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Background: The legal quality control of Cangzhu is used the single component as an evaluation indicator, which would not be enough to reflect the authenticity of quality. It is necessary to select several typical chemical components as the basis for quality control of medicinal materials and decoction pieces to reflect the content of effective ingredients. Purpose: Based on UPLC-MS/MS, the study aimed to build the content determination method of atractyloidin, atractylidin A, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III in Cangzhu from different sources. Materials and Methods: Agilent SB-C18 (2.1 × 100 µm, 1.8 µm) was used to be the stationary phase. The mobile phase system was formed by water-formic acid (1000:1) and acetonitrile-formic acid (1000:1) in gradient elution. The column temperature set at 40℃, and the flow rate was 0.3 mL min–1. Results: The contents of atractyloidin, atractylidin A, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III had good linearity in a certain range (r2 ≥ 0. 9990). The RSD of the precision, stability and repetitive test results were less than 3.00%. In addition, the content of the four components were some different among different patches of Cangzhu. Conclusion: The method was simple, rapid and highly sensitive, which was suitable for the determination of atractyloidin, atractylidin A, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III in Cangzhu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] A method for simultaneous determination of ẞ-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol in edible oil was established by gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS). [Method] Sample was saponified by potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution, n-hexane extraction, concentration, derivatization, and then diluted with n-hexane.GC-MS was used to select ion scanning mode (SIM) and external standard method was used for quantification. [Result] There were good linear relationships for ẞ-sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol in 5-500 µg/mL, and campesterol in 2.5-250.0 µg/mL, respectively. Linear correlation coefficients (R²) were greater than 0.999. Limits of detection were 0.05- 0.10 mg/kg and limits of quantification were 0.1-0.3 mg/kg, respectively. Adding standard recovery rate was 80.5%-107.8%, relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.3%-9.8%. [Conclusion] This method is easy to operate, efficient, highly sensitive, and has good repeatability, which is suitable for the determination of ẞ-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol contents in edible vegetable oil samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two leading theories about the ontology of dreams. One holds that dreams involve hallucinations and beliefs. The other holds that dreaming involves sensory and propositional imagining. I highlight two features of dreams which are more easily explained by the imagination theory. One is that certain things seem to be true in our dreams, even though they are not represented sensorily; this is easily explained if dreams involve propositional imagining. The other is that dream narratives can be temporally segmented, involving events which take place across long spans of time; this makes sense if dreams involve sensory imagining, for we often sensorily imagine narratives during wakefulness in the same way. The two considerations are unified by the fact that both highlight forms of content determination characteristic of imagining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To establish the fingerprint map and method of multi-component content determination of ginger and its processed products, and to evaluate their quality. Methods High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish the fingerprint of ginger and its processed products (dried ginger, baked ginger, ginger charcoal) and the method for the simultaneous determination of content of five components. The data were analyzed by similarity evaluation and chemical pattern recognition. Results The fingerprint of ginger and its processed products was established. The similarity was ranged from 0.931 to 0.996. A total of 15 common peaks were confirmed. Five components (6-ginger phenol, 8-ginger phenol, 10-ginger phenol, 6-ginger enol, zingiberone) were identified when compared with the standard. The content of 6-ginger phenol, 8-ginger phenol and 10-ginger phenol in ginger and its processed products (dried ginger, baked ginger, ginger charcoal), which were determined by HPLC, met the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) . The content of 6-ginger enol and zingiberone ·· 1593 in fresh ginger was very low, but their content increased significantly after processing into dried ginger and baked ginger. Ginger and its processed products can be divided into different category in cluster analysis. Five components with VIP greater than one were selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Conclusion The HPLC fingerprint and assay method established in this study are specific, simple and feasible, stable and reliable. With the help of chemical pattern recognition method, it can provide reference for the quality evaluation of ginger and its processed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Saposhnikovia divaricata is commonly used in clinical practice as a heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine. Current research on Saposhnikovia divaricata has mostly focused on chromones, while studies on its lipophilic parts remain scarce. In this study, samples of the lipophilic components of Saposhnikovia divaricata (SDL) from different regions in China were collected to establish an HPLC fingerprint. The quality of SDL was evaluated through chemical pattern recognition and multi-component content determination. Furthermore, using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, the anti-aging ability of SDL was preliminarily studied. In the HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of SDL, 19 common peaks were identified, and 4 components were characterized as follows: peak 14, linolenic acid (ALA); peak 15, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); peak 16, linoleic acid (LA); peak 17, oleic acid (OA). The similarity of the fingerprint ranged from 0.704 to 0.929. The results indicate that the content of ALA, DHA, LA, and OA are 0.040–0.440 mg/g, 0.003–0.116 mg/g, 1.047–6.460 mg/g, and 0.040–0.294 mg/g, respectively. HCA analysis divided 11 batches of SDL into two categories, and PCA analysis extracted 6 principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.91%. The anti-aging ability of the SDL was proved by measuring the lifespan, reproductive capacity, body length, mobility, lipofuscin content, and heat stress resistance of C. elegans. The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition for multi-component content determination is a reliable, comprehensive, and promising evaluation of the quality of SDL. The confirmation of SDL’s anti-aging ability provides the possibility for the research of Saposhnikovia divaricata in the field of healthy food and cosmetics.

