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1. Intracortical recordings reveal vision-to-action cortical gradients driving human exogenous attention

Author

Tal Seidel Malkinson, Dimitri J. Bayle, Brigitte C. Kaufmann, Jianghao Liu, Alexia Bourgeois, Katia Lehongre, Sara Fernandez-Vidal, Vincent Navarro, Virginie Lambrecq, Claude Adam, Daniel S. Margulies, Jacobo D. Sitt, and Paolo Bartolomeo

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Exogenous attention, the process that makes external salient stimuli pop-out of a visual scene, is essential for survival. How attention-capturing events modulate human brain processing remains unclear. Here we show how the psychological construct of exogenous attention gradually emerges over large-scale gradients in the human cortex, by analyzing activity from 1,403 intracortical contacts implanted in 28 individuals, while they performed an exogenous attention task. The timing, location and task-relevance of attentional events defined a spatiotemporal gradient of three neural clusters, which mapped onto cortical gradients and presented a hierarchy of timescales. Visual attributes modulated neural activity at one end of the gradient, while at the other end it reflected the upcoming response timing, with attentional effects occurring at the intersection of visual and response signals. These findings challenge multi-step models of attention, and suggest that frontoparietal networks, which process sequential stimuli as separate events sharing the same location, drive exogenous attention phenomena such as inhibition of return.

Published
2024
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2. Fronto-parietal networks shape human conscious report through attention gain and reorienting

Author

Jianghao Liu, Dimitri J. Bayle, Alfredo Spagna, Jacobo D. Sitt, Alexia Bourgeois, Katia Lehongre, Sara Fernandez-Vidal, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Vincent Navarro, Tal Seidel Malkinson, and Paolo Bartolomeo

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract How do attention and consciousness interact in the human brain? Rival theories of consciousness disagree on the role of fronto-parietal attentional networks in conscious perception. We recorded neural activity from 727 intracerebral contacts in 13 epileptic patients, while they detected near-threshold targets preceded by attentional cues. Clustering revealed three neural patterns: first, attention-enhanced conscious report accompanied sustained right-hemisphere fronto-temporal activity in networks connected by the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II-III, and late accumulation of activity (>300 ms post-target) in bilateral dorso-prefrontal and right-hemisphere orbitofrontal cortex (SLF I-III). Second, attentional reorienting affected conscious report through early, sustained activity in a right-hemisphere network (SLF III). Third, conscious report accompanied left-hemisphere dorsolateral-prefrontal activity. Task modeling with recurrent neural networks revealed multiple clusters matching the identified brain clusters, elucidating the causal relationship between clusters in conscious perception of near-threshold targets. Thus, distinct, hemisphere-asymmetric fronto-parietal networks support attentional gain and reorienting in shaping human conscious experience.

Published
2023
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3. Human periventricular nodular heterotopia shows several interictal epileptic patterns and hyperexcitability of neuronal firing

Author

Valerio Frazzini, Stephen Whitmarsh, Katia Lehongre, Pierre Yger, Jean-Didier Lemarechal, Bertrand Mathon, Claude Adam, Dominique Hasboun, Virginie Lambrecq, and Vincent Navarro

Subjects
epilepsy, periventricular nodular heterotopia, microelectrode, human, in vivo, interictal, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a malformation of cortical development that frequently causes drug-resistant epilepsy. The epileptogenicity of ectopic neurons in PNH as well as their role in generating interictal and ictal activity is still a matter of debate. We report the first in vivo microelectrode recording of heterotopic neurons in humans. Highly consistent interictal patterns (IPs) were identified within the nodules: (1) Periodic Discharges PLUS Fast activity (PD+F), (2) Sporadic discharges PLUS Fast activity (SD+F), and (3) epileptic spikes (ES). Neuronal firing rates were significantly modulated during all IPs, suggesting that multiple IPs were generated by the same local neuronal populations. Furthermore, firing rates closely followed IP morphologies. Among the different IPs, the SD+F pattern was found only in the three nodules that were actively involved in seizure generation but was never observed in the nodule that did not take part in ictal discharges. On the contrary, PD+F and ES were identified in all nodules. Units that were modulated during the IPs were also found to participate in seizures, increasing their firing rate at seizure onset and maintaining an elevated rate during the seizures. Together, nodules in PNH are highly epileptogenic and show several IPs that provide promising pathognomonic signatures of PNH. Furthermore, our results show that PNH nodules may well initiate seizures.

Published
2022
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4. Long-term deep intracerebral microelectrode recordings in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: Proposed guidelines based on 10-year experience

Author

Katia Lehongre, Virginie Lambrecq, Stephen Whitmarsh, Valerio Frazzini, Louis Cousyn, Daniel Soleil, Sara Fernandez-Vidal, Bertrand Mathon, Marion Houot, Jean-Didier Lemaréchal, Stéphane Clemenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Claude Adam, and Vincent Navarro

Subjects
Drug-resistant epilepsy, sEEG, Human, Microelectrode, Multi-unit activity, Technical guidelines, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Purpose: Human neuronal activity, recorded in vivo from microelectrodes, may offer valuable insights into physiological mechanisms underlying human cognition and pathophysiological mechanisms of brain diseases, in particular epilepsy. Continuous and long-term recordings are necessary to monitor non predictable pathological and physiological activities like seizures or sleep. Because of their high impedance, microelectrodes are more sensitive to noise than macroelectrodes. Low noise levels are crucial to detect action potentials from background noise, and to further isolate single neuron activities. Therefore, long-term recordings of multi-unit activity remains a challenge. We shared here our experience with microelectrode recordings and our efforts to reduce noise levels in order to improve signal quality. We also provided detailed technical guidelines for the connection, recording, imaging and signal analysis of microelectrode recordings. Results: During the last 10 years, we implanted 122 bundles of Behnke-Fried hybrid macro-microelectrodes, in 56 patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Microbundles were implanted in the temporal lobe (74%), as well as frontal (15%), parietal (6%) and occipital (5%) lobes. Low noise levels depended on our technical setup. The noise reduction was mainly obtained after electrical insulation of the patient's recording room and the use of a reinforced microelectrode model, reaching median root mean square values of 5.8 µV. Seventy percent of the bundles could record multi-units activities (MUA), on around 3 out of 8 wires per bundle and for an average of 12 days. Seizures were recorded by microelectrodes in 91% of patients, when recorded continuously, and MUA were recorded during seizures for 75 % of the patients after the insulation of the room. Technical guidelines are proposed for (i) electrode tails manipulation and protection during surgical bandage and connection to both clinical and research amplifiers, (ii) electrical insulation of the patient's recording room and shielding, (iii) data acquisition and storage, and (iv) single-units activities analysis. Conclusions: We progressively improved our recording setup and are now able to record (i) microelectrode signals with low noise level up to 3 weeks duration, and (ii) MUA from an increased number of wires . We built a step by step procedure from electrode trajectory planning to recordings. All these delicate steps are essential for continuous long-term recording of units in order to advance in our understanding of both the pathophysiology of ictogenesis and the neuronal coding of cognitive and physiological functions.

Published
2022
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5. Adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficiency may manifest as isolated and treatable distinct neuro-psychiatric syndromes

Author

Ana Gales, Marion Masingue, Stephanie Millecamps, Stephane Giraudier, Laure Grosliere, Claude Adam, Claudio Salim, Vincent Navarro, and Yann Nadjar

Subjects
Metabolic disease, Clinical neurology examination, All epilepsy/seizures, Gait disorders/ataxia, MRI, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract 5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is a genetic disorder that can occur at any age and can be easily detected by increased homocysteinemia. In adolescence/adult onset forms, the clinical picture is often complex with association of various neurological features and thrombosis. Here we report the cases of two adult siblings who experienced focal epilepsy at 18 years old as a first disease manifestation, without other symptom during several years. Upon diagnosis, both patients received metabolic treatment comprising B9, B12 and betaine which has stopped the occurrence of seizures, allowing discontinuation of anti-epileptic drugs. Among 24 reviewed adolescent/adult onset patients with MTHFR deficiency in the literature, clinical manifestations included gait disorder (96%, from motor central or peripheral origin), cognitive decline (74%), epileptic syndromes (50%), encephalopathy (30%), psychotic symptoms (17%), and thrombotic events (21%). A total of 41% presented a single neurological manifestation that could stay isolated during at least 3 years, delaying achievement of the diagnosis. Brain MRI showed a mostly periventricular white matter changes in 71% of cases. All patients stabilized or improved following metabolic treatment. Despite being rare, adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficiency can nevertheless be successfully treated. Therefore, homocysteinemia should be tested in various unexplained neuro-psychiatric syndromes like epilepsy or spastic paraparesis, even if isolated, since waiting for completion of the clinical picture is likely to increase the risk of irreversible neurological damage.

Published
2018
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6. Human gamma oscillations during slow wave sleep.

