Search

Submitted by Bruno Bernar Da Silva (brunobernar26@gmail.com) on 2020-11-06T18:11:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Produto_Bruno Bernar da Silva_Repositório.pdf: 7217653 bytes, checksum: e2e449ce13078c2bda271c9c021441a9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2020-11-09T20:16:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_bb_me_bauru.pdf: 7217629 bytes, checksum: 2057dee691ca4280074e85d9706fc3ed (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-09T20:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_bb_me_bauru.pdf: 7217629 bytes, checksum: 2057dee691ca4280074e85d9706fc3ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-06-29 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O presente estudo buscou identificar os problemas que marcam os docentes, em especial, os professores de Educação Física, nos diferentes ciclos de vida profissional, revelando, assim, as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por eles. Esta análise foi produzida em três etapas: a primeira evidenciou o conhecimento, a categorização e a comparação das diferentes revisões a respeito dos estudos dos ciclos de vida na carreira; a segunda realizou a discussão da problemática da Educação Física no contexto escolar e a terceira se remeteu à pesquisa propriamente dita. Essa última, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa e foi realizada com 30 Professores de Educação Física da Educação Básica, da Rede Municipal de Barretos/SP, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, na qual os dados coletados (relatos) foram selecionados e agrupados por similaridade entre os itens “Problema” e “Enfrentamento”, explorados e analisados a partir de unidades de registro com subcategorias. Os resultados apontaram que os professores pesquisados (iniciantes, experientes e em encerramento da carreira) enfrentaram problemas relacionados à formação, ao isolamento social; à falta de infraestrutura; às questões pedagógicas, à indisciplina, ao vínculo profissional, a não valorização e a falta de incentivo. A análise realizada apontou que os problemas pedagógicos podem ser observados do início até o encerramento da carreira e que os docentes se apoiaram em diferentes ações/estratégias para os enfrentar: isolamento do professor; importância do outro, mudança de prática e postura, cursos de Aperfeiçoamento e formação, uso da comunicação e tecnologia, bem como alteração do vínculo profissional. Ademais, a análise demonstrou que os cursos de aperfeiçoamento e formação são considerados como estratégias de enfrentamento aos problemas vivenciados em todos os ciclos da carreira. Compreendendo que os professores se utilizam de várias estratégias para enfrentamento de problemas ao longo de toda sua trajetória profissional, sejam eles professores em início, experientes ou encerramento de carreira. Sendo evidente à necessidade de políticas públicas mais eficazes para melhoria de questões a todo ciclo dos professores. This study aimed to identify the problems that marked the teachers, in particular, P.E. teachers, in the several professional life cycles, so revealing the strategies of confrontation used by them. This analysis was produced in three stages: first, we emphasize the knowledge, the categorization andcomparison of different reviews about the life cycles in career studies; second, we discuss the problematic of Physical Education in the school context, and third, there is the research itself. This last stage is defined as a qualitative research and it was taken with 30 teachers of Physical Education from the Basic Education, of Municipal Network of Barretos/SP, with a semi structured interview, in which the collected data (reports) were selected and grouped by similarity between the items "Problems" and "Confrontation", explored and analyzed from the unities of register with subcategories. The results point that the teachers (beginners, experts and in end of career) confronted problems related to formation, to social distance; to lack of infrastructure; to pedagogic issues, to indiscipline, to professional bond, to non-valorization and lack of incentive. The analysis pointed that the pedagogic problems can be observed from the career's beginning until the end and that the teachers supported each other in the following actions/strategies to confront them: teacher's isolation; the other's value, change of practice and posture, improvement and formation courses, use of technology and communication, as well as changes in the professional bond. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated that the improvement and formation courses are considered confrontation strategies to problems lived in all the career cycles. In the end we presented proposals directed to this research's public, aiming to help solve the problemsobserved. Thus, this dissertation aimed to present the essence of the Physical Education teacher, as an individual who makes mistakes and strikes, who lives with the problems and tries to solve them.

