70 results on '"Christine Heym"'
Search Results
2. Induction of Orthotopic Rat Adrenomedullary Neoplasia by Intraadrenal Pheochromocytoma Cell Transplantation
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Christine Heym, M. Muhm, Mario Colombo-Benkmann, Norbert Senninger, and Christian Herfarth
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Cell Transplantation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Tumor cells ,Pheochromocytoma ,PC12 Cells ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Pheochromocytoma cell ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Immunosuppression ,beta-Galactosidase ,Rats ,Transplantation ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,Adrenal Medulla ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,Feasibility Studies ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Nous avons tente de creer un modele de cancer de la surrenale orthotopique, techniquement faisable et facilement reproducible. 25 rats mâles ont recu une injection dans leur surrenale de cellules de pheochromocytome de rat, infectees par le gene d'Escherichia coli pour la -galactosidase (lac Z). Chaque groupe d'animaux a recu une perfusion 7 ou 24 jours apres l'injection de cellules tumorales; 5 animaux dans deux groupes ont recu de la cyclosporine. Les animaux n'ayant pas recu d'injection de cellules tumorales ont servi de controles. Les cellules tumorales ont ete identifiees et caracterisees extemporanement par des methodes histologiques classiques et immunohistochimiques. Les surrenales des animaux immunodeprimes etaient augmentees de volume sept jour apres l'injection de cellules tumorales. Chez les rats sans immunodepression les surrenales apparaissaient indemnes, malgre la demonstration microscopique de la presence de cellules tumorales. Apres 24 jours, une tumeur s'est developpe chez tous les animaux, pesant 50 fois plus que la surrenale normale chez l'animal immunodeprime, et neuf fois plus que celle de chez les animaux sans immunodepression. On a pu identifier les cellules tumorales intraglandulaires catecholaminergiques par l'expression -galactosidase. Aucun animal n'a ete atteint de diffusion systemique. La creation de cancer de la surrenale par transplantation de cellules de pheochromocytome intra-surrenale est facilement reproductible et techniquement faisable. Ce modele permet l'etude simultanee de tissus neoplasique et normal, en ce qui concerne leur reponses aux drogues necessaires pour le diagnostic et le traitement des neoplasmes. La depression de la croissance tumorale chez l'animal sans immunodepression est due, probablement, au nombre eleve de cellules immunocompetentes intraglandulaires.
- Published
- 2001
3. Localization, regulation and functions of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in cervical sympathetic ganglia
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Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, and Wolfgang Kummer
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Narcotics ,Nervous system ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Histology ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Guinea Pigs ,Neuropeptide ,Galanin ,Substance P ,Biology ,Nitric Oxide ,Norepinephrine ,Catecholamines ,Dogs ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Instrumentation ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,Neuropeptides ,Electric Conductivity ,Acetylcholine ,Nerve Regeneration ,Rats ,Paravertebral ganglia ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Catecholamine ,Neuron ,Anatomy ,Somatostatin ,Neuroscience ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cervical sympathetic ganglia represent a suitable model for studying the establishment and plasticity of neurochemical organization in the nervous system since sympathetic postganglionic neurons: (1) express several neuromediators, i.e., short acting transmitters, neuropeptide modulators and radicals, in different combinations; (2) receive synaptic input from a limited number of morphologically and neurochemically well-defined neuron populations in the central and peripheral nervous systems (anterograde influence on phenotype); (3) can be classified morphologically and neurochemically by the target they innervate (retrograde influence on phenotype); (4) regenerate readily, making it possible to study changes in neuromediator content after axonal lesion and their possible influence on peripheral nerve regeneration; (5) can be maintained in vitro in order to investigate effects of soluble factors as well as of membrane bound molecules on neuromediator expression; and (6) are easily accessible. Acetylcholine and noradrenaline, as well as neuropeptides and the recently discovered radical, nitric oxide, are discussed with respect to their localization and possible functions in the mammalian superior cervical and cervicothoracic (stellate) paravertebral ganglia. Furthermore, mechanisms regulating transmitter synthesis in sympathetic neurons in vivo and in vitro, such as soluble factors, cell contact or electrical activity, are summarized, since modulation of transmitter synthesis, release and metabolism plays a key role in the neuronal response to environmental influences.
- Published
- 1996
4. Target-dependent plasticity of galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the rat superior cervical ganglion after nerve lesion and re-innervation
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Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, and I. Grohmann
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Nerve Crush ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Submandibular Gland ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Population ,Iris ,Neuropeptide ,Galanin ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Neuronal Plasticity ,General Neuroscience ,Immunohistochemistry ,Nerve Regeneration ,Rats ,Ganglion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,nervous system ,Female ,Neuron ,Axotomy ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
The expression of the neuropeptides galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is increased in subpopulations of sympathetic neurons after axotomy of the rat superior cervical ganglion. We investigated whether postganglionic neurons innervating different targets show a prevalence for any of the two peptides in response to carotid nerve lesion. Before the respective postganglionic axons were crushed close to the ganglion, postganglionic neurons projecting either to the iris (through the internal carotid nerve) or to the submandibular gland (through both carotid branches) were identified by the retrograde tracer Fast Blue. Galanin and VIP immunoreactivities were demonstrated two and 30 days after crush and after successful regeneration of the lesioned neurons (60 days). In control ganglia, both peptides were detected in a few gland- but not in iris-projecting neurons. However, two days after crush of the respective carotid nerves, 14% of neurons within the iris and 46% within the gland population were immunoreactive for galanin. The percentage of neurons immunoreactive for VIP was significantly lower in both populations: only 3.5% of neurons projecting to the iris and 23% of the gland-projecting neuron population exhibited this peptide. After 30 days, the percentage of galanin- and VIP-positive neurons projecting to the submandibular gland was reduced (24% and 5.7%, respectively), whereas the proportion of galanin-immunoreactive neurons further increased within the iris population (55%), indicating that some neurons express galanin at later stages after the lesion. At 60 days after the crush, the percentage of galanin- or VIP-immunoreactive neurons had decreased to control levels within those neuron populations that re-innervated the iris or submandibular gland, although the total number of neurons exhibiting galanin or VIP was still increased within the ganglion, suggesting that re-establishment of target contact may play a role in down-regulation of both peptides.
- Published
- 1996
5. Secretoneurin-immunoreactivity in nerve terminals apposing identified preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat: colocalization with substance P and enkephalin
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Christine Heym, Klaus Benndorf, R. Kirchmair, Reiner Fischer-Colbrie, and Lars Klimaschewski
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,Neuropeptide ,Substance P ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Chromogranins ,medicine ,Animals ,Nerve Endings ,Secretoneurin ,Neuropeptides ,Proteins ,Colocalization ,Enkephalins ,Retrograde tracing ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ,Secretogranin II ,Female ,Free nerve ending - Abstract
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion are innervated by nerve fibers containing classical neurotransmitters as well as neuropeptides. In this study we examined the possible participation of a novel peptide, secretoneurin (a cleavage product of secretogranin II), in regulation of sympathetic outflow to head and neck by using a retrograde labelling-technique combined with immunohistochemistry. In addition, the coexistence of secretoneurin with substance P and leu-enkephalin, peptides known to innervate preganglionic neurons, was investigated. The majority of retrogradely labeled neurons were localized in the nucleus intermediolateralis of spinal cord segments T1-T3 (maximum at T2). Nearly all of Fast Blue positive neuronal perikarya were apposed by nerve fibers and terminals exhibiting immunoreactivity to secretoneurin. The main secretoneurin-immunoreactive form found in the upper thoracic segments corresponded to the free peptide secretoneurin as revealed by chromatography and radioimmunoassay. More than half of labeled neurons were surrounded by nerve endings containing in addition substance P or leu-enkephalin which were also, however, less frequently colocalized. Our results suggest that secretoneurin influences the activity of preganglionic sympathetic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion. Regarding their frequent colocalization with substance P and leu-enkephalin, functional interactions of these peptides on preganglionic sympathetic nerve activity have to be considered.
