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The aim was to explore potential explanatory factors for the three dimensions of willingness to intervene in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women: police or personal involvement and noninvolvement. N = 280 students at a Spanish university (78.20% women) from the fields of educational, community, and interventions responded to a survey including the Willingness to Intervene in cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and the Acceptance of Myths About Intimate partner Violence Against Women scales. Bivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions demonstrated that IPV experience implied greater personal involvement, while the higher the myth acceptance, the lower the probability of calling law enforcement. The likelihood of not intervening decreased with some IPV experience and training and lower myth acceptance. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance in developing bystander interventions.

Civic engagement is crucial in order to uphold democratic societies, however there is growing concern about a progressive decrease in youth sociopolitical participation and the existence of socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and therefore, an unequal distribution of political power. This study analyzes the influence of family socioeconomic level—both directly and indirectly through social concerns—on the adolescents’ expected sociopolitical participation as adults, from a gender perspective. The sample included 4,448 adolescents 13 to 18 year old, selected through random multistage sampling stratified by conglomerates. Results showed family material affluence to have a limited direct influence on expected sociopolitical participation, however a significant indirect impact through their concerns about social issues. Adolescents with a low socioeconomic level were more concerned about social issues, and therefore had higher expectations of socio-political participation than adolescents with a high socioeconomic level. In addition, these effects were similar for both boys and girls. Understanding how family socioeconomic status influences adolescent civic engagement and how these inequalities are reproduced among boys and girls will aid in designing interventions that promote knowledge and opportunities for participation—especially among the more disadvantaged groups—, which can reduce gender and socioeconomic gaps.

The morphology and void connectivity of thin films grown by a magnetron sputtering deposition technique at oblique geometries were studied in this paper. A well-tested thin film growth model was employed to assess the features of these layers along with experimental data taken from the literature. A strong variation in the film morphology and pore topology was found as a function of the growth conditions, which have been linked to the different collisional transport of sputtered species in the plasma gas. Four different characteristic film morphologies were identified, such as (i) highly dense and compact, (ii) compact with large, tilted mesopores, (iii) nanocolumns separated by large mesopores, and (iv) vertically aligned sponge-like coalescent nanostructures. Attending to the topology and connectivity of the voids in the film, the nanocolumnar morphology was shown to present a high pore volume and area connected with the outside by means of mesopores, with a diameter above 2 nm, while the sponge-like nanostructure presented a high pore volume and area, as well as a dense network connectivity by means of micropores, with a diameter below 2 nm. The obtained results describe the different features of the porous network in these films and explain the different performances as gas or liquid sensors in electrochromic applications or for infiltration with nanoparticles or large molecules.

[EN] Anti-fouling coatings are a common solution for the protection of porous building materials from the effects of microbial colonization over their functionality and durability. Usually, this is achieved through the incorporation of biocides or the passive control by reducing bioreceptivity. Superhydrophobic surfaces are considered a promising strategy due to their reported capacity for reducing cell adhesion, but their affinity to non-polar substances may decrease their effectiveness under the right circumstances (e.g. organic contamination, cell walls with hydrophobic domains). The combination of these surfaces with active biocides may compensate these drawbacks, however, a close contact with the microorganisms is necessary to promote their effect.This work studies the factors that determine the anti-fouling capacity of a coating, tested on porous building materials, that combines superhydrophobic surface with a nanostructured Ag/SiO2 biocide agent. Special attention is paid to understanding to which extent the cell-surface interactions modulate the initial cell attachment to the surface and the biocidal effect. To this end, the electrostatic forces and surface energy balance were considered using different reference bacteria and a yeast. The results indicate that the hydrophobic character of the surface favors the cell attachment and the biocide agent may be unable to fully compensate this effect for all microorganisms. In addition, changes in micro and nano roughness seem to play an equally significant role. Overall, this study aims to provide a theoretical and experimental insight to assist in the future design of anti-fouling coatings tailored to the organisms responsible of fouling processes.

Traction force microscopy (TFM) allows to estimate tractions on the surface of cells when they mechanically interact with hydrogel substrates that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). The field of mechanobiology has a strong interest in using TFM in 3D in vitro models. However, there are a number of challenges that hamper the accuracy of 3D TFM and that are often bypassed. In this study, the computational efficiency and accuracy of TFM, referred to traction reconstruction from synthetically generated (control) ground truth solutions, are assessed from four different perspectives: magnitude of cellular pulling force (and hence strain level achieved in the hydrogel), effect of the complexity of the cellular morphology, accuracy and computational efficiency of forward vs inverse traction recovery methods, and the effect of incorrectly selecting a constitutive model that describes the behavior of the ECM (i.e. linear/nonlinear). The main results showed: (i) traction reconstruction is more challenging for complex cell morphologies, (ii) there is no significant impact of the magnitude of cellular pulling force on the overall reconstruction accuracy, and (iii) modeling a nonlinear hydrogel with a linear constitutive model leads to non-negligible errors (up to 80% and 30% for forward and inverse methodologies, respectively) in traction reconstruction. This study expands the characterization of the accuracy and efficiency of 3D TFM, highlighting important factors to be considered in future 3D TFM in vitro applications.

