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Este artigo trata dos riscos da dependência de componentes eletrônicos importados para os equipamentos de simulação viva do CA-Leste (Centro de Adestramento-Leste), sob a ótica da sua relação com a gestão de riscos e a gestão do ciclo de vida dos meios de simulação para o Exército Brasileiro (EB). Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, método de pesquisa exploratória e a técnica de análise de conteúdo para o tema, o trabalho estabelece bases conceituais que verificam as premissas consideradas no projeto e analisa os riscos da dependência de componentes eletrônicos importados com vistas a explorar mecanismos para o alinhamento dos níveis adequados de exposição a riscos com as estratégias adotadas pelo EB, além da verificação da possibilidade do aumento da capacidade da Instituição em lidar com incertezas e contribuir para o uso eficiente e efetivo dos recursos públicos. Especial atenção é dedicada ao papel da Gestão de Riscos e Ciclo de Vida, representada no caso em estudo pelas duas categorias da análise de conteúdo. Nesse contexto, observa-se a significativa ênfase dada pela Diretriz Normativa do SSEB (Sistema de Simulação do Exército Brasileiro) à gestão dos Custos do Ciclo de Vida dos sistemas de simulação. Essa ênfase é evidente em todas as análises relacionadas ao tema, demonstrando a necessidade de estrita conformidade com as diretrizes do SSEB neste trabalho.