- Published
- 1995
6. Chemical codes of sensory neurons innervating the guinea-pig adrenal gland
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Lars Klimaschewski, Christine Heym, Wolfgang Kummer, and Birgitta Braun
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Guinea Pigs ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Substance P ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,Dynorphins ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Internal medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Adrenal Glands ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurons, Afferent ,Medulla ,Adrenal gland ,Adrenal cortex ,Neuropeptides ,Cell Biology ,Sensory neuron ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Adrenal Medulla ,Adrenal Cortex ,Female ,Amino Acid Oxidoreductases ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,Cholecystokinin ,Adrenal medulla - Abstract
Retrograde neuronal tracing in combination with double-labelling immunofluorescence was applied to distinguish the chemical coding of guinea-pig primary sensory neurons projecting to the adrenal medulla and cortex. Seven subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were identified in thoracic spinal ganglia T1-L1. Five subpopulations contained immunolabelling either for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) alone (I), or for CGRP, together with substance (P (II), substance P/dynorphin (III), substance P/cholecystokinin (IV), and substance P/nitric oxide synthase (V), respectively. Two additional subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were distinct from these groups: neurofilament-immunoreactive neurons (VI), and cell bodies that were nonreactive to either of the antisera applied (VII). Nerve fibres in the adrenal medulla and cortex were equipped with the mediator combinations I, II, IV and VI. An additional meshwork of fibres solely labelled for nitric oxide synthase was visible in the medulla. Medullary as well as cortical fibres along endocrine tissue apparently lacked the chemical code V, while in the external cortex some fibres exhibited code III. Some intramedullary neuronal cell bodies revealed immunostaining for nitric oxide synthase, CGRP or substance P, providing an additional intrinsic adrenal innervation. Perikarya, immunolabelled for nitric oxide synthase, however, were too few to match with the large number of intramedullary nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibres. A non-sensory participation is also supposed for the particularly dense intramedullary network of solely neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve fibres. The findings give evidence for a differential sensory innervation of the guineapig adrenal cortex and medulla. Specific sensory neuron subpopulations suggest that nervous control of adrenal functions is more complex than hitherto believed.
- Published
- 1995
7. Immunohistochemical demonstration of the synthesis enzyme for nitric oxide and of comediators in neurons and chromaffin cells of the human adrenal medulla
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Bernd Mayer, Christine Heym, and Mario Colombo-Benckmann
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Adult ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Substance P ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Neurons ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Adrenal gland ,Infant ,Colocalization ,General Medicine ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Immunohistochemistry ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Adrenal Medulla ,Child, Preschool ,Chromaffin cell ,Catecholamine ,Female ,Amino Acid Oxidoreductases ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,Anatomy ,Adrenal medulla ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Within the human adrenal medulla immunoreactivity for the nitric oxide (NO)-generating enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was demonstrated in neurons, nerve fibres and chromaffin cells. Correlation of NOS-immunoreactivity with immunostaining for the peptides neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, substance P or vasoactive intestinal polypetide and for the catecholamine synthesisenzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, respectively, in nerve cell bodies revealed colocalization of NOS only with substance P. Sparse intramedullary NOS-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibres associated with blood vessels or with chromaffin tissue were devoid of immunoreactivi-ties for tyrosine hydroxylase or for the investigated peptides. Small NOS-immunolabeled cells belonged to the catecholamine-containing chromaffin cell population and costored VIP, but were distinct from the somatostatin- or neuropeptide Y- immunostained chromaffin subpopulations. The localization of NOS in distinct structural components of the human adrenal medulla indicates that NO is produced in different cell types and may reflect a differential role of this messenger system in autonomic control of adrenal gland function.
- Published
- 1994
8. Eröffnungsrede
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Christine Heym
- Subjects
General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 1992
9. The origin of ovarian neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive nerve fibres from the inferior mesenteric ganglion in the pig
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Christine Heym and Mariusz Majewski
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Inferior mesenteric ganglion ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Swine ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Ovary ,Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ,Biology ,Efferent Pathways ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Species Specificity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Neuropeptide Y ,Tyrosine ,Neurons ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Cell Biology ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Retrograde tracing ,Ganglion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Catecholamine ,Female ,Biomarkers ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Applying a double-immunofluorescence technique, the porcine ovary is demonstrated to receive two populations of NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres originating from the inferior mesenteric ganglion: one with colocalized tyrosine hydroxylase and supplying predominantly the ovarian vasculature, and a second, solely NPY-immunoreactive and almost exclusively associated with growing follicles. A third group of tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-positive, but NPY-negative nerve fibres is associated with ovarian blood vessels and, to a minor extent, with ovarian follicles. As revealed by retrograde tracing, the vast majority of postganglionic neurons projecting to the ovary is located in a discrete area of the ganglion, suggesting a somatotopic organization of the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion. Moreover, the findings indicate that three subpopulations of postganglionic sympathetic neurons with different chemical codes supply different target components of the porcine ovary. The physiological relevance of the described neurons in the nervous control of ovarian functions remains to be elucidated.
- Published
- 1991
10. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in presumptive baroreceptor neurons innervating the guinea pig carotid sinus
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Christine Heym, Wolfgang Kummer, and M. Reinecke
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Male ,Baroreceptor ,Stilbamidines ,Physiology ,Guinea Pigs ,Neuropeptide ,Pressoreceptors ,Sensory system ,Guinea pig ,medicine ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Sympathectomy ,Neurotensin ,Sinus (anatomy) ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Neurons ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Carotid sinus ,Anatomy ,Immunohistochemistry ,Retrograde tracing ,Ganglion ,Microscopy, Electron ,Carotid Sinus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the ultrastructure and origin of previously described neurotensin-like immunoreactive (NT-LI) nerve fibres in the wall of the carotid sinus of the guinea pig. In our degeneration experiments, these NT-LI axons were unaffected by surgical sympathectomy but disappeared in response to transection of the carotid sinus nerve, thus suggesting a sensory origin. This assumption could be supported by combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry. Primary afferent neurons of the sensory glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion projecting to the carotid sinus were identified by injecting the retrograde fluorescent tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the sinus wall, and some of these neurons displayed NT-LI. Within the carotid sinus, the terminals of these NT-LI sensory neurons exhibited ultrastructural features characteristic of baroreceptor endings, i.e. axonal swellings filled with mitochondria and closely associated to elastin. However, many endings also fulfilling the ultrastructural criteria for baroreceptors were devoid of immunolabelling. Thus, we conclude that the NT-LI terminals constitute a subgroup rather than the entire population of baroreceptor endings within the guinea pig carotid sinus. With respect to the established pharmacological effects of NT in guinea pig, we propose an involvement of NT-LI fibres in the modulation of baroreception at the peripheral level.
