, they managed their symptoms by studying, exercising, and worshiping. The curfew restrictions have negatively impacted the mental health of female and younger students more than other categories. These research outcomes will help decision-makers to implement healthy coping strategies to be followed during unusual conditions., Author(s): Ensaf Y. Almomani [sup.1] , Ahmad M. Qablan [sup.2] [sup.3] , Abbas M. Almomany [sup.1] , Fatin Y. Atrooz [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.443348.c, 0000 0001 0244 5415, Department [...]

When dealing with a health threat, health information seeking (HIS) is a prominent way of engagement coping. Yet, there is only limited research as to its motivational and emotion regulatory antecedents. We present a theoretical model integrating approach and avoidance motivation, emotion regulation, HIS self-efficacy, and problem and emotion coping focus as predictors of HIS. We propose that, in the context of HIS, (1) approach and avoidance motivation have a direct effect on emotion regulation ability (positive and negative, respectively), (2) approach and avoidance motivation have indirect effects on intended comprehensiveness of search via emotion regulation, HIS self-efficacy and problem coping focus, (3) avoidance motivation has a direct effect on emotion coping focus. Our model was tested by means of structural equation modeling in a sample of university students (N = 283). Model fit was good, and all three hypotheses were supported. We show that emotion regulation ability is essential to explain the effects of approach and avoidance motivation on HIS as it fosters self-efficacy and a problem coping focus. The direct effect of avoidance motivation on emotion focus may represent an alternative way of coping with a health threat for those individuals who are highly sensitive to threat-related emotions., Author(s): Anita Chasiotis [sup.1] , Oliver Wedderhoff [sup.1] , Tom Rosman [sup.1] , Anne-Kathrin Mayer [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.470177.2, 0000 0000 9054 7552, Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information, , [...]

The purpose of this study was to identify the personality predictors of individuals with a stress coping style. In the study, we have attempted to establish which traits play a crucial role in the prediction of tendencies applicable to a specific style of stress coping. In this study, all personality predictors were included in one model. The study was conducted with a group of 632 students. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between both self-efficacy and resilience with a task-oriented style of coping. Both traits related to a task-oriented style to a similar extent. The relationship between participants' sense of coherence and task-oriented style was non-significant. Participants' emotion-oriented style was negatively related with not just the sense of coherence variable, but also with self-efficacy and resilience. Significant predictors of avoidance-oriented styles were the sense of coherence and resilience variables. Further analysis of the two forms of avoidance-oriented styles demonstrate that the sense of coherence variable was a significant predictor of both engaging in substitute activities and seeking contact with other people. Resilience was a significant predictor solely with regard to seeking contact with other people., Author(s): Karol Konaszewski [sup.1] , Marcin Kolemba [sup.1] , Malgorzata Niesiobedzka [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.25588.32, 0000 0004 0620 6106, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Bialystok, , Swierkowa [...]

The transition to university appears to be a complex and delicate time in students' lives, involving a sequence of changes regarding both the personal/affective and social/professional spheres, facilitating students' ability to adapt to a new life context. It represents a challenging time that requires students to use adaptive resources to face many changes, including a new academic environment (Park and Adler Health Psychology, 22(6), 627, 2003; Anderson et al. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(4), 325-339, 2000). This paper presents an investigation that focuses on Italian students in transition to university to assess existing gender and age differences in coping strategies and optimism. Furthermore, the study also was designed to explore the impact that coping strategies and optimism have on students' life satisfaction. The sample consists of 298 first-year undergraduate Italian students enrolled in social science courses at the University of Cagliari (Sardinia): 152 (51%) were female and 146 (49%) were male. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 37 years, with a mean age of 23.2 years (SD = 3.9) The statistical analysis revealed a strong influence from optimism and coping strategies on life satisfaction, as well as an important role played by both gender and age in shaping students' coping strategies, optimism, and life satisfaction. This research could contribute to helping students better face this life transition, thereby increasing life satisfaction and class-attendance levels, improving academic performance, and reducing the number of university dropouts., Author(s): Cristina Cabras [sup.1] , Marina Mondo [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 1755 3242, grid.7763.5, Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, , Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, [...]