Copyright of Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To know the current state of research on the evaluation of the Carbon Footprint (CF) of coffee and its value chain. Methodology: A systematized review of literature from international bibliographic databases was conducted, identifying five aspects; 1) place of assessment, 2) scope of the assessment, 3) methodology used, 4) result of the CF, and 5) functional unit of measurement considered. Results: Sixteen articles from 16 countries were reviewed, evaluating different scopes of the coffee production chain. Six different methodologies were applied, including international standards and specialized software. The calculated CF ranges from 0.12 kg/CO2eq to 14.61 kg/CO2eq depending on the scope of the research in the coffee production chain. Limitations: Scarce collection of publications obtained in the systematized search process. Conclusions: There is a need to increase research on the subject in small-scale production areas, since most of the methodologies and applications have focused on areas where the grain production and technification are concentrated, leaving aside other production areas that require attention with respect to their production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article aims to examine the influence of life cycle stages on the corporate decisions of Brazilian firms. Originality/value: The study contributes by presenting a scenario of investment, financing, dividend, and cash decisions, revealing patterns and characteristics of the evolution of Brazilian firms throughout their life cycle stages. For this, we tested an alternative life cycle proxy capable of classifying firms in different stages, even shake-out and decline, not defined by the model of Dickinson (2011), and applied a more robust methodology (GMM-SYS) considering potential endogeneity problems disregarded by previous studies. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of 203 traded firms listed on B3 from 2010 to 2018. We collected the data from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. We estimated the parameters of the models by GMM-SYS (Generalized Method of Moments) to mitigate problems of endogeneity, omitted variables, and heterogeneity. Findings: As our main results, we have that Brazilian firms do not follow a pattern and oscillate between stages and that there is strong evidence of the effect of the life cycle on corporate decisions. In the introduction and growth stages, firms invest more, have more debt, pay fewer dividends, and have greater cash availability. In the mature stage, investments, debts, and the level of cash are lower. In the shake-out stage, no results were significant, requiring further studies to better explore this stage in developing countries, such as Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The footwear industry is relevant from the perspective of job creation, mainly for developing countries, due to the reduced level of demand and training time for the employed workforce. In this perspective, it also stands out for its importance in tax collection, the creation of productive clusters, consolidation of the local productive matrix, providing opportunities for the emergence of new businesses and stimulating entrepreneurship. However, at the same time, the footwear industry also contributes to the deterioration of the environment, resulting from its own production activities or related to the supply chain and disposal of products, at the end of their life cycle. Thus, research is justified with the objective of highlighting alternatives for recycling in the footwear manufacturing process, the results of which served as the basis for the preparation of this article. To achieve this objective, the authors opted for a single case study, in one of the largest footwear industries in the country, a qualitative approach, with the collection of empirical data through in-depth interviews with professionals appointed by the company, with deep knowledge of the process of footwear production, documentary survey and non-participant systematic observation. The content analysis of the empirical data showed that the characteristics of the shoes, as well as the operational practices adopted, make it difficult to recycle shoes. Even so, several alternatives were pointed out, technically viable and, in the perception of the interviewees, also economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a influência dos estágios do ciclo de vida nas decisões corporativas das empresas brasileiras. Originalidade/valor: O estudo contribui ao apresentar um cenário das decisões de investimento, financiamento, dividendos e caixa, revelando padrões e características da evolução das empresas brasileiras ao longo dos estágios do ciclo de vida. Para isso, testou-se uma proxy alternativa do ciclo de vida capaz de classificar as empresas em diferentes estágios, inclusive turbulência e declínio, não definidos pelo modelo de Dickinson (2011), e aplicou-se uma metodologia mais robusta, levando em conta potenciais problemas de endogeneidade, desconsiderados pelos estudos anteriores. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A amostra é composta por 203 companhias listadas na B3, no período de 2010 a 2018. Os dados foram obtidos na base de dados Thomson Reuters Eikon. A estimação dos parâmetros dos modelos se deu pelo GMM-SYS (Generalized Method of Moments), de modo a atenuar problemas de endogeneidade, variáveis omitidas e heterogeneidade. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que as empresas brasileiras não seguem um padrão e ficam oscilando entre os estágios, e que existe uma forte evidência do efeito do ciclo de vida nas decisões corporativas. Na introdução e crescimento, as empresas investem mais, têm mais dívidas, pagam menos dividendos e têm maior disponibilidade de caixa. Já na maturidade, os investimentos, as dívidas e o nível de caixa são menores. Na turbulência, nenhum resultado foi significante, requerendo estudos adicionais para explorar melhor o estágio em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. / Abstract Purpose: This article aims to examine the influence of life cycle stages on the corporate decisions of Brazilian firms. Originality/value: The study contributes by presenting a scenario of investment, financing, dividend, and cash decisions, revealing patterns and characteristics of the evolution of Brazilian firms throughout their life cycle stages. For this, we tested an alternative life cycle proxy capable of classifying firms in different stages, even shake-out and decline, not defined by the model of Dickinson (2011), and applied a more robust methodology (GMM-SYS) considering potential endogeneity problems disregarded by previous studies. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of 203 traded firms listed on B3 from 2010 to 2018. We collected the data from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. We estimated the parameters of the models by GMM-SYS (Generalized Method of Moments) to mitigate problems of endogeneity, omitted variables, and heterogeneity. Findings: As our main results, we have that Brazilian firms do not follow a pattern and oscillate between stages and that there is strong evidence of the effect of the life cycle on corporate decisions. In the introduction and growth stages, firms invest more, have more debt, pay fewer dividends, and have greater cash availability. In the mature stage, investments, debts, and the level of cash are lower. In the shake-out stage, no results were significant, requiring further studies to better explore this stage in developing countries, such as Brazil

La recuperación de los desechos sólidos para su conversión en recursos para el futuro tiene un papel importante para lograr la sostenibilidad ambiental y desarrollar modelos de economía circular. Por ello, se han incrementado las investigaciones científicas a nivel internacional, no siendo Ecuador una excepción. A partir del análisis bibliométrico se revisaron artículos de la base de datos Scopus para conceptualizar el cuerpo central de la investigación. Como resultado, se identificaron algunos temas como: residuos electrónicos, desarrollo sostenible, residuos plásticos, evaluación del ciclo de vida, impactos ecológicos y simbiosis industrial. A pesar de que Ecuador fue el primer país en América Latina que presentó el Libro blanco de economía circular se evidencia que es aún insuficiente la presencia de estudios originados en instituciones ecuatorianas, por ende, se acentúa la brecha técnica sobre su implicación en los procesos productivos del Ecuador.