Author

Mario Valderrama, Benoît Crépon, Vicente Botella-Soler, Jacques Martinerie, Dominique Hasboun, Catalina Alvarado-Rojas, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Vincent Navarro, and Michel Le Van Quyen

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Neocortical local field potentials have shown that gamma oscillations occur spontaneously during slow-wave sleep (SWS). At the macroscopic EEG level in the human brain, no evidences were reported so far. In this study, by using simultaneous scalp and intracranial EEG recordings in 20 epileptic subjects, we examined gamma oscillations in cerebral cortex during SWS. We report that gamma oscillations in low (30-50 Hz) and high (60-120 Hz) frequency bands recurrently emerged in all investigated regions and their amplitudes coincided with specific phases of the cortical slow wave. In most of the cases, multiple oscillatory bursts in different frequency bands from 30 to 120 Hz were correlated with positive peaks of scalp slow waves ("IN-phase" pattern), confirming previous animal findings. In addition, we report another gamma pattern that appears preferentially during the negative phase of the slow wave ("ANTI-phase" pattern). This new pattern presented dominant peaks in the high gamma range and was preferentially expressed in the temporal cortex. Finally, we found that the spatial coherence between cortical sites exhibiting gamma activities was local and fell off quickly when computed between distant sites. Overall, these results provide the first human evidences that gamma oscillations can be observed in macroscopic EEG recordings during sleep. They support the concept that these high-frequency activities might be associated with phasic increases of neural activity during slow oscillations. Such patterned activity in the sleeping brain could play a role in off-line processing of cortical networks.

Published
2012
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7. Converging intracranial markers of conscious access.

Author

Raphaël Gaillard, Stanislas Dehaene, Claude Adam, Stéphane Clémenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Michel Baulac, Laurent Cohen, and Lionel Naccache

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

We compared conscious and nonconscious processing of briefly flashed words using a visual masking procedure while recording intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) in ten patients. Nonconscious processing of masked words was observed in multiple cortical areas, mostly within an early time window (

Published
2009
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9. Probabilistic functional tractography of the human cortex revisited.

Author

Lena Trebaul, Pierre Deman, Viateur Tuyisenge, Maciej Jedynak, Etienne Hugues, David Rudrauf, Manik Bhattacharjee, François Tadel, Blandine Chanteloup-Foret, Carole Saubat, Gina Catalina Reyes Mejia, Claude Adam, Anca Nica, Martin Pail, François Dubeau, Sylvain Rheims, Agnès Trébuchon, Haixiang Wang, and Olivier David 0001

Published
2018
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10. Sleep increases firing rate modulation during interictal epileptic activities in mesial structures

Author

Stephen Whitmarsh, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Katia Lehongre, Bertrand Mathon, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Valerio Frazzini, and Vincent Navarro

Abstract

Epileptic seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are strongly influenced by sleep and circadian rhythms. However, human data on the effect of sleep on neuronal behavior during interictal activity have been lacking. We analyzed EEG data from epileptic patients implanted with macro and micro electrodes targeting mesial temporal structures. Sleep staging was performed on concomitantly recorded polysomnography and video-EEG. Automated IED detection identified thousands of IEDs per patient. Both the rate and amplitude of IEDs were increased with deeper stages of NREM sleep. Single unit activity (SUA) and multi-unit activity (MUA) increased their firing during the IED spike, and strongly decreased during the subsequent slow wave. These time-locked firing rate modulations were shown to increase during deeper stages of NREM sleep. Finally, during resting behaviour, neuronal firing rate, bursting rate and firing regularity were all shown to progressively decrease with deeper stages of NREM sleep.

Published
2022
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11. Daily resting‐state intracranial EEG connectivity for seizure risk forecasts

Author

Louis Cousyn, Rémy Ben Messaoud, Katia Lehongre, Valerio Frazzini, Virginie Lambrecq, Claude Adam, Bertrand Mathon, Vincent Navarro, and Mario Chavez

Subjects
Neurology, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Forecasting seizure risk aims to detect pro-ictal states in which seizures would be more likely to occur. Classical seizure prediction models are trained over long-term EEG recordings to detect specific preictal changes for each seizure, independently of those induced by shifts in states of vigilance. A daily single measure - during a vigilance-controlled period - to estimate the risk of upcoming seizure(s) would be more convenient. Here, we evaluated whether intracranial EEG connectivity (phase-locking value), estimated from daily vigilance-controlled resting-state recordings, could allow to distinguish interictal (no seizure) from preictal (seizure within the next 24hrs) states. We also assessed its relevance for daily forecasts of seizure risk using machine learning models. Connectivity in the theta band was found to provide best prediction performances (AUC≥0.7 in 80% of patients), with accurate daily and prospective probabilistic forecasts (mean Brier and skill Brier scores of 0.11 and 0.74, respectively). More efficient ambulatory clinical application could be considered using mobile EEG or chronic implanted devices.

Published
2022
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12. Data-Driven Decision Making in Community Colleges: An Integrative Model for Institutional Effectiveness

Author

Callery, Claude Adam

Abstract

This qualitative study identified the best practices utilized by community colleges to achieve systemic and cultural agreement in support of the integration of institutional effectiveness measures (key performance indicators) to inform decision making. In addition, the study identifies the relevant motives, organizational structure, and processes to support the continuing organization development as the institution transitions to an information rich decision making environment. A multi-dimensional conceptual framework consisting of four concepts and theories was used to situate the study. The conceptual framework elements were: John Levin's (2001) Four Domains of Globalization (globalization), L. E. Greiner's (1998) Five Stages of Organizational Development (organizational change and development), Robert Stringer's (2002) Leadership and Organizational Climate model (organizational culture), and lastly a data management analysis framework developed by Rand Corporation researchers Gina Ikemoto and Julie Marsh (2007) (knowledge management). Three Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP) community colleges from the Higher Learning Commission's North Central Association were selected as participants. Colleges participating in AQIP were selected because Program participants actively pursue the integration of continuous process improvement and total quality management principals into the management practices of their institutions. The merging of these principles into the cultural fabric of the institution is vital to developing a data-driven decision-making environment that steers the organization towards enhanced organizational effectiveness. To ensure transferability of the study's findings purposefully sampling with random sort and maximum variation were applied to identify the participating colleges. The study's findings affirmed research from organizational development literature (Weick, 1993; Greiner, 1998) that states; in order to reduce ambiguity in interpreting data results (information) and achieve maximum benefit, organizational members must have at their disposal a process, data management infrastructure and supporting cultural environment to fully implement data-driven decision making practices throughout the community college organization. Derived from the findings, the Knowledge-management and Effectiveness Integration Model (KEIM) provides as formative process that will help administrators, faculty, and staff transform their institutions into a data-driven decision making college and assist them in understanding the significance, implications, and importance of the data they collect. The KEIM provides a practical implementation approach for community colleges seeking to establish a comprehensive data and knowledge management process as it addresses the behavioral complexity of the organizational culture and highlights leadership roles needed to create a supportive organizational climate for the transformative change. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2012

18. Neuro-oscillatory tracking of low- and high-level musico-acoustic features during naturalistic music listening: Insights from an intracranial electroencephalography study

Author

Diana Omigie, Séverine Samson, Claude Adam, Katia Lehongre, and Vincent Navarro

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Auditory area, General Medicine, Pulse (music), Electroencephalography, Audiology, Auditory cortex, behavioral disciplines and activities, Sound intensity, 050105 experimental psychology, Stereoelectroencephalography, Key (music), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhythm, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Studies investigating the neural processing of musico-acoustic features have tended to do so using highly controlled musical stimuli. However, it is increasingly argued that failing to use naturalistic stimuli limits the extent to which findings from lab studies can be extrapolated to rich and varied real-world experiences. Here, we recorded electrical brain activity from 8 epileptic patients, implanted for pre-surgical evaluation with Stereo-encephalography (SEEG), while they listened to pieces from the western tonal music repertoire. We estimated the sound intensity and key and pulse clarity of the stimuli using a toolbox for automatic extraction of musico-acoustic features. We then used partial-correlation analyses to examine the patterns of neuro-oscillatory activity associated with the processing of these features. Our results showed clear tracking of sound intensity in high-gamma and alpha frequency bands in posterior superior temporal gyrus, reflecting neural firing and the transfer of auditory information from the thalamus to auditory cortices, respectively. Patterns of partial correlations, in line with our hypotheses, also suggested limbic and inferior frontal cortical tracking of tonal and rhythmic uncertainty, albeit without the robustness shown for sound intensity tracking in auditory areas. The study provides an important contribution to the existing literature in its adherence to the call for a greater use of ecologically valid stimuli in neuroscientific investigations of music listening. Our results, specifically, have implications for research on the neural processing of musical uncertainty and for future studies seeking to use intracranial EEG to examine naturalistic music processing.

