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All Somalian cities favor vertical growth over lateral growth due to a combination of rapidpopulation growth, fast urbanization, lack of urban infrastructures, and rising land prices. The use ofconventional slabs has been common in Somalia, but nowadays flat slabs are widely used due to theiradvantages such as reduced story height, ease of formwork installation, and shorter construction period, all ofwhich affect the cost of construction projects. However, accurate analysis and design are required for flat slabssince they are susceptible to punching shear. This study aims to investigate the performance and behavior of flatslab and conventional slab floor systems subjected to gravity loads and to compare the total cost of flat slabfloor systems and conventional slab floor systems for formwork, required concrete, and steel reinforcement inSomalia. 8-story residential buildings with flat slab and conventional slab floor systems have been analyzedusing ETABS software as per ACI 318-14 and ASCE 7-16. The results show that flat slab structures haveobvious architectural and structural advantages and in addition, the cost of a conventional slab floor system is18.3% to 19.9% higher compared to a flat slab floor system. Based on the cost analysis results obtained fromthis case study, it could be concluded that the flat slab floor system is economical compared to the conventionalslab floor system in Somalia.

Improvement of the current construction of midrise to high-rise building in Surabaya relatively needs to be evaluated, especially for compact office building area, it is very challenging to have an optimal space to the structural system with facilitate a satisfactory capacity performance. This paper makes a comparative study of the effectivity of structural plate structure in the compact office building between conventional slab (M1), waffle slab (M2) and flat slab (M3). A typical 5-story reinforced concrete building structure is selected as a case study within 6 m symmetrically span for each model. The proposed method used in this study is based on empirical analysis followed by numerical evaluation using SAP2000. The step initiated by deriving an optimal alternative of various type of slab. This study aims to emphasize the benefits to the functionality of the structural system which more efficient in term of structural capacity and its performance. As the result, M1 and M3 offer a similar behaviour due to the reinforcement and design performance with high slab deformation compared to the M2. M2 present a lower slab deflection under the supported of waffle element with the result almost twice smaller than M1 and M3., Peningkatan konstruksi gedung tingkat sedang hingga tinggkat tinggi saat ini di Surabaya relatif perlu dievaluasi, terutama untuk area gedung perkantoran yang memiliki area kerja terbatas. Sangat sulit untuk memiliki ruang yang optimal untuk sistem struktur dengan memfasilitasi kinerja kapasitas yang memuaskan. Studi ini melakukan studi perbandingan efektivitas struktur pelat pada gedung perkantoran yang memiliki area terbatas antara pelat konvensional (M1), pelat wafel (M2) dan pelat datar (M3). Struktur bangunan terbuat dari beton bertulang 5 lantai dipilih sebagai studi kasus dengan bentang simetris 6 m untuk setiap model. Analisa diawali dengan menurunkan alternatif optimal dari berbagai jenis pelat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menekankan manfaat fungsi sistem struktur yang lebih efisien dalam hal kapasitas struktur dan kinerjanya. Hasilnya, M1 dan M3 menawarkan perilaku yang sama karena perkuatan dan kinerja desain dengan deformasi pelat yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan M2. Dalam hal ini, M2 menghadirkan defleksi pelat yang lebih rendah di bawah penopang elemen waffle dengan hasil hampir dua kali lebih kecil dari M1 dan M3.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY) 2018’e göre yüksekliği 72 m olan ve Deprem Tasarım Sınıfı 1 (DTS) kategorisine giren yüksek bir betonarme yapının, yönetmelikte belirtilen Şekil Değiştirmeye Göre Değerlendirme ve Tasarım (ŞGDT) kriterleri altında doğrusal olmayan analiz göz önünde bulundurularak farklı döşeme tiplerinde performans ve yapısal davranışına ait karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Aynı düşey taşıyıcı sistem içerisinde, betonarme yapılarda sıklıkla kullanılan kirişli plak döşeme, mantar döşeme, asmolen döşeme ve döşemenin sistemle birlikte modellenmediği (plak döşemeli) yapı sisteminden oluşan 4 farklı model dikkate alınmıştır. Her yapı sistemi için kullanılan beton ve donatıya ait malzeme seçimlerinde aynı dayanım özelliklerine yer verilmiştir. Analizlerden elde edilen elastik ötesi şekil değiştirmeler birbirleri ile karşılaştırılmış ve farklı döşeme tiplerine göre performans düzeyleri belirlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak doğrusal olmayan davranış analizlerinde döşeme modellemesinin eleman hasar seviyelerini ve yapı davranışını değiştirebildiği, yapı sistemlerinin katlara ait düzlem içi rijitliğine katkı sağlayarak, düşey elemanların daha çok zorlanmalarına sebep olabileceği görülmüştür., In this study, non-linear analysis is considered under the Evaluation and Design Based on Strain (ŞGDT) criteria specified in the regulation, of a high reinforced concrete structure with a height of 72 m according to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY) 2018 under the Earthquake Design Class 1 (DTS) category. Considering the performance and structural behavior of different flooring types, comparisons were made. Within the same vertical support system, 4 different models, commonly used in reinforced concrete structures, consisting of conventional slab system, ribbed hardy slab system, flat slab system and non-modeled floor conventional slab system were considered. The same strength properties are included in the material selection of the concrete and reinforcement used for each building system. Inelastic strains obtained from the analyses were compared with each other and performance levels were determined according to different flooring types.As a result, in non-linear behavior analysis, it has been observed that modeling of slabs can change the element damage levels and building behavior, contributing to the horizontal in-plane rigidity of the building systems and causing more strain on the vertical elements.

Slab is one of the largest consuming concrete member to carrying a load. A slab being the essential part of the building and should be successfully intended and utilized. The slab requires more concrete, while constructing the co2 emission is high and it leads to global warming, hence has to be optimized. Concrete plays a major role in the construction field. The usage of concrete is high in slab construction. Multiple elements transferring and resisting external loads throughout the structure. The vertical loads acting on the slab can be transferring to the beam and then column .The gravity path is depends upon the type of slab is used and also we consider the load transfers from the structure only on the column portion not throughout the slab. While reducing the dead weight of the slab the entire construction weight is least and cost saving is also elevated. Therefore we reduce the concrete in centre of the slab by using cast off balls. Bubble Deck slab is one of the recently developed prefabrication construction technology functional in many engineering projects in the world. In Bubble Deck slab either can use steel balls or hollow balls will be recycled plastic and therefore it reduce the dead weight of the slab and also eliminating the concrete part which does not contribute to the structural concert. The model is analyzed by ANSYS software with appropriate support conditions as with the experimental setup and providing uniformly distributed loading in the bubble deck slab and in conventional slab. The stress and deformation results were evaluated and compared the bubble deck slab with conventional slab were observed using finite element analysis. At last the comparison has been made for Bubble Deck Slab with the Conventional slab over its self weight. From the evaluation of these results, Bubble Deck Slab gives better performance than that of the conventional slab. M. Ranjitham | N. V. Manjunath "Experimental and numerical investigation on structural behaviour of Bubble Deck Slab with conventional slab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11532.pdf