- Published
- 1991
11. Different types of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea-pig stellate ganglion as revealed by triple-labelling immunofluorescence
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Wolfgang Kummer and Christine Heym
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Skin Absorption ,Guinea Pigs ,Stellate Ganglion ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,In Vitro Techniques ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,Immunofluorescence ,Adipose Tissue, Brown ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Brown adipose tissue ,medicine ,Animals ,Neuropeptide Y ,Skin ,Neurons ,integumentary system ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Muscles ,General Neuroscience ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,humanities ,Sweat Glands ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Calcitonin ,Stellate ganglion ,Peripheral nervous system ,Female - Abstract
A triple-labelling immunofluorescence technique was used to study the patterns of coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the guinea-pig stellate ganglion. CGRP-immunoreactive postganglionic neurons, which all were of the non-catecholaminergic type, could be divided into NPY-positive and NPY-negative populations. Sweat glands, which are a known target of CGRP-immunoreactive sympathetic neurons, exhibited exclusively fibers of the CGRP+/NPY- phenotype. Lack of coexistence of CGRP- and NPY-immunoreactivity was also observed in nerves within skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and hairy skin. The findings document a previously unknown diversity of CGRP-immunoreactive postganglionic sympathetic neurons, and indicate the existence of an addition, presently unidentified target of non-catecholaminergic, CGRP-immunoreactive sympathetic neurons.
- Published
- 1991
12. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in tracheobronchial lymph nodes of the guinea pig: Origin, ultrastructure and coexistence with other peptides
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Christine Heym, Ruth Kurkowski, and Wolfgang Kummer
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Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Guinea Pigs ,Tracheobronchial lymph nodes ,Bronchi ,Nerve fiber ,Substance P ,Biology ,Dynorphins ,Biochemistry ,Guinea pig ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Nerve Fibers ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Animals ,Lymph node ,Paratracheal lymph nodes ,Neuropeptides ,Anatomy ,Immunohistochemistry ,Trachea ,Neuronal tracing ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Female ,Lymph Nodes ,Lymph ,Cholecystokinin ,Sensory nerve - Abstract
Double-labeling immunofluorescence of guinea pig tracheobronchial lymph nodes revealed complete coincidence of SP and CGRP immunoreactivities in perivascular nerves and axons of the medullary lymphatic tissue. Additional dynorphin A or cholecystokinin immunoreactivity was seen only in some of the medullary fibers. Ultrastructurally, all SP-immunoreactive axons were unmyelinated and displayed vesicle-containing varicosities. Retrograde neuronal tracing combined with immunohistochemistry revealed a sensory origin from dorsal root ganglia of SP/CGRP-immunoreactive fibers ramifying within paratracheal lymph nodes, and an additional neuronal population being devoid of SP/CGRP immunoreactivity. The findings provide evidence for several types of sensory nerve fibers innervating lymph nodes.
- Published
- 1990
13. Selective accumulation of meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin in steroid-synthesizing cells of the rat adrenal gland
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Christine Heym, M. Muhm, Hedwig E. Deubzer, Johannes Gahlen, Magnus-Sebastian Vry, Andreas Holloschi, Mario Colombo-Benkmann, Matthias Haffner, and Norbert Senninger
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemistry ,Adrenal gland ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Photodynamic therapy ,Steroid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Zona glomerulosa ,Internal medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Chlorin ,medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,Fixative - Abstract
Rat adrenal glands fluoresce intensely after systemic application of meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC). We investigated which parts of the adrenal gland accumulate mTHPC. Furthermore we examined the time course of adrenal mTHPC-accumulation. Ten male Wistar rats each were given 0.5 or 0.7 mg mTHPC kg-1 iv. Each two animals were perfused with normal saline and Zamboni fixative 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after photosensitization. Untreated animals served as controls. Fluorescence was quantified on 20 micrometer frozen sections with CCD-camera and appropriate software. Immunohistochemistry identified specific cell types with antibodies to steroid-synthesizing enzymes. The cortex exhibited an intense fluorescence, with weaker fluorescence of corticocytes in the zona glomerulosa compared to the other zones. Besides intensely fluorescing singly lying scattered cells, the medulla showed a faint mTHPC-induced fluorescence. Immunohistochemistry revealed that intramedullary cells with intense fluorescence were corticocytes, showing a positive reaction to the 21-(beta) -hydroxylase antibody. Peak accumulation of mTHPC was always observed after 24 hours. Our results indicate for the first time that only steroid synthesizing cells of the adrenal gland exhibit an intense photosensitizer-induced fluorescence. Thus mTHPC-application is an uncomplicated method to identify steroid-synthesizing cells, possibly also in other organs.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
- Published
- 1998
14. Laserlicht induzierte Fluoreszenz der Nebenniere und Phäochromocytomzellen der Ratte nach Applikation von mTHPC
- Author
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Christine Heym, M. Muhm, J. Gahlen, C. Herfarth, and M. Colombo-Benkmann
- Abstract
Meso-Tetra-(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) ist ein Photosensitizer der zweiten Generation [2] mit einem Absorbtionsspektrum bei 652 nm [3]. Er hat aufgrund seines Absorbtionsspektrums gegenuber anderen vergleichbaren Chromophoren den Vorteil, einer hoheren Gewebepenetration des applizierten Lichtes. Wegen seiner gegenuber Hamatoporphyrinderivaten bis um das 100fach erhohten Anregbarkeit, sind deutlich niedrigere Energiedosen und Bestrahlungszeiten fur PDT und PDD notwendig [4]. Eine in bestimmten malignen Tumoren bis zu dem 14fach erhohte Konzentration fuhrt ebenso zu einer deutlich hoheren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Effektivitat fur die PDD und PDT [5].
- Published
- 1998
15. Photosensitizer-induced fluorescence of the rat adrenal gland and rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC 12) by meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC)
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Christine Heym, M. Muhm, Norbert Senninger, Mario Colombo-Benkmann, and Johannes Gahlen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Confluency ,Chemistry ,Adrenal cortex ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Photodynamic therapy ,Reserpine ,medicine.disease ,Pheochromocytoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Fluorescence microscope ,Photosensitizer ,Adrenal medulla ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Rat adrenal glands exhibit an intense mTHPC-induced fluorescence. The objective of our study was the identification of adrenal cells exhibiting mTHPC-induced fluorescence under normal conditions and under stimulation of adrenal proliferation by reserpine. Furthermore mTHPC-uptake of rat pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells was investigated. Four male Wistar rats received 0.5 mg mTHPC/kg iv 48 hours before perfusion. Furthermore four rats received reserpine (2 mg/kg im od), bromo-deoxy-uridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg ip od) each for one week and mTHPC (0.5 mg/kg) 48 hours before perfusion. BrdU was detected immunohistochemically. PC 12-cells were incubated with 0.5 mg mTHPC/l culture medium for 24 or 48 hours. Cells and tissues were examined by fluorescence microscopy. The adrenal cortex exhibited an intense mTHPC-induced fluorescence. The adrenal medulla fluoresced faintly. Reserpine increased fluorescence of intramedullary cells, not coinciding with adrenal proliferation. Cortical fluorescence remained unchanged. PC 12-cells lying singly or in small groups and differentiating cells showed a more intense mTHPC- induced fluorescence than confluent cells. Differences of cortical and medullary uptake of mTHPC are independent of proliferation and may be explained by lipophilia of mTHPC, since adrenocytes have an uptake mechanism for cholesterol. The difference of mTHPC-uptake between PC 12-cells and chromaffin cells implicate the possibility of photodynamic applications for medullary neoplasia.
