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With the development of digital technology and the popularity of human-centered concepts in museum exhibition design, the user experience of VR (virtual reality)-based museum exhibition (VRME) is gradually being emphasized. There are still many problems that need to be solved in the integration of technology and interaction in today’s VRME design. However, the existing museum exhibition design framework does not combine the characteristics of virtual reality technology to solve the problems unique to VRME in a targeted manner. Based on the traditional user experience framework, this paper summarizes the three levels of user experience (LoUX) in a museum exhibition and proposes the unique “creation level” experience of VRME, which constitutes the closed-loop of the VRME experience. Then, this paper analyzes the relevant researches in recent years through a literature review and summarizes the trends of technology application and the different interaction problems arising from each LoUX. Based on the results of literature analysis, this paper proposes a “rose model” of VRME. This model summarizes the relationship between exhibition technology, sensory types, LoUX, and human-exhibition interaction factors, which has certain guiding significance for VRME design. Finally, this paper discusses the results of the literature review and the interaction design insights brought by the model.

There is limited information about the design process and outcomes of novice industrial designers when working with different levels of problem abstraction. In this paper, we propose a new way of describing the cognitive processes of problem solving based on problem decomposition strategy studies and network-based cognitive maps. An empirical study was conducted to examine the impact of problem abstraction on novice designers, and their reasoning mode was quantitatively explored. Thirty-three novice designers majoring in industrial design participated in a 40-min design exercise and verbalized their cognitive process while they were solving a given design problem. The verbal protocols from the experiment were first segmented, then encoded based on cognitive maps. By analyzing the problem-solving process using this new method, we found that designers use different reasoning modes for different levels of problem abstraction. Abstract problems helped designers to break design fixation and promote the divergence of ideas. Ideas also improved in fluency, originality and novelty so that the abstract group generated better solutions. The study contributes to an enhanced understanding of design activity.

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence raise interest in its participation in design activity, which is commonly considered to be complex and human-dominated. In this work, we aim to examine AI...

Oriental Design is recently one of the most significant theoretical fields in design research in China. For a long time, related research has been controversial due to the complicated historical ambiguity, but today’s researchers are able to reshape Oriental Design with brand-new materials and independent perspectives. This is an opportunity of the times and a strategic topic for local design research. This article specifically explores the sustainable innovation value and significance of Oriental Design, puts forward its internal connections and commonalities, and supports it with the analysis of sustainable innovation levels to provide support for the development of Oriental Design.

This study aims to investigate the benefits of unimodal tactile displays relative to other modal displays and the performance gains of adding redundant tactile displays by integrating empirical studies.Tactile displays have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their unique advantages. Synthesizing experimental data is necessary to analyze the performance benefits of tactile displays for participants and better help practitioners in utilizing them.Five meta-analyses were conducted. Two meta-analyses compared the participants' performance between tactile and other modal displays (visual vs. tactile and auditory vs. tactile). Three meta-analyses examined the performance gains of adding redundant tactile displays based on other modal displays (visual vs. visual + tactile, auditory vs. auditory + tactile, and visual + auditory vs. visual + auditory + tactile). The related moderator variables, the types of presented information and concurrent tasks, were analyzed.Little evidence shows the performance difference between tactile and auditory displays. Tactile displays are more beneficial than visual displays for presenting alert information or in the situation with a visual concurrent task. The performance gains of adding redundant tactile displays to other modal displays also depend on the specific type of presented information and the concurrent task.When using tactile displays to convey information, interface designers should consider the specific type of presented information and the concurrent tasks.The present study's findings can provide some implications for designers to utilize tactile displays when they construct and implement information displays.

Design is an iterative process that aims at problem-solving. While the importance of mental iteration has been identified, there are little research on how to improve mental iteration in design process. In this paper, we propose a method to augment design by AI. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of AI augment on design iteration. The results indicate AI augment could improve the designers’ performance in fluency and stylization.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of music exposure on novice designers’ creativity performance. We found that compared to without-music, exposure to fast-tempo music significantly improved their ideas’ fluency and flexibility. These results indicate that exposure to fast-tempo music can enhance novice designers’ performance on design tasks. As a low-cost and convenient way of promoting creative thinking, music could use in creativity education and training.

