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Stephanie Collins' book, "Organizations as Wrongdoers: From Ontology to Morality," explores the concept of organizations as moral agents and their responsibility for wrongdoing. Collins defines an organization as a collective agent that coordinates labor through rules and hierarchical command relations. She argues that organizations are real and have agency, which makes them blameworthy for their actions. However, there are challenges in attributing blame to organizations, such as the role of individual members and power dynamics within organizations. Collins' theory requires further examination of the epistemic and political inequalities that exist in real organizations to properly attribute blame. [Extracted from the article]

Carceral recycling—a system of camp-based waste labor—was instrumental to the Judeocide. Tracing the connections between resource fetishism and ideas about cleanliness, this article shows that waste utilization lay at the heart of a destructive matrix that exploited camp and prison labor in the service of racial purification and imperial expansion. The Nazi regime imagined itself as resource poor and spaceless and accordingly mined junk and people rather than land in a desperate attempt to close the energy cycle and squeeze annihilative capacity out of forced labor and waste products. As an extreme form of securitization infrastructure, the landscape of prisons and camps manifested the Nazi paranoia about the existential threat that Jews and biosocial others supposedly posed in distinct locations of forced labor and murder. An extraction machine, the camp complex served a crucial economic function in an empire that did not distinguish between junk and jewels. Grounding this story in the history of carcerality, imperial extraction, and discard studies, this article draws attention to the dynamic relationship among ideas about cleanliness, security, and order that firmly ground the Nazi system of plunder and murder in the trajectory of Western imperialism and its enlightened rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of the Second World War in Europe left millions of people out of place, including Jews left in concentration camps, forced laborers in the huge Nazi work camp system, and many Germans as well. For roughly a million of these people, no immediate return to their home countries was possible, and the United States—although very slowly—ultimately resettled the largest number of them. One important thread in these US efforts was the intent to make the resettlement program a fully national one. Those efforts are seen most clearly in states that would not at that time have been obvious destinations for displaced persons, or at least not obvious destinations for relatively large numbers of them. This article examines three states—North Dakota, Minnesota, and Mississippi. The resettlement program may not have been fully coherent in policy goals, including veering sharply at times from the original humanitarian intent. Yet the program worked well on its own terms and set a new standard for state and local involvement in resettlement that has continued through the major surges of refugees to the United States since then, including recent efforts on behalf of those from Afghanistan and Ukraine. This US experience of refugee resettlement through a flexible federal/state/local system, with strong involvement from both public and private sectors, remains a crucial experiment in resettlement and a reminder of the ways refugee and immigration policies and programs are intertwined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty years after the beginning of the transition in Argentina and 50 years after the Chilean coup d'état, this article analyzes the sexual violence against women implemented in clandestine detention centers (CDCs) as political, terrorist, and genocidal violence. Through a qualitative approach to the testimonies of former political prisoners, this paper aims to understand sexual violence against women in the experiences of concentration camps as a specific form of violence within the framework of conservative reconstructions of the civil-military dictatorships in Argentina and Chile. This violence, which was a total patriarchal act, not only sought to punish and discipline “deviant” female militants, but also to harm militant men. Likewise, it was established as a permanent threat against female detainees and a way of suppressing change and subjective, cultural, and social subversions, which, in parallel or as part of the political experience, developed in the countries of the Latin American Southern Cone. It is argued that sexual violence is a form of terrorism and genocide, since it projects terror into a specific group of the population and seeks to annul the possibility of being a woman when she breaks with the sacralized mandates of the patriarchal order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese immigration to the U.S. began in the late 1800s. Japanese immigrants and later their children were mostly engaged in agriculture; however, some owned nurseries and gardening or landscaping businesses. Following the outbreak of World War II, most Japanese and Japanese Americans were sent to one of ten incarceration camps, one of which was Amache, in the High Plains of Colorado. Inmates there planted trees and created hundreds of gardens to improve its stark institutional landscape. These gardens were located in the front of individual barracks and other public spaces. They formed the most significant landscape element within the camp and helped Japanese inmates retain their identities