Abstract Background Ancient classic prescription play a crucial role in the preservation and advancement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories. They represent a significant milestone in the ongoing development and transmission of TCM knowledge and practices and are considered one of the breakthroughs in the development of TCM inheritance. In the process of developing ancient classic prescriptions, many problems may still arise in ensuring quality consistency between traditional methods and modern production processes, among which the extraction process poses major challenges. This paper introduces a practical approach extracting an ancient classic prescription using a modern extraction process. The technique is demonstrated through the study of the extraction process of Shenshou Taiyi powder (STP). Methods This study focuses on optimising the STP extraction process to ensure consistency in the quality of the product obtained through ancient and modern processes using the standard relation and fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method integrated weights combined with the Box-Behnken response surface test. Using the contents of rosmarinic acid, isoimperatorin, puerarin, as well as the extract yield and fingerprint similarity as evaluation indexes of STP, the Box-Behnken response surface method was employed to examine the varying extraction parameters, including water addition ratio, extraction duration, and number of extractions. The weighted coefficients for each parameter were calculated by combining the benchmark correlation and FAHP-CRITIC method, deriving a comprehensive score. Results The optimal extraction process for STP consisted of a two extractions, each using at a tenfold quantity of water, performed for one hour. Process verification across three separate batches yielded a comprehensive score of 94.7, with a relative standard deviation of 0.76%. Conclusions The application of the Box-Behnken response surface method combined with standard relation and FAHP-CRITIC approach proved to be stable and feasible for optimising the extraction process of STP.

Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is the dried mature fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Its primary active elements include polysaccharides, lignans, and other substances, and it is essential for neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other functions. One of the components of lignan, schisantherin B (STB), is commonly extracted using ultrasonic extraction or a combination of ultrasonic and microwave techniques. The macroporous resin method is used to purify the extract at first. Pharmacological studies have shown that it has hepatoprotective, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects, among which hepatoprotective effects are more prominent, mainly by reducing the activity of intrahepatic ghrelin transaminase and improving liver damage. In addition, the pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that STB was well absorbed in vivo and was mainly in the form of passive transport in the gastrointestinal tract. The metabolic pathways in rats were also relatively diverse. At the same time, its content is related to the herb's traits, processing, storage methods, distribution, and other aspects. Therefore, the preparation, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and content determination of STB will be summarized, aiming to improve its knowledge system and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent more in-depth studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to utilize ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to analyze and quantify eight therapeutic components in Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza decoction. The goal was to establish an accurate, efficient, and applicable method for determining the composition of this formula, providing a reference for its clinical application. Methanol was employed to extract the therapeutic components from Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza decoction, forming the test sample solution. UHPLC-MS/MS technology was applied to separate and analyze the test samples. The results indicated that upon analysis, the eight reference standards exhibited excellent linear relationships, and the test samples remained stable within 24 h. The content of paeoniflorin, paeonolide, glycyrrhizic acid A, quercetin, chebulic acid, liquiritin, naringenin, and glycyrrhetic acid was determined to be 3.530 ± 0.124, 0.139 ± 0.006, 0.245 ± 0.008, 0.779 ± 0.026, 0.433 ± 0.021, 0.388 ± 0.018, 0.617 ± 0.013, and 0.081 ± 0.005 mg/mL, respectively. This study established that UHPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated high efficiency and broad applicability, reflecting the chemical composition characteristics of Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza decoction. This research provided a quantitative analysis method for the eight therapeutic components in Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza decoction, applicable to its clinical use and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a high-precision and high-specificity quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance phosphorus spectrometry method (31P-qNMR) for detecting the phosphorus content in calcium hydrogen phosphate chewable tablets. Methods Hexamethyl phosphoramide was used as an internal standard, phosphorus spectrum data of calcium hydrogen phosphate chewable tablets solution was collected. The linear relationship of calcium hydrogen phosphate within the concentration range of 1.0 to 9.0 mg/ml was studied, and sample recovery rate and repeatability experiments were conducted. Results Calcium hydrogen phosphate and the internal standard demonstrated a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 1.0 to 9.0 mg/ml, with a regression equation A = 0.0043 + 0.1836C. The recovery rates for low, medium, and high concentrations were 98.0%, 98.1%, and 98.4%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.31%, 0.68%, and 0.62%, respectively (n= 9). The average content of calcium hydrogen phosphate in the chewable tablets was determined to be 98.1%. Conclusion This study successfully established a high-precision and highly specific method for quantifying the content of calcium hydrogen phosphate in chewable tablets, which did not require a self-reference substance, was simple in sample preparation, and had a fast detection speed. The method could provide a new technical support for the quality control of phosphorus-containing drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology is the property of Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Ancient classic prescription play a crucial role in the preservation and advancement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories. They represent a significant milestone in the ongoing development and transmission of TCM knowledge and practices and are considered one of the breakthroughs in the development of TCM inheritance. In the process of developing ancient classic prescriptions, many problems may still arise in ensuring quality consistency between traditional methods and modern production processes, among which the extraction process poses major challenges. This paper introduces a practical approach extracting an ancient classic prescription using a modern extraction process. The technique is demonstrated through the study of the extraction process of Shenshou Taiyi powder (STP). Methods: This study focuses on optimising the STP extraction process to ensure consistency in the quality of the product obtained through ancient and modern processes using the standard relation and fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method integrated weights combined with the Box-Behnken response surface test. Using the contents of rosmarinic acid, isoimperatorin, puerarin, as well as the extract yield and fingerprint similarity as evaluation indexes of STP, the Box-Behnken response surface method was employed to examine the varying extraction parameters, including water addition ratio, extraction duration, and number of extractions. The weighted coefficients for each parameter were calculated by combining the benchmark correlation and FAHP-CRITIC method, deriving a comprehensive score. Results: The optimal extraction process for STP consisted of a two extractions, each using at a tenfold quantity of water, performed for one hour. Process verification across three separate batches yielded a comprehensive score of 94.7, with a relative standard deviation of 0.76%. Conclusions: The application of the Box-Behnken response surface method combined with standard relation and FAHP-CRITIC approach proved to be stable and feasible for optimising the extraction process of STP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Yao medicine Hongniuxi is the root and rhizome of Achyranthes longifolia, which is a commonly used medicinal herb in Yao ethnic areas. Currently, only a few provinces and regions have recorded the method for quality control of Hongniuxi. Microscopic method and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were qualitatively identified on the roots and rhizomes of 14 batches of Yao Medicine Hongniuxi collected in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the study. The content of β-ecdysterone was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The Phenomenex column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (15∶85), the column temperature was 25 ℃, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was at 243 nm. The results were as follows: (1) The character and microscopic identification methods of Hongniuxi were obvious. Microscopic identification showed the inner layer of thrombus, vascular bundle, abnormal vascular bundle, duct, ray cell, calcium oxalate sand crystal or square crystal, etc. (2) The TLC identification spots of β-ecdysterone and ginsenoside RO were clear, and the separation effect was good. (3) The β-ecdysterone showed a good linear relationship within the range of 5.606-224.224 μg (r＝0.999 9), whose average recovery (n=6) was 97.68%, with the RSD of 1.37%. (4) Among 14 batches of samples, the contents of β-ecdysterone ranged from 0.005% to 0.158%, with an average content of 0.095%. This study establishes a complete method for microscopic identification, thin layer identification, and content determination, providing a scientific basis for rational evaluation of the quality of Hongniuxi and clinical rational drug use.