Published
2020
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19. Gamma amplitude is coupled to opposed hippocampal theta-phase states during the encoding and retrieval of episodic memories in humans

Author

Ludovico Saint Amour di Chanaz, Alexis Pérez-Bellido, Xiongbo Wu, Diego Lozano-Soldevilla, Daniel Pacheco-Estefan, Katia Lehongre, Estefanía Conde-Blanco, Pedro Roldan, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Valerio Frazzini, Antonio Donaire, Mar Carreño, Vincent Navarro, Antoni Valero-Cabré, and Lluís Fuentemilla

Subjects
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Published
2023
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23. Neural modulations in the auditory cortex during internal and external attention tasks: A single-patient intracranial recording study

Author

Vadim Axelrod, Camille Rozier, Katia Lehongre, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Vincent Navarro, and Lionel Naccache

Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

Brain sensory processing is not passive, but is rather modulated by our internal state. Different research methods such as non-invasive imaging methods and intracranial recording of the local field potential (LFP) have been used to study to what extent sensory processing and the auditory cortex in particular are modulated by selective attention. However, at the level of the single- or multi-units the selective attention in humans has not been tested. In addition, most previous research on selective attention has explored externally-oriented attention, but attention can be also directed inward (i.e., internal attention), like spontaneous self-generated thoughts and mind-wandering. In the present study we had a rare opportunity to record multi-unit activity (MUA) in the auditory cortex of a patient. To complement, we also analyzed the LFP signal of the macro-contact in the auditory cortex. Our experiment consisted of two conditions with periodic beeping sounds. The participants were asked either to count the beeps (i.e., an "external attention" condition) or to recall the events of the previous day (i.e., an "internal attention" condition). We found that the four out of seven recorded units in the auditory cortex showed increased firing rates in "external attention" compared to "internal attention" condition. The beginning of this attentional modulation varied across multi-units between 30-50 msec and 130-150 msec from stimulus onset, a result that is compatible with an early selection view. The LFP evoked potential and induced high gamma activity both showed attentional modulation starting at about 70-80 msec. As the control, for the same experiment we recorded MUA activity in the amygdala and hippocampus of two additional patients. No major attentional modulation was found in the control regions. Overall, we believe that our results provide new empirical information and support for existing theoretical views on selective attention and spontaneous self-generated cognition.

Published
2021

24. Epilepsy related to focal neuronal lipofuscinosis: extra-frontal localization, EEG signatures and GABA involvement

Author

Valerio Frazzini, Bertrand Mathon, Florian Donneger, Louis Cousyn, Aurélie Hanin, V.-H. Nguyen-Michel, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Sophie Dupont, Jean Christophe Poncer, Franck Bielle, and Vincent Navarro

Subjects
Neurons, Epilepsy, Neurology, Humans, Electroencephalography, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Lipofuscin
Abstract

Focal neuronal lipofuscinosis (FNL) is an uncommon epileptic disorder related to an excess of lipofuscin accumulation within dysmorphic-appearing neurons (DANs), whose epileptogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. It shares some clinical and neuroimaging similarities with focal cortical dysplasia of type IIb (FCDIIb), but it represents a different pathological entity. Here, we identified two patients with FNL among a 10-year cohort of 323 patients who underwent neurosurgery for a focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We describe the electroclinical, metabolic and neuropathological features of both patients with FNL who benefited from a comprehensive presurgical investigation. While the previous reports showed frontal lobe localization of the lesion, FNL was identified in the temporal lobe, in one of our patients. EEG investigations in both patients showed striking focal and rich interictal activity resembling that described in FCDIIb. Besides focal intraneuronal lipofuscin accumulation, the neuropathological analysis demonstrated that somata of DANs were surrounded by a large amount of GABAergic presynaptic buttons, suggesting the involvement of interneurons in the epileptogenicity of FNL. To further explore the role of GABAergic transmission in the generation of epileptiform activity in FNL, we performed in vitro multi-electrode array recordings on the post-surgery tissue from one patient. Spontaneous interictal-like discharges (IILDs) were identified only in the restricted area displaying the highest density of lipofuscin-containing DANs, suggesting a close correlation between the density of lipofuscin-containing neurons and epileptogenicity. Moreover, IILDs were blocked by the GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine. All together, these findings showed how GABA signaling may contribute to the generation of interictal-like activity in FNL tissue.

Published
2021

25. Comparing stimulus-evoked and spontaneous response of the face-selective multi-units in the human posterior fusiform gyrus

Author

Katia Lehongre, Virginie Lambrecq, Vadim Axelrod, Vincent Navarro, Tal Seidel Malkinson, Rina Schwartz, Camille Rozier, Claude Adam, and Lionel Naccache

Subjects
multi-unit recording in humans, AcademicSubjects/SCI01880, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Stimulus (physiology), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Conscious awareness, Medicine, spontaneous activity, 030304 developmental biology, AcademicSubjects/SCI02139, 0303 health sciences, Fusiform gyrus, Fusiform Face Area (FFA), business.industry, AcademicSubjects/SCI01870, conscious awareness, Human patient, AcademicSubjects/SCI02120, Fusiform face area, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Neurology, face-selective activity, AcademicSubjects/SCI01950, Neurology (clinical), stimulus-evoked activity, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract

The stimulus-evoked neural response is a widely explored phenomenon. Conscious awareness is associated in many cases with the corresponding selective stimulus-evoked response. For example, conscious awareness of a face stimulus is associated with or accompanied by stimulus-evoked activity in the fusiform face area (FFA). In addition to the stimulus-evoked response, spontaneous (i.e. task-unrelated) activity in the brain is also abundant. Notably, spontaneous activity is considered unconscious. For example, spontaneous activity in the FFA is not associated with conscious awareness of a face. The question is: what is the difference at the neural level between stimulus-evoked activity in a case that this activity is associated with conscious awareness of some content (e.g. activity in the FFA in response to fully visible face stimuli) and spontaneous activity in that same region of the brain? To answer this question, in the present study, we had a rare opportunity to record two face-selective multi-units in the vicinity of the FFA in a human patient. We compared multi-unit face-selective task-evoked activity with spontaneous prestimulus and a resting-state activity. We found that when activity was examined over relatively long temporal windows (e.g. 100–200 ms), face-selective stimulus-evoked firing in the recorded multi-units was much higher than the spontaneous activity. In contrast, when activity was examined over relatively short windows, we found many cases of high firing rates within the spontaneous activity that were comparable to stimulus-evoked activity. Our results thus indicate that the sustained activity is what might differentiate between stimulus-evoked activity that is associated with conscious awareness and spontaneous activity.

Published
2021

26. Face-selective multi-unit activity in the proximity of the FFA modulated by facial expression stimuli

Author

Vadim Axelrod, Camille Rozier, Tal Seidel Malkinson, Katia Lehongre, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Vincent Navarro, and Lionel Naccache

Subjects
Facial Expression, Behavioral Neuroscience, Brain Mapping, Cognitive Neuroscience, Emotions, Brain, Humans, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Fear
Abstract

When we see someone's face, our brain usually effortlessly extracts a variety of information such as facial identity, expression, or gaze direction. While it is widely accepted that dedicated subsystems are responsible for different aspects of face processing, how these subsystems work together is not yet fully understood. To this extent, one of the most explored questions is whether and if so, to what extent facial expression processing interacts with other stages of facial processing. In the present study, we report a rare case of a patient for whom we were able to record multi-unit activity (MUA) in the proximity of the fusiform face area (FFA) while two out of four recorded multi-units were face-selective. In our experiment, the human subject was shown images of neutral and fearful faces as well as everyday objects and frightening images of natural disaster. We found that activity of both face-selective units was modulated by facial expression stimuli, starting at about 150 ms from stimulus onset. For both facial conditions we observed abrupt increase in firing rate with a simultaneous peak, suggesting that this activity and the modulation by facial expression stimuli likely reflected feed-forward processing. Interestingly, while in one multi-unit, the firing rate for fearful faces was higher than for neutral faces, in the other multi-units the polarity was reversed. Finally, modulation in the face-selective units was specific to emotional facial stimuli, but not to emotional stimuli in general. The present multi-unit results, albeit obtained only for several multi-units, nevertheless are potentially valuable for understanding mechanisms of facial processing in humans.