- Published
- 1997
16. PACAP immunoreactivity in the rat superior cervical ganglion in comparison to VIP
- Author
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Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, and C Hauser
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Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Sympathetic nervous system ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Neuropeptide ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,General Neuroscience ,Neuropeptides ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,Autonomic nervous system ,Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ,Female ,Axotomy ,Free nerve ending ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
The presence and regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) was investigated in the adult rat superior cervical ganglion. Double-labelling immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against PACAP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) revealed a dense innervation of postganglionic sympathetic neurones by PACAP-immunoreactive but VIP-negative nerve endings that mainly were of preganglionic origin since they disappeared after transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Since PACAP regulates transmitter synthesis and release in sympathetic neurones in vitro, this finding provides a morphological correlate for modulatory effects of PACAP in vivo. Few neurones contained PACAP under normal conditions. However, the number of PACAP-positive neurones increased in response to axotomy of the postganglionic nerves. Many of the newly PACAP-positive neurones also contained VIP, suggesting that both peptides are regulated by similar mechanisms.
- Published
- 1996
17. Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase in a subpopulation of rat sympathetic neurons after axotomy - correlation with vasoactive intestinal peptide
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Christine Heym, Sebastian Bachmann, Mariusz Majewski, Lars Klimaschewski, and Nicholas Obermüller
- Subjects
Superior cervical ganglion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,In situ hybridization ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Antibody Specificity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Peripheral Nerves ,RNA, Messenger ,In Situ Hybridization ,Denervation ,Neurons ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,biology ,Cell Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Axons ,Rats ,Nitric oxide synthase ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Cervical ganglia ,biology.protein ,Female ,Axotomy ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,Adrenergic Fibers ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression is increased in peripheral sensory and central motor neurons after axotomy. By applying double-labelling immunofluorescence and non-radioactive in situ hybridization, we have investigated the regulation of NOS in axotomized sympathetic rat superior cervical ganglia. Furthermore, co-localization of NOS with vasoactive intestinal peptide, which is also induced by axotomy, has been examined. Very few (
- Published
- 1996
18. Immunohistochemical heterogeneity of nerve cells in the human adrenal gland with special reference to substance P
- Author
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Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, and Mario Colombo-Benkmann
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Neurofilament ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Substance P ,Dynorphin ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Internal medicine ,Adrenal Glands ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase ,Neurons ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Adrenal gland ,Middle Aged ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Calcitonin ,Adrenal Medulla ,Female ,Rabbits ,Anatomy ,Adrenal medulla - Abstract
Neurons in the human adrenal medulla, stained by the NADH-diaphorase reaction, were counted and their neurochemical markers were investigated by double labeling immunofluorescence with special reference to substance P. The findings indicate a significant participation of intramedullary nerve cell bodies in human adrenal innervation with 40.4 neurons/mm3 adrenal medulla. Substance P-immunoreactive neurons, which made up approximately 20% of all neurons, exhibited heterogeneity by co-localization of immunoreactivities for dynorphin, for cholecystokinin, and for neurofilament triplet. Substance-P-immunolabeled neurons were always nonreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide, for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, or for tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis. These chemical phenotypes of intramedullary neurons reveal immunohistochemical similarities with postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic ganglia or with enteric neurons, suggesting a hitherto unrecognized functional significance of the intrinsic nervous system in the human adrenal gland.
- Published
- 1996
19. Immunohistochemical correlation of human adrenal nerve fibres and thoracic dorsal root neurons with special reference to substance P
- Author
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Lat's Klimaschewski, Christine Heym, Brigitta Braun, Mario Colombo-Benkmann, and Yin Shuyi
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Adolescent ,Substance P ,Biology ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Dorsal root ganglion ,Internal medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Adrenal Glands ,medicine ,Humans ,Axon ,Child ,Molecular Biology ,Adrenal gland ,Adrenal cortex ,Colocalization ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,Immunohistochemistry ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Microscopy, Electron ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry - Abstract
Applying a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique, six types of substance P-containing nerve fibres were distinguished in the human adrenal gland according to the immunohistochemical colocalization of (I) calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), (II) cholecystokinin, (III) nitric oxide synthase, (IV) dynorphin, (V) somatostatin, and (VI) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Fibre populations I to IV in their mediator content resembled the respective subpopulations of primary sensory neurons in human thoracic dorsal root ganglia, while populations V and VI revealed no correspondence with dorsal root neurochemical coding. Nerve fibres with the combination substance P/nitric oxide synthase occurred only in the adrenal cortex, whereas all other fibre types were present in both cortex and medulla. As revealed by immuno-electron microscopy, substance P-immunolabelled axon varicosities (a) exhibited synaptic contacts with medullary chromaffin cells or with neuronal dendrites, (b) were directly apposed to cortical steroid cells and (c) were separated from fenestrated capillaries only by the interstitial space. These findings provide immunochemical support for an assumed sensory innervation of the human adrenal gland, and additionally suggest participation of substance P in efferent autonomic pathways. Furthermore, the results are indicative for a differentiated involvement of substance P in the direct and indirect regulation of neuroneuronal and neuroendocrine interactions.
- Published
- 1995
20. Vasoactive intestinal peptide but not galanin promotes survival of neonatal rat sympathetic neurons and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells
- Author
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Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, and Klaus Unsicker
- Subjects
Superior cervical ganglion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Neurite ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Cell Survival ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Galanin ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Biology ,PC12 Cells ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Neurites ,Animals ,Cells, Cultured ,Neurons ,General Neuroscience ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,Nerve growth factor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Animals, Newborn ,Neuron ,Axotomy ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
The synthesis of the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is greatly enhanced after axonal lesion in different neuron populations of the peripheral and central nervous system. In sympathetic ganglia, GAL-immunoreactive nerve fiber baskets have been found surrounding postganglionic neurons after axotomy. Until now, it is unclear if GAL may be involved in neuronal survival or regeneration as suggested for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) that is also upregulated after nerve lesion. We have, therefore, studied the effects of GAL on survival of sympathetic neurons dissociated from newborn rat superior cervical ganglia and on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. These effects were compared to those elicited by VIP. Whereas VIP promoted survival of about 10% of sympathetic neurons 2 days after nerve growth factor deprivation and induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells already at 6 h after addition of the peptide, GAL had no effect in either of these culture systems. While the induction of VIP may be beneficial for axotomized neurons, the functional significance of increased GAL levels remains to be established.