The immature stages (eggs, larvae and pupae), larval behavior, oviposition and host plant of Mechanitis lysimnia nesaea Hübner, [1820] are described for the first time. Eggs are laid in clusters on the upper side of leaves of its solanaceous hostplants. The larvae are gregarious and undergo five instars. The first instar head capsule is black and the body is translucent yellow. From the second instar on, the body changes to bluish gray with yellow stripes, with colors becoming more vivid in the last instar. Initially, the pupa is yellow, turning reflective (silvery/golden) with dark contours on the wing cases and abdomen after the first day. A comparison with other species of Mechanitis shows that, despite their similarities, the early stages are informative at the species level, and could help to understand the species limits in the currently non-monophyletic species in this genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies related to Food Loss and Waste (FLW) in gastronomic enterprises are important and necessary to analyze the environmental, social and economic performance of this sector. In this sense, a market niche has emerged: Food and Nutrition Units (FNUs), which offer more sustainable services. However, there are no regulations or even specific management tools that allow measuring sustainability of an FNU in FLW control. From the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) perspective, this paper presents a proposal for a tool to manage and compare the performance of commercial Food and Nutrition Units regarding Food Loss and Waste control throughout the production process. LCIA is a qualitative stage of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that allows evaluating the potential environmental impact of an activity, process, product or service. Based on factors identified in the literature that are related to FLW, a survey was conducted with 14 ad hoc consultants holding degrees in Nutrition, specialized knowledge on the topic addressed and/or practical experience in FNUs. The participants were asked to rate the factors on a scale from 1 to 10 according to their detection and resolution ease and to their severity. As a result, a spreadsheet was generated with 64 factors to be monitored in FNUs and which provides numerical results that vary according to the enterprises' efficiency in FLW control. It is a versatile instrument that allows adaptations according to the type of food service offered and which can render the comparison between different FNUs and their processes less subjective.

No existe un valor común para el nivel de circularidad (NC) de una organización que permita evaluar su desempeño. El objetivo de este artículo fue validar un cuestionario para establecer los NC en el sector agroindustrial alimentario. Para ello se creó un grupo de 16 expertos que diseñaron un cuestionario de 46 elementos con una escala de 0 a 100 puntos, en cinco rangos de 20 puntos cada uno para cinco NC de Muy Baja, Baja, Media, Alta y Muy Alta circularidad, equivalentes a las etapas de Linealidad, Transición, Circularidad y Sostenibilidad. Se aplicó a 10 organizaciones cubanas de producciones diferentes, algunas con sistemas de gestión certificados (SG). El cuestionario puede usarse en una metodología de evaluación y como lista de chequeo del cumplimiento de requisitos de una norma para la certificación de la circularidad en Cuba.

Se describen las fases carposporofíta y tetrasporofita de Gracilaria blodgettii a partir de estudios morfológicos e histológicos. se colectaron talos vegetativos y reproductivos entre Mayo y Octubre de 2006, y Septiembre a Diciembre de 2008, en la Bahía de Santa Catalina en isla providencia, Caribe Colombiano. El carposporofito presenta cistocarpos a lo largo del talo, con morfología oblonga, conformada por un núcleo y rodeado por un pericarpio interno medular estructurando el tejido nutritivo hacia el carposporofito. El tetrasporofito corresponde a individuos diploides cuyo hábito es similar al carposporofito, y su morfología se caracteriza por la presencia de tetrasporangios cruciados de forma ovada a cúbicos.

Hemophilia is an inherited X-linked coagulopathy defined by a deficiency or abnormality in the clotting function of factor VIII (hemophilia A) or factor IX (hemophilia B). The continuous improvement of the treatment has made it possible to monitor the patient through their life cycle with the inherent transition of care, initially by caregivers in childhood and later by the patient himself. Alterations associated with age added to chronic diseases are a constant challenge in the comprehensive treatment of the patient. The inhibitors are IgG alloantibodies directed to exogenous clotting factors, factor VIII or factor IX. The likelihood of developing inhibitors varies from one person with hemophilia to another and depends on the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. This review offers a better understanding of the physiological alterations that allow a comprehensive assessment of the patient with hemophilia.

