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5,958 results on '"Claus, R."'

1. The ADER Approach for Approximating Hyperbolic Equations to Very High Accuracy

Author

Toro, Eleuterio F., Titarev, Vladimir, Dumbser, Michael, Iske, Armin, Goetz, Claus R., Castro, Cristóbal E., Montecinos, Gino I., Demattè, Riccardo, Castro, Carlos, Editor-in-Chief, Formaggia, Luca, Editor-in-Chief, Groppi, Maria, Series Editor, Larson, Mats G., Series Editor, Lopez Fernandez, Maria, Series Editor, Morales de Luna, Tomás, Series Editor, Pareschi, Lorenzo, Series Editor, Vázquez-Cendón, Elena, Series Editor, Zunino, Paolo, Series Editor, Parés, Carlos, editor, Castro, Manuel J., editor, and Muñoz-Ruiz, María Luz, editor

Published
2024
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2. Origin of oscillatory structures in the magnetothermal conductivity of the putative Kitaev magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$

Author

Bruin, J. A. N., Claus, R. R., Matsumoto, Y., Nuss, J., Laha, S., Lotsch, B. V., Kurita, N., Tanaka, H., and Takagi, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The layered honeycomb magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has been suggested to exhibit a field-induced quantum spin liquid state, in which the reported large thermal Hall effect close to the half-quantized value still remains a subject of debate. Recently, oscillatory structures of the magnetothermal conductivity were reported and interpreted as quantum oscillations of charge-neutral particles. To investigate the origin of these oscillatory structures, we performed a comprehensive measurement of the in-plane magnetothermal conductivity $\kappa(H)$ down to low temperature (100 mK), as well as magnetization $M$, for single crystals grown by two different techniques: Bridgman and chemical vapor transport. The results show a series of dips in $\kappa(H)$ and peaks in the field derivative of $M$ located at the same fields independent of the growth method. We argue that these structures originate from field-induced phase transitions rather than quantum oscillations. The positions of several of these features are temperature-dependent and connected to the magnetic phase transitions in zero field: the main transition at 7 K and weaker additional transitions which likely arise from secondary phases at 10 K and 13 K. In contrast to what is expected for quantum oscillations, the magnitude of the structure in $\kappa(H)$ is smaller for the higher conductivity crystal and decreases rapidly upon cooling below 1 K.

Published
2022
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4. Robustness of the thermal Hall effect close to half-quantization in a field-induced spin liquid state

Author

Bruin, J. A. N., Claus, R. R., Matsumoto, Y., Kurita, N., Tanaka, H., and Takagi, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Thermal signatures of fractionalized excitations are a fingerprint of quantum spin liquids (QSLs). In the $J_{eff}=1/2$ honeycomb magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, a QSL state emerges upon applying an in-plane magnetic field $H_{||}$ greater than the critical field $H_{C2} \approx$ 7 T along the a-axis, where the thermal Hall conductivity ($k_{XY}/T$) was reported to take on the half-quantized value $k_{HQ}/T$. This finding was discussed as a signature of an emergent Majorana edge mode predicted for the Kitaev QSL. The $H_{||}$- and $T$-range of the half-quantized signal and its relevance to a Majorana edge mode are, however, still under debate. Here we present a comprehensive study of $k_{XY}/T$ in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ with $H_{||}$ up to 13 T and $T$ down to 250 mK, which reveals the presence of an extended region of the phase diagram with $k_{XY}/T \approx k_{HQ}/T$ above $H_{C2}$, in particular across a plateau-like plane for $H_{||}$ > 10 T and $T$ < 6.5 K. From 7 T up to $\sim$10 T, $k_{XY}/T$ is suppressed to zero upon cooling to lowest temperature without any plateau-like behavior and exhibits correlations with complex anomalies in the longitudinal thermal conductivity ($k_{XX}$) and magnetization around 10 T. The results are in support of a topological state with a half-quantized $k_{XY}/T$ and suggest an interplay with crossovers or weak phase transitions beyond $H_{C2}$ in RuCl$_3$.

Published
2021
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7. Vision-guided robotic automation of vat polymerization additive manufacturing production: design, calibration and verification

Author

Wenzhen Yang, Johan K. Crone, Claus R. Lønkjær, Macarena Mendez Ribo, Shuo Shan, Flavia Dalia Frumosu, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Yu Liu, Lazaros Nalpantidis, and Yang Zhang

Subjects
Vision-guided robotic system, Automation, Vat photopolymerization, Soft tooling process, Manufactures, TS1-2301
Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to present a vision-guided robotic system design for application in vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM), enabling vat photopolymerization AM hybrid with injection molding process. Design/methodology/approach – In the system, a robot equipped with a camera and a custom-made gripper as well as driven by a visual servoing (VS) controller is expected to perceive objective, handle variation, connect multi-process steps in soft tooling process and realize automation of vat photopolymerization AM. Meanwhile, the vat photopolymerization AM printer is customized in both hardware and software to interact with the robotic system. Findings – By ArUco marker-based vision-guided robotic system, the printing platform can be manipulated in arbitrary initial position quickly and robustly, which constitutes the first step in exploring automation of vat photopolymerization AM hybrid with soft tooling process. Originality/value – The vision-guided robotic system monitors and controls vat photopolymerization AM process, which has potential for vat photopolymerization AM hybrid with other mass production methods, for instance, injection molding.

Published
2023
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8. Effect on catch efficiency and bycatch by introducing an Excluder device in the trawl fishery for lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus).

Author

Ole R Eigaard, Claus R Sparrevohn, Mathias Søgaard, and Bent Herrmann

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Sampling of the North Sea trawl fishery for lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) showed that 96% of the catch weight consisted of the target species, and experimental sea trials demonstrated that the observed small bycatch percentages of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) could be significantly lowered by inserting a netting-based sorting device, an Excluder, in front of the codend. The sandeel fishery is conducted with small meshes in the codend, due to the small size and elongated body shape of this species. It is not mandatory for sandeel trawls to have any other selection devices than the small-meshed codend, and this can potentially cause problems with bycatch of unwanted species, if these are abundant on the fishing grounds. Therefore, we sampled the catch composition in this fishery and further, we compared the capture efficiency and species composition of a standard trawl, and one fitted with an additional sorting device called the Excluder. Overall, results showed small percentages of bycatch in the trips sampled and during the trials, the excluder significantly reduced the bycatches of mackerel, grey gurnard, and haddock above certain sizes. For other bycatch species results were inconclusive due to wide confidence limits affected by low bycatch numbers during the trials. The overall capture efficiency for the target species was not affected by adding the excluder in the trawl except for a significant reduction for a few semi-centimetre groups of the largest sizes of the species. These results highlight the potential of the Excluder as a bycatch reduction tool in the sandeel fishery for situations where bycatch can constitute a problem.

Published
2024
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9. Quantum Paraelectricity in the Kitaev Quantum-Spin-Liquid Candidates H$_{3}$LiIr$_{2}$O$_{6}$ and D$_{3}$LiIr$_{2}$O$_{6}$

Author

Geirhos, K., Lunkenheimer, P., Blankenhorn, M., Claus, R., Matsumoto, Y., Kitagawa, K., Takayama, T., Takagi, H., Kézsmárki, I., and Loidl, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

H3LiIr2O6 is the first honeycomb-lattice system without any signs of long-range magnetic order down to the lowest temperatures, raising the hope for the realization of an ideal Kitaev quantum spin liquid. Its honeycomb layers are coupled by interlayer hydrogen bonds. Static or dynamic disorder of these hydrogen bonds was proposed to strongly affect the magnetic exchange and to make Kitaev-type interactions dominant. Using dielectric spectroscopy, here we provide experimental evidence for dipolar relaxations in H3LiIr2O6 and deuterated D3LiIr2O6, which mirror the dynamics of protons and deuterons within the double-well potentials of the hydrogen bonds. The detected hydrogen dynamics reveals glassy freezing, characterized by a strong slowing down under cooling, with a crossover from thermally-activated hopping to quantum-mechanical tunneling towards low temperatures. Thus, besides being Kitaev quantum-spin-liquid candidates, these materials also are quantum paraelectrics. However, the small relaxation rates in the mHz range, found at low temperatures, practically realize quasi-static hydrogen disorder, as assumed in recent theoretical works to explain the quantum-spin-liquid ground state of both compounds., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020
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10. A new era for science-industry research collaboration – a view towards the future

Author

Matthew R. Baker, Nathalie A. Steins, Martin A. Pastoors, Stefan Neuenfeldt, Andries de Boer, Dirk Haasnoot, Stephanie Madsen, Johan Muller, Kobus Post, Claus R. Sparrevohn, and Mart van der Meij