- Published
- 1995
21. Preganglionic sympathetic neurones, innervating the guinea pig adrenal medulla, immunohistochemically contain choline acetyltransferase and also leu-enkephalin
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Michael Schemann, and M. Colombo-Benkmann
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic ,Guinea Pigs ,Grey matter ,Choline O-Acetyltransferase ,Guinea pig ,Internal medicine ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurons ,Adrenal gland ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Spinal cord ,Choline acetyltransferase ,Immunohistochemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Spinal Cord ,Adrenal Medulla ,Cholinergic ,Female ,Adrenal medulla ,Enkephalin, Leucine - Abstract
Applying retrograde neuronal tracing combined with double labelling immunofluorescence, preganglionic nerve cell bodies in the intermediate grey matter of the guinea pig thoracic spinal cord, projecting to the adrenal gland, co-exhibited immunolabelling for choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) and sometimes, also for leu-enkephalin. Likewise, ChAT-immunoreactive nerve fibers, forming a dense meshwork in the adrenal medulla, partly contained immunostaining also for leu-enkephalin. Some of the intramedullary nerve cell bodies were ChAT-positive but were non-reactive for leu-enkephalin. The findings provide evidence for an extrinsic (preganglionic) and an intrinsic (postganglionic) cholinergic nerve system in the guinea pig adrenal medulla, the preganglionic syste, utilising leu-enkephalin as co-mediator.
- Published
- 1995
22. Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat superior cervical ganglion on mRNA and protein level
- Author
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Hannsjörg Schröder, Christina Lobron, Alfred Maelicke, Andrea Wevers, Lars Klimaschewski, R. Spessert, Stefan Reuss, and Christine Heym
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Blotting, Western ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Gene Expression ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Biology ,Receptors, Nicotinic ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Ganglion type nicotinic receptor ,Internal medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Molecular Biology ,In Situ Hybridization ,G alpha subunit ,Acetylcholine receptor ,Neurons ,Molecular biology ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Nicotinic agonist ,nervous system ,Small intensely fluorescent cell ,Female ,sense organs ,Acetylcholine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the rat superior cervical ganglion was investigated by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and non-radioactive in situ hybridization applying probes for the alpha 4-1 and beta 2 subunit mRNA. Immunoblot analysis of homogenized ganglia using the anti-nAChRs antibody WF6 revealed a labeled protein band of apparent molecular weight of 40 kDa which is typical for the alpha subunit of nAChRs. Applying double-labeling immunofluorescence with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, nAChR-like molecules were identified in most postganglionic neurons and in a subpopulation of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. alpha 4-1 and beta 2 subunit mRNAs were detected in all perikarya of postganglionic sympathetic neurons but not in SIF cells. These results suggest that antibodies raised against purified Torpedo AChR bind to nAChR in sympathetic ganglia and indicate that alpha 4-1 and beta 2 subunits are constituents of nAChRs in sympathetic postganglionic neurons but not of SIF cells.
- Published
- 1994
23. Chemosensitivity, plasticity, and functional heterogeneity of paraganglionic cells in the rat coeliac-superior mesenteric complex
- Author
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Christine Heym, L. Peyrin, Nadine Borghini, and Yvette Dalmaz
- Subjects
Guanethidine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Dopamine ,Population ,Biology ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Norepinephrine ,Dopaminergic Cell ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,Hypoxia ,Instrumentation ,Mesenteric arteries ,Neurons ,education.field_of_study ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,Neuronal Plasticity ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Paraganglia, Nonchromaffin ,Dopaminergic ,Sympathectomy, Chemical ,Hypoxia (medical) ,Mesenteric Arteries ,Rats ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Chemosensitivity and plasticity of paraganglionic cells in the rat coeliac-superior mesenteric complex (CSMC) were investigated at a basal state of normoxia (21% O2) and after long-term moderate hypoxia (10% O2, 14 days). Chemical sympathectomy previous to hypoxia was performed to destroy principal ganglionic neurons and thus to allow measurement of the norepinephrine and dopamine content of paraganglionic cells. At the basal state, the CSMC contained dopaminergic (TH+/DBH-) and noradrenergic (TH+/DBH+) paraganglionic cells, the majority being of the noradrenergic type. After 14 days of hypoxia, this ratio was reversed and dopaminergic cells predominated, as indicated by a twofold increase of TH+ cells and a twofold decrease of DBH+ cells. Biochemically, hypoxia produced an increase in the content (1.6-fold) and utilization (1.4-fold) of dopamine as well as a smaller increase in the content of norepinephrine, with no change in its utilization rate. The dopaminergic activation induced by hypoxia persisted after sympathectomy with guanethidine. It is concluded that paraganglionic cells in the CSMC display a chemosensitive function. Furthermore, our findings indicate that paraganglionic cells are differentially affected by hypoxia, depending on their distribution and the nature of their neuromodulators. The alterations induced by hypoxia point out the phenotypic plasticity developed by paraganglionic cells in adaptation to hypoxia and further demonstrate the functional heterogeneity of this autonomic cell population in the rat CSMC.