Objective We aimed to establish the benchmark characteristic map of Fuzi decoction and the determination method of multi-index components, and to clarify the key quality attributes of Fuzi decoction. Methods Fifteen batches of Fuzi decoction substance benchmarks samples were prepared; the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characteristic spectrum of Fuzi decoction was established; and characteristic peak attribution and similarity analysis were performed. Ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rb1 were used as the index components to establish a method to determine ginseng content in Fuzi decoction. The value range of each quality control index was set at a limit of 70%-130% of the average value, and the quantity transfer analysis was performed on the material basis of 15 Fuzi decoction batches. Results The characteristic spectra of the 15 Fuzi decoction batches had 12 common peaks, and seven characteristic peaks of gallic acid, catechin, paeoniflorin, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1, and atractylenolide III were identified, with a similarity of more than 0.98. Ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rb1 content ranges were 0.51-0.94, 0.34-0.62, 0.14-0.27, and 0.41-0.76 mg/g, respectively. The transfer rates of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, Rf, and Rb1 were 12.05%-26.91%, 11.15%-43.71%, and 10.53%-33.23%, respectively. Conclusion The characteristic HPLC of Fuzi decoction and the determination method of Fuzi decoction ginseng content established in this study are accurate, reproducible, and stable, laying the foundation for the quality evaluation of the key chemical properties of Fuzi decoction and its preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish the method of simultaneous determination of four main components of Danggui Liuhuang Decoction, including phellodendrine, palmatine, calycosin, and ferulic acid and provide reference for the quality control of Danggui Liuhuang Decoction. Methods Based on the HPLC-MS/MS analysis method, the positive ion data acquisition mode were adopted for the mass spectrometry detection and the four main components were quantified with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) by ESI source. The chromatographic column was Agilent Extend-C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm), and gradient elution was performed with methanol and 0.5% formic acid in water. Results The linear range of phellodendrine was from 2-200 nmol/ml, and the linear range of palmatine, calycosin and ferulic acid was from 20-2000 nmol/ml. The contents of the four components in the seven batches of Danggui Liuhuang Decoction were relatively stable, among which ferulic acid was mainly found in Phellodendrine and Coptidis; Phellodendrine was only detected in cortex phellodendri; the content of calycosin in Scutellaria baicalensis and Astragalus was higher; palmatine was detected in both Phellodendron and Astragalus. Conclusion The method had high sensitivity, good specificity and sample stability, which could meet the requirements of quantitative analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds, and could provide reference for further pharmacokinetics study on the content changes of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganmaoling Granule (GMLG) is one of the most effective Chinese Patent Medicines (CPMs) which is applied to relieve the uncomfortable symptoms caused by the common cold. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with chemometric analyses and multi-component content determination were performed to preliminary investigate the effect of ozone sterilization technology on the quality of GMLG. The methodology validation and similarity analysis results showed that the analytical method was capable of complying with the demand of HPLC fingerprints, and 80 batches of GMLGs before and after ozone sterilization in four process stages had a high degree of similarity based on the values of similarity analysis (SA) was greater than 0.98. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the GMLGs before and after ozone sterilization were divided into two categories, and the same batch of GMLGs was clustered into the same group. Meanwhile, the contents of linarin, caffeine, chlorpheniramine maleate and acetaminophen between 24 batches of GMLGs before and after ozone sterilization had no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05), which met the requirements of "Drug Standard of the People's Republic of China". In conclusion, the ozone sterilization technology had no obvious influence on the quality of GMLGs in four process stages, which provided a reference for the quality control of GMLG and other Chinese-western medicine compound preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yao medicine Hongniuxi is the root and rhizome of Achyranthes longifolia, which was a commonly used medicinal herb in Yao ethnic areas. Currently, only a few provinces have recorded the method for quality control of A. longifolia. Microscopic method and thin layer chromatography were qualitatively identified on the roots and rhizomes of 14 batches of Yao Medicine A. longifolia collected in Guangxi region in the standy. The content of β-ecdysterone was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The Phenomenex column（250mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water（15:85), the column temperature was 25 ℃, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was at 243 nm. The results were as follows:（1） The characteristics and microscopic identification methods of A. longifolia were obvious. Microscopic identification showed the inner layer of thrombus, vascular bundle, abnormal vascular bundle, duct, ray cell, calcium oxalate sand crystal or square crystal, etc.