Os processos para avaliar o desempenho organizacional têm se tornado mais complexos. No entanto, os estudos têm se debruçado em estágios específicos do desenvolvimento dos Sistemas de Avaliação de Desempenho, desconsiderando sua integralidade. Assim, a pesquisa busca descrever como ocorre o desenvolvimento dos estágios evolutivos de um Sistema de Avaliação de Desempenho (SAD) no contexto portuário público brasileiro. Foi feito um estudo de caso, com acompanhamento de um ano, período no qual o Sistema percorreu os estágios do Ciclo de Vida, proposto por Bourne et al. (2000). Para o desenvolvimento do Sistema, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o decisor de uma holding portuária pública, norteado pela metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão-Construtivista (MCDA-C). Os resultados dessa pesquisa evidenciam como um SAD é projetado, implementado, usado e atualizado, oferecendo contribuições ao campo de pesquisa, o qual é criticado pela falta de evidência que demonstra o Ciclo de Vida completo de SADs. O estudo também traz evidências sobre a construção de conhecimento gerado durante os estágios do Ciclo de Vida do Sistema. Dessa forma, pôde-se contribuir para isso ao dispor à organização um modelo capaz de mensurar e subsidiar as atividades de gestão e a tomada de decisão. A combinação dos aportes teóricos ao conhecimento advindo dos resultados empíricos ilustrados corrobora a área de pesquisa de Avaliação de Desempenho sobre a validade do Ciclo de Vida do SAD e contribui para alavancar o desempenho da organização.

Our aim was to investigate the larval development of Argia joergenseni Ris in three streams located at different latitudes and ecoregions (Yungas and Chaco) in Argentina. We measured the head width and the metathoracic wing sheath length, and classified larvae into five size classes. Our results showed different patterns of larval growth between the three study sites. At the Yungas sites (latitude 26° S), larvae exhibited a high proportion of small individuals throughout the year, suggesting a multivoltine life cycle. In contrast, larvae in the Chaco region (latitude 32° S) showed marked seasonality in growth. The findings indicate a negative correlation between voltinism and latitude in A. joergenseni. The species exhibited an almost continuous flight season in the Yungas, while at the southern limit of its distribution (Chaco), the flight season was limited to the warmest months. This study provides important information on the larval ecology of A. joergenseni, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of damselfly communities and facilitating the development of effective conservation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through business process modeling, organizations in general have managed to optimize their processes, through a robust and automated process architecture. Similarly, through risk management, companies seek to ensure that the risks that can negatively affect the achievement of the organizations' strategic objectives are identified, analyzed, and adequately responded to. Based on the risk assessment, an organization will need to choose whether to accept the risk, mitigate the risk, or transfer the risk to the same or another process. When carried out effectively, risk management in business processes ensures that the organization's limited resources are prioritized to address in the most efficient way the problems that will affect them the most, and thus their continuity is achieved. and sustainability. This article explores questions associated with What is a business process, BPM? and What are the risks associated with business processes? How does the use of BPM modeling and process mining facilitate risk management at all stages of the process lifecycle? The most important contributions are related to the mapping of cycle risks to a functional and specific framework, and affect the life cycle in its entirety, which were analyzed through process mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contextualization: Life Cycle Assessment [LCA] is a useful tool for assessing the potential environmental impacts of a product. Due to the growing interest in climate change mitigation and on the implementation of sustainable practices of production, it is interesting to study the environmental profile of essential oil products and similar products to identi fy shortcomings in current technologies and possibilities for improvement. Knowledge gap: the existing literature about the essential oil production lines is quite limited, although its production is similar to other products derived from agricultural materials, for which the bibliography is more extensive. Purpose: to review the methodological aspects addressed in research related to life cycle analysis of agricultural feedstocks, with focus on essential oil production. The study was focused on those studies that employed a non-conventional approach describing the reasons for their methodological choices. Methodology: research papers from the last 12 years, which analysed the life cycle of agro-industrial products, were searched and filtered. The aspects reviewed included the scope, the impact categories, the functional unit, the sources of information, the allocation methods, and the tools (software and database) used. Results and conclusions: using the previous aspects, it was possible to identify methodological trends such as the general use of a cradle-to-gate approach, the use of SimaPro software coupled with the Ecoinvent database, and mass and economic allocation methods. Regarding the last method, it was found that the economic allocation is more accentuated in the case of essential oils, due to the significant differences that exist between their mass and economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los factores de la innovación juegan un rol clave para la adaptación de las empresas turísticas familiares en las diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la interacción de los factores de innovación en el ciclo de vida de empresas familiares hoteleras maduras; a través de un método de estudio de caso comparativo cualitativo, se estudiaron cuatro hoteles de propiedad familiar en el destino turístico de Mazatlán, Sinaloa México. Los principales hallazgos señalan que las empresas familiares maduras en su eje del negocio transitan por etapas específicas de estancamiento, consolidación y declive; en cada una de ellas, los factores exógenos y endógenos de innovación comportan dinámicas diferentes.