This paper aims to build a situation model at behavior level and a cultural product design model on interactive situation at behavior level and demonstrate the feasibility of doing so. It expounds three elements (behavior subject, behavior object, behavior environment), behavioral interaction and experience level of the situation model at behavior level, as well as the cultural product’s behavioral interaction requirements and demand knowledge transfer of the cultural product design model on interactive situation at behavior level by studying thee case of the cultural image clock.

In this chapter, it is hoped that by selecting several typical cases of innovative design, more Chinese enterprises will be inspired to explore the significance, methods and paths of innovative design, and the whole society will be promoted to carry out more extensive and in-depth innovative design practice.

Design is the imagination and planning of human purposeful innovative practice. It is the forerunner of transforming information, knowledge, technology and creativity into products, technologies, equipment and business services, and determines the quality and value of manufacturing services.

In conditional automated driving (SAE Level 3), drivers are required to take over their vehicles when the automated systems fail. Non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) can positively or negatively affect takeover safety, but the underlying reasons for this inconsistency remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how various workload levels generated by NDRTs may influence the takeover performance of drivers and the lead time they require. Fifty drivers were randomly distributed into five groups, which corresponded to five workload levels (1-4 levels generated by Tetris game; control level generated by monitoring). Each driver completed vehicle takeover tasks upon receiving takeover requests with various lead times (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 s) while engaging in NDRTs. The drivers’ takeover performance and subjective opinions were recorded. Drivers in the moderate workload condition (i.e., level 3) had significantly shorter takeover times and better takeover quality than those in the lower (i.e., level 1 and level 2) or higher (i.e., level 4) workload conditions. They also subjectively required less lead time in the moderate condition. Moreover, the drivers rated 7 s as the most appropriate lead time despite the improvement in their overall takeover performances with increased lead time. This study found an inverted U-shaped relationship between the drivers’ workload generated by NDRTs and takeover performance. The moderate workload level (rather than the lower or higher workload level) led to a faster and better takeover performance, and it seemed to require minimal lead time for drivers. These findings help understand the relationship of drivers’ workload during the automation and takeover performance in conditional automated driving. An important recommendation emerging from this work is to investigate what should be the most efficient method to detect the drivers’ workload state real-time and give feedback to them when it comes to overload or underload during the automated driving.

Image-to-Image translation was proposed as a general form of many image learning problems. While generative adversarial networks were successfully applied on many image-to-image translations, many models were limited to specific translation tasks and were difficult to satisfy practical needs. In this work, we introduce a One-to-Many conditional generative adversarial network, which could learn from heterogeneous sources of images. This is achieved by training multiple generators against a discriminator in synthesized learning way. This framework supports generative models to generate images in each source, so output images follow corresponding target patterns. Two implementations, hybrid fake and cascading learning, of the synthesized adversarial training scheme are also proposed, and experimented on two benchmark datasets, UTZap50K and MVOD5K, as well as a new high-quality dataset BehTex7K. We consider five challenging image-to-image translation tasks: edges-to-photo, edges-to-similar-photo translation on UTZap50K, cross-view translation on MVOD5K, and grey-to-color, grey-to-Oil-Paint on BehTex7K. We show that both implementations are able to faithfully translate from an image to another image in edges-to-photo, edges-to-similar-photo, grey-to-color, and grey-to-Oil-Paint translation tasks. The quality of output images in cross-view translation need to be further boosted.

Cultural products that adhere to the Doctrine of the Mean in Confucian philosophy have high commercial and cultural value. However, they are challenging to design and are seldom studied owing to th...

This paper was based on digital news text analysis to study the influencing factors of road rage, instead of traditional simulation experiments or questionnaire survey methods. About 167 reports of road rage incident were collected from the website, further being processed into visual charts as well as statistical analysis. Finally came to the conclusion that road rage had a significant relationship with time, area, gender, vehicle characteristics, etc.