Published
2021

27. Visual Information Routes in the Posterior Dorsal and Ventral Face Network Studied with Intracranial Neurophysiology and White Matter Tract Endpoints

Author

Vera Dinkelacker, Claude Adam, Katia Lehongre, Virginie Lambrecq, Franco Pestilli, Mariana Babo-Rebelo, Aina Puce, Nathalie George, Daniel Bullock, Laurent Hugueville, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Sorbonne Université (SU), Le Centre de Magnétoencéphalographie et d'Electroencéphalographie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MEG-EEG), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Rothschild [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Programs in Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Indiana University, Department of Neurology, Rothschild Foundation, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and GEORGE, Nathalie

Subjects
genetic structures, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), media_common, Temporal cortex, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, AcademicSubjects/SCI01870, iEEG, 05 social sciences, Electroencephalography, Superior temporal sulcus, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, Temporal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Original Article, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Neurophysiology, emotion, occipitotemporal cortex, Intraparietal sulcus, Biology, Stimulus (physiology), gaze, 050105 experimental psychology, White matter, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 03 medical and health sciences, Perception, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], AcademicSubjects/MED00385, 030304 developmental biology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, face, Social cue, Gaze, AcademicSubjects/MED00310, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Occipito-temporal regions within the face network process perceptual and socio-emotional information, but the dynamics and interactions between different nodes within this network remain unknown. Here, we analyzed intracerebral EEG from 11 epileptic patients viewing a stimulus sequence beginning with a neutral face with direct gaze. The gaze could avert or remain direct, while the emotion changed to fearful or happy. N200 field potential peak latencies indicated that face processing begins in inferior occipital cortex and proceeds anteroventrally to fusiform and inferior temporal cortices, in parallel. The superior temporal sulcus responded preferentially to gaze changes with augmented field potential amplitudes for averted versus direct gaze, and large effect sizes relative to other regions of the network. An overlap analysis of posterior white matter tractography endpoints (from 1066 healthy brains) relative to active intracerebral electrodes from the 11 patients showed likely involvement of both dorsal and ventral posterior white matter pathways. The inferior occipital and temporal sulci likely broadcast their information - the former dorsally to intraparietal sulcus, and the latter between fusiform and superior temporal cortex. Overall, our data call for inclusion of inferior temporal cortex in face processing models, and anchor the superior temporal cortex in dynamic gaze processing.

Published
2021
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28. From perception to action: Intracortical recordings reveal cortical gradients of human exogenous attention

Author

Tal Seidel Malkinson, Dimitri J. Bayle, Brigitte C. Kaufmann, Jianghao Liu, Alexia Bourgeois, Katia Lehongre, Sara Fernandez-Vidal, Vincent Navarro, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Daniel S. Margulies, Jacobo D. Sitt, and Paolo Bartolomeo

Subjects
Neural activity, medicine.anatomical_structure, Action (philosophy), Brain activity and meditation, Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine, Attention task, Human brain, Spatiotemporal resolution, Psychology, Neuroscience, media_common
Abstract

SummaryExogenous attention, the process that makes external salient stimuli pop-out of a visual scene, is essential for survival. How attention-capturing events modulate processing dynamics in the human brain remains unclear. We obtained a comprehensive depiction of attentional cortical dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution, by analyzing brain activity from 1,403 intracortical contacts implanted in 28 individuals, while they performed an exogenous attention task. The timing, location and task-relevance of attentional events defined a spatiotemporal gradient of three neural clusters, which mapped onto cortical core-periphery topography and presented a hierarchy of timescales, providing the scaffolding for attention temporal computations. Visual attributes modulated neural activity at one end of the gradient, while activity at the other end reflected the upcoming response timing, with attentional effects occurring at the intersection of visual and response signals. These findings reveal how the psychological construct of exogenous attention emerges over large-scale cortical gradients in the human brain.

Published
2021
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29. A brain atlas of axonal and synaptic delays based on modelling of cortico-cortical evoked potentials

Author

Jean-Didier, Lemaréchal, Maciej, Jedynak, Lena, Trebaul, Anthony, Boyer, François, Tadel, Manik, Bhattacharjee, Pierre, Deman, Viateur, Tuyisenge, Leila, Ayoubian, Etienne, Hugues, Blandine, Chanteloup-Forêt, Carole, Saubat, Raouf, Zouglech, Gina Catalina, Reyes Mejia, Sébastien, Tourbier, Patric, Hagmann, Claude, Adam, Carmen, Barba, Fabrice, Bartolomei, Thomas, Blauwblomme, Jonathan, Curot, François, Dubeau, Stefano, Francione, Mercedes, Garcés, Edouard, Hirsch, Elizabeth, Landré, Sinclair, Liu, Louis, Maillard, Eeva-Liisa, Metsähonkala, Ioana, Mindruta, Anca, Nica, Martin, Pail, Ana Maria, Petrescu, Sylvain, Rheims, Rodrigo, Rocamora, Andreas, Schulze-Bonhage, William, Szurhaj, Delphine, Taussig, Antonio, Valentin, Haixiang, Wang, Philippe, Kahane, Nathalie, George, Olivier, David, Elisa, Nacci, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Le Centre de Magnétoencéphalographie et d'Electroencéphalographie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MEG-EEG), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe [Valencia, Spain], CHU Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Jinan University [Guangzhou], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), University Emergency Hospital [Bucharest], Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University Hospital Brno, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Freiburg University Medical Center, CHU Lille, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO UMR5549), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe = University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg = University Medical Center Freiburg (Uniklinik), The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Councilunder the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC GrantAgreement no. 616268 F-TRACT, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 FrameworkProgramme for Research and Innovation under Specific Grant Agreement No. 785907 and945539 (Human Brain Project SGA2 and SGA3), and from the French 'Investissementsd’avenir' programme under grant numbers ANR-11-INBS-0006 and ANR-10-IAIHU-06. PHwas supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant #CRSII5_170873, ANR-11-INBS-0006,FLI,France Life Imaging(2011), European Project: 616268,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,F-TRACT(2014), European Project: 785907,H2020,HBP SGA2(2018), European Project: 945539,H2020,H2020-SGA-FETFLAG-HBP-2019,HBP SGA3(2020), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Infrastructures - France Life Imaging - - FLI2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0006 - INBS - VALID, Functional Brain Tractography - F-TRACT - - EC:FP7:ERC2014-08-01 - 2019-07-31 - 616268 - VALID, Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 2 - HBP SGA2 - - H20202018-04-01 - 2020-03-31 - 785907 - VALID, and Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 3 - HBP SGA3 - - H20202020-01-01 - 2023-09-30 - 945539 - VALID

Subjects
neural mass models, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, cortico-cortical evoked potential, Brain, Bayes Theorem, Electric Stimulation, dynamic causal modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, axonal conduction delay, Humans, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], synaptic time constant, Evoked Potentials, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Epilepsy presurgical investigation may include focal intracortical single-pulse electrical stimulations with depth electrodes, which induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials at distant sites because of white matter connectivity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials provide a unique window on functional brain networks because they contain sufficient information to infer dynamical properties of large-scale brain connectivity, such as preferred directionality and propagation latencies. Here, we developed a biologically informed modelling approach to estimate the neural physiological parameters of brain functional networks from the cortico-cortical evoked potentials recorded in a large multicentric database. Specifically, we considered each cortico-cortical evoked potential as the output of a transient stimulus entering the stimulated region, which directly propagated to the recording region. Both regions were modelled as coupled neural mass models, the parameters of which were estimated from the first cortico-cortical evoked potential component, occurring before 80 ms, using dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model inversion. This methodology was applied to the data of 780 patients with epilepsy from the F-TRACT database, providing a total of 34 354 bipolar stimulations and 774 445 cortico-cortical evoked potentials. The cortical mapping of the local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic time constants and of the axonal conduction delays between cortical regions was obtained at the population level using anatomy-based averaging procedures, based on the Lausanne2008 and the HCP-MMP1 parcellation schemes, containing 130 and 360 parcels, respectively. To rule out brain maturation effects, a separate analysis was performed for older (>15 years) and younger patients (

Published
2021
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30. Temporal pole epilepsy surgery—Sparing the hippocampus

Author

Marie-Odile Habert, Claude Adam, Stéphane Clemenceau, Bertrand Mathon, Sophie Dupont, Bastien Herlin, and Vincent Navarro

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hippocampus, Temporal lobe, Lesion, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Epilepsy surgery, Hyperkinetic seizures, Temporal pole, Seizure types, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, 030104 developmental biology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Temporal pole epilepsy (TPE) is a poorly known and difficult to individualize subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy. Consequently, in drug-resistant TPE, there is still a debate on the need for a large surgical removal of the temporal pole and mesial temporal structures or a limited resection of the temporal pole. We reviewed all patients who underwent presurgical evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy over a 17-year period, and report here 19 patients with proven drug-resistant temporal pole epilepsy who underwent a selective temporal pole resection with respect to mesial structures. Most (15) TPE patients exhibited seizures resembling mesiotemporal seizures, whereas the others exhibited nocturnal hyperkinetic seizures or an association of both seizure types. MRI revealed a temporal pole lesion in 58% of patients. Long-term postoperative outcome after a conservative surgery was excellent: 63% of patients were seizure-free (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] 1) at 1-year postsurgery and 78% at 5 years. These results show that TPE has no specific electroclinical features but is a distinct type of temporal lobe epilepsy allowing a conservative surgery. Respecting the mesiotemporal structures is a valid surgical approach for drug-resistant temporal pole epilepsy.