El estudio expone las acciones dirigidas a la reducción de los riesgos en el diseño de un nuevo proceso de producción del ingrediente farmacéutico activo de un inmunoterapéutico producido en el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología. El análisis modal de fallas y efectos fue conducido por un equipo multidisciplinario del referido centro. La administración de riesgos a la calidad se aplicó a la tecnología de obtención de una proteína recombinante con uso diagnóstico que se proponía transferir a la Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico. El riesgo en el diseño de un nuevo proceso de producción evaluó las fallas de mayor influencia en el bajo recobrado y el incumplimiento de las especificaciones de calidad del inmunoterapéutico. Las causas potenciales de estos fallas fueron: la insuficiente cantidad de viales de los bancos de células, el medio de cultivo complejo con componentes de origen bovino, la incorrecta manipulación de las muestras por los operarios, el uso de equipamiento no adecuado, los parámetros de operación (agitación, pH y conductividad) fuera de límites de especificación con efecto sobre la pureza por el alto porcentaje de contaminantes del hospedero; así como, un medio filtrante inadecuado unido a una incorrecta preparación del sistema de filtración redundantes en un producto no estéril. Las acciones llevaron a modificaciones en la tecnología propuesta por la Dirección de Investigaciones Biomédicas que permitió el diseño de un nuevo proceso productivo para un biofarmacéutico destinado al tratamiento de enfermedades virales crónicas.

El aumento de la demanda de recursos no renovables en el mundo hace que la economía lineal sea muy discutida, lo que requiere una transición a la economía circular (EC) para una recuperación post-pandémica más sostenible y adaptarnos a un futuro ecológico. Por ese motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la importancia de la EC para la seguridad alimentaria y el procesamiento agroindustrial de alimentos. Se consultó literatura sobre los avances en la transición hacia la EC, su impacto en el comercio mundial y su relación con la producción de alimentos. Se concluye que implementar la EC en el sector agroalimentario mundial requiere metas con un enfoque global y el compromiso y la voluntad de diversos actores y la conciencia de la población.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) sobre a avaliação dos impactos ambientais por decorrentes do uso de Materiais Cimentícios Suplementares (MCS) e Agregado Reciclado (AR) em materiais de construção, por meio da metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). A metodologia consistiu na busca de documentos científicos sobre ACV para a avaliação de concretos e argamassas que empregam MCS e AR, nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science, período de 2015 e 2021. Os resultados mostram que estudos adotam uma fronteira do sistema berço ao portão, atribuindo-se que é o mais representativo. Para realizar a ACV, dados secundários são utilizados, principalmente bancos de dados (Ecoinvent e ELCD). O Potencial de Aquecimento Global é a categoria de impacto comum, seguido por Potencial de Depleção Abiótica e Potencial de Acidificação. Os métodos utilizados quantificam apenas os efeitos intermediários das categorias de impacto; esta etapa é assistida pelos programas Simapro e OpenLCA, preferencialmente. Os estudos mostraram que o uso de MCS e AR conseguem reduzir os impactos ambientais dos concretos e argamassas avaliadas, mas a redução é maior quando ambos são usados ​​ao mesmo tempo do que quando usados ​​separadamente.

O presente artigo faz uma abordagem sobre as questões pertinentes ao controle da grafolita e esclarece aspectos da biologia, comportamento e ocorrência do inseto, objetivando subsidiar a adoção de um controle mais racional da praga em pomares de pes- segueiro e ameixeira.