- Published
- 1994
24. Immunohistochemistry of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells and of SIF cell-associated nerve fibers in the rat superior cervical ganglion
- Author
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Christine Heym, Nadine Borghini, Lars Klimaschewski, and Reiner Fischer-Colbrie
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Serotonin ,Histology ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Neuropeptide ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Nerve Fibers ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Galanin ,Instrumentation ,Secretoneurin ,biology ,Chemistry ,Synaptic vesicle membrane ,Paraganglia, Nonchromaffin ,Neuropeptides ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Molecular biology ,Denervation ,Rats ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Endocrinology ,Synaptophysin ,biology.protein ,Female ,Anatomy - Abstract
Double-labelling immunofluorescence was applied on single sections of the rat superior cervical ganglion to evaluate neurochemistry and connectivity of intraganglionic SIF cells. The synaptic vesicle membrane protein synaptophysin and secretoneurin, a newly discovered neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II, proved reliable molecular markers of this cell type, whereas serotonin and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivities were observed in slightly incongruent SIF cell subpopulations. Immunolabelling for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neuropeptide Y occurred in few SIF cells. None of the above immunoreactivities were visibly altered by preganglionic or postganglionic denervation, while some SIF cells were immunolabelled for galanin or for the neuronal microtubule-associated protein MAP2 after postganglionic denervation. SIF cells were nonreactive for the pan-neuronal marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 or neurofilament 160 kD. Intense staining of NADPH-diaphorase in some SIF cells, suggesting catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthase, could not be substantiated by immunoreactivity for this enzyme. SIF cells were approached by nonidentical fiber populations immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, neurofilament, or neuropeptide Y, whereas immunoreactivities for galanin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were colocalized in fiber meshes around SIF cells. The findings indicate (1) neurochemical SIF cell heterogeneity, (2) SIF cell plasticity in response to ganglionic perturbation, and (3) a differentiated innervation of SIF cells in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
- Published
- 1994
25. Plasticity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion after axotomy
- Author
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Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, Rainer Nobiling, and Thang D. Tran
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Histology ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Neuropeptide ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Galanin ,Superior Cervical Ganglion ,Biology ,Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Microscopy, Immunoelectron ,Instrumentation ,Cell Size ,Neurons ,Neuronal Plasticity ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Neuropeptides ,Colocalization ,Rats ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Female ,Neuron ,Anatomy ,Axotomy ,Peptides ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
The neuropeptides galanin (GAL) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are upregulated in spinal and vagal sensory as well as in cranial motor neurons after axonal transection. In this study an increase of both peptides is demonstrated in axotomized principal ganglionic neurons (PGN) of the rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglion by use of double-labeling immunofluorescence. Compared to control ganglia that do not contain more than 1% GAL- or VIP-positive cells, about 26% of all PGN exhibit GAL immunoreactivity by day 1 after transection of the major postganglionic branches. The proportion of immunoreactive neurons reaches its maximum after 30 days (40%) and decreases to about 27% within the second month after axotomy. The percentage of VIP-positive neurons is much lower than for GAL: 2% of the PGN exhibit VIP immunoreactivity at day 1 and about 7% are observed 30 and 60 days after axotomy. In order to further characterize newly GAL- and VIP-positive PGN, their cell diameters were determined 12 days after axotomy. Compared to the mean overall neuron diameter of 24.8 μm, GAL-immunoreactive neurons are predominantly of small and intermediate size (22.2 μm), whereas VIP occurs mainly in larger neurons (26.1 μm). Besides cell bodies, many intraganglionic nerve fibers stain positive for GAL or VIP, particularly at day 6. Most likely, these fibers represent axons, as indicated by the absence of MAP2, a cytoskeletal protein found in neuronal somata and dendrites. They establish direct membrane contacts with postganglionic perikarya, as revealed by pre-embedding immuno-electron microscopy. Some cell bodies and fibers contain both peptides. Colocalization of GAL or VIP with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, reveals a reduced immunoreactivity for TH in intensely GAL- or VIP-positive cells, and vice versa at day 6. However, no difference in staining intensity for VIP or GAL, and TH, is observed after 30 and 60 days. Possible implications of GAL and VIP for peripheral nerve regeneration and their regulation by target-derived factors are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 1994
26. Immunocytochemical correlation of peptides and tyrosine hydroxylase in nerve fibres of the human parotid gland
- Author
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Richard Webber, Detlef Adler, and Christine Heym
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Substance P ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Parotid Gland ,Neuropeptide Y ,General Dentistry ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Salivary gland ,Neuropeptides ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Arteries ,Middle Aged ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Adenolymphoma ,Immunohistochemistry ,humanities ,Parotid gland ,Parotid Neoplasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,chemistry ,Peripheral nervous system ,Female ,Enkephalin, Leucine ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
The peptidergic innervation of parenchymal and vascular components in the human parotid gland was investigated by double-labelling fluorescence. Peptide immunoreactivity in nerve fibres was correlated with the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). By light microscopy, acinar innervation consisted of fibres with the combinations neuropeptide Y (NPY)/TH and NPY/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Some fibres were solely NPY, TH or VIP immunoreactive. Rarely, substance P (SP)/calcitonin gene-related (CGRP)-immunolabelled fibres were associated with acini. Intercalated ducts were often approached by NPY/TH- and VIP-containing fibres. VIP innervation of excretory ducts was sparse. Intralobular and intralobar excretory ducts, in addition to NPY and TH, revealed CGRP and CGRP/SP innervation, whereas nerve fibres on interlobar excretory ducts very rarely contained NPY and none of the other mediators. Vascular innervation consisted of NPY/TH and SP/CGRP fibres; in a few fibres SP was colocalized with leu-enkephalin. Large arteries were encircled by some VIP-positive fibres. The findings suggest a specific participation of neuropeptides and of peptide combinations in the regulation of parotid exocrine function.
- Published
- 1994
27. Immunohistochemical evidence for different pathways immunoreactive to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the guinea-pig stellate ganglion
- Author
-
Peter Oberst, Andrea Gleich, Wolfgang Kummer, Nengbao Liu, and Christine Heym
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Population ,Guinea Pigs ,Stellate Ganglion ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Substance P ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Dorsal root ganglion ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Axon ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Cell Biology ,Retrograde tracing ,Immunohistochemistry ,Microscopy, Electron ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Sensory Ganglion ,chemistry ,Stellate ganglion ,Female ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
The colocalization of immunoreactivities to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in nervous structures and their correlation with other peptidergic structures were studied in the stellate ganglion of the guinea pig by the application of double-labelling immunofluorescence. Three types of fibre were distinguished. (1) Substance P+/CGRP+ fibres, which sometimes displayed additional immunoreactivity for enkephalin, constituted a small fibre population of sensory origin, as deduced from retrograde labelling of substance P+/CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion cells. (2) Substance P+/CGRP− fibres were more frequent; some formed baskets around non-catecholaminergic perikarya that were immunoreactive to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). (3) CGRP+/substance P− fibres were most frequent and were mainly distributed among tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive cell bodies. The peptide content of fibre populations (2) and (3) did not correspond to that of sensory ganglion cells retrogradely labelled by tracer injection into the stellate ganglion. Therefore, these fibres are throught to arise from retrogradely labelled preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the spinal cord, in which transmitter levels may have been too low for immunohistochemical detection of substance P or CGRP. CGRP-immunoreactivity but no substance P-immunolabelling was observed in VIP-immunoreactive postganglionic neurons. Such cell bodies were TH-negative and were spared by substance P-immunolabelled fibre baskets. Retrograde tracing with Fast Blue indicated that the sweat glands in the glabrous skin of the forepaw were the targets of these neurons. The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method at the electron-microscope level demonstrated that immunoreactivity to substance P and CGRP was present in dense-cored vesicles of 50–130 nm diameter in varicosities of non-myelinated nerve fibres in the stellate ganglion. No statistically significant difference in size was observed between vesicles immunolabelled for substance P and CGRP. Immunoreactive varicosities formed axodendritic and axosomatic synaptic contacts, and unspecialized appositions to non-reactive neuronal dendrites, somata, and axon terminals. Many varicosities were partly exposed to the interstitial space. The findings provide evidence for different pathways utilizing substance P and/or CGRP in the guinea-pig stellate ganglion.