Published
2020
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32. Medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis is a distinctive syndrome

Author

Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Chiara Zavanone, Young Joo No, Yves Samson, Sophie Dupont, Franck Bielle, Vincent Navarro, Claude Adam, Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neuropathologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurophysiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, and Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MPR)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Neurology, Adolescent, Video Recording, Hippocampus, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Ictal, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Age of Onset, Neuroradiology, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, 05 social sciences, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, nervous system diseases, 3. Good health, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Epileptic syndromes are distinctive disorders with specific features, which when taken together, permit a specific diagnosis. There is actually a debate on that medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is an epileptic syndrome. To address this issue, we searched for discriminative semiological features between temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS patients or group 1), TLE patients with medial structural lesion other than hippocampal sclerosis or in MRI-negative cases with medial onset on further investigations (group 2) and lateral TLE patients (LTLE or group 3). We retrospectively collected data from medical and EEG-video records of 523 TLE patients, referred for surgery to the Pitié-Salpêtrière Epileptology Unit between 1991 and 2014. We identified 389 patients belonging to group 1, 61 patients belonging to group 2, and 73 patients belonging to group 3 and performed a comparative analysis of their clinical data and surgical outcomes. TLE-HS patients (group 1): (1) began epilepsy earlier (11 ± 9 vs. 20 ± 10 vs. 15 ± 9 years); (2) exhibited more frequently early febrile convulsions (FC) (59 vs 7 vs 5%); (3) presented more: ictal gestural automatisms (90 vs 54 vs 67%), dystonic posturing (47 vs 20 vs 23%), and secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) (70 vs 44% vs 48%) as compared to both groups 2 and 3 patients (all p < 0.001). With respect to auras, abdominal visceral auras were more reported by TLE-HS than by LTLE patients (49 vs 16%). Three cardinal criteria correctly classified 94% of patients into TLE-HS group: history of FC, dystonic posturing, and secondary GTCS. Postoperative outcome was significantly better in TLE-HS group than in the two other groups (p = 0.03 and 0.003). Our study demonstrates that cardinal criteria are reliably helpful to distinguish patients with TLE-HS from those with other TLE and may allow considering TLE-HS as a distinctive syndrome.

Published
2017
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33. Conscious and unconscious expectancy effects: A behavioral, scalp and intracranial electroencephalography study

Author

Stéphane Clemenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Katia Lehongre, Vincent Navarro, Camille Rozier, Michel Baulac, Tal Seidel Malkinson, Claude Adam, Lionel Naccache, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de médecine [CHU Pitié Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurophysiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
Adult, Male, Unconscious mind, Consciousness, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Electroencephalography, Subliminal, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Temporal attention, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Attention, EEG, Unconscious cognition, Contingent negative variation, Expectancy theory, Cerebral Cortex, Behavior, Unconscious, Psychology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Working memory, iEEG, 05 social sciences, Subliminal stimuli, Anticipation, Psychological, Brain Waves, Sensory Systems, Visual masking, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurology, Visual Perception, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cues, Psychology, Perceptual Masking, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Objective The scope of unconscious cognition stretched its limits dramatically during the last 40 years, yet most unconscious processes and representations that have been described so far are fleeting and very short-lived, whereas conscious representations can be actively maintained in working memory for a virtually unlimited period. In the present work we aimed at exploring conscious and unconscious lasting (>1 second) expectancy effects. Methods In a series of four experiments we engaged participants in the foreperiod paradigm while using both unmasked and masked cues that were informative about the presence/absence of an upcoming target. We recorded behavioral responses, high-density scalp EEG (Exp. 2a), and intra-cranial EEG (Exp. 2b). Results While conscious expectancy was associated with a large behavioral effect (~150 ms), unconscious expectancy effect was significant but much smaller (4 ms). Both conscious and unconscious expectancy Contingent Negative Variations (CNVs) originated from temporal cortices, but only the late component of conscious CNV originated from an additional source located in the vicinity of mesio-frontal areas and supplementary motor areas. Finally, only conscious expectancy was accessible to introspection. Conclusions Both unmasked and masked cues had an impact on response times and on brain activity. Significance These results support a two-stage model of the underlying mechanisms of expectancy.

Published
2020
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34. Human periventricular nodular heterotopia shows several interictal epileptic patterns, associated with hyperexcitability of neuronal firing

Author

Dominique Hasboun, Stephen Whitmarsh, Frazzini, Bertrand Mathon, Claude Adam, Lambrecq, Navarro, Lemarechal J, Pierre Yger, and Katia Lehongre

Subjects
Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, Cortical malformations, Neurophysiology, Biology, Malformation of cortical development, medicine.disease, Epilepsy, medicine.anatomical_structure, In vivo, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Ictal, Neuron, Neuroscience
Abstract

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a malformation of cortical development that frequently causes drug-resistant epilepsy. The epileptogenicity of ectopic neurons in PNH as well as their role in generating interictal and ictal activity is still a matter of debate. We report the first in vivo microelectrode recording of heterotopic neurons in humans. Highly consistent interictal patterns (IPs) were identified within the nodules: 1) Periodic Discharges PLUS Fast activity (PD+F), Sporadic discharges PLUS Fast activity (SD+F), and 3) epileptic spikes (ES). Neuronal firing rates were significantly modulated during all IPs, suggesting that multiple IPs were generated by the same local neuronal populations. Furthermore, firing rates closely followed IP morphologies. Among the different IPs, SD+FA pattern was found only in the three nodules that were actively involved in seizure generation, but was never observed in the nodule that did not take part in ictal discharges. On the contrary, PD+F and ES were identified in all nodules. Units that were modulated during the IPs were also found to participate in seizures, increasing their firing rate at seizure onset and maintaining an elevated rate during the seizures. Together, nodules in PNH are highly epileptogenic, and show several IPs that provide promising pathognomonic signatures of PNH. Furthermore, our results show that PNH nodules may well initiate seizures.HighlightsFirst in vivo microelectrode description of local epileptic activities in human PNHRecordings revealed multiple microscopic epileptic interictal patternsFiring rates of all detected units were significantly modulated during all interictal patternsSeizures recruited the same units that are involved in interictal activity

Published
2019
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35. Wave-particle and wave-wave interactions in hot plasmas: a French historical point of view

Author

Jean-Claude Adam, Denis Pesme, and Guy Laval

Subjects
Physics, Theoretical physics, Wave–particle duality, Point (typography), 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear fusion, Plasma, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

The first researches on nuclear fusion for energy applications marked the entrance of hot plasmas into the laboratory. It became necessary to understand the behavior of such plasmas and to learn how to manipulate them. Theoreticians and experimentalists, building on the foundations of empirical laws, had to construct this new plasma physics from first principles and to explain the results of more and more complicated experiments. Along this line, two important topics emerged: wave-particle and wave-wave interactions. Here, their history is recalled as it has been lived by a French team from the end of the sixties to the beginning of the twenty-first century.

Published
2016
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36. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy: When does it stop to be asymptomatic and need a treatment?

Author

Céline Labeyrie, Claude Adam, C Lacroix, Guillemette Beaudonnet, Marie Théaudin, David H. Adams, and Cécile Cauquil

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Genetic counseling, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Prealbumin, Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Amyloidosis, medicine.disease, Penetrance, Transthyretin, Neurology, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Age of onset, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Rare disease
Abstract

Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a rare disease with autosomal transmission due to point mutation of the transthyretin (TTR) gene. It is the most disabling hereditary neuropathy affecting sensory, motor and autonomic nerves, and is irreversible and fatal within 7 to 12 years of onset in the absence of therapy. Diagnosis is usually delayed for 1-5 years because the onset is usually insidious, and a positive family history is lacking in 50% of late-onset cases. Penetrance is variable, and depends of the age of the carrier and age of onset in family members. Two treatments are available: liver transplantation, to suppress the main source of systemic production of mutant TTR; and TTR tetramer stabilizer drugs, to avoid the release of highly amyloidogenic monomers and oligomers. These therapies are able to stop or slow the progression of the disease in its early stages. Genetic counseling is crucial to detect carriers at risk of developing the disease. The European network for TTR-FAP recommends careful baseline assessment by questionnaire, clinical examination and neurophysiological tests, and periodic consultations to detect the onset of disease in time to start anti-amyloid therapy after biopsy findings of amyloid deposition. A therapeutic educational program is important for improving patients' awareness. Patients are considered symptomatic and ill when they themselves perceive symptoms or changes, including changes from baseline measurements on neurophysiological tests, followed by findings of amyloid deposition on biopsy. The most sensitive biopsies are from the labial salivary gland and skin.