While preliminary research supports the association of interpersonal difficulties with cyberbullying victimization in adolescence, it remains unclear how cyber-relationship motives and strategies for coping with stressful peer situations in 'real settings' differ between victims and non-victims of cyberbullying. The purpose of this study was to verify whether there are differences between groups of cyberbullying victims (severe, occasional and non-victims) in regards to cyber-relationship motives and coping strategies for handling problems with peers among 1058 preadolescents aged 10-12 years. The results show that cyberbullying victims use the Internet to create new relationships, search for anonymity, escape the real world and to compensate for their lack of social skills to a greater extent than non-victims. Severe victims of cyberbullying also use less effective strategies to handle problems with peers than non-victims and occasional victims. The results of this study represent a new stimulus to thoroughly understand the psychological and behavioral factors associated with cyberbullying victimization and to identify key recommendations to develop more effective interventions and prevent cyberbullying episodes., Author(s): Raúl Navarro [sup.1] , Elisa Larrañaga [sup.2] , Santiago Yubero [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2194 2329, grid.8048.4, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of [...]

The present study aimed to explore the cultural differences in social functioning and coping strategies in chronically ill adolescents. One hundred sixty-eight chronically ill adolescents (45.8 % girls), age 11 to 17 years from Romania (N = 78) and Republic of Moldova (N = 90) were recruited. Participants filled in self-assessment measures for social functioning problems and coping strategies. Results indicated cross-cultural differences in the studied factors: Moldavian adolescents reported more social functioning problems and higher use of maladaptive coping strategies, while using less adaptive strategies than Romanian counterparts. The associations between social functioning and maladaptive coping strategies were stronger for Romanian than Moldavian adolescents. Further, various coping strategies acted as important predictors for social functioning in the two country samples. Findings suggest that, while the direction of the relation between coping and social functioning in chronically ill adolescents is cultural invariant, the importance played by specific coping strategies in determining social functioning varies by cultural context. Therefore, clinical interventions aimed at improving the social functioning of chronically ill adolescents should take into account the reality of their cultural setting., Author(s): Andreea Mihaela Mihalca [sup.1] , Loredana Ruxandra Diaconu-Gherasim [sup.2] , Lacramioara Ionela Butnariu [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 0000 0001 2162 9631, grid.5522.0, [...]

This study examined coping with stress from an organizational perspective by positing a relationship between Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and coping strategies (defined as change, accepting, or withdrawal). It was hypothesized that coping strategies would mediate the relationship between PsyCap and people's well-being and performance. Questionnaire findings from a five hundred and fifty four employees showed a significant relationship between PsyCap and coping. Coping strategy in terms of change partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and the outcomes of well-being and performance. Coping strategy in terms of withdrawal partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and performance. PsyCap was found to have a strong, positive, and direct correlation with well-being and performance. Well-being was not found to associate significantly with performance. These findings suggest that the central variable in the model is not coping but PsyCap. PsyCap appears to have a strong, direct, and significant effect on the dependent variables. The theoretical implications are examined and future research avenues suggested., Author(s): Edna Rabenu [sup.1] , Eyal Yaniv [sup.2] , Dov Elizur [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, grid.443123.3, , P.O. Box 120, 4223587, Netanya, Israel [...]

The study determines the patterns of coping styles among older patients with hip osteoarthritis and assesses the derived profiles in terms of perceived stress and anxiety before and after arthroplasty. Sixty-one hospital patients (mean age 70.3 years) were analysed one day before arthroplasty and three months after. The participants were assessed with the Brief-COPE (coping style), PSS-10 (perceived stress) and STAI (anxiety) psychometric tests. Four coping patterns were yielded using data clustering: rational, enterprising (resourceful), potentially maladaptive and flexible. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a main effect within subjects but did not indicate that decreases of stress and anxiety varied differently between groups. Cluster 1 (a coping profile characterised by high helplessness, low active coping, high avoidance) reported significantly greater stress and anxiety than all other groups before and after hip replacement, while clusters 2 (flexible), 3 (resourceful) and 4 (rational) were characterised by similar levels of anxiety and stress. Older patients with osteoarthritis might differ in terms of emotional response to surgical treatment. Screening for coping styles at admission to hospital may indicate more vulnerable individuals., Author(s): Patryk Stecz [sup.1] , Magdalena Wrzesinska [sup.1] , Klaudia Tabala [sup.1] , Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagala [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) 0000 0001 2165 3025grid.8267.bDepartment of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, [...]

Background: Up to 85% of health care providers experience loss or illness in themselves or a loved one by the time they complete training. These experiences can intensify both grief [...]