（2） The identification spots of β-ecdysterone and ginsenoside RO thin layer chromatography are clear, and the separation effect was good.（3） The β-ecdysterone showed a good linear relationship within the range of 5.606-224.224 μg（r=0.999 9), whose average recovery（n=6） was 97.68%, with the RSD of 1.37%.（4） Among 14 batches of samples, the content of β-ecdysterone range from 0.005% to0.158%, with an average content of 0.098%. This study established a complete method for microscopic identification, thin-layer identification, and content determination, providing a scientific basis for rational evaluation of the quality of A. longifoli. and clinical rational drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To study the processing technology of Hovenia dulcis juice and the determination method of dihydromyricetin content in the juice. [Method] A single factor experiment was used to screen the processing technology of Hovenia dulcis juice, and the decoction method and extraction method were compared. The crushing particle size, water addition amount and soaking time were examined. The determination method of dihydromyricetin content in Hovenia dulcis juice was established and methodological studies were conducted. [Result] The Hovenia dulcis juice obtained by the extraction method had a good taste, with the crushing particle size of 8 mesh sieves, the water addition amount of 1.3-1.5 times and the soaking time of 18 hours. The determination method for dihydromyricetin content was as follows: chromatographic column was Ajilent HC-C18, mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid solution: acetonitrile 18: 82, flow rate was 1 mL/min, detection wavelength was 290 nm, column temperature was 30 °C, injection amount was 10 µL. [ Conclusion] The juice processing technology is simple and feasible, the juice has a good taste and is easy to achieve industrial production. The determination method of dihydromyricetin content has high accuracy, precision and specificity, this provides a basis for the formulation of quality standards for Hovenia dulcis juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microscopic identification method was used to preliminarily identify the external shape and internal organizational structure of simmered Radix Puerariae from Sichuan, Anhui and Hubei Provinces. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to identify the main active ingredient puerarin in simmered Radix Puerariae, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the puerarin content, the content and differences of the active ingredient puerarin in simmered Radix Puerariae from three producing areas were compared and analyzed. The results showed that puerarin was present in all three producing areas of simmered Radix Puerariae. The puerarin content in the samples from Sichuan region was higher than that from Anhui and Hubei regions. However, the puerarin content in simmered Radix Puerariae from different regions met the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and there was a certain correlation between the puerarin content and the producing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthonim chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts. [Methods] Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P. chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol, the ratio of material to liquid, heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors, and the content of total flavonoids as the index. A verification test was carried out. The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P. chinense Pursh. [Results] The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P. chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55% ethanol by reflux twice. Under this condition, the con-tents of total flavonoids were 3.63 %, 8.90%, 11.28%, and4.36% from stems, leaves, flowers and whole grass of P. chinense Pursh, respectively. [Conclusions] The process is reasonable, feasible and stable, and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P. chinense Pursh. The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P. chinense Pursh were quite different, and the value was higher in the leaves and flow-ers, so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P. chinense Pursh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprints of TongFu XieXia Granules (TFXXG) are established, and the contents of Emodin, Chrysophanic acid, Rhein, Aloeemodin, Physcion, Magnolol and Honokiol are simultaneously determined. The separation is performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (2. 1 mm × 150 mm, 3. 5 µm) with a gradient elution of 0. 1% aqueous phosphoric acid (A) and methanol (B) as the mobile phases, at a flow rate of 0. 4 mL/min, with the column temperature at 30 ℃, the detection wavelength at 254 nm, and the injection volume of 10 µL. The fingerprints of 10 batches of TFXXG are established, and the similarity is calculated by using the “Evaluation system for similarity of chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicines”(2012 version); the contents of Emodin, Chrysophanic acid, Rhein, Aloeemodin, Physcion, Magnolol and Honokiol are determined. The results show that a total of 25 common peaks is identified in the 10 batches of TFXXG, and the similarities are all above 0. 