during wartime. This study focuses on two Japanese-style gardens created in the public spaces of barracks Blocks 6H and 12F in the Amache incarceration camp. Framed by archival research on professional gardener associations and the Japanese language section of the camp newspaper, it explores the significance of these Japanese-style gardens, revealing the value and role the gardens played among Japanese detainees. It also reveals the long-term impact of these gardens as a material legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study addresses the capture of Hungarian civilians by Soviet troops in Northern Transylvania during September-November 1944. Approximately 20,000 Hungarian men and boys were forcibly taken. The ages of those captured ranged from 14 to 70 years. They were deported to several forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The duration of captivity was typically four years, but in some cases, it extended to 8-9 years. The prisoners were compelled to work under harsh conditions in various mines or logging operations. During the summer, they participated in agricultural work on nearby Soviet kolkhozes. Due to the severe working conditions, acute food shortages, and lack of medical care, the prisoners became extremely debilitated. Onethird of them died in captivity. This aspect of our contemporary history was a taboo subject during the Communist era. Only the 1989 Revolution brought about significant change in this regard. This study aims to provide an overview of this tragic event, based on the author’s two decades of research. The source material for the study includes archival data, specialist books, studies, memoirs, data and articles published in contemporary press, as well as interviews with survivors, most of which were conducted by the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the interconnectedness of food and war, exploring how alimentary practices during wartime illuminate aspects of history, memory, and culture. Topics include the role of food in wartime military tactics and resistance, the use of food as a symbolic tool in historical and literary narratives, and gendered analyses of food discourse and protests during the Second World War.

The article discusses an art installation by Giuseppe Penone called Sculture di linfa, which explores the relationship between nature and culture through the use of tree trunks and leather sheets imprinted with tree bark. The artist focuses on the sensory experience rather than symbolic meaning. The article also mentions Georges Didi-Huberman's exploration of the significance of bark, particularly in relation to the birch trees at Birkenau concentration camp. Gerhard Richter's response to the Holocaust is discussed, highlighting his use of painting to capture and convey the trauma. Richter's Birkenau series, displayed at the Alte Nationalgalerie, invites viewers to reflect on the unimaginable horror of the Holocaust through the metaphor of the mirror. The text also notes the association between the word "birch" and the color red-brown in Richter's work, and mentions that the Birkenau cycle is permanently displayed in a museum near Auschwitz. [Extracted from the article]

This article scrutinises the role railways played in the existence of the German concentration camp system during the Third Reich era. Through the lens of Jewish slave labourers' experiences, I argue that the numerous daily transports of prisoners from site to site were the backbone of the SS camp system. Grounded in survivor testimonies and Nazi administrative records, this paper traces the pathways of Dutch Jewish deportees on a single deportation transport to the concentration camps and addresses the impact of the frequent displacements upon the inmates. In general, the Germans decided which detainee was sent where, yet sometimes the victims could interfere in the selection process or evade relocation to another site. The maps in this article visualise the trajectories of several Dutch Jews; they demonstrate that prisoner relocation was a common phenomenon and reveal the vast distance that inmates covered by train. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an analysis of the film "The Zone of Interest" by Jonathan Glazer, focusing on its impact and themes. The film depicts the everyday life of Rudolf Höß, the commandant of Auschwitz, and his wife, Hedwig, outside the concentration camp. It explores the contrast between the horrors of the Holocaust and the normalcy of the Höß family's existence, evoking a sense of stagnation and unresolved emotions. The article delves into the moral implications of ordinary individuals being complicit in destructive political systems and challenges the notion of Holocaust exceptionalism. It also examines the historical continuity of genocidal practices and raises questions about moral evolution since World War II. The text further explores the interconnectedness of antisemitism and Islamophobia and emphasizes the importance of critically examining history and acknowledging the destruction caused by oppressive regimes. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the ways in which simulation, mimicry and camouflage contributed to deportees' survival and allowed them to subvert Nazi oppression. The camp society seemed permeated by ritual-like, theatrical and symbolic action, which shaped human relationality and power relations. I explore simulation and camouflage as survival strategies, offering a reflection on the meaning of performing in the camps. Conceiving the Lager as a space of performance, I contend that actors constructed clandestine codes of signification, taught to each other and constantly improved, which allowed them to deceive the perpetrator, resist the dehumanizing ethos, and foster ingroup solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish prisoners deported to the Mauthausen Nazi concentration camp were treated and classified in an anomalous and problematic fashion that did not correspond to the real reasons for their detention. Thus, despite being prosecuted as Rotspaniers – 'red Spaniards' – a category initially employed to designate those Germans who had fought in the Spanish Civil War in support of the republican government, they were systematically forced to wear a blue badge that, according to the codes usually implemented in camps, classified them as 'emigrants', an equally strange category that was applied to all those Jews or political exiles who had fled Germany following the rise of Nazism but had been arrested upon their return to the country. This reality, however, was not shared by the other Spaniards distributed across the other camps in the system or by the other Rotspaniers present in Mauthausen, who were given the red badge that indicated they were political prisoners. This is the anomaly addressed by this article, which, based on study of the administrative sources at Mauthausen and thorough analysis of 'protective custody' as a legal instrument employed by the Nazi authorities to neutralize their enemies, enables us to revisit the debate and propose a new interpretative framework through which to re-evaluate the Spanish experience in the network of German camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0185-3481) is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reflects on archival, theoretical and methodological approaches to a set of prisoner registration cards from the Arolsen Archives. It argues that the cards make a unique contribution to the history of the Holocaust, which goes beyond their subjects' experiences of the camp system. While historians have employed similar documents to chart the history of Jews in the concentration camps, this article suggests methodological ways for using the cards to tell a history of Jewish life, too. It reveals how the biographical nature of the cards provides personal information for those who would otherwise be dehumanized. In so doing, it builds on Dan Stone's suggestion that it is possible to write a social history of the Holocaust using records from the Arolsen Archives, by identifying specific elements in the sources that achieve this. It also presents how digital humanities mapping tools can use data from the cards to visualize and analyse trends in their subjects' lives and in the broader Jewish experience. Finally, it acknowledges the limits of the cards as sources and identifies how – when other sources are available – they can be combined with memoirs, testimonies and post-war documentation to illuminate archival silences and reveal personal agency. For many victims of the Holocaust, however, cards like these are the only remaining trace of their lives. As a result, this article suggests innovative approaches for using Arolsen Archive material to tell a social history of the Holocaust, thus challenging preconceptions about camp documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the Xinjiang re-education camps has not led to universal condemnation of China's policies. In fact, some of the countries whose citizens are interned prefer not to press the issue at all. This has been the case of Kazakhstan, the largest Central Asian country neighbouring China. Using the concept of normative power China (NPC), this article examines via content analysis of speeches and interviews how and why the Kazakhstani government has followed the Chinese official position. The results suggest that China has been somewhat successful in exerting its normative influence amongst the Kazakhstani political elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autobiographical graphic novels have become crucial texts for understanding displacement and transnational identities. This article discusses a long-lost early example of the genre, The Voyage and Adventures of a Well-Behaved German in Kangarooland (Reise-Abenteuer eines Braven Deutschen im Lande der Kangaroo), a series of proto-comic books created circa 1918–1919 by the cartoonist C. Friedrich. A German immigrant to Australia imprisoned in an Australian internment camp during World War I, Friedrich used his self-published comics to document the routines, passions and frustrations of camp life. Drawing on recent scholarship on "POW creativity" as a conceptual lens, we argue that the transnational displacement at the heart of Friedrich's work affirms Kangarooland as a pioneering work that provides a conceptual link with later autobiographical graphic novels and which should lead scholars to question claims that autobiographical comics are an American-born genre. Its origins in displacement and transnationalism, themes that animate so many of the most renowned graphic novels of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, suggest the genre instead developed out of the ability of comics to depict transnationalism and the precarity of displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the history of Ilse Koch, a woman who worked in concentration camps during the National Socialist era. Ilse Koch was convicted by an American military tribunal and later re-convicted by German courts. It also addresses the allegations that she was in possession of objects made from human skin, although this could not be proven. Ilse Koch was the wife of an SS leader and used her position in the Buchenwald concentration camp to exert violence. The case of Ilse Koch reflects German social history and was used as a projection surface for the guilt of the Nazi regime. There were several legal proceedings against her, including in the United States, which was considered unusual. [Extracted from the article]