Contextualización: el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida [ACV] constituye una herramienta útil para evaluar impactos potenciales ambientales de un producto. Dado el creciente interés en la mitigación del cambio climático y en la implementación de prácticas productivas sostenibles, resulta interesante estudiar el perfil ambiental de los productos de origen agrícola, con énfasis especial en los aceites esenciales, para identificar deficiencias en las tecnologías actuales y oportunidades de mejora. Vacío de conocimiento: la literatura existente sobre líneas de producción de aceites esenciales es bastante limitada, pese a que el estudio de dichos procesos es bastante similar al de otros productos derivados de materia prima agrícola y de los cuales la bibliografía referente a su fabricación es más amplia. Propósito: revisar los aspectos metodológicos abordados en investigaciones relacionadas con el análisis de ciclo de vida de materias primas agrícolas, haciendo énfasis especial en la producción de aceites esenciales. También se enfatizó en aquellos autores que utilizaron enfoques no convencionales y se describieron las razones que los motivaron a ello. Metodología: Se buscaron y filtraron trabajos investigativos de los últimos 12 años en los que se analizó el ciclo de vida de productos agroindustriales. Los aspectos revisados incluyeron el alcance del análisis, las categorías de impacto, la unidad funcional, las fuentes de información, los métodos de asignación y las herramientas (software y base de datos) usadas. Resultados y conclusiones: a partir de los aspectos mencionados anteriormente, fue posible identificar tendencias metodológicas como el uso del enfoque de cuna a la puerta, el software SimaPro, la base de datos Ecoinvent y los métodos de asignación másico y económico. Respecto al último método, se encontró que la asignación económica se acentúa más en el caso de los aceites esenciales, debido a las diferencias significativas que existen entre su masa y valor económico.

En los últimos años, la economía circular se ha situado en el centro de la agenda política y social, de manera que los poderes públicos se han venido mostrando muy interesados en la promoción de este modelo económico, como constata la aprobación de diferentes planes de acción, estrategias, hojas de ruta e incluso normas con rango de ley. Aprovechando el impulso comunitario y nacional, el legislador andaluz ha aprobado el Proyecto de Ley de Economía Circular de Andalucía, con la que se pretende diseñar un marco jurídico adecuado para el correcto desarrollo de la economía circular en este territorio, situando a esta región a la vanguardia en materia de legislación de la economía circular, al convertirse en la segunda comunidad autónoma en contar con una ley sobre esta cuestión.