950; a total of 12 common peaks are identified, which are Sinapine thiocyanate, Caffeic acid, Echinacoside, Naringin, Neohesperidin, Aloeemodin, Rhein, Magnolol, Honokiol, Emodin, Chrysophanic acid and Physcion, respectively. The contents of Aloeemodin, Rhein, Magnolol, Honokiol, Emodin, Chrysophanic acid and Physcion are 0. 1244~0. 1304, 0. 4271~0. 4387, 3. 0479~3. 0853, 1. 2910~1. 3039, 0. 2427~0. 2523, 0. 7718~0. 7897 and 0. 5085~0. 5249 mg/g, respectively. The fingerprints and quantitative analytical methods constructed in this paper are reproducible and operable, and can be used to control the quality of TFXXG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method for the determination of polyphenolic compounds in the leaves of Houttuynia cordata and investigate the contribution of different compounds to the antioxidant activity by the correlation analysis. Methods: The leaves of Houttuynia cordata were extracted by ultrasonic extraction with 80% (v/v) methanol, and the content of 12 polyphenolic compounds was determined by the established HPLC-ECD method. The total phenolics content of Houttuynia cordata leaves was determined by the Folin-ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Cluster heat map and gray correlation analysis were used for multivariate statistical analysis. Results: The established HPLC-ECD method showed good linearity, precision, repeatability and stability, with an average recovery of 93.25%~103.97% and RSD value of 1.99%~4.47%. The total phenolic content of Houttuynia cordata leaves from different sources ranged from 5.98~52.86 mg GAE/g, which was significantly correlated with ABTS+, DPPH radical scavenging ability and ferric ion reduction ability (P

8 main functional components of 24 purple yam in Yunnan were analyzed, and the main nutritional and health functional components of purple yam in Yunnan were studied. The result showed that the content of starch, dietary fiber, protein, crude polysaccharide, anthocyanin, allantoin and polyphenols in Yunnan purple yam was high, while the diosgenin content was low. About this 24 purple yam, the average starch content was 23.7%, dietary fiber content was 2.42%, protein content was 2.56%, crude polysaccharide content was 0.65%, total anthocyanin content was 161.8 mg/kg, and dry samples of the content of diosgenin was 0.012 5%, allantoin was 0.75% and polyphenols was 0.23%. Anthocyanins mainly include cornflower pigment, followed by paeoniflorin, and also contain a small amount of geranium pigment, delphinium pigment and mallow pigment, basically without petunia pigment. The correlation between different functional components was not obvious, only the starch content had a very significant positive correlation with the content of crude polysaccharide and diosgenin, the dietary fiber had a significant positive correlation with the polyphenols content, and the protein had a significant positive correlation with the content of allantoin and polyphenols. The content of nutrition and health care functional components among different types was quite different, which had great potential in breeding of improved varieties. Through comprehensive evaluation of 8 functional components, 11 better types were YP3-3, LD13-1, JC1-1, LD25-6, MZ1-3, PE1, LD21-1, SXC3-2, YS5-3, YP7-1 and YP7-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative analysis of A. senticosus plants in Pingliang was conducted using trait identification and microscopic identification methods, and the content of active ingredients in the leaves of A. senticosus in Pingliang was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Trait identification showed that the leaves of A. senticosus in Pingliang were mostly elliptic obovate or oblong, the base was broadly wedged, the edge was heavily serrated, and the leaves had special aroma. Microscopic identification showed that the powder of A. senticosus leaves in Pingliang contained many amorphous pores, threaded conduits, calcium oxalate clusters, fibers and so on. The regression equations of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E had a good linear relationship, and the RSD of precision, stability and repeatability tests were all less than 5.00%. Among the three extraction methods, microwave ultrasonic-assisted extraction had the highest content of active components, the content of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E was 0.085% and 0.358%, respectively; microwave extraction method followed, with contents of 0.075% and 0.328%, respectively; the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method had the lowest content, which was 0.054% and 0.222%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the content and health risks of heavy metal elements in soil and naked oats in Zhangbei area of Hebei Province, 17 suitable sampling points were selected to collect surface soil and naked oats seed samples, and the single pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index and bioconcentration factors were used to study soil quality and migration ability of heavy metals from soil to naked oats in Zhangbei area of Hebei Province. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the soil and naked oats in the study area was far lower than the national standard, the quality was safe and healthy. The enrichment ability of heavy metal elements in the soil-naked oats system in the area was Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd>As>Pb>Cr=Hg. The enrichment coefficients of Ni, Cu and Zn were much higher than those of Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb, and the migration ability of Cd was very weak. As and Pb hardly migrate, Cr and Hg do not migrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) has a long history as a traditional Chinese medicine that is astringent, beneficial to vital energy, tonifies the kidney, tranquilizes the heart, etc. Significantly, Schisandrol A (SA) is extracted from S. chinensis and shows surprising and satisfactory biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protection, and antitumor properties, among others. SA has a more pronounced protective effect on central damaged nerves among its numerous pharmacological effects, improving neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's through the protection of damaged nerve cells and the enhancement of anti-oxidant capacity. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that SA has a pharmacokinetic profile with a rapid absorption, wide distribution, maximal concentration in the liver, and primarily renal excretion. However, hepatic and intestinal first-pass metabolism can affect SA's bioavailability. In addition, the content of SA, as an index component of S. chinensis Pharmacopoeia, should not be less than 0.40%, and the content of SA in S. chinensis compound formula was determined with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which is a stable and reliable method, and it can lay a foundation for the subsequent quality control. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the preparation, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic properties, and content determination of SA with the goal of updating and deepening the understanding of SA, as well as providing a theoretical basis for the study of SA at a later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present report was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, and selective analytical method for the determination of methamphetamine in an odor-adsorbent material (gauze) which was used to improve and standardize the training method used for drug-detection animals. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed using a Spherisorb ODS2 C18 column (200 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase consisting of a 0.25% methanol/triethylamine aqueous solution (V:V = 20:80), the pH of which was adjusted to 3.1 using glacial acetic acid, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 °C, and the detection of the analytes was performed at a wavelength of 260 nm. Methamphetamine showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999) in the range of 4.2~83.2 mg/mL. The stability of the test material was good over 24 h. The precision of the method was good, with an average spiked recovery of 86.2% and an RSD of 2.9%. The methamphetamine content in the gauze sample was determined to be 7.8 ± 2.2 μg/sample. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was optimized and validated for the determination of methamphetamine in adsorbent materials (gauze). Validation data in terms of specificity, linearity, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification, reproducibility, precision, stability, and recovery indicated that the method is suitable for the routine analysis of methamphetamine in adsorbent materials (gauze) and provided a basis for training drug-detection animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology is the property of Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology is the property of Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective]To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of hyperin, quercetin and farrerol in Rhododendron dauricum by HPLC, and to discuss the effects of Rhododendron dauricum extract and its three main components on the relaxation of rat tracheal smooth muscle and the mechanism. [Method] The contents of hypericin, quercetin and farrerol in Rhododendron dauricum were determined by HPLC and the methodology was investigated. Rat tracheal rings were obtained by in vivo air tube perfusion method, and fixed in a Mack’s bath. The tracheal rings were pre-incubated with chlorphenamine, indometacin, glibenclamide, L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), nifedipine and propranolol. After the tension of the tracheal ring stabilized, 60 mmol/ L KCl solution was added to shrink the tracheal ring. The relaxation experiment of tracheal ring by Rhododendron dauricum was conducted to observe the changes of tracheal smooth muscle tension in rats. [Result] The investigation results of the HPLC determination method for three main components in Rhododendron dauricum showed that the linear relationship between the three components was good in the range of 2-80 μg / mL. The average recovery rates were 100. 3% (RSD = 2. 63%) of hypericin, 102. 7% (RSD= 2. 89%) of quercetin and 102. 1% (RSD= 2. 