Subjects
fisheries, participatory research, collaborative research, cooperative research, stakeholder involvement, industry engagement, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Direct engagement of the fishing industry in the provision and co-creation of knowledge and data for research and management is increasingly prevalent. In both the North Atlantic and North Pacific, enhanced and targeted engagement is evident. More is needed. Science-Industry collaborative approaches to developing questions, collecting data, interpreting data, and sharing knowledge create opportunities for information transfer and improved understanding of ecosystem interactions, stock dynamics, economic incentives, and response to management. These collaborations require clear communication and awareness of objectives and outcomes. These initiatives also require careful attention to conditions and interactions that foster respect, trust, and communication. Respect is critical and entails acknowledging the respective skills and expertise of both scientists and fishers. Trust is needed to build confidence in the information developed and its use. Communication is essential to maintain relationships and leverage shared insights. To assess current trends and future opportunities related to this type of engagement, we convened a networking session of research scientists, industry scientists, industry leaders, and fishers at the Annual Science Meeting of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) to address the following questions: (1) What are scientific needs that could be addressed with industry-collected data or knowledge? And (2) How can science-industry collaboration be made sustainable? Here we identify opportunities and acknowledge challenges, outline necessary conditions for respectful and sustainable collaborative research, and highlight ways to promote stakeholder involvement in developing science. We address industry concerns and solicit industry advice. We also address challenges to scientists in ensuring standards for scientific data, conflict of interest, and applying information to advise management. The discussions in this session and subsequent correspondence have led to a set of guidelines and best practices that provide a framework to advance further collaboration between industry and research science. We identify opportunities for directed engagement. We also detail potential approaches to clarify expectations and develop avenues for iterative communication and engagement to sustain collaborative efforts over time. The intent is to improve and expand data streams and contextual understanding of ecosystem processes, stock assessment, and socio-economic dynamics to the benefits of science and industry alike.

Published
2023
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13. Identification of four novel associations for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia risk.

Author

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram, Qian, Maoxiang, Studd, James B, Yang, Wenjian, Kinnersley, Ben, Law, Philip J, Broderick, Peter, Raetz, Elizabeth A, Allan, James, Pui, Ching-Hon, Vora, Ajay, Evans, William E, Moorman, Anthony, Yeoh, Allen, Yang, Wentao, Li, Chunliang, Bartram, Claus R, Mullighan, Charles G, Zimmerman, Martin, Hunger, Stephen P, Schrappe, Martin, Relling, Mary V, Stanulla, Martin, Loh, Mignon L, Houlston, Richard S, and Yang, Jun J

Subjects
Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RNA-Binding Proteins, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Risk Factors, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Child, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit, bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein, Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Genome-Wide Association Study, Epigenomics, Transcriptome, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract

There is increasing evidence for a strong inherited genetic basis of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children. To identify new risk variants for B-cell ALL (B-ALL) we conducted a meta-analysis with four GWAS (genome-wide association studies), totalling 5321 cases and 16,666 controls of European descent. We herein describe novel risk loci for B-ALL at 9q21.31 (rs76925697, P = 2.11 × 10-8), for high-hyperdiploid ALL at 5q31.1 (rs886285, P = 1.56 × 10-8) and 6p21.31 (rs210143 in BAK1, P = 2.21 × 10-8), and ETV6-RUNX1 ALL at 17q21.32 (rs10853104 in IGF2BP1, P = 1.82 × 10-8). Particularly notable are the pleiotropic effects of the BAK1 variant on multiple haematological malignancies and specific effects of IGF2BP1 on ETV6-RUNX1 ALL evidenced by both germline and somatic genomic analyses. Integration of GWAS signals with transcriptomic/epigenomic profiling and 3D chromatin interaction data for these leukaemia risk loci suggests deregulation of B-cell development and the cell cycle as central mechanisms governing genetic susceptibility to ALL.

Published
2019

19. A square entropy stable flux limiter for $P_NP_M$ schemes

Author

Goetz, Claus R. and Dumbser, Michael

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract

We study some theoretical aspects of $P_NP_M$ schemes, which are a novel class of high order accurate reconstruction based discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. The PNPM schemes store and evolve the discrete solution $u_h$ under the form of piecewise polynomials of degree $N$, while piecewise polynomials $w_h$ of degree $M \geq N$ are used for the computation of the volume and boundary fluxes. The piecewise polynomials $w_h$ are obtained from $u_h$ via a suitable reconstruction or recovery operator. The $P_NP_M$ approach contains high order finite volume methods ($N=0$) as well as classical DG schemes ($N=M$) as special cases of a more general framework. Furthermore, for $N \neq M$ and $N>0$, it leads to a new intermediate class of methods, which can be denoted either as Hermite finite volume or as reconstructed DG methods. We show analytically why $P_NP_M$ methods for $N \neq M$ are, in general, not $L^2$-diminishing. To this end, we extend the well-known cell entropy inequality and the following $L^2$ stability result of Jiang and Shu for DG methods (i.e. for $N=M$) to the general $P_NP_M$ case and identify which part in the reconstruction step may cause the instability. With this insight we design a flux limiter that enforces a cell square entropy inequality and thus an $L^2$ stability condition for $P_NP_M$ schemes for scalar conservation laws in one space dimension. Furthermore, in this paper we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the $P_NP_M$ reconstruction operator.

Published
2016

20. Spectrum and prevalence of genetic predisposition in medulloblastoma: a retrospective genetic study and prospective validation in a clinical trial cohort.

Author

Waszak, Sebastian M, Northcott, Paul A, Buchhalter, Ivo, Robinson, Giles W, Sutter, Christian, Groebner, Susanne, Grund, Kerstin B, Brugières, Laurence, Jones, David TW, Pajtler, Kristian W, Morrissy, A Sorana, Kool, Marcel, Sturm, Dominik, Chavez, Lukas, Ernst, Aurelie, Brabetz, Sebastian, Hain, Michael, Zichner, Thomas, Segura-Wang, Maia, Weischenfeldt, Joachim, Rausch, Tobias, Mardin, Balca R, Zhou, Xin, Baciu, Cristina, Lawerenz, Christian, Chan, Jennifer A, Varlet, Pascale, Guerrini-Rousseau, Lea, Fults, Daniel W, Grajkowska, Wiesława, Hauser, Peter, Jabado, Nada, Ra, Young-Shin, Zitterbart, Karel, Shringarpure, Suyash S, De La Vega, Francisco M, Bustamante, Carlos D, Ng, Ho-Keung, Perry, Arie, MacDonald, Tobey J, Hernáiz Driever, Pablo, Bendel, Anne E, Bowers, Daniel C, McCowage, Geoffrey, Chintagumpala, Murali M, Cohn, Richard, Hassall, Timothy, Fleischhack, Gudrun, Eggen, Tone, Wesenberg, Finn, Feychting, Maria, Lannering, Birgitta, Schüz, Joachim, Johansen, Christoffer, Andersen, Tina V, Röösli, Martin, Kuehni, Claudia E, Grotzer, Michael, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Monoranu, Camelia M, Archer, Tenley C, Duke, Elizabeth, Pomeroy, Scott L, Shelagh, Redmond, Frank, Stephan, Sumerauer, David, Scheurlen, Wolfram, Ryzhova, Marina V, Milde, Till, Kratz, Christian P, Samuel, David, Zhang, Jinghui, Solomon, David A, Marra, Marco, Eils, Roland, Bartram, Claus R, von Hoff, Katja, Rutkowski, Stefan, Ramaswamy, Vijay, Gilbertson, Richard J, Korshunov, Andrey, Taylor, Michael D, Lichter, Peter, Malkin, David, Gajjar, Amar, Korbel, Jan O, and Pfister, Stefan M