Background and objectives: Blood vessels form a network of capillaries throughout the body that perform essential functions for life. Vasculogenesis, i.e. the formation of new blood vessels, is regulated by many factors, biochemical ones being among the most important. However, others such as the biomechanical influence on shape, organization and structure of vessel networks require further investigation. In this paper, we develop a 3D agent-based mechanobiological model of vasculogenesis with the aim of analyzing how the mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects vasculogenesis. Methods: For this purpose, we consider a growing domain composed of different cells: tip cells, which are the driving cells located at the end of the vessels and stalk cells, which are found in the interior of the vascular network. ECM is considered as particles (agents) that surround the growth of the vascular network. Depending on the cell type, different sets of forces are considered, such as chemotactic, mechanical, random and viscoelastic forces among others. Results: The growth of the network is iteratively analyzed and updated at each time step based on a mechanically-driven proliferation rule. The influence of different biomechanical factors, such as ECM stiffness or viscoelasticity are explored through in silico simulations. A number of indicators are defined along the algorithm, like number of cells, branches, tortuosity and anisotropy, in order to compare topological differences of the vascular network during vasculogenesis under different ECM conditions. The obtained results are qualitatively compared with other related works in the literature. Conclusions: The present study sheds some light and partially explain, from an in silico perspective, the role of ECM mechanics on vasculogenesis. The main conclusions of this work are: (i) increased stiffness increases proliferation, (ii) the network tends to migrate towards stiffer areas, and (iii) increased viscoelasticity dec

In this paper, we consider the family of planar piecewise linear differential systems with two zones separated by a straight line without sliding regions, that is, differential systems whose flow transversally crosses the switching line except for at most one point. In the research literature, many papers deal with the problem of determining the maximum number of limit cycles that these differential systems can have. This problem has been usually approached via large case-by-case analyses which distinguish the many different possibilities for the spectra of the matrices of the differential systems. Here, by using a novel integral characterization of Poincaré half-maps, we prove, without unnecessary distinctions of matrix spectra, that the optimal uniform upper bound for the number of limit cycles of these differential systems is one. In addition, it is proven that this limit cycle, if it exists, is hyperbolic and its stability is determined by a simple condition in terms of the parameters of the system. As a byproduct of our analysis, a condition for the existence of the limit cycle is also derived.

This paper deals with fundamental properties of Poincaré half-maps defined on a straight line for planar linear systems. Concretely, we focus on the analyticity of the Poincaré half-maps, their series expansions (Taylor and Newton–Puiseux) at the tangency point and at infinity, the relative position between the graph of Poincaré half maps and the bisector of the fourth quadrant, and the sign of their second derivatives. All these properties are essential to understand the dynamic behavior of planar piece wise linear systems. Accordingly, we also provide some of their most immediate, but non-trivial, consequences regarding periodic orbits

The increasing limitations in the use of fossil fuels due to their limited availability and pollution have increased the use of renewable energies and storage systems for electricity generation. To achieve the goals of the integration of renewable energy, sizing and management methods for hybrid plants are needed to make investments profitable and attractive in these resources. This work presents an optimization method for the sizing and operation of hybrid plants with storage, choosing the best combination of technologies based on resource availability, installation costs and market prices, maximizing an economic index such as the net present value. One of the main contributions of this work is to reduce the oversizing that occurs in traditional methods through a penalty term for lost energy, encouraging investment in batteries to store excess energy above the point of interconnection (POI). In addition, it is intended to cover gaps such as the operation in coupled markets with different execution periods to maximize the benefits of the investment made and to contemplate different generation alternatives together with storage. The presented method is tested through sizing and operation simulations to demonstrate its potential. The presented method is tested through sizing and operation simulations to demonstrate its potential. In scenario A, the best combination of solar energy, photovoltaic energy and storage, is chosen. In scenario B, it is shown how the curtailment of the oversizing is reduced in some months by more than 5%. In scenario C, for daily operation in coupled markets, it is possible to improve the benefits from 0.7% to 37.04% in the days of the year.

Esta obra muestra cómo los productos discursivos (institucionales, publicitarios, políticos, mediatizados en redes sociales, e, incluso, artísticos) crean un ima­ginario que no solo determina la visión de un grupo social, sino que llega a condicionar su propia consideración identitaria y su comportamiento, así como el de aquellos con los que interactúa. La heterogeneidad de los trabajos que conforman el volumen responde a la transversalidad necesaria para abordar un aspecto sociocomunicativo que precisa de una revisión a todos los niveles implicados (el lingüístico, el comunicativo, el sociocultural y el psicosocial). Con esta obra se quiere contribuir al conocimiento del funcionamiento del discurso y de la repercusión que tiene en la configuración de la imagen de la mujer, en general, y de la mujer andaluza, en particular, y en la fijación de unos presupuestos que, hoy más que nunca, han de ser desenmascarados.

Reinaldo Arenas, escritor cubano, representa el infierno inquisitorial de la Cuba castrista al que tuvieron que enfrentarse las personas homosexuales, convertidas en disidentes en una perpetua peripecia vital e intelectual. Para los teóricos del Partido Socialista Popular (PSP) la homosexualidad era el resultado de la decadencia burguesa; así quienes no siguieran la heteronorma eran relegados/as a la condición de sujetos subalternos, condenados a una especie de muerte en vida o "insilio"; siendo, incluso, destinados/ as a los campos de las UMAP (Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción) para ser «reeducados/ as». Este trabajo toma como estudio de caso la representación audiovisual de la figura de Arenas a través del análisis de tres obras audiovisuales, con objeto de identificar y analizar la relación del régimen castrista con la homosexualidad. Se aplica un análisis textual, usando las herramientas metodológicas de la Narrativa y la Teoría Queer, sobre los documentales Conducta impropia (Mauvaise conduite, Almendros y Jiménez Leal, 1983) y Seres extravagantes (Zayas, 2004) y sobre el filme Antes que anochezca (Schnabel, 2000), basado en el último libro de Arenas, autobiográfico y póstumo. Reinaldo Arenas es sin duda un ejemplo de la discriminación a los homosexuales en Cuba, de la que él fue víctima., Reinaldo Arenas, a Cuban writer, represents the inquisitorial hell of Castro's Cuba that many homosexuals had to face, turned into dissidents with a perpetual vital and intellectual vicissitudes. For the theorists of the Popular Socialist Party (PSP) homosexuality was the result of bourgeois decadence; thus, those who did not follow the heteronorm were relegated to the condition of subordinate subjects, condemned to a kind of death in life or insilement; being, even, destined to the fields of the UMAP (Military Units of Assistance to the Production) to be «reeducated». This work takes as a case study the figure of Arenas through the representation of him in three audiovisual works, in order to identify and analyze the relationship of the Castro regime with homosexuality. A textual analysis is applied, using the methodological tools of Narrative and Queer Theory, on the documentaries Conducta impropia (Mauvaise conduite, Almendros and Jiménez Leal, 1984) and Seres Extravagantes (Zayas, 2004) and on the film Before Night Falls (Schnabel, 2000), based on the last book by Arenas, autobiographical and posthumous. Reinaldo Arenas is undoubtedly an example of the discrimination against homosexuals in Cuba, of which he was a victim.