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Maintenance has a significant impact on permeable pavements' service life. Proper cleaning procedures include pressure washing and heavy-duty wet/dry vacuum to remove accumulated sediment and maintain permeability. Aiming to analyze the influence of sediment type and size on the clogging process and the importance of preventive maintenance, six experimental permeable pavement modules were assessed. Pairs of in-situ Pervious Concrete (PC), Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) and Permeable Interlocking Pervious Concrete Pavement (PIPCP) were monitored over two consecutive periods: i) under natural clogging process; ii) accelerated clogging under sand and clay sediment types. At the end of both periods, all modules received maintenance through water pressure washing. The results showed a reduction of up to 80% in the surface infiltration capacity during the natural clogging period, but that most of it could be recovered using pressure washing. Result in all situations also reinforced that periodic cleaning every 4-6 months, even with just pressure washing, as a key factor to extend permeable pavements' life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviewes the prediction of carbonation in concrete with recycled aggregate in all stages and aspects related to sustainability. Concrete carbonation has two sides. In reinforced concrete, the research approach aims to prevent the advance of the carbonation depth so that the pH drop does not lead to reinforcement corrosion. The parameter of this approach is the carbonation coefficient. In non-reinforced concrete, priority is given to the higher absorption and sequestration of carbon dioxide to reduce global warming. Thus, obtaining the parameter degree of carbonation is necessary. In the case of recycled concrete, these two parameters become more critical due to its particular pore structure. The correlation between natural or accelerated carbonation and other durability properties is also described. Different predictive carbonation models are mentioned, including those based on artificial intelligence, and the service life calculation is introduced. The literature review shows a growing trend in measuring transport properties to use them within predictive modeling. This modeling is based on the fact that these predictions have higher reliability than those derived from mechanical or fresh-state properties. As for performance verification, it is required to compare model results with experimental carbonation results under realistic environmental conditions. Checking a possible dependence with experimentally determined recycled aggregate characteristics is also recommended. Finally, some considerations and actions are proposed to analyze the sustainable aspects of the material life cycle effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The life cycle analysis (LCA) is intended to be a quantitative tool to support decision making. The evaluation of uncertainties allows evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the estimates made. Monte Carlo Analysis is one of the most widely used methods to propagate uncertainty results. Objective: To know the uncertainty associated with the data and the models used to assess the impact on each category considered, according to the LCA methodology, for the management of Municipal Solid Waste in the Xalatlaco municipality, Mexico. Materials and Methods: In this study, an uncertainty analysis is carried out, using the Monte Carlo method, to evaluate the propagation of data uncertainty in the results of each impact category considered in the study and the comparison of the scenarios, to select the most convenient. Results and Discussion: The results show that the inventory data influence the results of each of the categories; however, the coefficients of variation are less than 25%. The comparison of the Base Scenario with the best option (Scenario 3), allows us to identify that in all the categories the results present lower impacts with respect to the Base Scenario except for ozone layer depletion. Conclusions: The importance of the uncertainty analysis in the Life Cycle Analysis as support in decision making is verified. The implementation of Scenario 3 is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El problema mundial más destructivo de los cítricos es el Huanglongbing, una enfermedad bacteriana causada por Candidatus Liberibacter spp. El psílido asiático, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), su principal vector en las Américas fue detectado en Ecuador el año 2013 y aunque la enfermedad no ha sido reportada, es necesario prepararse para la eventual llegada del Huanglongbing. Con el objetivo de recopilar información acerca de D. citri en Ecuador, se realizaron búsquedas mediante diferentes bases de datos sobre investigaciones de la plaga en el país. Los resultados muestran que D. citri está presente en 10 de las 24 provincias ecuatorianas, cuyos estudios de biología señalaron una duración de ciclo de 16 días. Se detectaron 20 taxones de enemigos naturales (2 parasitoides y 18 depredadores). Estudios de laboratorio, indican el corto ciclo del principal parasitoide, Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) lo que le confiere atributos como enemigo natural. Las fluctuaciones poblacionales de la plaga y del parasitismo refieren la importancia de estos agentes biológicos lo que podría ser utilizado en programas de manejo de esta plaga. Las investigaciones también mencionan el alto uso de insecticidas químicos entre citricultores lo que podría tener un impacto negativo en el establecimiento de programas de control biológico.

Los cangrejos del género Callinectes están ampliamente distribuidos en aguas cálidas. Habitan principalmente en lagunas costeras y estuarios. En las lagunas del golfo de México, están sujetos a una pesquería importante. En el caso de México, Callinectes sapidus y Callinectes rathbunae contribuyen con 90 % de la captura nacional. Un aspecto importante en el ciclo de vida de los cangrejos es el parasitismo causado por balanos parásitos del orden Rhizocephala, debido a su alta prevalencia y periodicidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue proveer de información reciente acerca del número de externas por individuo en cangrejos de la especie C. rathbunae. En un muestreo comercial realizado en marzo de 2019, se capturaron tres especímenes de la especie C. rathbunae parasitados con el balano rizocéfalo Loxothylacus texanus: un ejemplar macho con dos externas vírgenes, una hembra con cinco externas vírgenes, y un organismo macho con cinco externas maduras. Este es el primer reporte en donde se presenta evidencia de cinco externas en un hospedero, se concluyó que esta prevalencia fue baja. Es importante realizar más estudios de este tipo para comprender del todo el ciclo de vida de L. texanus y su impacto en las poblaciones de sus hospederos.