Subjects
Humans, Medulloblastoma, Cerebellar Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Predictive Value of Tests, Gene Expression Profiling, Pedigree, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA Methylation, Heredity, Phenotype, Germ-Line Mutation, Models, Genetic, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Female, Male, Young Adult, Genetic Testing, Transcriptome, Biomarkers, Tumor, Progression-Free Survival, Exome Sequencing, Brain Cancer, Genetics, Cancer, Human Genome, Pediatric, Pediatric Cancer, Rare Diseases, Brain Disorders, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundMedulloblastoma is associated with rare hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes; however, consensus medulloblastoma predisposition genes have not been defined and screening guidelines for genetic counselling and testing for paediatric patients are not available. We aimed to assess and define these genes to provide evidence for future screening guidelines.MethodsIn this international, multicentre study, we analysed patients with medulloblastoma from retrospective cohorts (International Cancer Genome Consortium [ICGC] PedBrain, Medulloblastoma Advanced Genomics International Consortium [MAGIC], and the CEFALO series) and from prospective cohorts from four clinical studies (SJMB03, SJMB12, SJYC07, and I-HIT-MED). Whole-genome sequences and exome sequences from blood and tumour samples were analysed for rare damaging germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. DNA methylation profiling was done to determine consensus molecular subgroups: WNT (MBWNT), SHH (MBSHH), group 3 (MBGroup3), and group 4 (MBGroup4). Medulloblastoma predisposition genes were predicted on the basis of rare variant burden tests against controls without a cancer diagnosis from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). Previously defined somatic mutational signatures were used to further classify medulloblastoma genomes into two groups, a clock-like group (signatures 1 and 5) and a homologous recombination repair deficiency-like group (signatures 3 and 8), and chromothripsis was investigated using previously established criteria. Progression-free survival and overall survival were modelled for patients with a genetic predisposition to medulloblastoma.FindingsWe included a total of 1022 patients with medulloblastoma from the retrospective cohorts (n=673) and the four prospective studies (n=349), from whom blood samples (n=1022) and tumour samples (n=800) were analysed for germline mutations in 110 cancer predisposition genes. In our rare variant burden analysis, we compared these against 53 105 sequenced controls from ExAC and identified APC, BRCA2, PALB2, PTCH1, SUFU, and TP53 as consensus medulloblastoma predisposition genes according to our rare variant burden analysis and estimated that germline mutations accounted for 6% of medulloblastoma diagnoses in the retrospective cohort. The prevalence of genetic predispositions differed between molecular subgroups in the retrospective cohort and was highest for patients in the MBSHH subgroup (20% in the retrospective cohort). These estimates were replicated in the prospective clinical cohort (germline mutations accounted for 5% of medulloblastoma diagnoses, with the highest prevalence [14%] in the MBSHH subgroup). Patients with germline APC mutations developed MBWNT and accounted for most (five [71%] of seven) cases of MBWNT that had no somatic CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations. Patients with germline mutations in SUFU and PTCH1 mostly developed infant MBSHH. Germline TP53 mutations presented only in childhood patients in the MBSHH subgroup and explained more than half (eight [57%] of 14) of all chromothripsis events in this subgroup. Germline mutations in PALB2 and BRCA2 were observed across the MBSHH, MBGroup3, and MBGroup4 molecular subgroups and were associated with mutational signatures typical of homologous recombination repair deficiency. In patients with a genetic predisposition to medulloblastoma, 5-year progression-free survival was 52% (95% CI 40-69) and 5-year overall survival was 65% (95% CI 52-81); these survival estimates differed significantly across patients with germline mutations in different medulloblastoma predisposition genes.InterpretationGenetic counselling and testing should be used as a standard-of-care procedure in patients with MBWNT and MBSHH because these patients have the highest prevalence of damaging germline mutations in known cancer predisposition genes. We propose criteria for routine genetic screening for patients with medulloblastoma based on clinical and molecular tumour characteristics.FundingGerman Cancer Aid; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; German Childhood Cancer Foundation (Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung); European Research Council; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Institutes for Health Research; German Cancer Research Center; St Jude Comprehensive Cancer Center; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities; Swiss National Science Foundation; European Molecular Biology Organization; Cancer Research UK; Hertie Foundation; Alexander and Margaret Stewart Trust; V Foundation for Cancer Research; Sontag Foundation; Musicians Against Childhood Cancer; BC Cancer Foundation; Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Cancer Society; the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority; Danish Strategic Research Council; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health; Swiss Research Foundation on Mobile Communication; Masaryk University; Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic; Research Council of Norway; Genome Canada; Genome BC; Terry Fox Research Institute; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; The Family of Kathleen Lorette and the Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre; Montreal Children's Hospital Foundation; The Hospital for Sick Children: Sonia and Arthur Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Chief of Research Fund, Cancer Genetics Program, Garron Family Cancer Centre, MDT's Garron Family Endowment; BC Childhood Cancer Parents Association; Cure Search Foundation; Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation; Brainchild; and the Government of Ontario.

Published
2018

22. Measurement of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Moon with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Costanza, F., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Hou, X., Iafrate, G., Johannesson, G., Kamae, T., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nuss, E., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yassine, M., Cerutti, F., Ferrari, A., and Sala, P. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We have measured the gamma-ray emission spectrum of the Moon using the data collected by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi satellite during its first 7 years of operation, in the energy range from 30 MeV up to a few GeV. We have also studied the time evolution of the flux, finding a correlation with the solar activity. We have developed a full Monte Carlo simulation describing the interactions of cosmic rays with the lunar surface. The results of the present analysis can be explained in the framework of this model, where the production of gamma rays is due to the interactions of cosmic-ray proton and helium nuclei with the surface of the Moon. Finally, we have used our simulation to derive the cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra near Earth from the Moon gamma-ray data., Comment: Published by PRD, 16 pages, 11 figures, corresponding authors: F. Loparco and M. N. Mazziotta

Published
2016
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23. Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

Author

Acero, F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Kamae, T., Kuss, M., Landriu, D., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Martin, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renault, N., Sánchez-Conde, M., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Most of the celestial gamma rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic rays interact with interstellar nucleons and photons. Conventional point and extended source studies rely on the modeling of this diffuse emission for accurate characterization. We describe here the development of the Galactic Interstellar Emission Model (GIEM) that is the standard adopted by the LAT Collaboration and is publicly available. The model is based on a linear combination of maps for interstellar gas column density in Galactocentric annuli and for the inverse Compton emission produced in the Galaxy. We also include in the GIEM large-scale structures like Loop I and the Fermi bubbles. The measured gas emissivity spectra confirm that the cosmic-ray proton density decreases with Galactocentric distance beyond 5 kpc from the Galactic Center. The measurements also suggest a softening of the proton spectrum with Galactocentric distance. We observe that the Fermi bubbles have boundaries with a shape similar to a catenary at latitudes below 20 degrees and we observe an enhanced emission toward their base extending in the North and South Galactic direction and located within 4 degrees of the Galactic Center., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJS

Published
2016
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25. The 1st Fermi Lat Supernova Remnant Catalog

Author

Acero, Fabio, Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bissaldi, E., Blandford, Roger, Bloom, E. D., Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Bregeon, J., Bruel, Philippe, Buehler, Rolf, Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, R, Caragiulo, Micaela, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Casandjian, Jean Marc, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cecchi, Claudia, Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, R., Cohen, J. M., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cominsky, L. R., Condon, B., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Angelis, A., Palma, F., Desiante, Rachele, Digel, S. W., Venere, L., Drell, Persis S, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Prof. Yasushi, Funk, Prof. Stefan, Fusco, P., Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nicola, Giommi, Paolo, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Tom, Godfrey, Gary, Gomez-Vargas, G A., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, Sylvain, Gustafsson, M, Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, Elizabeth, Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, Deirdre, Hou, X., Iafrate, Giulia, Jogler, Tobias, J'ohannesson, G., Johnson, Anthony S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Prof. Jun, Katsuta, Junichiro, Kerr, Matthew, Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, Prof. Dale, Kuss, M., Laffon, Helene, Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, Luca, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Li, J., Li, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Magill, J., Maldera, S., Marelli, Martino, Mayer, Michael, Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, Peter F., Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alexander A., Monzani, Maria Elena, Moretti, E., Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Prof. Simona, Nemmen, Prof. Rodrigo, Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Ormes, Jonathan F., Paneque, David, Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrosian, Prof. Vahe', Piron, Frederic, Pivato, Giovanna, Porter, Troy, Rain`o, S., Rando, Riccardo, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Prof. Olaf, Renaud, Matthieu, Reposeur, Thierry, Rousseau, Mr. Romain, Parkinson, P. M., Schmid, J., Schulz, A., Sgr`o, C., Siskind, Eric J, Spada, Francesca, Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Strong, Andrew W., Suson, Daniel, Tajima, Hiro, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Tanaka, T., Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, Omar, Torres, Prof. Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Troja, Eleonora, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Vianello, G., Wells, B., Wood, Kent, Wood, M., Yassine, Manal, and Zimmer, Stephan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

To uniformly determine the properties of supernova remnants (SNRs) at high energies, we have developed the first systematic survey at energies from 1 to 100 GeV using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Based on the spatial overlap of sources detected at GeV energies with SNRs known from radio surveys, we classify 30 sources as likely GeV SNRs. We also report 14 marginal associations and 245 flux upper limits. A mock catalog in which the positions of known remnants are scrambled in Galactic longitude, allows us to determine an upper limit of 22% on the number of GeV candidates falsely identified as SNRs. We have also developed a method to estimate spectral and spatial systematic errors arising from the diffuse interstellar emission model, a key component of all Galactic Fermi LAT analyses. By studying remnants uniformly in aggregate, we measure the GeV properties common to these objects and provide a crucial context for the detailed modeling of individual SNRs. Combining our GeV results with multiwavelength (MW) data, including radio, X-ray, and TeV, demonstrates the need for improvements to previously sufficient, simple models describing the GeV and radio emission from these objects. We model the GeV and MW emission from SNRs in aggregate to constrain their maximal contribution to observed Galactic cosmic rays., Comment: Resubmitted to ApJS

Published
2015
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26. PSR J1906+0722: An Elusive Gamma-ray Pulsar