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo principal analizar la representación del pintor andaluz y activista queer José Pérez Ocaña en dos largometrajes de naturaleza documental, Ocaña, retrato intermitente (Ocaña, retrat intermitent, Ventura Pons, 1978) y Ocaña, la memoria del sol (Juan José Moreno, 2009). Nacido en un pueblo sevillano, Ocaña adquiriría popularidad en Barcelona como performer queer y como icono anarquista de resistencia al franquismo durante los años de la Transición. Se parte en este trabajo de un análisis de la representación de Ocaña como personaje con una identidad masculina disidente en los documentales citados, aplicándose una metodología de análisis textual audiovisual del personaje en el que se comparan ambos documentales (dimensiones física, psicológica, socioeconómica, etc.). Aunque los dos discursos analizados giran en torno a Ocaña y toda la información es coherente con el objetivo de describirlo, representarlo o evocarlo, varía la focalización sobre el mismo, dada la naturaleza de cada documental y sus condicionantes de producción. Puede concluirse que el análisis del protagonista de los documentales descubre un personaje redondo y complejo, capaz de sumar rasgos de su cultura de origen, fuertemente ligada a las expresiones folclóricas andaluzas, con la libertad que abrazaría a su llegada a Barcelona., The main objective of this paper is to analyze the representation of the Andalusian painter and queer activist José Pérez Ocaña in two documentaries, Ocaña, retrato intermitente (Ocaña, retrat intermittent, Ventura Pons, 1978) and Ocaña, la memoria del sol (Juan José Moreno, 2009). Born in a Sevillian town, Ocaña would become popular in Barcelona as a queer performer and as an anarchist icon of resistance to Francoism during the years of the Transition. This paper is based on a analysis of the representation of Ocaña as a character with a dissident male identity in the selected documentaries, applying a methodology of audiovisual textual analysis of the character in which both documentaries are compared (physical, psychological, socioeconomic dimensions, etc.). Although the two discourses analyzed revolve around Ocaña and all the information is consistent with the objective of describing, representing, or evoking him, the focus on him varies, due to the nature of each documentary and its production conditions. It can be concluded that the analysis of the main character of the documentaries reveals a round and complex character, able to add features of his culture of origin, strongly linked to Andalusian folkloric expressions, with the freedom that he found on his arrival in Barcelona.

To improve the energy efficiency and performance of buildings, it is essential to understand the factors that influence indoor thermal comfort. Through an extensive analysis of various variables, actions can be developed to enhance the thermal sensation of the occupants, promoting sustainability and economic benefits in conditioning systems. This study identifies eight key variables: indoor air temperature, mean radiant temperature, indoor globe temperature, CO2, age, outdoor temperature, indoor humidity, and the running mean temperature, which are relevant for predicting thermal comfort in Mediterranean office buildings. The proposed methodology effectively analyses the relevance of these variables, using five techniques and two different databases, Mediterranean climate buildings published by ASHRAE and a study conducted in Seville, Spain. The results indicate that the extended database to 21 variables improves the quality of the metrics by 5%, underscoring the importance of a comprehensive approach in the analysis. Among the evaluated techniques, random forest emerges as the most successful, offering superior performance in terms of accuracy and other metrics, and this method is highlighted as a technique that can be used to assist in the design and operation or control of a building’s conditioning system or in tools that recommend adaptive measures to improve thermal comfort.

Several models from the literature were used to predict the fatigue limit in notched components subjected to biaxial cyclic loading. The predictions of these models are based on the elastic stresses along a line which is considered to be representative of the crack direction in its initial part. The line used in the models changes considerably. For one of the studied models, the line direction corresponds to Mode I, while for another it is Mode II, and for the other two models considered the direction is between Mode I and Mode II. However, quite naturally, the experimental crack direction is unique. In recent years, a study of experimental fatigue limits and crack directions in its initial part for three materials was carried out in hollow cylindrical specimens with a circular hole subjected to cyclic axial, torsional and in-phase biaxial loading. The directions of the cracks that were measured experimentally are on average similar for the three materials and close to Mode I. The analysed models give, in general, good predictions of the experimental fatigue limits, although they use directions that are completely different and that they too differ markedly from the experimentally found ones. The predictions of the models using, in a forced way, the measured experimental directions are good in most cases, which reveals a surprising insensitivity of these models to the main hypotheses on which their own formulations are based.

The unexpected failure of pipes is a problem that is hitting the water networks of many cities around the world. Nowadays, many proposals based on the use of machine learning techniques are emerging to combat this problem. However, most studies focus their efforts on predicting failures in short time periods, usually a year, while longer time period predictions would be more valuable to address strategic decisions.In this study, the use of multi-label classification techniques is proposed to simultaneously predict pipe failures in water supply systems for multiple years. For this purpose, three models (discriminant analysis, logistic regression and random forest) and different prediction time periods (one, two and three years) have been analysed. As multi-label data require specific quality metrics and sampling techniques, part of this work is dedicated to their exploration and discussion.The models are evaluated on a real-world seven-year database, achieving successful results. An insightful analysis of the use of the methodology shows how the percentage of avoided pipe failures increases over time. In fact, it is demonstrated that 30.2%, 51.4% and 54.0% of the pipe failures of three consecutive years are avoided according to data from a real network.