Published
2016
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37. Face-selective neurons in the vicinity of the human fusiform face area

Author

Virginie Lambrecq, Lionel Naccache, Vadim Axelrod, Camille Rozier, Tal Seidel Malkinson, Vincent Navarro, Katia Lehongre, and Claude Adam

Subjects
Neurons, Epilepsy, Photic Stimulation, Visual Physiology, Recognition, Psychology, Cellular level, Fusiform face area, 03 medical and health sciences, Neural activity, 0302 clinical medicine, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Face perception, Face (geometry), Face, Pattern recognition (psychology), Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Visual Cortex
Abstract

Face perception is thought to be mediated by neural activity in the occipital and posterior temporal cortex.1,2 However, the face-selective neurons at the cellular level in these areas in humans have never been demonstrated. We had a rare opportunity to record intracranial multi-unit activity in an epilepsy patient near the fusiform face area2 (figure 1A). We identified 2 units with highly face-selective response to static images of familiar (famous) and unfamiliar faces (figure 1B and video 1; figure e-1a, doi.org/10.5061/dryad.81t0fq1) as well as to human and animal faces that appeared in a movie (figure 1C, video 1, figure e-1b).

Published
2019

38. Four core properties of the human brain valuation system demonstrated in intracranial signals

Author

Philippe Kahane, Mathilde Petton, Claude Adam, Mathias Pessiglione, Raphaëlle Abitbol, Alizée Lopez-Persem, Vincent Navarro, Julien Bastin, Philippe Domenech, Sylvain Rheims, Katia Lehongre, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (GIN), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departement de Neurologie (HCL), Pôle de Psychiatrie [Hôpital Henri Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE37-0018,DECID,Exploration de la dynamique des circuits neuronaux durant les mécanismes de prise de décision(2017), ANR-18-CE28-0016,CausaL,Architectures cognitives de l'apprentissage causale(2018), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Automaticity, Hippocampus, Choice Behavior, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Electrocorticography, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Brain, Human brain, Middle Aged, Anticipation, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, Value (mathematics), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Estimating the value of alternative options is a key process in decision-making. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging and monkey electrophysiology studies have identified brain regions, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), composing a value system. In the present study, in an effort to bridge across species and techniques, we investigated the neural representation of value ratings in 36 people with epilepsy, using intracranial electroencephalography. We found that subjective value was positively reflected in both vmPFC and lOFC high-frequency activity, plus several other brain regions, including the hippocampus. We then demonstrated that subjective value could be decoded (1) in pre-stimulus activity, (2) for various categories of items, (3) even during a distractive task and (4) as both linear and quadratic signals (encoding both value and confidence). Thus, our findings specify key functional properties of neural value signals (anticipation, generality, automaticity, quadraticity), which might provide insights into human irrational choice behaviors.

Published
2018
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39. Épilepsie et conduite automobile

Author

Claude Adam

Subjects
business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, Poison control, Alcohol abuse, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Epilepsy, Injury prevention, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Medical emergency, European union, business, media_common
Abstract

Epilepsy contributes little to road traffic accidents (0.25% of accidents) compared, for instance, to alcohol abuse (at least 30 times higher). Current factors, such as age and sex, or other chronic medical conditions also increase the risk of road traffic accidents but do not carry driving restrictions. So, the European Commission fairly established rules permitting individuals having experienced one or more epileptic seizures to drive if their road accident risk is low. Road accident risk related to epileptic seizures in various clinical situations is evaluated by the driving license commission, mainly with the aid of criteria based on seizure-free periods. A person who has had an epileptic seizure should notify the authorities. He should be advised by treating physician not to drive before. In case of an authorisation, any new relevant event should be notified to the authorities in the course of legal follow-up. Improvements of the current regulations by European data registries are under way.

Published
2015
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40. Probabilistic functional tractography of the human cortex revisited

Author

Thomas Blauwblomme, Martin Pail, M. Jedynak, Caroline Saubat, Pierre Deman, Luca De Palma, Sinclair Liu, Elizabeth Landre, Rodrigo Rocamora, Edouard Hirsch, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Manik Bhattacharjee, Delphine Taussig, Blandine Chanteloup-Foret, François Dubeau, Agnès Trébuchon, William Szurhaj, Stefano Francione, Viateur Tuyisenge, Luc Valton, Lena Trebaul, Louis Maillard, Gina Catalina Reyes Mejia, Anca Nica, Eeva-Liisa Metsähonkala, Ana Maria Petrescu, Antonio Valentin, Mercedes Garcés, Claude Adam, Olivier David, Haixiang Wang, Ioana Mindruta, Sylvain Rheims, Etienne Hugues, Philippe Kahane, François Tadel, David Rudrauf, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Département de mathématiques [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U1249), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Epilepsies, Lesions Cerebrales et Systemes Neuraux de la Cognition, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Computer & Information Sciences Department, Fordham University, Fordham University [New York], INSERM U836, équipe 9, Dynamique des réseaux synchrones épileptiques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'explorations neurologiques et épileptologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Centre « Claudio-Munari » pour la chirurgie de l'épilepsie et du Parkinson, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Neurologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Maquin, Didier, Doctoral Programme in Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinicum, Lastentautien yksikkö, Children's Hospital, and HUS Children and Adolescents

Subjects
Male, MOTOR SYSTEM, Connectome/methods, Databases, Factual, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Connectivity mapping, Intracranial Electroencephalography, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Evoked Potentials/physiology, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY, Focal Epilepsies, Child, Neocortical epilepsy, Evoked Potentials, IN-VIVO, Cerebral Cortex, 05 social sciences, Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology, Human brain, Middle Aged, HUMAN BRAIN, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology, Neurology, Cerebral cortex, Child, Preschool, Female, Cortico-cortical evoked potentials, PULSE ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION, EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY, Tractography, Adult, LANGUAGE SYSTEM, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, NEOCORTICAL EPILEPSY, 050105 experimental psychology, Electrocorticography/methods, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Young Adult, Atlases as Topic, Motor system, medicine, Connectome, Humans, Brain atlas, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Preschool, Factual, business.industry, ICTAL ONSET, 3112 Neurosciences, Probabilistic logic, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Pattern recognition, CORTICOCORTICAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, medicine.disease, Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging, Artificial intelligence, Electrocorticography, business, Intracranial electroencephalogram, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In patients with pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies investigated with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), direct electrical stimulations of a cortical region induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP) in distant cerebral cortex, which properties can be used to infer large scale brain connectivity. In 2013, we proposed a new probabilistic functional tractography methodology to study human brain connectivity. We have now been revisiting this method in the F-TRACT project (f-tract.eu) by developing a large multicenter CCEP database of several thousand stimulation runs performed in several hundred patients, and associated processing tools to create a probabilistic atlas of human cortico-cortical connections. Here, we wish to present a snapshot of the methods and data of F-TRACT using a pool of 213 epilepsy patients, all studied by stereo-encephalography with intracerebral depth electrodes. The CCEPs were processed using an automated pipeline with the following consecutive steps: detection of each stimulation run from stimulation artifacts in raw intracranial EEG (iEEG) files, bad channels detection with a machine learning approach, model-based stimulation artifact correction, robust averaging over stimulation pulses. Effective connectivity between the stimulated and recording areas is then inferred from the properties of the first CCEP component, i.e. onset and peak latency, amplitude, duration and integral of the significant part. Finally, group statistics of CCEP features are implemented for each brain parcel explored by iEEG electrodes. The localization (coordinates, white/gray matter relative positioning) of electrode contacts were obtained from imaging data (anatomical MRI or CT scans before and after electrodes implantation). The iEEG contacts were repositioned in different brain parcellations from the segmentation of patients' anatomical MRI or from templates in the MNI coordinate system. The F-TRACT database using the first pool of 213 patients provided connectivity probability values for 95% of possible intrahemispheric and 56% of interhemispheric connections and CCEP features for 78% of intrahemisheric and 14% of interhemispheric connections. In this report, we show some examples of anatomo-functional connectivity matrices, and associated directional maps. We also indicate how CCEP features, especially latencies, are related to spatial distances, and allow estimating the velocity distribution of neuronal signals at a large scale. Finally, we describe the impact on the estimated connectivity of the stimulation charge and of the contact localization according to the white or gray matter. The most relevant maps for the scientific community are available for download on f-tract. eu (David et al., 2017) and will be regularly updated during the following months with the addition of more data in the F-TRACT database. This will provide an unprecedented knowledge on the dynamical properties of large fiber tracts in human. he research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 616268 “F-TRACT”. All the computations presented in this paper were performed using the CIMENT infrastructure (https://ciment.ujf-grenoble.fr), which is supported by the Rhône-Alpes region (GRANT CPER07_13 CIRA: http://www.ci-ra.org). We thank Bruno Bzenik and Romain Cavagna for their help on the CIMENT facility, and Jean-François Mangin and Cyril Poupon from Neurospin, CEA Saclay, for providing us with the ARCHI DTI database.