Author

Clark, C. J., Pletsch, H. J., Wu, J., Guillemot, L., Ackermann, M., Allen, B., de Angelis, A., Aulbert, C., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bock, O., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Champion, D. J., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cuéllar, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Desiante, R., Drell, P. S., Eggenstein, H. B., Favuzzi, C., Fehrmann, H., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Jogler, T., Johnson, A. S., Jóhannesson, G., Kramer, M., Krauss, F., Kuss, M., Laffon, H., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Machenschalk, B., Manfreda, A., Marelli, M., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., de Palma, F., Paneque, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Torne, P., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., and Yassine, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0722, a gamma-ray pulsar detected as part of a blind survey of unidentified Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources being carried out on the volunteer distributed computing system, Einstein@Home. This newly discovered pulsar previously appeared as the most significant remaining unidentified gamma-ray source without a known association in the second Fermi-LAT source catalog (2FGL) and was among the top ten most significant unassociated sources in the recent third catalog (3FGL). PSR J1906+0722 is a young, energetic, isolated pulsar, with a spin frequency of $8.9$ Hz, a characteristic age of $49$ kyr, and spin-down power $1.0 \times 10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$. In 2009 August it suffered one of the largest glitches detected from a gamma-ray pulsar ($\Delta f / f \approx 4.5\times10^{-6}$). Remaining undetected in dedicated radio follow-up observations, the pulsar is likely radio-quiet. An off-pulse analysis of the gamma-ray flux from the location of PSR J1906+0722 revealed the presence of an additional nearby source, which may be emission from the interaction between a neighboring supernova remnant and a molecular cloud. We discuss possible effects which may have hindered the detection of PSR J1906+0722 in previous searches and describe the methods by which these effects were mitigated in this survey. We also demonstrate the use of advanced timing methods for estimating the positional, spin and glitch parameters of difficult-to-time pulsars such as this., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2015
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27. Search for Early Gamma-ray Production in Supernovae Located in a Dense Circumstellar Medium with the Fermi LAT

Author

Ackermann, M., Arcavi, I., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Desiante, R., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gal-Yam, A., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hayashi, K., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Lashner, J., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Malyshev, D., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Murase, K., Nugent, P., Nuss, E., Ofek, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Wood, K. S., and Wood, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Supernovae (SNe) exploding in a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) are hypothesized to accelerate cosmic rays in collisionless shocks and emit GeV gamma rays and TeV neutrinos on a time scale of several months. We perform the first systematic search for gamma-ray emission in Fermi LAT data in the energy range from 100 MeV to 300 GeV from the ensemble of 147 SNe Type IIn exploding in dense CSM. We search for a gamma-ray excess at each SNe location in a one year time window. In order to enhance a possible weak signal, we simultaneously study the closest and optically brightest sources of our sample in a joint-likelihood analysis in three different time windows (1 year, 6 months and 3 months). For the most promising source of the sample, SN 2010jl (PTF10aaxf), we repeat the analysis with an extended time window lasting 4.5 years. We do not find a significant excess in gamma rays for any individual source nor for the combined sources and provide model-independent flux upper limits for both cases. In addition, we derive limits on the gamma-ray luminosity and the ratio of gamma-ray-to-optical luminosity ratio as a function of the index of the proton injection spectrum assuming a generic gamma-ray production model. Furthermore, we present detailed flux predictions based on multi-wavelength observations and the corresponding flux upper limit at 95% confidence level (CL) for the source SN 2010jl (PTF10aaxf)., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Corresponding author: A. Franckowiak (afrancko@slac.stanford.edu), updated author list and acknowledgements

Published
2015
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28. The Third Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Atwood, W., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R., Bloom, E., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T., Bregeon, J., Britto, R., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G., Cameron, R., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P., Casandjian, J., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Abrusco, R., D'Ammando, F., Angelis, A., Desiante, R., Digel, S., Venere, L., Drell, P., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S., Ferrara, E., Finke, J., Focke, W., Franckowiak, A., Fuhrmann, L., Furniss, A., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I., Grove, J., Guiriec, S., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A., Horan, D., J'ohannesson, G., Johnson, A., Johnson, W., Kataoka, J., Kuss, M., Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Leto, C., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M., McEnery, J., Michelson, P., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A., Monzani, M., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I., Murgia, S., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paggi, A., Paneque, D., Perkins, J., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T., Rain`o, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romani, R., Salvetti, D., Schaal, M., Schinzel, F., Schulz, A., Sgr`o, C., Siskind, E., Sokolovsky, K., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vianello, G., Winer, B., Wood, K., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) of sources detected between 100 MeV and 300 GeV with a Test Statistic (TS) greater than 25, between 2008 August 4 and 2012 July 31. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high Galactic latitudes (|b|>10{\deg}), a 71% increase over the second catalog based on 2 years of data. There are 28 duplicate associations, thus 1563 of the 2192 high-latitude gamma-ray sources of the 3FGL catalog are AGNs. Most of them (98%) are blazars. About half of the newly detected blazars are of unknown type, i.e., they lack spectroscopic information of sufficient quality to determine the strength of their emission lines. Based on their gamma-ray spectral properties, these sources are evenly split between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL~Lacs. The most abundant detected BL~Lacs are of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) type. About 50% of the BL~Lacs have no measured redshifts. A few new rare outliers (HSP-FSRQs and high-luminosity HSP BL~Lacs) are reported. The general properties of the 3LAC sample confirm previous findings from earlier catalogs. The fraction of 3LAC blazars in the total population of blazars listed in BZCAT remains non-negligible even at the faint ends of the BZCAT-blazar radio, optical and X-ray flux distributions, which is a clue that even the faintest known blazars could eventually shine in gamma rays at LAT-detection levels. The energy-flux distributions of the different blazar populations are in good agreement with extrapolation from earlier catalogs., Comment: Accepted by ApJ. Updated to published version

Published
2015
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29. Limits on Dark Matter Annihilation Signals from the Fermi LAT 4-year Measurement of the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background

Author

The Fermi LAT Collaboration, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hewitt, J. W., Hou, X., Kamae, T., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Malyshev, D., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Negro, M., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sanchez-Conde, M., Schulz, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., and Zaharijas, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We search for evidence of dark matter (DM) annihilation in the isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) measured with 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations. An improved theoretical description of the cosmological DM annihilation signal, based on two complementary techniques and assuming generic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) properties, renders more precise predictions compared to previous work. More specifically, we estimate the cosmologically-induced gamma-ray intensity to have an uncertainty of a factor ~20 in canonical setups. We consistently include both the Galactic and extragalactic signals under the same theoretical framework, and study the impact of the former on the IGRB spectrum derivation. We find no evidence for a DM signal and we set limits on the DM-induced isotropic gamma-ray signal. Our limits are competitive for DM particle masses up to tens of TeV and, indeed, are the strongest limits derived from Fermi LAT data at TeV energies. This is possible thanks to the new Fermi LAT IGRB measurement, which now extends up to an energy of 820 GeV. We quantify uncertainties in detail and show the potential this type of search offers for testing the WIMP paradigm with a complementary and truly cosmological probe of DM particle signals., Comment: Matches the JCAP published version. Corresponding authors: A. Franckowiak (afrancko@slac.stanford.edu), M. Gustafsson (michael.gustafsson@theorie.physik.uni-goettingen.de), M.A. Sanchez-Conde (sanchezconde@fysik.su.se), G. Zaharijas (gabrijela.zaharijas@ung.si)

Published
2015
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31. Effect on catch efficiency and bycatch by introducing an Excluder device in the trawl fishery for lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus).