In many modern micromechanical applications, there is usually a need to perform the orientational averaging of certain material tensors weighted by an orientation distribution function (ODF). The computation of these averages is seen to be very simplified by means of the so-called generalized spherical harmonic method (GSHM), which is based on the classical assumption that the ODFs are defined in the rotation group . A priori, this makes the averaging strictly applicable only to polycrystals with crystallite symmetry defined by one of the 11 proper point groups. Despite the interest in the study of materials belonging to any of the other 21 point groups, few studies have properly considered such cases. This is crucial for physical properties represented by odd-order tensors such as the third-order linear piezoelectric tensor. The goal of this work is to extend the applicability of the GSHM to crystallites with symmetry that belongs to the orthogonal group . Thus, a simple formula is provided for the averaging of material tensors of any rank in textured polycrystals containing crystallites with symmetry defined by any of the 32 crystallographic point groups. Our work presents a simple yet rigorous method for indirect averaging on the orthogonal group, using averaging on . We demonstrate the full equivalence between our proposed method and averaging properly on through a detailed proof provided in this paper. This proof represents a significant contribution to the field, providing a practical and reliable approach for researchers working with crystalline materials. The results reported here confirm the validity of closed-form expressions previously derived by the authors for piezoelectric materials.

La participación de los estudiantes en debates, búsqueda de información, etc., sobre asuntos sociopolíticos, la eficacia política interna y las expectativas sociopolíticas de participación son indicadores de compromiso cívico adolescente. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la Participación comunicativa sociopolítica de los adolescentes de España en las Expectativas de participación sociopolítica, de forma directa y a través de la Eficacia política interna según el género. Esta investigación basada en el proyecto “Barómetro OPINA” fué transversal y participaron 4711 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron tres escalas que medían los indicadores de compromiso cívico propuestos. Se realizaron comparaciones de media, un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y un análisis de invarianza según el sexo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de Expectativas de participación sociopolítica y Eficacia política interna. El modelo mostró buenos indicadores de ajuste sin efectos de mediación e invarianza según el sexo. Establecer debates sociopolíticos con familiares y amigos o ver noticias explica las creencias que tienen los jóvenes sobre cómo influir en la política y cómo intervenir en un futuro en situaciones que beneficien a su comunidad., Students’ participation in debates with family and friends on socio-political issues, internal political efficacy, and socio-political expectations of participation are indicators of adolescent civic engagement. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the socio-political communicative participation of adolescents in Spain on the expectations of socio-political participation, directly and through internal political efficacy according to gender. This research is based on the “OPINA Barometer” project, which was a cross-sectional study and involved 4711 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. The instruments used were three scales that measured the proposed indicators of civic engagement. Mean comparisons, a model of structural equations and an analysis of invariance according to gender were performed. The results obtained showed significant differences in the scores of expectations of sociopolitical participation and internal political efficacy. The model showed good adjustment indicators without effects of mediation and invariance according to gender. The study concludes that socio-political debates with family and friends or watching news explains the beliefs young people have about how to influence politics and how to intervene in the future in situations that benefit their community., A participação dos estudantes em debates com a família e amigos sobre questões que têm a ver com a política ou com a sociedade, a eficácia política interna e as expectativas sociopolíticas de participação são indicadores de envolvimento cívico adolescente. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da participação sociopolítica comunicativa de adolescentes em Espanha sobre as expectativas de participação sociopolítica, direta e através da eficácia política interna em conformidade com o género. Esta investigação baseada no projeto ""BARÓMETRO OPINA"" foi um estudo transversal e envolveu 4711 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram três escalas que mediram os indicadores propostos de envolvimento cívico. Foram realizadas comparações médias, um modelo de equações estruturais e uma análise da invariação em relação ao género. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças significativas nas expectativas de participação sociopolítica e de eficácia política interna. O modelo mostrou bons indicadores de ajustamento sem efeitos de mediação e invariação em conformidade com o género. O estudo conclui que debates sociopolíticos com a família e amigos ou as notícias explicam as crenças que os jovens têm sobre como influenciar a política e como intervir no futuro em situações que beneficiam a sua comunidade.

Physical fatigue is not only an indication of the user’s physical condition and/or need for sleep or rest, but can also be a significant symptom of various diseases. This fatigue affects the performance of workers in jobs that involve some continuous physical activity, and is the cause of a large proportion of accidents at work. The physical fatigue is commonly measured by the perceived exertion (RPE). Many previous studies have attempted to continuously monitor workers in order to detect the level of fatigue and prevent these accidents, but most have used invasive sensors that are difficult to place and prevent the worker from performing their tasks correctly. Other works use activity measurement sensors such as accelerometers, but the large amount of information obtained is difficult to analyse in order to extract the characteristics of each fatigue state. In this work, we use a dataset that contains data from inertial sensors of several workers performing various activities during their working day, labelled every 10 min based on their level of fatigue using questionnaires and the Borg fatigue scale. Applying Machine Learning techniques, we design, develop and test a system based on a neural network capable of classifying the variation of fatigue caused by the physical activity collected every 10 min; for this purpose, a feature extraction is performed after the time decomposition done with the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The results show that the proposed system has an accuracy higher than 92% for all the cases, being viable for its application in the proposed scenario.