Care and control are concepts frequently invoked within Camp Studies, often as a means of characterizing the varied logics of institutional camps. This article builds on recent geographical literature by going beyond care and control and proposing a renewed focus on the idea of custodianship within a range of historical and contemporary camp contexts, from colonial and totalitarian concentration camps to present-day refugee camps. The notion of the camp as a custodian institution, that is, a sovereign authority whose biopolitical interventions imply both the preservation and curtailment of life, provides an effective means of apprehending the complex nature of camp governance, particularly the shifting intensity of power relations between camp management and residents. We develop this conceptual discussion via existing literature on concentration camps, before grounding our analysis in the case study of Krnjača Asylum Centre, a refugee camp along the so-called Balkan Route in Serbia. Our empirical discussion of Krnjača indicates that the concept of custodianship can be useful in understanding seemingly distinct and even contradictory modes of camp governance as part of a single coherent regime of power, from the imposition and negotiation of everyday rules and regulations to the strict containment measures put into place during COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Holocaust Bystander in Polish Culture, 1942–2015: The Story of Innocence" is a book that examines the portrayal of the Holocaust in Polish culture. The book argues that there is no innocent witness to the Holocaust and suggests that Polish society has not fully acknowledged the extent of Polish-Jewish relations during that time. The authors analyze various works of Polish culture, including movies, poems, novels, and essays, to explore the concept of being a witness to the Holocaust in Poland. The book challenges the dominant narrative of Polish innocence and highlights the active antisemitism that existed. It is a thought-provoking and important read for those interested in understanding the complexities of Polish-Jewish history. [Extracted from the article]

• We conducted a meta-analysis on 127 experimental studies of alien plant performance. • Alien plant species generally tend to have higher performance than natives. • Direction and magnitude of alien superiority depends on the performance measure. • Alien superiority depends on experimental design and number of study species. • A lack of studies on population growth limits our assessment of true superiority. Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity because of invasive alien species' high population growth rates and spread in new ranges. The inherent superiority hypothesis states that particular characteristics of alien species cause them to perform better than native species. Using a meta-analysis of 127 studies and more than 900 experimental observations comparing alien and native plant performance, we investigated, whether: (1) studies comparing alien and native performance generally support the inherent superiority hypothesis; (2) the direction and magnitude of superiority depend on the choice of performance measure; and (3) it depends on other aspects of the study design or species. We found that the inherent superiority hypothesis was overall supported, although the strength of this result depended on the chosen measure of effect size (a significant effect for the standardized mean difference SMD (Hedge's g) but not for the log response ratio LRR). Alien plant species were more likely to be found superior compared to natives if performance was measured in terms of growth, reproduction or response to natural enemies. Measuring survival or abundance was less likely to result in alien superiority, while for measurements of physiology and response to mutualists results were mixed. Furthermore, aspects of experimental design, selection and number of study species played an important role. We thus quantitatively showed across a broad range of conditions how choice of performance measure and experimental design affect the direction and magnitude of alien superiority found in small-scale studies. Furthermore, our review pointed out a lack of studies that assessed population growth as a direct determinant of true superiority. Conducting studies using performance measures relevant for superiority, while also considering other potentially important factors such as residence time, will shed more light on how common true alien superiority is and in which contexts it is to be expected. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the history of the Soviet human acclimatization project in the North and Siberia, which spanned from medical experiments in Stalin's forced labor camps to the subsequent wave of industrialization in the region. The author argues that human acclimatization in the North was a settler colonial science project aimed at facilitating Russian administrators and engineers in asserting control over the territory and its resources, while creating a new homogeneous 'indigenous population' in Siberia and the North. This envisioned population, referred to as Homo Polaris by the author, was intended to emerge through a two-way transformation: the adaptation of Indigenous peoples into Soviet ideologies and practices, and the acclimatization of settlers coming from the European part of the country to the Arctic environment. Although the administrators and medical doctors were unable to achieve this biopolitical objective, the complexities and dialogues surrounding these transformations shed light on the late Soviet settler-colonial ideologies and their impact on social life in Siberia from the 1950s to the 1980s. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of both published and archival works by scholars involved in the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the experiences of Jewish right-wing underground members who were imprisoned in detention camps in Eritrea, Sudan, and Kenya during the British Mandate rule over Palestine from October 1944 to July 1948. These 459 detainees endured harsh conditions and isolation, after being exiled without trial and denied the ability to appeal to a court. Their primary means of communication with the outside world was by correspondence. An extensive collection of letters penned by these detainees to their loved ones and to national and international institutions is housed in Israeli archives, particularly within the Jabotinsky Institute. Additionally, original newspapers and a comprehensive book compiled during their time in the camp are among the preserved materials. Remarkably, these ego documents have seen limited use in academic research. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive depiction of the isolated microcosm of culture, education, struggle, and resilience cultivated by these young Jewish men despite their uncertain condition and lack of control over their fate. This analysis relies on letters composed in real-time, subject to military censorship as well as self-restraint, to avoid causing distress to their families. These letters constitute a valuable historical resource that sheds light on a lesser-known case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

German-language concentration camp poetry has been frequently criticized for its formal failings, particularly its lack of innovation and overreliance on traditional forms. In this article, I undertake close readings of three formally conventional texts: Alfred Kittner's 'Molotschna' (composed in Obodowka, a Transnistrian extermination camp, in 1943), Fritz Löhner-Beda's 'Sonett auf das Revier im KZ-Buchenwald' (composed in Buchenwald in 1940) and Heinrich Steinitz's 'Wo bist Du, Gott?' (composed in Buchenwald between 1938 and 1942). I will demonstrate how traditional forms provided stability in the midst of extremity through their regularity, structure and link to a more stable past and identity. Moreover, I will propose that they were not simply readily available containers for the poet's suffering, but also enabled the poet to shape their individual depiction of the camps and therefore provide as valid an insight as those works which respond to extremity with fragmentation and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the first in‐depth study of the 'Deutsches Theater Liverpool', probably the most successful non‐English theatre ever on Australian soil, selling out daily performances and mounting a new production each week. The theatre's success was due in large part to its location inside the 'German Concentration Camp', the largest First World War (WWI) internment camp in Australia. In contrast to most WWI internment camps around the world, its almost six thousand 'enemy alien' internees were a mixture of civilians – most of whom called Australia home before the war – merchant sailors and naval personnel. For this diverse group of men, the theatre was more than entertainment; it was an important way to spend their time meaningfully. We argue that this meaning was strongly connected to the (re)negotiation of identity through theatre, allowing the internees to contribute to the war effort understood at the time in German public discourse as a 'Kulturkrieg', a battle for the survival of German culture. Theatre‐makers and audiences (re)engaged with their Germanness through ideas of 'Kameradschaft', German diligence and the joint duty of 'durchhalten' – 'making do'. The critical importance of female impersonation in the achievement of the theatre's cultural aims rounds out our analysis of the D.T.L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dépôt of the Police Prefecture of Paris, in the heart of the city, was one of the most important places of anti-Jewish repression in France during the Occupation. It was the hub for the deportation of almost a third of the 38,500 deportees domiciled in Paris who were not arrested by the French police during the round-ups, but even more Jews passed through the dépôt without eventually being deported. These arrests were mostly based on the justification of offences committed by Jews against French laws and German orders. From mid-1942, the dépôt gradually evolved from a platform for sorting those arrested with a view to bringing them before a French judge to the main concentration and transfer point for Jews arrested individually to the Drancy internment camp. Yet, despite its importance, the dépôt remains completely unknown. The aim of this article is to present the central role played by the dépôt in the daily anti-Jewish repression that sealed French collaboration with Nazi genocidal policies until the Liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scholars have typically studied the Nazi concentration camp system through a political and military analysis, another approach is to consider how composers depicted the Holocaust. This article places two works about concentration camps in relation to human rights issues: Hanns Eisler's German Symphony (1935-58) and his mentor Arnold