Author

Eigaard, Ole R., Sparrevohn, Claus R., Søgaard, Mathias, and Herrmann, Bent

Subjects
*CONFIDENCE intervals, *FISHERIES, *SORTING devices, *BODY size, *GROUNDFISHES, *BYCATCHES
Abstract

Sampling of the North Sea trawl fishery for lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) showed that 96% of the catch weight consisted of the target species, and experimental sea trials demonstrated that the observed small bycatch percentages of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) could be significantly lowered by inserting a netting-based sorting device, an Excluder, in front of the codend. The sandeel fishery is conducted with small meshes in the codend, due to the small size and elongated body shape of this species. It is not mandatory for sandeel trawls to have any other selection devices than the small-meshed codend, and this can potentially cause problems with bycatch of unwanted species, if these are abundant on the fishing grounds. Therefore, we sampled the catch composition in this fishery and further, we compared the capture efficiency and species composition of a standard trawl, and one fitted with an additional sorting device called the Excluder. Overall, results showed small percentages of bycatch in the trips sampled and during the trials, the excluder significantly reduced the bycatches of mackerel, grey gurnard, and haddock above certain sizes. For other bycatch species results were inconclusive due to wide confidence limits affected by low bycatch numbers during the trials. The overall capture efficiency for the target species was not affected by adding the excluder in the trawl except for a significant reduction for a few semi-centimetre groups of the largest sizes of the species. These results highlight the potential of the Excluder as a bycatch reduction tool in the sandeel fishery for situations where bycatch can constitute a problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Measurement of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Moon with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Albert, A, Atwood, WB, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Bregeon, J, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caragiulo, M, Caraveo, PA, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Costanza, F, Cuoco, A, Cutini, S, D’Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Focke, WB, Franckowiak, A, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Harding, AK, Hewitt, JW, Horan, D, Hou, X, Iafrate, G, Jóhannesson, G, Kamae, T, Kuss, M, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Li, J, Li, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Magill, J, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Mayer, M, Mazziotta, MN, Michelson, PF, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Murgia, S, Nuss, E, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Perkins, JS, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrosian, V, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reposeur, T, Sgrò, C, Siskind, EJ, Spada, F, and Spandre, G

Subjects
Fermi LAT Collaboration, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

We have measured the gamma-ray emission spectrum of the Moon using the data collected by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi satellite during its first seven years of operation, in the energy range from 30 MeV up to a few GeV. We have also studied the time evolution of the flux, finding a correlation with the solar activity. We have developed a full Monte Carlo simulation describing the interactions of cosmic rays with the lunar surface. The results of the present analysis can be explained in the framework of this model, where the production of gamma rays is due to the interactions of cosmic-ray proton and helium nuclei with the surface of the Moon. Finally, we have used our simulation to derive the cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra near Earth from the Moon gamma-ray data.

Published
2016

34. A new ATLAS muon CSC readout system with system on chip technology on ATCA platform

Author

Bartoldus, R, Claus, R, Garelli, N, Herbst, RT, Huffer, M, Iakovidis, G, Iordanidou, K, Kwan, K, Kocian, M, Lankford, AJ, Moschovakos, P, Nelson, A, Ntekas, K, Ruckman, L, Russell, J, Schernau, M, Schlenker, S, Su, D, Valderanis, C, Wittgen, M, and Yildiz, SC

Subjects
Electronic detector readout concepts, Modular electronics, Data acquisition concepts, Electronic detector readout concepts (gas, liquid), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The ATLAS muon Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) backend readout system has been upgraded during the LHC 2013-2015 shutdown to be able to handle the higher Level-1 trigger rate of 100 kHz and the higher occupancy at Run-2 luminosity. The readout design is based on the Reconfigurable Cluster Element (RCE) concept for high bandwidth generic DAQ implemented on the Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (ATCA) platform. The RCE design is based on the new System on Chip XILINX ZYNQ series with a processor-centric architecture with ARM processor embedded in FPGA fabric and high speed I/O resources. Together with auxiliary memories, all these components form a versatile DAQ building block that can host applications tapping into both software and firmware resources. The Cluster on Board (COB) ATCA carrier hosts RCE mezzanines and an embedded Fulcrum network switch to form an online DAQ processing cluster. More compact firmware solutions on the ZYNQ for high speed input and output fiberoptic links and TTC allowed the full system of 320 input links from the 32 chambers to be processed by 6 COBs in one ATCA shelf. The full system was installed in September 2014. We will present the RCE/COB design concept, the firmware and software processing architecture, and the experience from the intense commissioning for LHC Run 2.

Published
2016

35. Gamma-ray flaring activity from the gravitationally lensed blazar PKS 1830-211 observed by Fermi LAT

Author

The Fermi LAT Collaboration, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Amin, M. A., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Buehler, R., Bulmash, D., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Corbet, R. H. D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Finke, J., Focke, W. B., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jòhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Tronconi, V., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., and Wood, K. S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope routinely detects the highly dust-absorbed, reddened, and MeV-peaked flat spectrum radio quasar PKS 1830-211 (z=2.507). Its apparent isotropic gamma-ray luminosity (E>100 MeV) averaged over $\sim$ 3 years of observations and peaking on 2010 October 14/15 at 2.9 X 10^{50} erg s^{-1}, makes it among the brightest high-redshift Fermi blazars. No published model with a single lens can account for all of the observed characteristics of this complex system. Based on radio observations, one expects time delayed variability to follow about 25 days after a primary flare, with flux about a factor 1.5 less. Two large gamma-ray flares of PKS 1830-211 have been detected by the LAT in the considered period and no substantial evidence for such a delayed activity was found. This allows us to place a lower limit of about 6 on the gamma rays flux ratio between the two lensed images. Swift XRT observations from a dedicated Target of Opportunity program indicate a hard spectrum and with no significant correlation of X-ray flux with the gamma-ray variability. The spectral energy distribution can be modeled with inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons from the dusty torus. The implications of the LAT data in terms of variability, the lack of evident delayed flare events, and different radio and gamma-ray flux ratios are discussed. Microlensing effects, absorption, size and location of the emitting regions, the complex mass distribution of the system, an energy-dependent inner structure of the source, and flux suppression by the lens galaxy for one image path may be considered as hypotheses for understanding our results., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by the The Astrophysical Journal. Corresponding authors: S. Ciprini (ASI ASDC & INAF OAR, Rome, Italy), S. Buson (INAF Padova & Univ. of Padova, Padova, Italy), J. Finke (NRL, Washington, DC, USA), F. D'Ammando (INAF IRA, Bologna, Italy)

Published
2014
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36. The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV

Author

The Fermi LAT collaboration, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. do Couto e, Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Ippoliti, P., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Manfreda, A., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Sánchez-Conde, M., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The {\gamma}-ray sky can be decomposed into individually detected sources, diffuse emission attributed to the interactions of Galactic cosmic rays with gas and radiation fields, and a residual all-sky emission component commonly called the isotropic diffuse {\gamma}-ray background (IGRB). The IGRB comprises all extragalactic emissions too faint or too diffuse to be resolved in a given survey, as well as any residual Galactic foregrounds that are approximately isotropic. The first IGRB measurement with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) used 10 months of sky-survey data and considered an energy range between 200 MeV and 100 GeV. Improvements in event selection and characterization of cosmic-ray backgrounds, better understanding of the diffuse Galactic emission, and a longer data accumulation of 50 months, allow for a refinement and extension of the IGRB measurement with the LAT, now covering the energy range from 100 MeV to 820 GeV. The IGRB spectrum shows a significant high-energy cutoff feature, and can be well described over nearly four decades in energy by a power law with exponential cutoff having a spectral index of $2.32\pm0.02$ and a break energy of $(279\pm52)$ GeV using our baseline diffuse Galactic emission model. The total intensity attributed to the IGRB is $(7.2\pm0.6) \times 10^{-6}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ above 100 MeV, with an additional $+15$%/$-30$% systematic uncertainty due to the Galactic diffuse foregrounds., Comment: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2014
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37. The Physics of the B Factories