La irrupción de la tecnología smartphone en el campo de la fotografía ha provocado profundas convulsiones en el consumo, creación y difusión de las imágenes. Este sector, como ningún otro, ha tenido severas reformulaciones en la última década: la muerte de la fotografía réflex analógica a manos de la digital (DSLR), y la muerte de esta, a su vez, a mano de los smartphones, todo con el trasfondo de la sociedad red. Esa situación merece una profunda reflexión académica. Para nuestra investigación se ha diseñado una metodología basada en un total de 361 estudiantes de las asignaturas de fotografía de las facultades de comunicación de Andalucía (Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Málaga y Universidad de Granada). Se ha escogido Andalucía por ser la comunidad autónoma con más habitantes de España, por lo que las facultades de Comunicación andaluzas tienen mucho peso en el panorama académico español y, además, posee lazos evidentes con Latinoamérica, lo cual es una de las señas de la universidad pública andaluza. Ello nos ha permitido, por un lado, tomar conciencia sobre cómo se relacionan estos estudiantes de comunicación con el medio fotográfico en la actualidad (luego de la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior), pero, sobre todo, a partir de ese diagnóstico, nos ha permitido articular, en plena era Covid-19, una propuesta pedagógica de la enseñanza de la fotografía en el contexto educativo universitario que se ha implantado en el curso 2020/21 en la universidad pública de Cádiz, y cuya implantación se aprobó el curso anterior. Una nueva encuesta midió el grado de satisfacción por parte del alumnado. Se ha tratado de una propuesta de praxis pensada para la alfabetidad visual del alumnado (capacidad de interpretar y crear imaginarios a partir del estudio del lenguaje visual). Este ejercicio de creatividad es competencia fundamental para la práctica del oficio de la comunicación., The irruption of smartphone technology in the field of photography has caused profound disruption in the consumption, creation and dissemination of images. This sector, like no other, has undergone severe reformulations in the last decade: the death of SLR photography at the hands of digital (DSLR) photography, and the death of the latter, in turn, at the hands of smartphones, all with the background of the network society. This situation deserves a deep academic reflection. A methodology based on a total of 361 students of photography subjects of the Andalusian communication Faculties (Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Málaga and Universidad de Granada) has been designed for this research. Andalucía has been chosen because it is the autonomous community with more inhabitants in Spain, which is why the Andalusian Communication Faculties have a lot of weight in the Spanish academic scene and, in addition, it has obvious links with Latin America, which is one of the hallmarks of the Andalusian public university. This has given the possibility, on the one hand, to become aware of how these communication students relate to the photographic medium today (after the implementation of the European Higher Education Area) but, above all, based on this diagnosis, it has allowed to articulate, in the middle of the COVID-19 era, a pedagogical proposal for the teaching of photography in the university educational context that has been implemented in the 2020/21 academic year at the public Universidad de Cadiz, and whose implementation was approved the previous academic year. A new survey measured the degree of student satisfaction. It has been a proposal of praxis designed for the visual literacy of students (ability to interpret and create imageries from the study of visual language). This exercise in creativity is a fundamental competence for the practice of the communication profession.

Este trabajo aborda el estudio del Proyecto Scipio, aplicación para teléfonos móviles impulsada por la Junta de Andalucía (dentro de su plataforma Espacios Junta) que permite al visitante del Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica (Sevilla) simular un viaje al pasado y conocer cómo eran sus lugares emblemáticos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar y describir la herramienta tecnológica y su viabilidad en espacios abiertos. La naturaleza metodológica de este trabajo es eminentemente comparativa y descriptiva, al tratarse de una nueva herramienta digital. Los resultados recogen que el software analizado aloja contenidos en realidad virtual y aumentada, así como recreaciones 3D en 360º del Anfiteatro, donde se ha reconstruido virtualmente el interior del coliseo, de tal forma que el visitante puede ver cómo eran las gradas y la arena. El recorrido por la Casa de los Pájaros recrea el vestíbulo, el peristilo y otras estancias. Ambos son dos de los espacios más emblemáticos de la antigua ciudad romana de Itálica. Este tipo de tecnologías logra una mejor interpretación del conjunto, así como el enriquecimiento del visitante. Del mismo modo, constituye una nueva vía para el fomento del turismo cultural basada en vivir la experiencia a través de la tecnología., The proposal of this article is the study of the Scipio Project, an application for mobile phones promoted by the Junta de Andalucía (within its Espacios Junta platform) that allows visitors to the Archaeological Ensemble of Itálica (Seville) to simulate a trip to the past and learn what their places were like. The main objective of this work is to analyze and describe the technological tool and its viability in open spaces. The methodological nature of this work is eminently comparative and descriptive, as it is a new digital tool. The results show that the analyzed software hosts content in virtual and augmented reality, as well as 360º 3D recreations of the Amphitheater, where the interior of the coliseum has been virtually reconstructed, in such a way that the visitor can see what the stands and the arena were like. The tour of the House of the Birds recreates the hall, the peristyle and other rooms. Both are two of the most emblematic spaces of the ancient Roman city of Itálica. This type of technology achieves a better interpretation of the whole, as well as the enrichment of the visitor. In the same way, it constitutes a new way to promote cultural tourism based on living the experience through technology.

The extent of the cell voltage hysteresis observed in polarization curves of PEM fuel cells and the origins causing this effect are investigated by performing experimental polarization curves with different dwell times for a 50 cm2 PEM fuel cell. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements are carried out in order to determine the relative contributions of the different polarizations (ohmic, activation, and concentration polarization). Equivalent circuits were obtained from the impedance spectra, where the interpretation of the circuit parameters enabled the analysis of the origin and extent of the cell voltage hysteresis. It was identified that the cause of the cell voltage hysteresis is actually dominated by the changes in the concentration polarization at low current densities, and by the changes in the activation polarization at high current densities. The cell ohmic resistance (and consequently the membrane hydration) presents a minor effect on the cell voltage hysteresis. The effect of the dwell time in the cell voltage hysteresis (with values ranging from 15 to 25 mV) presents a mixed trend, with an initial decrease for increasing dwell times from 120 to 600 s, and a later increase and a final almost constant hysteresis for longer dwell times.