36%) of farrerol. The diastolic effects of the extract and the three main components of Rhododendron dauricum in the incubated tissue of indometacin, glibenclamide and propranolol were not significantly different from those in the unincubated group. The diastolic effects of Rhododendron dauricum and hypericin in the tissues incubated with chlorphenamine, L-NAME and nifedipine were significantly different from those in the unincubated tissues. This phenomenon may be achieved through inhibition of histamine H1 receptors, nitric oxide synthase pathways, and calcium channel mediated calcium influx. [Conclusion] The established method is simple, accurate, and can quickly determine the content of hypericin, quercetin and farrerol in Rhododendron dauricum, providing an effective analytical means for quality evaluation and control. In addition, these three components are related to the effect of diastolic trachea of Rhododendron dauricum L., and can be used as a theoretical basis for the development of bronchodilators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish method for simultaneous determination of hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The column was Agilent PorosheⅡ 120 ECC18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 4 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The column temperature was 35℃. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 284 nm. Results The methodological verification showed that hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol had a good linearity (r≥0.999 9). The precisions were less than 2.0%. The average recovery was between 98.0% and 101.9%. The stability and repeatability of RSD were also less than 3.0%, which met the requirements of method validation. Conclusion The method is simple, stable, reproducible and accurate, which could be used to the quality control of Chunyang Zhengqi capsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the distribution characteristics and health risk status of heavy metals in Houttuynia cordata in Zunyi City, the Hg, Se and Zn contents in Houttuynia cordata in the local market were measured. The distribution differences of Hg, Se and Zn in roots and underground stems of Houttuynia cordata were analyzed, and the health risk of residents consuming Hg, Se and Zn through Houttuynia cordata was preliminarily evaluated using the target hazard coefficient (THQ) and total target hazard coefficient (TTHQ). The results showed that the contents of Hg, Se and Zn in roots were 10, 21 and 4 times higher than those in rhizomes, respectively. The levels of Hg and Zn in underground parts of Houttuynia cordata were lower than the national limit values (0.01 and 20 mg/kg). The contents of Se in 16 samples exceeded the national limit values (0.1 mg/kg), accounting for 80% of all samples. The THQ and TTHQ of Hg, Se, and Zn consumed by residents in Zunyi City through consumption of Houttuynia cordata were all less than 1, indicating a lower health risk, with Se being relatively higher. The estimated weekly intake values for Hg and Zn were also less than the provisional tolerable weekly intake value (4,7000 µg/kg). Due to the strong enrichment ability of Houttuynia cordata to both Hg and Se in soil, more attention should be paid to health risk of Hg and Se for residents in Zunyi City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To establish a HPLC method determinate seven sesquiterpenes in different parts of Ligularia fischeri. [Method] Chromatographic column was Kromasil C18(4. 6 mm)×250 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase was acetonitrile water (40 ∶ 60); column temperature was 35 ℃ ;detection wavelength was 240 nm; injection volume was 10 μL. [Result] The linearity of seven sesquiterpenes was good in the range of their mass concentration (R²≥0. 999 0); the average recovery rates were 95. 18%-97. 61%, RSDs were 0. 41%-1. 60%. The content of seven sesquiterpenoids detected in different parts of the root, stem and leaf of Ligularia fischeri were significantly different. The content and kinds of compounds in roots were higher than that in other parts. [Conclusion] The method was fast, simple and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Ligularia fischeri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study sought to evaluate and validate a method for chemical composition analysis and content determination of Goupi plaster components, a conventional prescription preparation of traditional Chinese medicine. This is geared toward providing a basis for quality control research and future development of Goupi plaster. Methods: UPLC–Q-Exactive-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the chemical components of Goupi plaster from different manufacturers in positive and negative ion modes. UPLC–MS/MS method was used to establish the determination methods for the detection of sinomenine, osthole, and cinnamaldehyde in Goupi plaster from different manufacturers. Results: A total of 291 chemical components were identified in Goupi plaster from four manufacturers, including 97 chemical components with known source and pharmacological activity. Further, we determined the contents of sinomenine, osthole, and cinnamaldehyde. Conclusion: In summary, the UPLC–Q-Exactive-MS method was used to analyze the chemical components of Goupi plaster from different manufacturers. We established the UPLC–MS/MS method to determine the contents of sinomenine, osthole, and cinnamaldehyde in Goupi plaster from different manufacturers. The findings indicated that the method was comprehensive, rapid, and accurate, preliminarily revealing the material basis of Goupi plaster and providing a reference for follow-up development of Goupi plaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]