A majority of individuals living in the U.S. experience unhealthy levels of stress; however, romantic partners can help mitigate stress' deleterious effects by coping together (dyadic coping). The Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) measures coping behaviors when one or both partners experience stress. Specifically, the DCI measures a) partner's self-report of his/her own (Self) and their partner's (Partner) behavior, and b) Common DC during the experience of a common stressor. Despite its wide use, the DCI has not yet been validated for use in the United States (U.S.). The aim of this study was to address this gap in the literature. Using a sample of 938 individuals in the U.S. currently involved in a romantic relationship, we validated the English version of the DCI by analyzing its factorial structure and psychometric properties. Results supported the theoretically assumed factorial structure of the DCI. Convergent and discriminant validity, as well as measurement invariance across gender and culture using the original Swiss sample, was confirmed. The English version of the DCI is a valid self-report instrument for assessing couples' coping in the U.S., Author(s): Ashley K. Randall[sup.1] , Peter Hilpert[sup.2] , Laura E. Jimenez-Arista[sup.1] , Kelsey J. Walsh[sup.1] , Guy Bodenmann[sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne [...]

Prior studies indicate that teachers differ in how they respond to different kinds of traditional bullying, and that their beliefs predict their intervention intentions. The current study provided the first extension of this work into the realm of cyber bullying. Preservice teachers in the United Kingdom (N = 222) were presented with vignettes describing three subtypes of traditional bullying as well as cyber bullying, and the latter was directly compared with the former. Dependent variables were perceived seriousness, ability to cope, empathy, and intentions to intervene. Results showed that responses to cyber bullying were most similar to verbal traditional bullying, but distinct from physical and relational traditional bullying. For cyber bullying, willingness to intervene was significantly predicted from the other three dependent variables (collectively and each one uniquely). No gender differences were observed. The implications of the results concerning how teacher educators could help teachers to deal with cyber bullying were discussed. Keywords bullying, cyber bullying, peer victimization, teachers, Introduction and General Rationale Bullying is a subset of aggression that is characterized by a power imbalance in favor of perpetrators over victims, intention to cause harm or distress, and [...]

Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) leads to the need for dialysis and renal transplantation (Tx). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) of young children is normally performed at home by the parents and affects the whole family. We studied the coping of families with a young child with ESRD by interviewing the parents of 19 children. Methods The spousal and parent-child relationships were assessed by using the Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences (PACE) and the Brief Measure of Expressed Emotion, respectively. A control group of 22 families with a healthy child was used for the parent-child relationship evaluation. Results The spousal relationship at the start of PD was good or fairly good in most of the families and remained good in half of the families following renal Tx. Lack of support from close relatives and renal Tx were associated with a poorer relationship quality. Almost all parents expressed much or fairly much emotional warmth towards the child throughout the study, but there was a trend towards increased criticism over time. No differences in the degree of expressed warmth or criticism were noted between the index parents and controls. Conclusions Overall, the study families appeared to cope well despite the serious illness of their child and the demands of the treatments. Keywords Children * End-stage renal disease * Family coping * Parent-child relationship * Peritoneal dialysis * Renal transplantation * Spousal relationship, Introduction At the time that renal replacement therapies (RRT, i.e. dialysis, renal transplantation) were first introduced in young children during the 1970s and 1980s, the main concern was the patient's [...]

'It was like everything I found comforting, he didn't': A Comparative Study of Gendered Grief in Mothers and Fathers after the Death of a Child. Elisabeth D. Bletsch, Alma College [...]

One hundred forty-nine parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) completed online questionnaires measuring their beliefs about support groups and ASD, coping style, social support, mood, and use of support groups. Those currently using parent support groups (PSGs) reported using more adaptive coping strategies than both parents who had never used PSGs and parents who had used PSGs in the past. Past PSG users reported that they did not find the groups as beneficial as current users, and parents who had never participated in PSGs reported difficulties with the accessibility of PSGs. Based on the current results, interventions for parents of children with ASD that are focused on meeting the needs identified by participating parents may be most effective. Keywords Autism * Parents * Support groups * Predictors * Group participation, Introduction Parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) face unique challenges related to their child's behaviour, planning for the future, and financial stresses among other issues. Parenting a child with [...]

Migration can have emotional costs for migrants, whose face-to-face friendships are ruptured. This article explores the ways that migrants managed their emotions towards old friends after migration. Excerpts from semi-structured interviews with 20 skilled migrants are analysed to show the stoic, fantasy and disengagement accounts used to deal with ruptured relationships. Each account demonstrates a different type of emotion work, which assisted migrants to cope with the loss of friends. The article discusses how the ways that migrants thought about their friends were affected by structural aspects such as geographic and temporal distance, and normative expectations such as the obligation for the migrant to return home. The article provides insight into the personal costs of migration and highlights the loss and coping that can follow, whilst demonstrating the complexity of friendship over time and geographic distance. Keywords: skilled migrants, friendship, emotions, geographic distance, home, Introduction It has been argued that modernity and globalisation have led to the dispersal of social relations as individuals become increasingly mobile and friendships become more flexible (Giddens 1991; Allan [...]