There remains an open question about the usefulness and the interpretation of machine learning (ML) approaches for discrimination of spatial patterns of brain images between samples or activation states. In the last few decades, these approaches have limited their operation to feature extraction and linear classification tasks for between-group inference. In this context, statistical inference is assessed by randomly permuting image labels or by the use of random effect models that consider between-subject variability. These multivariate ML-based statistical pipelines, whilst potentially more effective for detecting activations than hypotheses-driven methods, have lost their mathematical elegance, ease of interpretation, and spatial localization of the ubiquitous General linear Model (GLM). Recently, the estimation of the conventional GLM parameters has been demonstrated to be connected to an univariate classification task when the design matrix in the GLM is expressed as a binary indicator matrix. In this paper we explore the complete connection between the univariate GLM and ML-based regressions. To this purpose we derive a refined statistical test with the GLM based on the parameters obtained by a linear Support Vector Regression (SVR) in the inverse problem (SVR-iGLM). Subsequently, random field theory (RFT) is employed for assessing statistical significance following a conventional GLM benchmark. Experimental results demonstrate how parameter estimations derived from each model (mainly GLM and SVR) result in different experimental design estimates that are significantly related to the predefined functional task. Moreover, using real data from a multisite initiative the proposed ML-based inference demonstrates statistical power and the control of false positives, outperforming the regular GLM.

Physical fatigue is not only an indication of the user’s physical condition and/or need for sleep or rest, but can also be a significant symptom of various diseases. This fatigue affects the performance of workers in jobs that involve some continuous physical activity, and is the cause of a large proportion of accidents at work. The physical fatigue is commonly measured by the perceived exertion (RPE). Many previous studies have attempted to continuously monitor workers in order to detect the level of fatigue and prevent these accidents, but most have used invasive sensors that are difficult to place and prevent the worker from performing their tasks correctly. Other works use activity measurement sensors such as accelerometers, but the large amount of information obtained is difficult to analyse in order to extract the characteristics of each fatigue state. In this work, we use a dataset that contains data from inertial sensors of several workers performing various activities during their working day, labelled every 10 min based on their level of fatigue using questionnaires and the Borg fatigue scale. Applying Machine Learning techniques, we design, develop and test a system based on a neural network capable of classifying the variation of fatigue caused by the physical activity collected every 10 min; for this purpose, a feature extraction is performed after the time decomposition done with the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The results show that the proposed system has an accuracy higher than 92% for all the cases, being viable for its application in the proposed scenario.

Este artículo analiza la trayectoria de Mi Colegio, editada en el Colegio salesiano de Utrera, entre 1942 y 1945, años decisivos en la conformación del ideario franquista y de redefinición del papel de España en el orden internacional. Este estudio de caso permite clarificar un modelo de revista salesiana que difiere del jesuítico por sus rasgos periodísticos, sus líneas temáticas preferentes y su finalidad divulgativa. El análisis de contenido permite comprender si la revista responde al modelo educativo salesiano y clarificar la propuesta de persona del centro salesiano en el marco de la posguerra. A partir de un enfoque interpretativo e integrador y atendiendo a los textos publicados accederemos al nuevo modelo de ciudadano que trata de forjarse, con un proyecto de vida acorde con los principios nacionales del Movimiento: patriotismo y catolicidad. Esto nos permitirá señalar los referentes culturales, religiosos e históricos que configuran la propuesta educativa-cívica sobre la que pretende asentarse la reconstrucción nacional., This article analyzes the trajectory of Mi Colegio, published in the Salesian College of Utrera, between 1942 and 1945, decisive years in the conformation of the Franco ideology and redefinition of the role of Spain in the international order. This case study allows to clarify a model of Salesian magazine that differs from the Jesuit by its journalistic features, its preferred thematic lines and its informative purpose. The content analysis allows to understand if the magazine responds to the Salesian educational model and to clarify the proposal of person of the Salesian center in the framework of the postwar period. Based on an interpretative and integrative approach and based on the published texts, we will access the new model of citizen that seeks to be forged, with a life project in accordance with the national principles of the Movement: patriotism and catholicity. This will allow us to point out the cultural, religious and historical references that shape the educational-civic proposal on which the national reconstruction intends to be based.

En el presente trabajo nos aproximaremos al complejo y dinámico contexto histórico de la Sevilla de la primera mitad del XVI, cuando la actividad comercial y financiera adquieren cotas nunca antes conocidas en Europa, gracias a las ingentes posibilidades de transacciones propiciadas por el Nuevo Mundo. Los protagonistas de aquel impulso vital, tanto españoles como de otros puntos de Europa, resultan parcialmente conocidos. Día a día surgen nuevos ejemplos del prototipo de «hombre de negocios con Indias». Alonso de Oviedo, aquí analizado, ayuda a comprender con más amplitud el espacio temporal, humano y económico indicado. Su perfil sobrepasa las constantes habituales de esta tipología, pues añade a su dedicación mercantil, una actividad artística muy vinculada al desarrollo económico mencionado, como es el arte de la platería, también explorado en estas líneas. La relación con el negocio de perlas y aljófar encaja dentro de uno de los capítulos que mayor interés despertaron en la sociedad europea de la época, asociado al lujo y al misterio de los mares y tierras lejanas. La investigación parte de abundante documentación inédita procedente del Archivo General de Indias y Archivo Histórico Provincial, ambos de Sevilla, With this work, we will approach the complex and dynamic historical context of the first half of 16th-century Seville, when commercial and financial activity acquired dimensions never seen before in Europe thanks to the emerging possibilities of transactions in the New World. The protagonists of this vital impulse, the Spaniards as well as those from other points in the continent, are only partially known. Day after day, new examples of the «man of business with the Indies» appear. Alonso de Oviedo, who is analysed here, helps us to understand in a broader way the temporal, human and economic space indicated. His profile goes beyond the clichés of this typology, as it adds to his dedication to business, an artistic activity very much connected with the economic development mentioned, such as the art of silverwork, also explored in these lines. The relationship with the businesses of pearls and seed pearls fits within one of the chapters of most interest in the European society of the time, associated with luxury and the mystery of faraway lands and seas. The starting point of this research is a large number of unknown documents from the Archivo General de Indias (General Archive of the Indies) and Archivo Histórico Provincial (Provincial Historical Archive), both from Seville, Ce travail propose une approche au complexe et dynamique contexte historique de la Séville de la première moitié du XVIe siècle, lorsque l’activité commerciale et financière acquièrent quotas inouïes, grâce aux possibilités de transactions ouvertes par le Nouveau Monde. Les protagonistes d’un tel élan vital, des espagnols et des gens d’ailleurs, s’avèrent peu connus. Tous les jours surgissent des exemples du prototype de l’ «homme d’affaires avec les Indes». Alonso de Oviedo, analysé ici, nous aide à mieux comprendre l’espace temporal, humain et économique en question. Son profil dépasse les traits communs de cette typologie, car il ajoute à son activité mercantile une activité artistique liée au développement économique: l’argenterie. Le rapport avec le marché de perles répond à un engouement propre à l’Europe de cette époque, un marché associé au luxe et au mystère des mers et des terres lointaines. Cette recherche se sert des documents inédits conservés dans l’Archivo General de Indias et l’ Archivo Histórico Provincial, à Séville