El presente artículo pone de manifiesto cómo las nuevas políticas laborales en Colombia, en el marco del modelo neoliberal, generan un panorama de incertidumbre en los profesionales de la educación, quienes deben hacer uso de diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento para minimizar el estrés producido por los factores de riego psicosocial a los cuales se ven expuestos. Objetivo: Describir e interpretar los resultados del trabajo y su relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento en docentes, desde las actuales condiciones de la gestión pública en Colombia. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa de tipo descriptiva. Hallazgos: Las condiciones laborales en Colombia son cada vez más precarias; los docentes están expuestos a unas circunstancias profesionales que afectan su calidad de vida y aumentan sus niveles de estrés. Frente a este escenario, las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas por ellos son: conformismo, reevaluación positiva, búsqueda de alternativas y reacción agresiva. This article shows how the new labor policies in Colombia, within the framework of the neoliberal model, generate a panorama of uncertainty in education professionals who must use different confrontation strategies to minimize the stress produced by the factors of psychosocial risk to which they are exposed. Objective: To describe and interpret the results of the work and their relationship with the confrontation strategies in teachers, from the current parameters of the Colombian public management. Methodology: This is a qualitative-descriptive research of interpretative type. Findings: Working conditions in Colombia are increasingly precarious. Teachers are exposed to professional circumstances that affect their quality of life and increase their stress levels. Facing this scenario, the most used confrontation strategies are: conformism, positive reevaluation, search for alternatives and aggressive reaction.

This article shows how the new labor policies in Colombia, within the framework of the neoliberal model, generate a panorama of uncertainty in education professionals who must use different confrontation strategies to minimize the stress produced by the factors of psychosocial risk to which they are exposed. Objective: To describe and interpret the results of the work and their relationship with the confrontation strategies in teachers, from the current parameters of the Colombian public management. Methodology: This is a qualitative-descriptive research of interpretative type. Findings: Working conditions in Colombia are increasingly precarious. Teachers are exposed to professional circumstances that affect their quality of life and increase their stress levels. Facing this scenario, the most used confrontation strategies are: conformism, positive reevaluation, search for alternatives and aggressive reaction.

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017 The following/present paper has a double objective. On the one hand it pretends to explore the confrontation strategies of how the teachers motivate the students that know but don´t want to learn as well as to identify the supports they have to mitigate this problem. On the other hand to detect the barriers or deficiencies that can hinder the teacher´s action/performance and propose some improving actions based on the deficiencies detected. The simple is formed by 13 teachers of 2 different schools among the ones a wide vary of primary education tutors of different levels and specialist of the physical education branch are included. The analysis of the data has been carried out from an inquiry based on the Quality Model Educational (MOQES) proposed by Doménech (2006, 20012, 2013, 2014). The final results of the surveys are collected into the tables structured by the 7 items the ones the survey is formed from. After having collected and statistically analyzed all the data ,can be concluded that those support the MOQES model since teachers show certain expectations of success and active thinking focused on the problem that is reaffirmed with a high percentage of high motivated students. Apart has been studied which are the supports used to modify positively the motivational level of students and the obstacles that difficult this work in the E/A process. Finally, a deficiencies improving plan has been settled down from the deficiencies detected to help the teachers with the difficulties/obstacles these can have in the class. El presente trabajo propone un doble objetivo, por una parte explorar las estrategias de afrontamiento de los docentes para motivar a aquellos alumnos que pueden pero que no quieren aprender, así como identificar los apoyos con los que cuentan para mitigar este problema, y por otra parte detectar las barreras o deficiencias que pueden dificultar la actuación docente, y proponer algunas acciones de mejora en base a las deficiencias detectadas. La muestra está formada por 13 docentes de dos colegios diferentes entre los que se incluyen tutores de educación primaria de todos los niveles y docentes especialistas en la rama de educación física. El análisis de los datos se ha realizado a partir de un cuestionario basado en el Modelo de Calidad Situación Educativa (MOCSE) planteado por Doménech (2006, 2012, 2013, 2014). Los resultados de las encuestas están recogidos en tablas estructuradas por 7 ítems de los cuales está formada la encuesta. Tras la obtención de los resultados y su análisis estadístico podemos concluir que estos respaldan el modelo (MOCSE), puesto que los profesores presentan unas expectativas de éxito y pensamiento activo centrado en el problema que se ve reafirmado con un alto porcentaje de alumnos motivados. Además se han estudiado cuales son los apoyos utilizados para modificar positivamente el nivel motivacional de los alumnos y las barreras que dificultan esta tarea en el proceso de E/A. Por último, se ha establecido un plan de mejora a partir de las deficiencias detectadas con el fin de aportar un poco de luz a las dificultades/barreras/obstáculos que puedan tener los docentes en sus aulas.