Using a sample of Chinese college students (n = 216), the present study showed that future-oriented coping negatively correlated with perceived pressure and positively correlated with successful job hunting. The relationship between proactive coping and preventive coping was also explored. Structural equation modeling suggested that a sequence model was better than a parallel model; that is, proactive, coping mediated the effect of preventive coping on perceived pressure and successful job hunting. They are sequential stages of one process rather than two separate processes. Students' appraisal of job hunting and their preparing and hunting behaviors were also investigated. Key words: future-oriented coping, proactive coping, preventive coping, job hunting, college students, China, In a person's career, the transition from school to work is a critical stage (Super & Hall, 1978). Individuals in this stage may encounter many difficulties, for example, seeking a [...]

To analyze the psychometric properties of the Coping Response Inventory--Youth Form (CRI-Y) and its applicability, 426 Brazilian adolescents (43.3% boys, 56.7% girls), ages 12 to 18 years (M = 16.5, SD = 1.6), completed the authorized Brazilian/Portuguese version of the 1993 original. Analysis showed higher use of Approach coping and Emotional Discharge by the girls. The inventory showed internal consistency reliability was similar to that of the original scale. A two-factor structure reflecting Approach and Avoidance coping was found; however, the distribution of loadings of specific coping scales on this two-factor structure did not fit the original Moos model. The criterion validity analyzed by the use of the Youth Self-Report showed significant positive relation between the Avoidance dimension and Psychopathological symptoms for boys and girls. Data were discussed with respect to coping theory, assessment, and cultural influences. DOI 10.2466/08.17.20.PR0.107.5.617-628

The purpose was to investigate positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and coping with stress in relation to attachment styles. Undergraduate students (N = 421) completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Coping with Stress Scale. Results indicated that secure attachment style was the unique predictor of positive affect while fearful and preoccupied attachment styles significantly predicted negative affect. Regarding life satisfaction, a positive correlation with secure attachment style and a negative correlation with fearful and preoccupied styles were seen. However, the unique predictor of life satisfaction was preoccupied attachment style. In terms of coping with stress, there was no significant association between attachment variables and avoidance coping style, but significant links were observed between problem-focused coping and dismissing, and fearful and preoccupied attachment styles. DOI 10.2466/02.09.10.20.PR0.107.5.480-490

This study investigated the association between perfectionism (categorized by adaptive perfectionistic, maladaptive perfectionistic, or nonperfectionistic groups), perceived stress, drinking alcohol to cope, and alcohol-related problems in a large sample of college students (N = 354). Maladaptive perfectionists reported significantly higher levels of stress and drinking to cope than adaptive perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists reported the fewest alcohol-related problems, suggesting that healthy levels of high standards may protect against drinking to cope with stress. Across all participants, a significant indirect effect for drinking to cope supported its role as a mediator between stress and alcohol-related problems. Structural equation modeling analyses supported the moderating role of perfectionism in this mediation model, such that maladaptive perfectionists were more likely to drink to cope under stress and report alcohol-related problems, whereas higher stress was associated with fewer alcohol-related problems among nonperfectionists. Additional analyses revealed higher stress levels for women and a stronger link between stress and drinking to cope for women compared to men. Future research directions as well as clinical implications regarding perfectionism, stress, drinking to cope, and alcohol-related problems are discussed. Keywords: perfectionism, stress, coping, alcohol-related problems DOI: 10.1037/a0020221

Faith factors (i.e., factors pertaining to religion/spirituality) have been linked with well-being and adequate coping. Few studies have investigated negative aspects of religious coping, such as spiritual struggle. Based on the multidisciplinary literature and on previous findings, the study's analysis estimated parallel psychophysiological pathways from preoperative distress to postoperative depression in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Plasma samples for interleukin(IL)-6 were obtained before surgery. The results showed that a link between spiritual struggle and IL-6 mediated the indirect effects of preoperative anxiety on postoperative depression. Avoidant coping also mediated the influence of anxiety on postoperative maladjustment. Further, hope played a protective mediating role to moderate the undesirable influences of the spiritual struggle-IL-6 link and maladaptive coping on postoperative mental health attributes. [c] 2010 Wiley Periodicals, inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1057-1075, 2010. Keywords: depression; interleukin-6 (IL-6); spiritual struggle; avoidant coping; hope; anxiety; existential distress; cardiac disease; open heart surgery DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20716