Road rage has a series of adverse effects on driving safety, and many accidents caused by road rage occur in China. Thus, understanding the pattern of road rage has great significance to driving safety. In the present study, 33 video news was evaluated subjectively on the severity of road rage and environmental variables, the gender of drivers and the dimension of inducing events were coded according to the video. The results revealed that the road rage was more serious when the number of lanes was lower, and the rage vehicle and offensive vehicle were non-motorized vehicles. There were more cars and fewer non-motor vehicles in road rage during the daytime and fewer angry trucks in the urban areas. On the highway, the vehicles in rage involve more trucks and fewer cars. Moreover, drivers of cars were more likely to do discourteous offensive behavior and drivers of the non-motor vehicles were more likely to do slow-driving behavior. These findings can be applied to the design of intelligent transportation systems and the education of drivers to relieve road rage.

This study focuses on gender differences in the influence of online communication on e-commerce purchase decision strategies. From the literature, we deduce a new theoretical model based on three foundational theories and design a 2 2 mixed factorial experiment to test the influence of online communication in cases with and without online communication. This involves analyzing screen-recording data to check the effect of shopping behavior initiation, and using questionnaire research to test differences in the user experience before and after such communication. Finally, we concluded that the influence of online communication differs between men and women, and the influence is largely positive to both males and females. We build a research model to examine the moderating effect of online communication affects and associated gender differences.We argue for the positive moderating effect of online communication on consumers' e-commerce purchase behavior.Online communication process affected the shopping experience on gender lines, and shopping initiation had a positive effect for both men and women.So in subsequent practical application, we communicate by offering more online, including a means for users to guide and stimulate consumption.

Products with gender inclination are generally attractive to specific consumers. This paper explored influence of product elements on gender inclination by using watches as a case study. We adopt morphological analysis to divide the appearance of a watch into five elements with several types, and then obtained element-wise gender inclination through a questionnaire survey. Next, we adopted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to quantify the relative importance of the five elements as well as their types on gender inclinations. To verify the quantitive results of FAHP, we selected several types with obvious gender inclinations to construct five virtual watches, and performed a validation questionnaire based on the virtual watches. It was found that the validation results were consistent with those of FAHP, meaning that FAHP can provide a relatively more quantitive reference for designers and manufactures to examine the gender inclination of products.

It is increasingly important to account for cognizance of local cultural elements during the product design process. The relationship between traditional cultural elements and customer satisfaction was explored in this study. A Continuous Fuzzy Kano Model was used to analyze the effects of different cultural elements on user satisfaction. And a design practice was carried out to verify the results. Twenty-four cultural product cases were identified and investigated. We developed a scale questionnaire to examine the cases, and identified and categorized the relevant cultural elements. This study identifies the importance for product designers of individual cultural elements, and ascertains which dimension of cultural elements better satisfies user requirements. Relevance to industry This information is very relevant for designers and developers as it helps them to identify important cultural elements and estimate their effects on the user's satisfaction of products.

This paper explores the impacts of the expertise level of designers during analogical reasoning. In study 1, participants were asked to select source examples and explain their selections. It was found that experts were more likely to consider Experience and Esthetics as reasons for their selections. Third-year students were more inclined to draw inspiration from Symbolism, whereas first-year students considered more about Function. Another group of participants took part in study 2, performing analogical design. The behaviors of participants during design process were coded and the behavioral frequencies as well as durations were analyzed. We conclude that experts and third-year students pay more attention to the completeness of the design, while first-year students put more efforts on the functionality of design.

As a visual thinking tool, sketching strongly supports the conceptual stage of product design. Designers perceive their sketches and discover new ideas. Creative Segment theory models sketching process as a Creative Segment tree, and reveals the Creative Segment-centered pattern of sketching activities. However, the perception of sketches is important during sketching, whether designers' perception is in accord with this theory has not been examined. This article reports an experiment that recorded participants' eye movements to analyze their perception. Participants displayed unique eye movement features during Creative Segments, their fixations changed during the generation of Creative Segments and differed when generating Creative Segments on the three-level branches of the tree. These results provide evidence for the Creative Segment theory.