[EN] As pollutants and fuel consumption requirements become more constraining, new internal combustion engines generation arise to fulfill future automobile market regulations. In these context spark ignition (SI) engines working under hybridized structures are expected to represent one of the most viable and feasible technical approaches. In parallel to the already implemented 4-stroke turbocharged engines, new engine concepts are being conceived from their birth to meet nowadays standards. This work shows a new engine concept assessed to fit series hybrid configurations from the earliest design stages, and to fulfil requirements of the named "zero-emissions" urban areas. In this research work, a new opposed piston 2-stroke engine architecture based on rodless innovative kinematics is described. The potential of this engine is based on its compactness, absence of vibrations and simplicity, going in hand with very competitive figures in terms of power density and fuel consumption. The engine unit has been designed, assembled, and tested to analyze several performance aspects, such as gas exchange and combustion. Taking advantage of the experimental campaign, a one-dimensional (1D) gas-dynamics engine model was developed and validated. Finally, the engine model was used for analyzing several potential upgrades and results have been discussed in detail. The target has always been to improve fuel consumption figures, below the best standards in market available internal combustion engines, while keeping engine concept simplicity and building costs.

El propósito de esta contribución es presentar un proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo proporcionar un acercamiento riguroso a la documentación cubana del siglo XIX, empleando metodologías y técnicas de las Humanidades Digitales. Con este propósito, se explican los comediones sociales de Cuba y los tipos de documentos (manuscritos y prensa) que evidencian la conformación de la lengua y los referentes culturales en la época del nacimiento de un nuevo país. De esta forma, apoyamos el conocimiento de una etapa bastante desconocida de la historia de la lengua española y, en concreto, de la variación americana., The aim of this contribution is to present a research project that aims to provide a rigorous approach to 19th century Cuban documentation, using methodology and techniques of the Digital Humanities. To this end, it explains Cuba’s social changes and the types of documents (manuscripts and press) that demonstrate the configuration of the language and the cultural references at the birth of a new country. In this way, we aim to promote knowledge of such an unknown period in the history of the Spanish language and, specifically, of the American variation.

Este trabajo describe las bases metodológicas y contextuales del proyecto de investigación «Cuba y Andalucía en el siglo XIX: estudio de los lazos lingüísticos y culturales desde las Humanidades Digitales». El objetivo general es la creación y posterior tratamiento, con metodología propia de las Humanidades Digitales, de un corpus de documentación cubana del siglo XIX, su catalogación tipológica, estudio textual y análisis sociolingüístico. La originalidad de la propuesta consiste tanto en el rescate de una documentación inédita («documentos tomados al enemigo») como en el seguimiento de las ideas novedosas de la época en egodocumentos y prensa. Como resultado de todo ello se obtendrá un catálogo de rasgos variacionales cubanos y un esbozo de los conceptos y valores sociales y culturales que conforman la base de la identidad de la nueva Cuba., This paper describes the methodological and contextual bases of the research project «Cuba and Andalucía in the 19th century: a study of linguistic and cultural ties from the Digital Humanities». The general objective is the creation and subsequent treatment, with the methodology of the Digital Humanities, of a corpus of Cuban documentation from the 19th century, its typological cataloguing, textual study and sociolinguistic analysis. The originality of the proposal consists both in the rescue of unpublished documentation («documents taken from the enemy») and in the follow-up of innovative ideas of the time in ego-documents and press. The result is a catalogue of Cuban variational features and an outline of the social and cultural concepts and values that define the basis of the identity of the new Cuba. KEYWORDS: Cuba, 19th Century, Text Edition, Press, Egodocument.

Checkerboard is a typical instability in finite element (FE) simulations of bone adaptation and topology optimization in general. It consists in a patchwork pattern with elements of alternating stiffness, producing lack of convergence and instabilities in the predicted bone density. Averaging techniques have been proposed to solve this problem. One of the most acknowledged techniques (node based formulation) has severe drawbacks such as: high sensitivity to mesh density and type of element integration (full vs reduced) and, more importantly, oscillatory solutions also leading to lack of convergence. We propose a new solution consisting in a non-local smoothing technique. It defines, as the mechanical stimulus governing bone adaptation in a certain integration point of the mesh, the average of the stimuli obtained in the neighbour integration points. That average is weighted with a decay function of the distance to the centre of the neighbourhood. The new technique has been shown to overcome all the referred problems and perform in a robust way. It was tested on a hollow cylinder, resembling the diaphysis of a long bone, subjected to bending or torsion. Checkerboard instability was eliminated and local convergence of bone adaptation was achieved rapidly, in contrast to the other averaging technique and to the model without control of checkerboard instability. The new algorithm was also tested with good results on the same geometry but in a model containing a void, which produces a stress concentration that usually leads to checkerboard instability, like in other applications such as simulations of bone-implant interfaces.