Introducción: El análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) pretende ser una herramienta cuantitativa de apoyo a la toma de decisiones. La evaluación de las incertidumbres permite evaluar las fortalezas y debilidades de las estimaciones realizadas. El Análisis de Monte Carlo es uno de los métodos más utilizado para propagar los resultados de incertidumbre. Objetivo: Conocer la incertidumbre asociada a los datos y los modelos utilizados para evaluar el impacto en cada categoría considerada, de acuerdo a la metodología de ACV, para la gestión de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) en el municipio Xalatlaco, México. Materiales y Métodos: En este estudio se realiza un análisis de incertidumbre, usando el método de Monte Carlo, para evaluar la propagación de la incertidumbre de los datos en los resultados de cada categoría de impacto considerada en el estudio y de la comparación de los escenarios, para seleccionar el más conveniente. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados demuestran que los datos del inventario influyen en los resultados de cada una de las categorías, sin embargo, los coeficientes de variación son inferiores al 25%. La comparación del Escenario base con la mejor opción (Escenario 3), permite identificar que en todas las categorías los resultados presentan impactos inferiores con respecto al escenario base excepto en el agotamiento de la capa de ozono. Conclusiones: Se corrobora la importancia del análisis de incertidumbre en el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida como apoyo en la toma de decisiones. La implementación del Escenario 3 es factible.

La industria de la construcción es uno de los sectores con mayores impactos sociales, ambientales y económicos debido a la gran demanda de materias primas, al ser responsable de un importante gasto energético mundial, la generación de GEI como el CO2 y el agotamiento de los materiales litosféricos. La economía circular se convierte en un paradigma que permite la transición hacia nuevos modelos económicos. El presente artículo busca realizar una revisión bibliográfica sistemática contenida en bases de datos científicas de alto reconocimiento internacional sobre las prácticas de circularidad en la industria de la construcción. También contiene la caracterización de los autores, las palabras clave, los países y los journal más destacados según el número de publicaciones y su caracterización geográfica. En cuanto a las estrategias y categorías, existen elementos en común entre los autores y los resultados obtenidos, en su mayoría enfocados en las fases de planificación-diseño, construcción y demolición.

Uno de los objetivos de la Agenda 2030 de desarrollo sostenible propone las denominadas ciudades sostenibles y resilientes, mediante el uso efciente de los recursos. En este contexto, las edifcaciones de carácter patrimonial juegan un papel trascendental en esa búsqueda ya que propician la recuperación de edifcaciones históricas para su puesta en valor en el mundo contemporáneo, sin acudir a grandes consumos de recursos nuevos para construcción, gestionando de manera efciente, armónica y responsable con otros recursos culturales y naturales. En el marco de los principios de la conservación preventiva de edifcaciones patrimoniales, se presenta un estudio de caso en donde se evalúan los factores y se calcula la vida útil, a la luz de la norma ISO 15686, de un edifcio de hormigón armado construido en la época moderna en Colombia. Los resultados aportarán en las fases del ciclo de vida con el diagnóstico, y posterior propuesta de intervención, orientada a la preservación de la materialidad de la edifcación y la seguridad para sus habitantes sin detrimento de sus valores patrimoniales.

The cactus weevil (Metamasius spinolae) is a pest of Opuntia ficus-indica. It can develop not only in Opuntia species but also in other cacti and members of the Asparagaceae family. In 2017, damage and presence of adult insects with characteristics similar to the cactus weevil were reported in two species of cacti, Austrocylindropuntia subulata and Peniocereus serpentinus. The objective was to identify the insect and determine if the two cacti species are hosts, field and laboratory research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in the municipality of Axapusco, State of Mexico. Stems with larval damage were selected at four study sites, whic remained in field conditions until the emergence of adult insects. The behaviour of M. spinolae on the host plant, mating sites, incubation period and damage development over time were recorded. M. spinolae was identified and determined to fulfill its life cycle on A. subulata and P. serpentinus. Larvae cause the most damage by feeding on the internal part (pith) of the stems, which causes tissue rotting and death of the affected part. The adult feeds on tender buds and mature stems, causing deformation and weakening of the plant. The two cacti species proved to be host plants that can harbour populations of M. spinolae and, therefore, have a high potential to act as reservoirs of the pest, which can then migrate to prickly-pear cactus crop. This report expands the knowledge of hosts of the cactus weevil. The information obtained shall be useful for vegetable growers to apply phytosanitary measures in alternate hosts, combat reservoirs and avoid re-infestations of the pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]