Schoenberg's A Survivor from Warsaw (1947). Both compositions rely heavily on texts to communicate their message. The article integrates Mark Philip Bradley's idea about the 'global human rights imagination': how nonstate actors, such as creative artists, could contribute to discussions about human rights through their art form or profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J.M. Coetzee's Elizabeth Cos tello is about animal rights and animal Ethics. In this novel, an aging novelis t gives a series of lectures about animals and their moral s tatus. Elizabeth Cos tello takes issue with the tradition of Wes tern philosophical thought which is based on the binary opposition between reason and emotion. In Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, Olga Tokarczuk's Janina Duszejko is also an elderly woman haunted by the horror of what human beings do to animals. The present interdisciplinary s tudy -a library-based qualitative research-reviews the similarities between these two characters and aims to show that Duszejko could be seen as Cos tello's alter ego. It surveys the writers' choice of sentience over reason, the way the texts have undermined the arguments of their major characters, and the similarities between animals and prisoners of concentration camps. Findings show that Coetzee and Tokarczuk do not uphold the Wes tern tradition that divides experience into reason/emotion, masculine/feminine, jus tice/love, and public/private. In both novels, the writers avoid binary oppositions and through Cos tello and Duszejko ask the readers/audiences to open their hearts and become one with their victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tabayyun is the property of Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"A Badge of Injury: The Pink Triangle as Global Symbol of Memory" is a book that explores the re-emergence, materiality, messages, and meanings of the pink triangle as a symbol of LGBTQ+ persecution. The author, Sébastien Tremblay, examines the pink triangle's significance in Nazi Germany, the postwar Federal Republic, and across the Queer Atlantic, including the United States, Canada, France, Italy, and the Netherlands. Tremblay highlights the global entanglements of the pink triangle and its role in narratives of victimhood and activism. The book delves into various themes, such as the pink triangle's connection to the Holocaust, its use in human rights discourse, and its exploitation by commercial interests. Tremblay's research draws on diverse archival sources and literature, offering a global history approach to queer activism. The book challenges assumptions and provides nuanced perspectives on the pink triangle's historical and cultural significance. [Extracted from the article]

"World War II Camps in Jamaica: Evacuees, Refugees, Internees, Prisoners of War" by Suzanne Francis-Brown explores the history of the camps in Jamaica during World War II. The book highlights the diverse experiences of the residents, including evacuees from Gibraltar, European refugees, enemy aliens, prisoners of war, and Jamaicans detained under local regulations. It examines the social and political landscape of Jamaica before the war and the challenges posed by the introduction of a white working-class population. The book also delves into the management of the camps, the interactions between residents and the local community, and the commemoration of the camps in Jamaica today. Overall, it provides valuable insights into colonial policy, colonial encounters, and the wartime history of the Caribbean and the British Empire. [Extracted from the article]

While the Nazi war machine is best known for its use of concentration camps to exterminate vast swathes of Europe's Jewish population, more than 1.5 million other "undesirables" were executed by mobile killing squads across Eastern Europe. More recently, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) utilized similar tactics to ethnically cleanse the Levant of various racial and religious minorities, relying on an analogous form of execution. The present research note contends, building from these similarities in action, that the methods of genocide employed by ISIS are an adaptation of the tactics developed by German Einsatzgruppen in the 1940s. To argue this point, this note utilizes a comparative framework examining the mobilization, localization, preparation, execution, and burial of both groups, and posits that the similarities are the result of ideological and tactical cross-pollination between Nazis and Islamists during and after World War 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studying French women resistors, scholars have largely fought the erasure of their contributions from the record. I revisit résistante stories as narratives about clothing that mark the specificity of female resistance as well as changes in gender identity. First, I explore how women weaponized their clothing. During the war they used their dresses, underwear, and jackets to hide Resistance documents, carry bombs, and escape enemy notice. Such resistance continued to occur after women partisans were deported to Ravensbrück, a Nazi detention camp for female political prisoners. Here again clothing became an instrument of resistance. Second, I show how the sartorial choices of résistantes provide crucial evidence of their changing selves. How these women chose to clothe their bodies can help us trace how they changed as a result of their wartime activism. Résistantes' shifting views of their clothing registered profound alienation and confusion about their gendered selves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]