Author

Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Abe, K., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., rodzicka, J. B, Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H. -Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T ., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van der Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., nard, B. Eche, Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Roudeau, P., Schrenk, S., Schroeder, T., Schubert, K. R., Shen, C. P., Shwartz, B., Soffer, A., Solodov, E. P., Somov, A., Starič, M., Stracka, S., Telnov, A. V., Todyshev, K. Yu., Tsuboyama, T., Uglov, T., Vinokurova, A., Walsh, J. J., Watanabe, Y., Won, E., Wormser, G., Wright, D. H., Ye, S., Zhang, C. C., Abachi, S., Abashian, A., Abe, N., Abe, R., Abe, T., Abrams, G. S., Adam, I., Adamczyk, K., Adametz, A., Adye, T., Agarwal, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ahn, B. S., Ahn, H. S., Aitchison, I. J. R., Akai, K., Akar, S., Akatsu, M., Akemoto, M., Akhmetshin, R., Akre, R., Alam, M. S., Albert, J. N., Aleksan, R., Alexander, J. P., Alimonti, G., Allen, M. T., Allison, J., Allmendinger, T., Alsmiller, J. R. G., Altenburg, D., Alwyn, K. E., An, Q., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Andress, J. C., Angelini, C., Anipko, D., Anjomshoaa, A., Anthony, P. L., Antillon, E. A., Antonioli, E., Aoki, K., Arguin, J. F., Arinstein, K., Arisaka, K., Asai, K., Asai, M., Asano, Y., Asgeirsson, D. J., Asner, D. M., Aso, T., Aspinwall, M. L., Aston, D., Atmacan, H., Aubert, B., Aulchenko, V., Ayad, R., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Azzolini, V., Azzopardi, D. E., Baak, M. A., Back, J. J., Bagnasco, S., Bahinipati, S., Bailey, D. S., Bailey, S., Bailly, P., van Bakel, N., Bakich, A. M., Bala, A., Balagura, V., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Ban, Y., Banas, E., Band, H. R., Banerjee, S., Baracchini, E., Barate, R., Barberio, E., Barbero, M., Bard, D. J., Barillari, T., Barlow, N. R., Barlow, R. J., Barrett, M., Bartel, W., Bartelt, J., Bartoldus, R., Batignani, G., Battaglia, M., Bauer, J. M., Bay, A., Beaulieu, M., Bechtle, P., Beck, T. W., Becker, J., Becla, J., Bedny, I., Behari, S., Behera, P. K., Behn, E., Behr, L., Beigbeder, C., Beiline, D., Bell, R., Bellini, F., Bellodi, G., Belous, K., Benayoun, M., Benelli, G., Benitez, J. F., Benkebil, M., Berger, N., Bernabeu, J., Bernard, D., Bernet, R., Bernlochner, F. U., Berryhill, J. W., Bertsche, K., Besson, P., Best, D. S., Bettarini, S., Bettoni, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhimji, W., Bhuyan, B., Biagini, M. E., Biasini, M., van Bibber, K., Biesiada, J., Bingham, I., Bionta, R. M., Bischofberger, M., Bitenc, U., Bizjak, I., Blanc, F., Blaylock, G., Blinov, V. E., Bloom, E., Bloom, P. C., Blount, N. L., Blouw, J., Bly, M., Blyth, S., Boeheim, C. T., Bomben, M., Bondar, A., Bondioli, M., Bonneaud, G. R., Bonvicini, G., Booke, M., Booth, J., Borean, C., Borgland, A. W., Borsato, E., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Botov, A. A., Bougher, J., Bouldin, K., Bourgeois, P., Boutigny, D., Bowerman, D. A., Boyarski, A. M., Boyce, R. F., Boyd, J. T., Bozek, A., Bozzi, C., Bračko, M., Brandenburg, G., Brandt, T., Brau, B., Brau, J., Breon, A. B., Breton, D., Brew, C., Briand, H., Bright-Thomas, P. G., Brigljević, V., Britton, D. I., Brochard, F., Broomer, B., Brose, J., Browder, T. E., Brown, C. L., Brown, C. M., Brown, D. N., Browne, M., Bruinsma, M., Brunet, S., Bucci, F., Buchanan, C., Buchmueller, O. L., Bünger, C., Bugg, W., Bukin, A. D., Bula, R., Bulten, H., Burchat, P. R., Burgess, W., Burke, J. P., Button-Shafer, J., Buzykaev, A. R., Buzzo, A., Cai, Y., Calabrese, R., Calcaterra, A., Calderini, G., Camanzi, B., Campagna, E., Campagnari, C., Capra, R., Carassiti, V., Carpinelli, M., Carroll, M., Casarosa, G., Casey, B. C. K., Cason, N. M., Castelli, G., Cavallo, N., Cavoto, G., Cecchi, A., Cenci, R., Cerizza, G., Cervelli, A., Ceseracciu, A., Chai, X., Chaisanguanthum, K. S., Chang, M. C., Chang, Y. H., Chang, Y. W., Chao, D. S., Chao, M., Chao, Y., Charles, E., Chavez, C. A., Cheaib, R., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, E., Chen, G. P., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. -H., Chen, J. C., Chen, K. F., Chen, P., Chen, S., Chen, W. T., Chen, X., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, B., Cheon, B. G., Chevalier, N., Chia, Y. M., Chidzik, S., Chilikin, K., Chistiakova, M. V., Cizeron, R., Cho, I. S., Cho, K., Chobanova, V., Choi, H. H. F., Choi, K. S., Choi, S. K., Choi, Y., Choi, Y. K., Christ, S., Chu, P. H., Chun, S., Chuvikov, A., Cibinetto, G., Cinabro, D., Clark, A. R., Clark, P. J., Clarke, C. K., Claus, R., Claxton, B., Clifton, Z. C., Cochran, J., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cohn, H., Colberg, T., Cole, S., Colecchia, F., Condurache, C., Contri, R., Convert, P., Convery, M. R., Cooke, P., Copty, N., Cormack, C. M., Corso, F. Dal, Corwin, L. A., Cossutti, F., Cote, D., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Cottingham, W. N., Couderc, F., Coupal, D. P., Covarelli, R., Cowan, G., Craddock, W. W., Crane, G., Crawley, H. B., Cremaldi, L., Crescente, A., Cristinziani, M., Crnkovic, J., Crosetti, G., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., Cunha, A., Curry, S., D'Orazio, A., Dû, S., Dahlinger, G., Dahmes, B., Dallapiccola, C., Danielson, N., Danilov, M., Das, A., Dash, M., Dasu, S., Datta, M., Daudo, F., Dauncey, P. D., David, P., Davis, C. L., Day, C. T., De Mori, F., De Domenico, G., De Groot, N., De la Vaissière, C., de la Vaissière, Ch., de Lesquen, A., De Nardo, G., de Sangro, R., De Silva, A., DeBarger, S., Decker, F. J., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Del Buono, L., Del Gamba, V., del Re, D., Della Ricca, G., Denig, A. G., Derkach, D., Derrington, I. M., DeStaebler, H., Destree, J., Devmal, S., Dey, B., Di Girolamo, B., Di Marco, E., Dickopp, M., Dima, M. O., Dittrich, S., Dittongo, S., Dixon, P., Dneprovsky, L., Dohou, F., Doi, Y., Doležal, Z., Doll, D. A., Donald, M., Dong, L., Dong, L. Y., Dorfan, J., Dorigo, A., Dorsten, M. P., Dowd, R., Dowdell, J., Drásal, Z., Dragic, J., Drummond, B. W., Dubitzky, R. S., Dubois-Felsmann, G. P., Dubrovin, M. S., Duh, Y. C., Duh, Y. T., Dujmic, D., Dungel, W., Dunwoodie, W., Dutta, D., Dvoretskii, A., Dyce, N., Ebert, M., Eckhart, E. A., Ecklund, S., Eckmann, R., Eckstein, P., Edgar, C. L., Edwards, A. J., Egede, U., Eichenbaum, A. M., Elmer, P., Emery, S., Enari, Y., Enomoto, R., Erdos, E., Erickson, R., Ernst, J. A., Erwin, R. J., Escalier, M., Eschenburg, V., Eschrich, I., Esen, S., Esteve, L., Evangelisti, F., Everton, C. W., Eyges, V., Fabby, C., Fabozzi, F., Fahey, S., Falbo, M., Fan, S., Fang, F., Fanin, C., Farbin, A., Farhat, H., Fast, J. E., Feindt, M., Fella, A., Feltresi, E., Ferber, T., Fernholz, R. E., Ferrag, S., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Field, R. C., Filippi, A., Finocchiaro, G., Fioravanti, E., da Costa, J. Firmino, Fischer, P. -A., Fisher, A., Fisher, P. H., Flacco, C. J., Flack, R. L., Flaecher, H. U., Flanagan, J., Flanigan, J. M., Ford, K. E., Ford, W. T., Forster, I. J., Forti, A. C., Forti, F., Fortin, D., Foster, B., Foulkes, S. D., Fouque, G., Fox, J., Franchini, P., Sevilla, M. Franco, Franek, B., Frank, E. D., Fransham, K. B., Fratina, S., Fratini, K., Frey, A., Frey, R., Friedl, M., Fritsch, M., Fry, J. R., Fujii, H., Fujikawa, M., Fujita, Y., Fujiyama, Y., Fukunaga, C., Fukushima, M., Fullwood, J., Funahashi, Y., Funakoshi, Y., Furano, F., Furman, M., Furukawa, K., Futterschneider, H., Gabathuler, E., Gabriel, T. A., Gabyshev, N., Gaede, F., Gagliardi, N., Gaidot, A., Gaillard, J. -M., Gaillard, J. R., Galagedera, S., Galeazzi, F., Gallo, F., Gamba, D., Gamet, R., Gan, K. K., Gandini, P., Ganguly, S., Ganzhur, S. F., Gao, Y. Y., Gaponenko, I., Garmash, A., Tico, J. Garra, Garzia, I., Gaspero, M., Gastaldi, F., Gatto, C., Gaur, V., Geddes, N. I., Geld, T. L., Genat, J. -F., George, K. A., George, M., George, S., Georgette, Z., Gershon, T. J., Gill, M. S., Gillard, R., Gilman, J. D., Giordano, F., Giorgi, M. A., Giraud, P. -F., Gladney, L., Glanzman, T., Glattauer, R., Go, A., Goetzen, K., Goh, Y. M., Gokhroo, G., Goldenzweig, P., Golubev, V. B., Gopal, G. P., Gordon, A., Gorišek, A., Goriletsky, V. I., Gorodeisky, R., Gosset, L., Gotow, K., Gowdy, S. J., Graffin, P., Grancagnolo, S., Grauges, E., Graziani, G., Green, M. G., Greene, M. G., Grenier, G. J., Grenier, P., Griessinger, K., Grillo, A. A., Grinyov, B. V., Gritsan, A. V., Grosdidier, G., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Grosso, P., Grothe, M., Groysman, Y., Grünberg, O., Guido, E., Guler, H., Gunawardane, N. J. W., Guo, Q. H., Guo, R. S., Guo, Z. J., Guttman, N., Ha, H., Ha, H. C., Haas, T., Haba, J., Hachtel, J., Hadavand, H. K., Hadig, T., Hagner, C., Haire, M., Haitani, F., Haji, T., Haller, G., Halyo, V., Hamano, K., Hamasaki, H., de Monchenault, G. Hamel, Hamilton, J., Hamilton, R., Hamon, O., Han, B. Y., Han, Y. L., Hanada, H., Hanagaki, K., Handa, F., Hanson, J. E., Hanushevsky, A., Hara, K., Hara, T., Harada, Y., Harrison, P. F., Harrison, T. J., Harrop, B., Hart, A. J., Hart, P. A., Hartfiel, B. L., Harton, J. L., Haruyama, T., Hasan, A., Hasegawa, Y., Hast, C., Hastings, N. C., Hasuko, K., Hauke, A., Hawkes, C. M., Hayashi, K., Hazumi, M., Hee, C., Heenan, E. 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Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026., Comment: 928 pages, version 3 (arXiv:1406.6311v3) corresponds to the alpha, beta, gamma version of the book, the other versions use the phi1, phi2, phi3 notation