Background and Objectives. The psychological impact of hospitalization on patients admitted for a long period is variable and it´s shown as an answer to stress and on how ill the hospitalized patient is. The objective of this investigation was to determine the main psychological disturbances and to design a protocol to know how to handle long-stay patients at the hospital. Patients and Method. In this investigation were applied tools such as the Anxiety inventory, Characteristic-status depression inventory and Sandin&Chorot strategies of confrontation test. We conduct a descriptive type study, guided by the annalistic empiric paradigm, quantity cut, non-experimental design, with a population of 50 patients and a sample of 15, non-probabilistic sample, intentional type, inclusion and exclusion criteria from the investigation were taken into account. Results. Among the most relevant aspects found, were discovered prominent depressive status, anxiety, low opened emotional expression, high positive reevaluation, which is very relevant to handle all long-stay patients at the hospital. Conclusions. Long-stay hospitalization is normally connected to the individual´s detachment of its natural environment, which can generate on patient states of sadness, anxiety and to trigger negative effects such as low emotional expression. These characteristics can be useful as a guide for health professionals, and we so, we design a model of more effective protocol, which would help the patient to face, in a better way, all the difficulties presented in the hospital field. Antecedentes y Objetivo. El impacto psicológico de la hospitalización en los pacientes ingresados en larga estancia es variable y se muestra en respuesta al estrés y en el desempeño del rol de enfermo del paciente hospitalizado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar las principales alteraciones psicológicas que sufren estos pacientes, y diseñar un protocolo para su manejo. Material y Método. Empleamos instrumentos como el Inventario de ansiedad, el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado y el Cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento Sandin y Chorot. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo, guiado por el paradigma empírico analítico, corte cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, con una población total de 50 pacientes y una muestra de 15, muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo intencional, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propios de la investigación. Resultados. Entre los aspectos más relevantes encontrados marcados estados depresivos, ansiedad rasgo, baja expresión emocional abierta, y alta reevaluación positiva,que es de vital importancia, para el manejo de estos pacientes con larga estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones. Según los datos de nuestro estudio, la larga estancia hospitalaria se relaciona generalmente con el desprendimiento del individuo de su medio natural, que puede generarle estados de tristeza, ansiedad y desencadenar efectos negativos como la baja expresión emocional. Estas características pueden servir de guía a los profesionales de la salud, por lo que presentamos un diseño de protocolo de manejo efectivo que ayude al paciente a afrontar mejor las dificultades que se le presentan en el ámbito hospitalario.

Se evalúa la efectividad de un Taller Psico-Educativo orientado a padres con hijos víctimas de primeros episodios psicóticos. El Taller persigue promocionar estrategias de afrontamiento frente a la patología, reducir estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los padres para incidir en el tratamiento del joven. Investigación realizada en el marco del Programa "Tratamiento de Personas desde el Primer Episodio de Esquizofrenia", de la Salud Pública chilena. Estudio explicativo, en base a un diseño pre-experimental, con medidas pre y post intervención en un grupo. Muestra no probabilística e intencionada de 55 padres, distribuidos aleatoriamente en 5 talleres de 12 sesiones cada uno. Los resultados señalan la utilización de estrategias de afrontamiento activas, planificadas, controlando la emoción y uso de actividad preferentemente cognitiva; además, disminución de la ansiedad, el estrés e indicadores depresivos en los padres. Se concluye en la importancia de incorporar la temática de las estrategias de afrontamiento por parte de los padres en los talleres psicoeducativos, sobre todo en la etapa inicial del trastorno. The effectiveness of a Psycho-Educational Workshop oriented to parents with children undergoing first psychotic episodes is evaluated. The Workshop is aimed at promoting strategies for confronting the pathology, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in the parents, to produce an effect on the treatment of the youngsters. This research was done in the framework of the "Treatment of People from the First Episode of Schizophrenia" Program of Chilean Public health. It is an explicative study based on a pre-experimental design, with pre- and post- intervention measurements with a non-probabilistic and intentional sample of 55 parents distributed randomly in five workshops of 12 sessions each. The results show the use of planned active confrontation strategies, controlling emotion and using preferentially cognitive activity, also achieving decreased anxiety, stress, and depression indicators in the parents. It is concluded that it is important to incorporate the theme of confrontation strategies by the parents in the psychoeducational workshops, particularly in the initial stage of the disorder.

Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati učestalost vršnjačkog nasilja osvećivanjem kao negativne, nasilne i nepoželjne strategije sučeljavanja među učenicima osnovne škole. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 104 učenika petih i 100 učenika osmih razreda. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da stariji učenici (oko 30%) učestalije prakticiraju osvećivanje nego mlađi (oko 19%) te da ispitani dječaci, u odnosu na djevojčice, češće pribjegavaju osvećivanju, što se pokazalo značajnijim samo kod mlađih učenika. Naime, nema statistički značajnih razlika glede učestalosti osvećivanja unutar spola ispitanih učenika 8. Razreda, s tim da su dječaci značajnije od djevojčica spremniji prijetiti osobi s kojom su u sukobu. Škola, kao odgojno-obrazovna ustanova, potencijalna je scena na kojoj svoju dramu odigravaju nasilnici i žrtve nasilja. Od velike je važnosti prepoznati i zaustaviti vršnjačko nasilje. To podrazumijeva pružiti pomoći djeci koja trpe nasilje i djeci koja ga čine, ali i djeci koja su promatrači, svjedoci nasilja., The aim of this paper is to examine the prevalence of peer violence among primary school students, where revenge is used as a negative, violent, and undesirable confrontation strategy. The research included 104 fifth grade and 100 eighth grade students. The results obtained demonstrated that older students practice revenge more frequently (by app. 30%) than the younger ones (app. 19%). Besides, when compared to girls, examined boys resort to revenge more frequently, which was found to be more significant only with younger students. Namely, there are no significant differences statistically with regard to the prevalence of revenge among examined eighth grade students of the same gender. However, boys tend to threaten the person they are in conflict with more frequently than girls. As an institution of education, school presents a likely setting in which bullies and their victims play their respective roles. It is of utmost importance to recognize and prevent peer violence. This necessitates providing help to children who are victims of violence as well as to children practicing it. It also includes those who only observe, or witness violence.

Davno je znanstveno dokazana veza između interpersonalne komunikacije i kvalitete prilagodbe. Znati komunicirati znači prilagoditi svoju komunikaciju određenoj situaciji, određenim partnerima, određenim ciljevima, a sve to u kontekstu određenih etičkih načela. Cilj je ovog rada ispitati učestalost verbalne agresije kao socijalno neprihvatljive i nasilne strategije rješavanja sukoba. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 104 učenika petih, 100 učenika osmih te 100 učenika završnih razreda srednje škole. Rezultati su pokazali da verbalna agresija odrastanjem proporcionalno raste i da su djevojčice u prosjeku više prosocijalno orijentirane od dječaka, odnosno kada su u sukobu, one uglavnom manje koriste različite obrasce verbalne agresije, osim kada su u pitanju prepiranja/svađe i vikanje. Osim dobi i spola, na kvalitetu komunikacije utječu i drugi činitelji kao što su iskustvo, emocionalni odnosi, očekivanja, individualne potrebe, strahovi, povjerenje. Suvremene društvene znanosti razvile su različite tehnike uspješnog sučeljavanja i nenasilnog komuniciranja koje se mogu uvježbavati od najranijeg djetinjstva u obitelji, vrtiću, školi i socijalnom okruženju, stoga ih treba više prakticirati, vrednovati i razvijati., The link between interpersonal communication and the quality of adjustment was scientifically proved long time ago. Being able to communicate requires adjustment of one's communication skills to particular situations, partners, and objectives, all the while communicating within a context of certain ethical principles. The aim of the paper was to examine the incidence of verbal aggression as a socially unacceptable and violent conflict-solving strategy. The research included 104 fifth grade students, 100 eighth grade students and 100 high-school seniors. The results demonstrated that as children grow up, the verbal aggression increases correspondingly. In addition, girls proved to be more pro-socially oriented than boys on average, which means that when in conflict, they resort to various patterns of verbal aggression less frequently, except in cases of bickering/quarrelling and yelling. Apart from age and gender, there are other factors that also affect the quality of communication, such as experience, emotional relationships, expectations, individual needs, fears, and trust. Contemporary social sciences have developed an array of techniques of successful confrontation and non-violent communication that can be practiced from the early childhood in the family, kindergarten, school and social environment. Therefore, they should be practiced, valued and developed more.

Antecedentes y Objetivo: El impacto psicológico de la hospitalización en los pacientes ingresados en larga estancia es variable y se muestra en respuesta al estrés y en el desempeño del rol de enfermo del paciente hospitalizado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar las principales alteraciones psicológicas que sufren estos pacientes, y diseñar un protocolo para su manejo. Material y Método: Empleamos instrumentos como el Inventario de ansiedad, el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado y el Cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento Sandin y Chorot. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo, guiado por el paradigma empírico analítico, corte cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, con una población total de 50 pacientes y una muestra de 15, muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo intencional, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propios de la investigación. Resultados: Entre los aspectos más relevantes encontrados marcados estados depresivos, ansiedad rasgo, baja expresión emocional abierta, y alta reevaluación positiva,que es de vital importancia, para el manejo de estos pacientes con larga estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Según los datos de nuestro estudio, la larga estancia hospitalaria se relaciona generalmente con el desprendimiento del individuo de su medio natural, que puede generarle estados de tristeza, ansiedad y desencadenar efectos negativos como la baja expresión emocional. Estas características pueden servir de guía a los profesionales de la salud, por lo que presentamos un diseño de protocolo de manejo efectivo que ayude al paciente a afrontar mejor las dificultades que se le presentan en el ámbito hospitalario.