Published
2018
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41. New clinicopathological associations and histoprognostic markers in ILAE types of hippocampal sclerosis

Author

Valérie Thuriès, Claude Adam, Pierre Levy, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Charles Duyckaerts, Stéphane Clemenceau, Véronique Samson, Michel Baulac, Virginie Lambrecq, Anne Bertrand, Ana Laura Calderón-Garcidueñas, Bertrand Mathon, Vincent Navarro, Sophie Dupont, Karima Mokhtari, Franck Bielle, Service de Neuropathologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Universidad Veracruzana, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Antigens, CD34, Status epilepticus, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunophenotyping, Intermediate Filament Proteins, medicine, Humans, Gliosis, Research Articles, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, biology, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Granule cell, Prognosis, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, biology.protein, Female, Neurology (clinical), NeuN, medicine.symptom, business, Corrigendum, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a heterogeneous syndrome. Surgery results in seizure freedom for most pharmacoresistant patients, but the epileptic and cognitive prognosis remains variable. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) histopathological classification of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) has fostered research to understand MTLE-HS heterogeneity. We investigated the associations between histopathological features (ILAE types, hypertrophic CA4 neurons, granule cell layer alterations, CD34 immunopositive cells) and clinical features (presurgical history, postsurgical outcome) in a monocentric series of 247 MTLE-HS patients treated by surgery. NeuN, GFAP and CD34 immunostainings and a double independent pathological examination were performed. 186 samples were type 1, 47 type 2, 7 type 3 and 7 samples were gliosis only but no neuronal loss (noHS). In the type 1, hypertrophic CA4 neurons were associated with a worse postsurgical outcome and granule cell layer duplication was associated with generalized seizures and episodes of status epilepticus. In the type 2, granule cell layer duplication was associated with generalized seizures. CD34+ stellate cells were more frequent in the type 2, type 3 and in noHS. These cells had a Nestin and SOX2 positive, immature neural immunophenotype. Patients with nodules of CD34+ cells had more frequent dysmnesic auras. CD34+ stellate cells in scarce pattern were associated with higher ratio of normal MRI and of stereo-electroencephalographic studies. CD34+ cells were associated with a trend for a better postsurgical outcome. Among CD34+ cases, we proposed a new entity of BRAF V600E positive HS and we described three hippocampal multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumours. To conclude, our data identified new clinicopathological associations with ILAE types. They showed the prognostic value of CA4 hypertrophic neurons. They highlighted CD34+ stellate cells and BRAF V600E as biomarkers to further decipher MTLE-HS heterogeneity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2018
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42. Single‐unit activities during the transition to seizures in deep mesial structures

Author

Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, Stéphane Clemenceau, Stéphane Charpier, Michel Baulac, Vincent Navarro, Katia Lehongre, Dominique Hasboun, Michel Le Van Quyen, Bertrand Mathon, Valerio Frazzini, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Action Potentials, Electroencephalography, Temporal Lobe, Electrodes, Implanted, 03 medical and health sciences, Brain region, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, nervous system, Neurology, Seizures, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Neurology (clinical), business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Focal seizures are assumed to arise from a hypersynchronous activity affecting a circumscribed brain region. Using microelectrodes in seizure-generating deep mesial regions of 9 patients, we investigated the firing of hundreds of single neurons before, during, and after ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) discharges. Neuronal spiking activity at seizure initiation was highly heterogeneous and not hypersynchronous. Furthermore, groups of neurons showed significant changes in activity minutes before the seizure with no concomitant changes in the corresponding macroscopic EEG recordings. Altogether, our findings suggest that only limited subsets of neurons in epileptic depth regions initiate the seizure-onset and that ictogenic mechanisms operate in submillimeter-scale microdomains. Ann Neurol 2017 Ann Neurol 2017;82:1022-1028.

Published
2017
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43. Network spread of intracranially induced oscillatory activity in the brain

Author

Tristan Moreau, Julià Amengual, Chloé Stengel, Miguel Duarte, Claude Adam, Mario Chavez, Antoni Valero-Cabré, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FRONTLAB: Fonctions et dysfonctions de systèmes frontaux [ICM Paris] (FRONTlab), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), MOREAU, Tristan, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FRONTlab - Systèmes frontaux : fonctions et dysfonctions (FRONTlab), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

44. Understanding Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: insights from focal epilepsy patients with Lennox-Gastaut features

Author

Virginie Lambrecq, Claude Adam, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Isabelle An-Gourfinkel, Vincent Navarro, Raluca Banica-Wolters, and Sophie Dupont

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Refractory seizures, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Neurology, Video Recording, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, medicine, Humans, Lennox gastaut, Ictal, Neuroradiology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To delineate the clinical and EEG features of adults with focal epilepsy associated with a generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) pattern on EEG who developed refractory seizures, notably drop attacks, but do not fulfill the classical triad for the diagnosis of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and provide further insight into LGS mechanisms. Among 957 patients admitted to video-EEG monitoring between 2002 and 2015, we retrospectively research adult patients with refractory focal epilepsy, drop attacks and GPFA on EEG. We collected demographic, anamnestic, and clinical data from medical records. We reviewed for all patients the interictal and ictal video-EEG recordings. We identified ten patients with focal epilepsy and electro-clinical features of LGS. As compared to classical LGS patients, our patients: (1) began epilepsy later (15.4 ± 8 years); (2) exhibited exclusively focal onset seizures, including drop attacks seizures linked to focal asymmetrical tonic posturing seizures; (3) had a stable cognition over time and (4) evolved favourably with a good secondary response to treatments in 80% of cases. Interestingly, all patients exhibited apparent diffuse interictal and ictal EEG abnormalities but a detailed analysis revealed that 50% had asymmetrical GPFA and 70% secondary bilateral synchrony processes. We may hypothesize here that a process of “secondary LGS” occurred which produced a worsening of seizures with the apparition of drop attacks and GPFA on EEG. This study brings arguments to consider that some cases of LGS could be linked to the development of a “secondary epileptic network” driven by a primary focal epileptic zone.

Published
2017

45. Event-Related Potential, Time-frequency, and Functional Connectivity Facets of Local and Global Auditory Novelty Processing: An Intracranial Study in Humans

Author

Lionel Naccache, Stanislas Dehaene, Imen El Karoui, Dominique Hasboun, Laurent D. Cohen, Vincent Navarro, Michel Baulac, Simon van Gaal, Jean-Rémi King, Jacobo D. Sitt, Claude Adam, Florent Meyniel, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Video Recording, Mismatch negativity, Electroencephalography, Auditory cortex, Novelty detection, Brain mapping, Article, Young Adult, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, P3a, Event-related potential, Neural Pathways, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Humans, Evoked Potentials, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, Novelty, Brain, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Middle Aged, Acoustic Stimulation, Face, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Auditory Perception, Female, Psychology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation
Abstract

International audience; Auditory novelty detection has been associated with different cognitive processes. Bekinschtein et al. (2009) developed an experimental paradigm to dissociate these processes, using local and global novelty, which were associated, respectively, with automatic versus strategic perceptual processing. They have mostly been studied using event-related potentials (ERPs), but local spiking activity as indexed by gamma (60-120 Hz) power and interactions between brain regions as indexed by modulations in beta-band (13-25 Hz) power and functional connectivity have not been explored. We thus recorded 9 epileptic patients with intracranial electrodes to compare the precise dynamics of the responses to local and global novelty. Local novelty triggered an early response observed as an intracranial mismatch negativity (MMN) contemporary with a strong power increase in the gamma band and an increase in connectivity in the beta band. Importantly, all these responses were strictly confined to the temporal auditory cortex. In contrast, global novelty gave rise to a late ERP response distributed across brain areas, contemporary with a sustained power decrease in the beta band (13-25 Hz) and an increase in connectivity in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) within the frontal lobe. We discuss these multi-facet signatures in terms of conscious access to perceptual information.

Published
2014
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46. Atonie et mouvements anormaux : diagnostic différentiel entre narcolepsie et épilepsie

Author

Isabelle Arnulf, L. Thivard, Olivier Pallanca, Vincent Navarro, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Claude Adam, and Vera Dinkelacker

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Objectif Le delai diagnostique de la narcolepsie de type 1 (NT1) reste de nos jours considerable. L’epilepsie constitue un diagnostic differentiel parfois delicat. Nous rapportons ici le cas d’un patient souffrant de « secousses du membre superieur », resistant a deux ans de traitement antiepileptique, dont l’analyse du monitorage video-electroencephalographique (EEG) a permis de porter un diagnostic de cataplexie partielle. Methodes Analyse video-EEG et electromyogramme (EMG) et recapitulatif des caracteristiques electrocliniques pouvant orienter entre les diagnostics d’epilepsie et de NT1. Resultats Le patient de 26 ans developpait des malaises brefs et stereotypes (secousses du membre superieur droit, trouble du langage, rares chutes). L’analyse de la video et de l’EMG permettait d’affirmer la presence d’une atonie partielle intermittente, notamment faciale, a l’origine d’un emoussement du langage, et de secousses des membres superieures, voisines de myoclonies negatives. Le diagnostic de NT1 etait confirme par l’etude du sommeil. Nous resumons les caracteristiques d’atonie liee a la NT1 et aux syndromes epileptiques bien definis (syndrome de Doose et de Lennox Gastaut, souvent associes a un retard mental), et ceux d’autres mecanismes de chute (myoclonies positives, asystolie ictale). Conclusion La NT1 continue de poser de difficultes diagnostiques, notamment dans un contexte de cataplexie partielle pretant a confusion avec l’epilepsie focale.