Published
2014
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38. Multifrequency Studies of the Peculiar Quasar 4C +21.35 During the 2010 Flaring Activity

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Silva, E. do Couto e, Donato, D., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Finke, J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Johnson, A. S., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sanchez, D. A., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Aleksic, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Fidalgo, D. Carreto, Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Mendez, C. Delgado, Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Lopez, R. J. Garcia, Garczarczyk, M., Terrats, D. Garrido, Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovic, N., Munoz, A. Gonzalez, Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nishijima, K., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Garcia, J. Rodriguez, Rugamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Suric, T., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Aller, M. F., Angelakis, E., Blinov, D. A., Djorgovski, S. G., Drake, A. J., Efimova, N. V., Gurwell, M. A., Homan, D. C., Jordan, B., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Lister, M. L., Nieppola, E., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ros, E., Savolainen, T., Sigua, L. A., and Tornikoski, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The discovery of rapidly variable Very High Energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from 4C +21.35 (PKS 1222+216) by MAGIC on 2010 June 17, triggered by the high activity detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in high energy (HE; E > 100 MeV) gamma-rays, poses intriguing questions on the location of the gamma-ray emitting region in this flat spectrum radio quasar. We present multifrequency data of 4C +21.35 collected from centimeter to VHE during 2010 to investigate the properties of this source and discuss a possible emission model. The first hint of detection at VHE was observed by MAGIC on 2010 May 3, soon after a gamma-ray flare detected by Fermi-LAT that peaked on April 29. The same emission mechanism may therefore be responsible for both the HE and VHE emission during the 2010 flaring episodes. Two optical peaks were detected on 2010 April 20 and June 30, close in time but not simultaneous with the two gamma-ray peaks, while no clear connection was observed between the X-ray an gamma-ray emission. An increasing flux density was observed in radio and mm bands from the beginning of 2009, in accordance with the increasing gamma-ray activity observed by Fermi-LAT, and peaking on 2011 January 27 in the mm regime (230 GHz). We model the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 4C +21.35 for the two periods of the VHE detection and a quiescent state, using a one-zone model with the emission coming from a very compact region outside the broad line region. The three SEDs can be fit with a combination of synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton emission of seed photons from a dust torus, changing only the electron distribution parameters between the epochs. The fit of the optical/UV part of the spectrum for 2010 April 29 seems to favor an inner disk radius of <6 gravitational radii, as one would expect from a prograde-rotating Kerr black hole., Comment: 46 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 786, Issue 2, article id. 157, 17 pp. Contact Authors: Filippo D'Ammando, Justin Finke, Davide Donato, Josefa Becerra Gonzalez, Tomislav Terzic. Figure 1 updated

Published
2014
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39. Inferred cosmic-ray spectrum from ${\it Fermi}$-LAT $\gamma$-ray observations of the Earth's limb

Author

Collaboration, Fermi-LAT, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bottacini, E., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dalton, M., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Silva, E. do Couto e, Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hayashi, K., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kawano, T., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Tronconi, V., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., and Yang, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Recent accurate measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species by ATIC-2, CREAM, and PAMELA reveal an unexpected hardening in the proton and He spectra above a few hundred GeV, a gradual softening of the spectra just below a few hundred GeV, and a harder spectrum of He compared to that of protons. These newly-discovered features may offer a clue to the origin of high-energy CRs. We use the ${\it Fermi}$ Large Area Telescope observations of the $\gamma$-ray emission from the Earth's limb for an indirect measurement of the local spectrum of CR protons in the energy range $\sim 90~$GeV-$6~$TeV (derived from a photon energy range $15~$GeV-$1~$TeV). Our analysis shows that single power law and broken power law spectra fit the data equally well and yield a proton spectrum with index $2.68 \pm 0.04$ and $2.61 \pm 0.08$ above $\sim 200~$GeV, respectively., Comment: Accepted by PRL for publication; Contact authors: Stefan Funk, Warit Mitthumsiri, Igor Moskalenko; 2 figures

Published
2014

40. Deep Broadband Observations of the Distant Gamma-ray Blazar PKS 1424+240

Author

Archambault, S., Aune, T., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berger, K., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cardenzana, J. V, Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S, Maier, G., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain, Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Rajotte, J., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bregeon, J., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Jogler, T., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Ormes, J. F., Perkins, J. S., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Raino, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Schaal, M., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Takahashi, H., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Werner, M., and Wood, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of $z\ge0.6035$, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hours of VERITAS observations from three years, a multiwavelength light curve and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1$\pm0.3$)$\times10^{-7}$ ph m$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02$\pm0.08$)$\times10^{-7}$ ph m$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; $E\ge100$ GeV) spectral indices are $\Gamma=$3.8$\pm$0.3, 4.3$\pm$0.6 and 4.5$\pm$0.2 in 2009, 2011 and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than $\tau=2$, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on longer than year timescales if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics., Comment: ApJL accepted March 17, 2014

Published
2014
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43. SEARCH FOR EARLY GAMMA-RAY PRODUCTION IN SUPERNOVAE LOCATED IN A DENSE CIRCUMSTELLAR MEDIUM WITH THE FERMI LAT

Author

Ackermann, M, Arcavi, I, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Brandt, TJ, Bregeon, J, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caragiulo, M, Caraveo, PA, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cutini, S, D’Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Desiante, R, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Franckowiak, A, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gal-Yam, A, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Harding, AK, Hayashi, K, Hewitt, JW, Hill, AB, Horan, D, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Larsson, S, Lashner, J, Latronico, L, Li, J, Li, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Malyshev, D, Mayer, M, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Michelson, PF, Mizuno, T, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Murase, K, Nugent, P, Nuss, E, Ofek, E, Ohsugi, T, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Schulz, A, Sgrò, C, Siskind, EJ, Spada, F, and Spandre, G

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, cosmic rays, gamma rays: general, methods: data analysis, supernovae: general, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

Supernovae (SNe) exploding in a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) are hypothesized to accelerate cosmic rays in collisionless shocks and emit GeV γ-rays and TeV neutrinos on a timescale of several months. We perform the first systematic search for γ-ray emission in Fermi Large Area Telescope data in the energy range from to from the ensemble of 147 SNe Type IIn exploding in a dense CSM. We search for a γ-ray excess at each SNe location in a one-year time window. In order to enhance a possible weak signal, we simultaneously study the closest and optically brightest sources of our sample in a joint-likelihood analysis in three different time windows (1 year, 6 months, and 3 months). For the most promising source of the sample, SN 2010jl (PTF 10aaxf), we repeat the analysis with an extended time window lasting 4.5 years. We do not find a significant excess in γ-rays for any individual source nor for the combined sources and provide model-independent flux upper limits for both cases. In addition, we derive limits on the γ-ray luminosity and the ratio of γ-ray-to-optical luminosity ratio as a function of the index of the proton injection spectrum assuming a generic γ-ray production model. Furthermore, we present detailed flux predictions based on multi-wavelength observations and the corresponding flux upper limit at a 95% confidence level (CL) for the source SN 2010jl (PTF 10aaxf).