- Published
- 1993
28. Immunohistochemical evidence from co-localization and denervation studies for four types of substance P-containing nervous structures in the rat superior cervical ganglion
- Author
-
Lars Klimaschewski, Christine Heym, Ulrike Preissler, Wolfgang Kummer, and Bernd Common
- Subjects
Male ,Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Population ,Nerve fiber ,Substance P ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Sympathectomy ,Axon ,education ,Denervation ,education.field_of_study ,Cell Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Anatomy ,Neck ,Enkephalin, Leucine ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Four types of substance P-immunoreactive structures have been distinguished in the rat superior cervical ganglion by double-immunofluorescence microscopy: (1) A major population of mainly varicose fibres enmeshed singly-scattered neuronal perikarya, some of which contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactivity. These substance P-immunoreactive fibres did not contain colocalized calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and were absent after transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk. (2) A rather small substance P-immunoreactive fibre population with colocalized calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactivity was distributed in a patchy manner and disappeared after cutting the postganglionic branches. (3) Most of the intraganglionic small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cell clusters were intensely substance P-immunoreactive. SIF cells were not visibly changed in number and fluorescence intensity by either surgical procedure. (4) Immunoreactivity was not visible in principal ganglionic neurons of control ganglia, but occurred in cell bodies after pre- as well as after postganglionic nerve transection. Some of the substance P-immunolabelled perikarya in addition revealed immunostaining to antisera against the catecholamine-synthesizin enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase or against the neuropeptides leu-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, respectively. The results strongly suggest that, in addition to a substance P-containing preganglionic input (1), and a supply by substance P-containing sensory axon collaterals (2), the superior cervical ganglion of the rat gives origin to a paraganglionic (3) and a postganglionic (4) substance P-immunoreactive intrinsic system, the latter becoming visible only after disconnection of the sympathetic pathway.
- Published
- 1993
29. Nitric oxide synthase in cardiac nerve fibers and neurons of rat and guinea pig heart
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Ulrike Preissler, Bärbel Philippin, Lars Klimaschewski, J Y Couraud, Bernd Mayer, and Wolfgang Kummer
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Physiology ,Guinea Pigs ,Vasodilation ,Nitric Oxide ,Nitric oxide ,Guinea pig ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Heart Rate ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Myocyte ,Animals ,Neurons ,biology ,business.industry ,Histocytochemistry ,Myocardium ,NADPH Dehydrogenase ,Heart ,Coronary Vessels ,Ganglion ,Rats ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Cardiac nerve ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Circulatory system ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,biology.protein ,Amino Acid Oxidoreductases ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the autonomic innervation of rat and guinea pig hearts was investigated by applying the NADPH diaphorase technique and immunohistochemistry with NO synthase antiserum. We present evidence that NO synthase is localized in cardiac ganglion cells and nerve fibers innervating the sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes, the myocardium, local neurons, coronary arteries, and pulmonary vessels, suggesting an involvement of NO in neurogenic heart rate regulation, myocardial cell function, neuronal transmission in cardiac ganglia, and coronary as well as pulmonary vasodilation.
- Published
- 1992
30. The sensory and sympathetic innervation of guinea-pig lung and trachea as studied by retrograde neuronal tracing and double-labelling immunohistochemistry
- Author
-
Christine Heym, R. Kurkowski, Wolfgang Kummer, and Axel Fischer
- Subjects
Sympathetic Nervous System ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Guinea Pigs ,Neuropeptide ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Substance P ,Biology ,Axonal Transport ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,Lung ,Neurons ,Staining and Labeling ,General Neuroscience ,Neuropeptides ,Muscle, Smooth ,Vagus Nerve ,Anatomy ,respiratory system ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Retrograde tracing ,Neuronal tracing ,Trachea ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Peripheral nervous system ,Female ,Neurokinin A - Abstract
The sympathetic and sensory innervation of guinea-pig trachea and lung were studied by means of retrograde neuronal tracing using fluorescent dyes, and double-labelling immunofluorescence. Sympathetic neurons supplying the lung were located in stellate ganglia and in thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia T2-T4; those supplying the trachea resided in the superior cervical and stellate ganglia. Retrogradely labelled sympathetic neurons were usually immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase; the majority also contained neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity. However, a small number were non-catecholaminergic (i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase negative), but neuropeptide Y immunoreactive. Within the airways, tyrosine hydroxylase/neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive axons were found in the smooth muscle layer, around blood vessels including the pulmonary artery and vein, and to a lesser extent in the lamina propria. Periarterial axons contained in addition dynorphin immunoreactivity. Sensory neurons supplying the lung were located in jugular and nodose vagal ganglia as well as in upper thoracic dorsal root ganglia; those supplying the trachea were most frequently found bilaterally in the nodose ganglia and less frequently in the jugular ganglia. A spinal origin of tracheal sensory fibres could not be consistently demonstrated. With regard to their immunoreactivity to peptides, three types of sensory neurons projecting to the airways could be distinguished: (i) substance P/dynorphin immunoreactive; (ii) substance P immunoreactive but dynorphin negative; and (iii) negative to all peptides tested. Substance P-immunoreactive neurons innervating the airways invariably contained immunoreactivity to neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Retrogradely labelled neurons located in the nodose ganglia belonged almost exclusively (greater than or equal to 99%) to the peptide-negative group, whereas the three neuron types each represented about one-third of retrogradely labelled neurons in jugular and dorsal root ganglia. Within the airways, axons immunoreactive to substance P/neurokinin A and substance P/calcitonin gene-related peptide were distributed within the respiratory epithelium of trachea and large bronchi, in the lamina propria and smooth muscle from the trachea down to the smallest bronchioli (highest density at the bronchial level), in the alveolar walls, around systemic and pulmonary blood vessels, and within airway ganglia. Those axons also containing dynorphin immunoreactivity were restricted to the lamina propria and smooth muscle. The origin of nerve fibres immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, of which a part were also neuropeptide Y immunoreactive, could not be determined by retrograde tracing experiments. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive fibres terminating within airway ganglia may be of preganglionic parasympathetic origin, whereas others (e.g. those found in smooth muscle) may arise from intrinsic ganglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- Published
- 1992
31. Distribution patterns and coexistence of neurohormonal peptides (ANP, BNP, NPY, SP, CGRP, enkephalins) in chromaffin cells and nerve fibers of the anuran adrenal organ
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Manfred Reinecke, and W. G. Forssmann
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Ranidae ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Population ,Neuropeptide ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Biology ,Substance P ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Atrial natriuretic peptide ,Internal medicine ,Adrenal Glands ,Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ,medicine ,Animals ,Neuropeptide Y ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Neuropeptides ,Dynorphin A ,Cell Biology ,Enkephalins ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Brain natriuretic peptide ,Immunohistochemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Chromaffin cell ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Atrial Natriuretic Factor ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the adrenal organs of the anuran species Rana esculenta, Caldula pulchra and Bufo marinus with respect to the distribution and coexistence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), Leu-enkephalin (Leu-ENK). Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (MEAP) and dynorphin A 1-17 (DYN). Antisera against enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis, i.e., dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), were used for the identification of chromaffin cells. ANP-immunoreactive (-IR) cells occurred in high densities (30%-70% of the total cell population) in all species investigated. In C. pulchra and B. marinus, BNP-IR cells constituted a population of non-DBH-IR and non-TH-IR cells that were different from the ANP-IR cells. A large proportion of the adrenal cells (10%-55%) were immunoreactive to Leu-ENK, and a minority (2%-5%) showed MEAP-immunoreactivity. DYN-immunoreactivity was not observed. The anurans studied exhibited small numbers of SP-IR, CGRP-IR and NPY-IR cells. Immunoreactivities for ANP + Leu-ENK and Leu-ENK + MEAP were shown to coexist. In C. pulchra and B. marinus, immunoreactions for ANP + NPY, ANP+SP and SP + CGRP were also colocalized. Except for DYN, all neurohormonal peptides also occurred in intra-adrenal nerve fibers. SP-IR fibers also displayed CGRP-immunoreactivity and some Leu-ENK-IR fibers contained MEAP-immunoreactivity. In C. pulchra, NPY-IR fibers were found that also showed ANP-immunoreactivity.