This study observed young, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 239; [M.sub.age] = 49.6 years; range = 18-89 years) for 30 consecutive days to examine the association between daily stress and negative affect, taking into account potential risk (i.e., self-concept incoherence) and resilience (i.e., age, perceived personal control) factors. Results indicated that younger individuals and individuals with a more incoherent self-concept showed higher average negative affect across the study. As well, individuals reported higher negative affect on days that they experienced more stress than usual and on days that they reported less control than usual. These main effects were qualified by significant interactions. In particular, the association between daily stress and negative affect was stronger on days on which adults reported low control compared with days on which they reported high control (i.e., perceptions of control buffered stress). Reactivity to daily stress did not differ for individuals of different ages or for individuals with different levels of self-concept incoherence. Although all individuals reported higher negative affect on days on which they reported less control than usual, this association was more pronounced among younger adults. The current study helps to elucidate the role of risk and resilience factors when adults are faced with daily stress. Keywords: adulthood, self-concept incoherence, perceived control, daily stress, daily negative affect DOI: 10.1037/a0019937

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the participation of displaced women in food security at the household level in Mayo Camp in Khartoum State. The study also [...]

The current research investigated appraisal, coping, cognitive hardiness and work related stress in 439 military personnel. Associations were found between challenge appraisals, adaptive coping and positive psychological and physical outcomes. [...]

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ; Folkman & Lazarus, 1985) remains one of the widely used measures of self-report coping behaviours, despite an acknowledgement of its relatively poor psychometric properties. In contrast, the Cybernetic coping scale (CCS; Edwards & Baglioni, 1993) appears to have improved psychometric characteristics, but is scarcely employed within published research. To examine the factor structure and criterion validity of the CCS, a longitudinal study was conducted using a diverse sample of New Zealand employees from a range of organizations. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the CCS was found to have construct validity over time. However, a 14-item CCS model produced the best goodness-of-fit and improved item properties. The implications of this improved CCS are discussed in terms of longitudinal research designs, and the necessity for the inclusion of robust self-report coping measures., A variety of self-report measures have been developed to assess coping behaviours. Within the occupational well-being arena, the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) developed by Lazarus, Folkman et al. (e.g. [...]

Despite a growing body of literature documenting beneficial outcomes of religious coping, there are virtually no studies examining sexual assault survivors' use of religious coping. To fill this gap in the literature, the current study examines predictors and outcomes of positive and negative religious coping among 100 sexual assault survivors who believed in God. Results suggested that African American survivors were more likely to use both forms of religious coping than survivors from other ethnicities. Yet, results also suggest that positive religious coping is related to higher levels of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression, whereas negative religious coping is related to higher levels of depression, regardless of ethnicity. The only outcome where ethnicity makes a difference is posttraumatic growth with a stronger relationship between positive religious coping and posttraumatic growth among Caucasian survivors space. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Individuals respond to threats to affiliation and achievement needs through drawing on a repertoire of coping strategies specific to a given situation. Gifted adolescents in college-preparatory high school programs may be faced with novel stressors, and may have unique coping strategies to manage these challenges. The current study considers responses to surveys of stress and coping as well as focus group interviews of gifted and high-achieving students enrolled in an academically intense curriculum, the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program. Findings of this secondary analysis of archival data sets indicate gifted students experience levels of stress similar to their IB classmates not identified as gifted. Additionally, gifted students were similar to IB peers not identified as gifted with respect to how they cope with school; likenesses included positive reframing, time and task management, avoiding tasks, and seeking social support. However, gifted IB students differed from IB classmates with respect to anger coping, humor, and problem-solving approaches. Putting the Research to Use With the growing interest of International Baccalaureate Programs throughout the United States, educational personnel, researchers, and administrators are considering the social-emotional needs of gifted and high-ability students served in these challenging academic programs. Understanding the needs of this unique population of students is critical to supporting the cognitive and affective growth of IB students, and this study provides a glimpse into the thoughts of IB learners with respect to their stress and coping.The findings of this study suggests that gifted students in IB and their IB peers experience similar stressors and coping responses, though some differences in anger coping, humor, and problem solving were unique among gifted IB students in this sample.