Published
2015

44. FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE THIRD SOURCE CATALOG

Author

Acero, F, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Albert, A, Atwood, WB, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Belfiore, A, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bogart, JR, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Bregeon, J, Britto, RJ, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Burnett, TH, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caputo, R, Caragiulo, M, Caraveo, PA, Casandjian, JM, Cavazzuti, E, Charles, E, Chaves, RCG, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Tanugi, J Cohen-, Cominsky, LR, Conrad, J, Cutini, S, D’Ammando, F, de Angelis, A, DeKlotz, M, de Palma, F, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Ferrara, EC, Finke, J, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giebels, B, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Grondin, M-H, Grove, JE, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Harding, AK, Hays, E, Hewitt, JW, Hill, AB, Horan, D, Iafrate, G, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, RP, Johnson, AS, Johnson, TJ, Johnson, WN, Kamae, T, Kataoka, J, Katsuta, J, Kuss, M, La Mura, G, Landriu, D, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Goumard, M Lemoine-, Li, J, Li, L, and Longo, F

Subjects
catalogs, gamma-rays: general, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the third Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source catalog (3FGL) of sources in the 100 MeV-300 GeV range. Based on the first 4 yr of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the Second Fermi LAT catalog, the 3FGL catalog incorporates twice as much data, as well as a number of analysis improvements, including improved calibrations at the event reconstruction level, an updated model for Galactic diffuse γ-ray emission, a refined procedure for source detection, and improved methods for associating LAT sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths. The 3FGL catalog includes 3033 sources above significance, with source location regions, spectral properties, and monthly light curves for each. Of these, 78 are flagged as potentially being due to imperfections in the model for Galactic diffuse emission. Twenty-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall 238 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent or correlated variability (periodic or otherwise) observed at other wavelengths. For 1010 sources we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 1100 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class; several other classes of non-blazar active galaxies are also represented in the 3FGL. Pulsars represent the largest Galactic source class. From source counts of Galactic sources we estimate that the contribution of unresolved sources to the Galactic diffuse emission is ∼3% at 1 GeV.

Published
2015

45. Updated search for spectral lines from Galactic dark matter interactions with pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Albert, A, Anderson, B, Atwood, WB, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Brandt, TJ, Bregeon, J, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caputo, R, Caragiulo, M, Caraveo, PA, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Cuoco, A, Cutini, S, D'Ammando, F, De Angelis, A, De Palma, F, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Di Venere, L, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Godfrey, G, Gomez-Vargas, GA, Grenier, IA, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Gustafsson, M, Hewitt, JW, Hill, AB, Horan, D, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, RP, Kuss, M, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Li, J, Li, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Malyshev, D, Mayer, M, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Michelson, PF, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, AA, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Murgia, S, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reposeur, T, Ritz, S, and Sánchez-Conde, M

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

Dark matter in the Milky Way may annihilate directly into γ rays, producing a monoenergetic spectral line. Therefore, detecting such a signature would be strong evidence for dark matter annihilation or decay. We search for spectral lines in the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the Milky Way halo in the energy range 200 MeV-500 GeV using analysis methods from our most recent line searches. The main improvements relative to previous works are our use of 5.8 years of data reprocessed with the Pass 8 event-level analysis and the additional data resulting from the modified observing strategy designed to increase exposure of the Galactic center region. We search in five sky regions selected to optimize sensitivity to different theoretically motivated dark matter scenarios and find no significant detections. In addition to presenting the results from our search for lines, we also investigate the previously reported tentative detection of a line at 133 GeV using the new Pass 8 data.

Published
2015

46. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks

Author

Preece, R., Burgess, J. Michael, von Kienlin, A., Bhat, P. N., Briggs, M. S., Byrne, D., Chaplin, V., Cleveland, W., Collazzi, A. C., Connaughton, V., Diekmann, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Foley, S., Gibby, M., Giles, M., Goldstein, A., Greiner, J., Gruber, D., Jenke, P., Kippen, R. M., Kouveliotou, C., McBreen, S., Meegan, C., Paciesas, W. S., Pelassa, V., Tierney, D., van der Horst, A. J., Wilson-Hodge, C., Xiong, S., Younes, G., Yu, H. -F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Iyyani, S., Jogler, T., Jóannesson, G., Kawano, T., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Nymark, T., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sartori, A., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., and Zhu, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 s is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously., Comment: This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published online in Science Express on 21 November 2013 [DOI:10.1126/science.1242302] 15 pages, 4 figures and 1 table; includes supplementary online materials

Published
2013
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47. Dark Matter Constraints from Observations of 25 Milky Way Satellite Galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Collaboration, The Fermi-LAT, Ackermann, M., Albert, A., Anderson, B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. do Couto e, Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Essig, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hewitt, J., Hughes, R. E., Jogler, T., Kamae, T., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, ., Latronico, L., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Martinez, G., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Perkins, J. S., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Sànchez-Conde, M., Sehgal, N., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Strigari, L., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are some of the most dark-matter-dominated objects known. Due to their proximity, high dark matter content, and lack of astrophysical backgrounds, dwarf spheroidal galaxies are widely considered to be among the most promising targets for the indirect detection of dark matter via gamma rays. Here we report on gamma-ray observations of 25 Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies based on 4 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. None of the dwarf galaxies are significantly detected in gamma rays, and we present gamma-ray flux upper limits between 500 MeV and 500 GeV. We determine the dark matter content of 18 dwarf spheroidal galaxies from stellar kinematic data and combine LAT observations of 15 dwarf galaxies to constrain the dark matter annihilation cross section. We set some of the tightest constraints to date on the the annihilation of dark matter particles with masses between 2 GeV and 10 TeV into prototypical Standard Model channels. We find these results to be robust against systematic uncertainties in the LAT instrument performance, diffuse gamma-ray background modeling, and assumed dark matter density profile., Comment: 47 pages, 8 figure, and 8 tables. Contact authors: Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Jan Conrad, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Maja Llena Garde, and Nicola Mazziotta

Published
2013
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48. Search for cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission in Galaxy Clusters

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Allafort, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hewitt, J., Hughes, R. E., Jeltema, T. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ruan, J., Sánchez-Conde, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Storm, E., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Zimmer, S., Pfrommer, C., and Pinzke, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Current theories predict relativistic hadronic particle populations in clusters of galaxies in addition to the already observed relativistic leptons. In these scenarios hadronic interactions give rise to neutral pions which decay into $\gamma$ rays, that are potentially observable with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi space telescope. We present a joint likelihood analysis searching for spatially extended $\gamma$-ray emission at the locations of 50 galaxy clusters in 4 years of Fermi-LAT data under the assumption of the universal cosmic-ray model proposed by Pinzke & Pfrommer (2010). We find an excess at a significance of $2.7\sigma$ which upon closer inspection is however correlated to individual excess emission towards three galaxy clusters: Abell 400, Abell 1367 and Abell 3112. We discuss these cases in detail and conservatively attribute the emission to unmodeled background (for example, radio galaxies within the clusters). Through the combined analysis of 50 clusters we exclude hadronic injection efficiencies in simple hadronic models above 21% and establish limits on the cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio within the virial radius, $R_{200}$, to be below 1.2-1.4% depending on the morphological classification. In addition we derive new limits on the $\gamma$-ray flux from individual clusters in our sample., Comment: Manuscript version accepted for publication in ApJ with expanded set of CR models now including thermal ICM and flat CR profiles; 27 pages, 19 figures, 9 tables; Corresponding authors: S. Zimmer, zimmer@fysik.su.se; J. Conrad, conrad@fysik.su.se; C. Pfrommer, christoph.pfrommer@h-its.org; A. Pinzke, apinzke@fysik.su.se; O. Reimer, olr@slac.stanford.edu

Published
2013
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49. Constraints on the Galactic Population of TEV Pulsar Wind Nebulae Using Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations

Author

Acero, F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dalton, M., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Di Venere, L., Silva, E. do Couto e, Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grégoire, T., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Inoue, Y., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kawano, T., Kerr, M., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Marelli, M., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Rousseau, R., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takeuchi, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., and Yang, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) have been established as the most populous class of TeV gamma-ray emitters. Since launch, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT)identified five high-energy (100MeV

Published
2013
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50. Detection of the Characteristic Pion-Decay Signature in Supernova Remnants

Author

collaboration, The Fermi-LAT, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Çelik, Ö., Charles, E., Chaty, S., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Corbel, S., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Silva, E. do Couto e, Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J., Hill, A. B., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Katsuta, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mignani, R. P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Romoli, C., Sánchez-Conde, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Simeon, P. E., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stecker, F. W., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yamazaki, R., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmic rays are particles (mostly protons) accelerated to relativistic speeds. Despite wide agreement that supernova remnants (SNRs) are the sources of galactic cosmic rays, unequivocal evidence for the acceleration of protons in these objects is still lacking. When accelerated protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma rays. This offers a compelling way to detect the acceleration sites of protons. The identification of pion-decay gamma rays has been difficult because high-energy electrons also produce gamma rays via bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering. We detected the characteristic pion-decay feature in the gamma-ray spectra of two SNRs, IC 443 and W44, with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This detection provides direct evidence that cosmic-ray protons are accelerated in SNRs., Comment: To appear in Science Magazine on February 15th; contact authors: Stefan Funk, Takaaki Tanaka, Yasunobu Uchiyama

Published
2013
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