Published
2018
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47. 'I feel my arm shaking': partial cataplexy mistaken for drug-resistant focal epilepsy

Author

Isabelle Arnulf, Olivier Pallanca, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Vera Dinkelacker, Claude Adam, Lionel Thivard, and Vincent Navarro

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Cataplexy, Polysomnography, Modafinil, Drug resistance, Electroencephalography, Audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Diagnostic Errors, Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, General Medicine, Wakefulness-Promoting Agents, medicine.disease, 030228 respiratory system, Arm, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stress, Psychological, Narcolepsy
Published
2017

48. Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis

Author

Stéphane Clemenceau, Anne Bertrand, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Sophie Dupont, Franck Bielle, Ana Laura Calderón-Garcidueñas, Bertrand Mathon, Michel Baulac, Alexandre Carpentier, Vincent Navarro, Odile Plaisant, Philippe Cornu, Charles Duyckaerts, Séverine Samson, Virginie Lambrecq, Richard B. Miles, Claude Adam, Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay ( IBITECS ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale et Radiobiologie ( LBSR ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain ( ARAMIS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Service de neuroradiologie diagnostique et fonctionnelle [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (IBITECS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale et Radiobiologie (LBSR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Inria de Paris, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neuropathology, Status epilepticus, Hippocampus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychiatric history, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Epilepsy surgery, Longitudinal Studies, Anterior temporal lobectomy, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Anterior Temporal Lobectomy, 3. Good health, Surgery, nervous system diseases, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE:The reasons for failure of surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) remain unclear. This retrospective study analyzed seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes, searching for factors associated with seizure relapse or cognitive and psychiatric deterioration after MTLE-HS surgery.METHODS:Seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes were reviewed after 389 surgeries performed between 1990 and 2015 on patients aged 15-67 years at a tertiary center. Three surgical approaches were used: anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL; n = 209), transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH; n = 144), and transsylvian SAH (n = 36).RESULTS:With an average follow-up of 8.7 years (range = 1.0-25.2), seizure outcome was classified as Engel I in 83.7% and Engel Ia in 57.1% of patients. The histological classification of HS was type 1 for 75.3% of patients, type 2 for 18.7%, and type 3 for 1.2%. Two factors were significantly associated with seizure recurrence: past history of status epilepticus and preoperative intracranial electroencephalographic recording. In contrast, neither HS type, the presence of a dual pathology, nor surgical approach was associated with seizure outcome. Risk of cognitive impairment was 3.12 (95% confidence interval = 1.27-7.70), greater in patients after ATL than in patients after transcortical SAH. A presurgical psychiatric history and postoperative cognitive impairment were associated with poor psychiatric outcome.SIGNIFICANCE:The SAH and ATL approaches have similar beneficial effects on seizure control, whereas transcortical SAH tends to minimize cognitive deterioration after surgery. Variation in postsurgical outcome with the class of HS should be investigated further.

Published
2017
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49. Local entrainment of oscillatory activity induced by direct brain stimulation in humans

Author

Antoni Valero-Cabré, Julià L. Amengual, Claude Adam, Marine Vernet, HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UOC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, direct brain stimulation, Deep brain stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Direct brain stimulation, Stimulation, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhythm, neural oscillation, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Evoked Potentials, Cerebro -- Estimulación, Multidisciplinary, epilèpsia, Brain, Cervell -- Estimulació, estimulació cerebral directa, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, estimulación cerebral directa, Brain stimulation, Neural oscillation, epilepsy, Female, oscilación neural, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], oscil·lació neural, Entrainment (chronobiology), epilepsia, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In a quest for direct evidence of oscillation entrainment, we analyzed intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings obtained during intracranial electrical stimulation in a cohort of three medication-resistant epilepsy patients tested pre-surgically. Spectral analyses of non-epileptogenic cerebral sites stimulated directly with high frequency electrical bursts yielded episodic local enhancements of frequency-specific rhythmic activity, phase-locked to each individual pulse. These outcomes reveal an entrainment of physiological oscillatory activity within a frequency band dictated by the rhythm of the stimulation source. Our results support future uses of rhythmic stimulation to elucidate the causal contributions of synchrony to specific aspects of human cognition and to further develop the therapeutic manipulation of dysfunctional rhythmic activity subtending the symptoms of some neuropsychiatric conditions. En una búsqueda de evidencia directa de arrastre de oscilación, se analizaron los registros electroencefalográficos intracerebrales obtenidos durante la estimulación eléctrica intracraneal en una cohorte de tres pacientes epilépticos resistentes a la medicación probados prequirúrgicamente. Los análisis espectrales de puntos cerebrales no epileptógenos estimulados directamente con ráfagas eléctricas de alta frecuencia produjeron mejoras episódicas locales de la actividad rítmica específica de frecuencia, bloqueada de fase a cada impulso individual. Estos resultados revelan un arrastre de la actividad oscilatoria fisiológica dentro de una banda de frecuencia dictada por el ritmo de la fuente de estimulación. Nuestros resultados apoyan los usos futuros de la estimulación rítmica para dilucidar las contribuciones causales de la sincronía a aspectos específicos de la cognición humana y para desarrollar aún más la manipulación terapéutica de la actividad rítmica disfuncional que subtiende los síntomas de algunas afecciones neuropsiquiátricas. En una recerca d'evidència directa d'arrossegament d'oscil·lació, es van analitzar els registres electroencefalogràfics intracerebrals obtinguts durant l'estimulació elèctrica intracranial en una cohort de tres pacients epilèptics resistents a la medicació provats prequirúrgicament. Les anàlisis espectrals de punts cerebrals no epileptògens estimulats directament amb ràfegues elèctriques d'alta freqüència van produir millores episòdiques locals de l'activitat rítmica específica de freqüència, bloquejada de fase a cada impuls individual. Aquests resultats revelen un arrossegament de l'activitat oscil·latòria fisiològica dins d'una banda de freqüència dictada pel ritme de la font d'estimulació. Els nostres resultats recolzen els usos futurs de l'estimulació rítmica per dilucidar les contribucions causals de la sincronia a aspectes específics de la cognició humana i per desenvolupar encara més la manipulació terapèutica de l'activitat rítmica disfuncional que subtendeix els símptomes d'algunes afeccions neuropsiquiàtriques.

Published
2017
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50. Complications after surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis

Author

Stéphane Clemenceau, Franck Bielle, Vincent Navarro, Claude Adam, Alexandre Carpentier, Sophie Dupont, Bertrand Mathon, Michel Baulac, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Philippe Cornu, Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuropathologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MPR), and HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Intracranial hematoma, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Visual field defects, 0302 clinical medicine, Epilepsy surgery, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Quadrantanopia, Anterior temporal lobectomy, Subdural empyema, Hippocampal sclerosis, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Predictors, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Surgery, Hydrocephalus, Anesthesia, Adverse events, Neurology (clinical), Morbidity, Mesial temporal sclerosis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundHippocampal sclerosis is the most common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy amenable for surgical treatment and seizure control. This study aimed to analyze morbidities related to surgery of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis and to identify possible risk factors for complications.MethodsA retrospective analysis of postoperative complications was made for 389 operations performed between 1990 and 2015 on patients aged 15 to 67 years (mean 36.8). Three surgical approaches were used: anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) (n=209), transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) (n=144) and transylvian SAH (n=36). Complications were classified as minor, or major if there was a neurological impairment or if further surgical or medical treatment was needed.ResultsComplications followed 15.4% of operations. They were classed as major for 4.1% of patients, but there were no mortalities. Persistent neurological deficits occurred in 0.5% of patients. In 3 cases (0.8%) additional surgery was needed to treat an intracranial hematoma, a delayed hydrocephalus and a subdural empyema. Symptomatic visual field defects (VFDs) were frequent and included contralateral superior quadrantanopia (8.2%) or hemianopia (1.3%). Overall complications (P=0.04) and symptomatic VFDs (P=0.04) were most frequent in operations on men. Major complications occurred most often with the ATL surgical approach than with transcortical SAH (P=0.03).ConclusionsMajor complications occur rarely after mesial temporal surgery on epileptic patients. They occur more often following ATL than transcortical SAH approach. Complications tend to be temporary with symptoms of limited duration for surgery performed by experienced teams on carefully selected and evaluated patients.Key Words

Published
2017
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