Este trabajo señala los indicios de decadencia del género relacionero en el reinado de Carlos IV, partiendo del ciclo festivo sevillano de 1789. A lo largo del período se impone un modelo más noticioso que descriptivo, que permita versiones simplificadas y homogéneas de la fiesta. Las limitaciones del género, además, se ponen de manifiesto con la censura de Relaciones oficiales y la proliferación de papeles públicos de carácter crítico-satírico. Por último, el éxito de Relaciones y gacetas burlescas confirma la fortaleza del discurso crítico frente al sistema de representación barroco., This papers points out the signs of decline of the news panphlets in the reign of Carlos IV, starting from the Sevillian festive cycle of 1789. Over the period, a more news-oriented than descriptive model is imposed, allowing simplified and homogeneous versions of the public celebrations. The limitations of gender, moreover, are evidenced by the censorship of Relations and the proliferation of critical-satirical pamphlets. Finally, the success of Relations and satirical Gazettes confirms the strength of critical discourse in the face of the baroque system of representation.

Two algebraic approaches based on a discrete variable representation are introduced and applied to describe the Stark effect in the non-relativistic Hydrogen atom. One approach consists of considering an algebraic representation of a cutoff 3D harmonic oscillator where the matrix representation of the operators r 2 and p 2 are diagonalized to define useful bases to obtain the matrix representation of the Hamiltonian in a simple form in terms of diagonal matrices. The second approach is based on the U(4) dynamical algebra which consists of the addition of a scalar boson to the 3D harmonic oscillator space keeping constant the total number of bosons. This allows the kets associated with the different subgroup chains to be linked to energy, coordinate and momentum representations, whose involved branching rules define the discrete variable representation. Both methods, although originating from the harmonic oscillator basis, provide different convergence tests due to the fact that the associated discrete bases turn out to be different. These approaches provide powerful tools to obtain the matrix representation of 3D general Hamiltonians in a simple form. In particular, the Hydrogen atom interacting with a static electric field is described. To accomplish this task, the diagonalization of the exact matrix representation of the Hamiltonian is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the subspaces associated with the quantum numbers n = 2, 3 with m = 0.

Dietary fatty acids have been demonstrated to modulate systemic inflammation and induce the postprandial inflammatory response of circulating immune cells. We hypothesized that postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) may have acute effects on immunometabolic homeostasis by modulating dendritic cells (DCs), sentinels of the immunity that link innate and adaptive immune systems. In healthy volunteers, saturated fatty acid (SFA)-enriched meal raised serum levels of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF (SFAs > monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) = polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)) in the postprandial period. Autologous TRL-SFAs upregulated the gene expression of DC maturation (CD123 and CCR7) and DC pro-inflammatory activation (CD80 and CD86) genes while downregulating tolerogenic genes (PD-L1 and PD-L2) in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). These effects were reversed with oleic acid-enriched TRLs. Moreover, postprandial SFAs raised IL-12p70 levels, while TRL-MUFAs and TRL-PUFAs increased IL-10 levels in serum of healthy volunteers and in the medium of TRL-treated moDCs. In conclusion, postprandial TRLs are metabolic entities with DC-related tolerogenic activity, and this function is linked to the type of dietary fat in the meal. This study shows that the intake of meals enriched in MUFAs from olive oil, when compared with meals enriched in SFAs, prevents the postprandial production and priming of circulating pro-inflammatory DCs, and promotes tolerogenic response in healthy subjects. However, functional assays with moDCs generated in the presence of different fatty acids and T cells could increase the knowledge of postprandial TRLs’ effects on DC differentiation and function.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases, including hypertensive eye diseases. The beneficial effects of olive oil on cardiovascular diseases might rely on minor constituents. Currently, very little is known about the chemical composition and/or therapeutic effects of the cultivated olive tree’s counterpart, wild olive (also known in Spain as acebuche—ACE). Here, we aimed to analyze the antioxidant and retinoprotective effects of ACE oil on the eye of hypertensive mice made hypertensive via administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), which were subjected to a dietary supplementation with either ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for comparison purposes. Deep analyses of major and minor compounds present in both oils was accompanied by blood pressure monitoring, morphometric analyses, as well as different determinations of oxidative stress-related parameters in retinal layers. Aside from its antihypertensive effect, an ACE oil-enriched diet reduced NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity/gene/protein expression (with a major implication of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 isoform) in the retinas of hypertensive mice. Supplementation with ACE oil in hypertensive animals also improved alterations in nitric oxide bioavailability and in antioxidant enzyme profile. Interestingly, our findings show that the use of ACE oil resulted in better outcomes, compared with reference EVOO, against hypertension-related oxidative retinal damage.

This work introduces a set of analytical expressions that simplify the procedure for obtaining closed-form formulas to estimate the effective piezoelectric properties of polycrystalline aggregates formed by crystals of all the 21 non-centrosymmetrical classes, with arbitrary textures. These expressions are derived from the orientational averages of third-order piezoelectric tensors of individual crystals, weighted by orientational distribution functions. The averaging employs generalized spherical harmonic series expansions. Improvements over previous works are notable in two main aspects: all crystal symmetries are considered, and no symmetry restrictions are imposed on the texture. The versatility of the introduced expressions is demonstrated through an example of BaTiO3 polycrystals with uniaxial and biaxial textures characterized by single and double Gaussian distributions, respectively. The results for uniaxial texture align perfectly with those published in the literature, while the biaxial texture is discussed in detail and analyzed for a set of limiting cases.