- Published
- 1992
32. Immunohistochemical localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide and cotransmitters in a subpopulation of post-ganglionic neurons in the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion
- Author
-
Christine Heym and Mariusz Majewski
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Inferior mesenteric ganglion ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Swine ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Post-ganglionic ,Adrenergic ,Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ,Biology ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurons ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Neuropeptides ,Colocalization ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,humanities ,Mesenteric Arteries ,Endocrinology ,Somatostatin ,nervous system ,Female - Abstract
Summary Applying double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry, adrenergic and non-adrenergic postganglionic sympathetic neurons, in the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are subdivided according to size and cotransmitter content. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons are demonstrated to belong to the non-adrenergic, i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase- and DOPAmine-s-hydroxylase-(DsH)-negative subpopulation of postganglionic perikarya. Virtually all of the CGRP-IR postganglionic neurons exhibit colocalization with somatostatin (SOM), and, some of them with neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY). Additionally, NPY-, SOM-, and NPY/SOM-IR subpopulations of adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurons are observed. CGRP-immunoreactivity is seen in dense networks of intraganglionic varicose nerve fibres, adjacent to the TH-and SOM-IR neurons. NPY-IR perikarya are sparsely supplied by CGRP-IR fibres. SOM- and NPY-IR nerve fibres also exist in the inferior mesenteric ganglion. The functional relevance of CGRP-IR postganglionic neurons, as well as target organs of these neurons remain to be elucidated.
- Published
- 1992
33. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor-like immunoreactivity in human sweat glands
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Wolfgang Kummer, and W.Matthias Herbst
- Subjects
Sebaceous gland ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,General Neuroscience ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Neuropeptide ,Human skin ,Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone ,Sweat Glands ,SWEAT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Sweat gland ,medicine ,Humans ,Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ,Receptor ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Human sweat and sebaceous glands were studied immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody recognizing a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor. The staining pattern correlated well with the known distribution of sympathetic VIP-containing nerves in the human skin. The luminal cell layer of the sweat gland ducts and some acinar cells of the secretory coil of eccrine sweat glands were the major sites of VIP receptor-like immunoreactivity. From these findings and the known pharmacological actions of VIP it is concluded that a major role of VIP released from sympathetic nerves in the skin is to regulate chloride reabsorption from the primary sweat at the ductal segment.
- Published
- 1990
34. Chemical coding of human adrenal medullary innervation and correlation with tracing experiments in guinea pig
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Lars Klimaschewski, and Birgitta Braun
- Subjects
Guinea pig ,Medullary cavity ,Physiology ,General Neuroscience ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Tracing - Published
- 1993
35. Immunohistochemical distribution and colocalization of regulatory peptides in the carotid body
- Author
-
Wolfgang Kummer and Christine Heym
- Subjects
Carotid Body ,medicine.medical_specialty ,fungi ,Neuropeptide ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Substance P ,Biology ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Immunohistochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nerve Fibers ,Glomus cell ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Carotid body ,Anatomy ,Galanin ,Neurotensin - Abstract
Current investigations on the immunohistochemical occurrence and co-occurrence of biogenic polypeptides in the mammalian carotid body were reviewed and extended by our own recent findings. The family of chromogranins and related peptides in glomus cells appears to have a widespread interspecies distribution, whereas other peptides investigated occur in a species-specific pattern. Immunoreactivity to antisera against opioids, which derive from the proenkephalin sequence, appears to be present in glomus cells of the rabbit, cat, dog, and a shrew. Conversely, glomus cells of pig and guinea pig predominantly are immunoreactive to cleavage products of prodynorphin, which co-occur in some cells with substance P and met-enkephalin-arg-phe, respectively. In the rat and Callithrix jacchus, opioid immunoreactivity is present in nerve fibres but not in glomus cells. Immunoreactivity to other peptides, such as neurotensin, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and galanin, is found only in one or two particular species. Neurotensin immunolabelling occurs in beagle dog glomus cells, which are known to lack substance P. Cholecystokinin immunoreactivity is present in glomus cells of dog and Callithrix, and co-exists with chromogranin A, neuropeptide Y, and substance P. Substance P appears to exist in both carotid body glomus cells and nerve fibres. Substance P immunoreactivity is present in glomus cells of all species investigated, except dog. Coexistence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is demonstrated in nerve fibres of the guinea pig carotid body, which originate in the petrosal and jugular ganglia. Other peptides visualized immunohistochemically in mammalian carotid body nerve fibres are vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y. The functional significance of the various peptides present in the carotid body is discussed.
- Published
- 1989
36. Ultrastructure of calcitonin gene-related peptide-and substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the carotid body and carotid sinus of the guinea pig
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Axel Fischer, and Wolfgang Kummer
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Baroreceptor ,Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ,Guinea Pigs ,Population ,Nerve fiber ,Substance P ,Biology ,Calcitonin gene-related peptide ,Nerve Fibers ,Glomus cell ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Carotid Body ,education.field_of_study ,Carotid sinus ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Axons ,Microscopy, Electron ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Carotid Sinus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Carotid body ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Sensory nerve - Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that substance P- (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivities (CGRP-LI) coexist in sensory nerve fibres in the guinea-pig carotid body and carotid sinus. In the present study the ultrastructure of these nerve fibres was investigated by means of single- and double-labelling immunocytochemistry. In both, carotid body and carotid sinus immunoreactive fibres were unmyelinated axons of small diameter (0.12-0.56 microns). At the subcellular level, SP- and CGRP-LI were colocalized in intra-axonal dense core vesicles, suggesting corelease and simultaneous action of these two compounds. SP/CGRP-LI nerve fibres within the carotid body were mainly found in the interparenchymal connective tissue, but also occurred in relationship to blood vessels and nests of glomus cells. Neither in the carotid body not in the carotid sinus, SP/CGRP-LI axons corresponded to the large terminals which are generally considered to represent the main chemoreceptor and baroreceptor endings, respectively. Thus, SP/CGRP-LI fibres either belong to the chemo- and baroreceptors of the C-fibre class or constitute a fibre population not directly involved in conduction of baro- and chemoreflexes.
- Published
- 1989
37. Formation of perichromatin granules, nematosomes and concentric lamellar bodies in sympathetic postganglionic perikarya in response to immobilization stress
- Author
-
Christine Heym and Klaus Addicks
- Subjects
Neurons ,Embryology ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,Time Factors ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Lamellar granule ,Concentric ,Rats ,Immobilization ,Microscopy, Electron ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Stress, Physiological ,Ultrastructure ,medicine ,Animals ,Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic ,Female ,Developmental Biology ,Cytoplasmic Structure - Abstract
Perichromatin granules, nematosomes (threadlike bodies), or concentric lamellar bodies were rarely observed in profiles of principal ganglionic neurons in the untreated rat superior cervical ganglion. They were more frequently encountered in these neurons following long-term activation of the sympathetic nervous system by intermittent immobilization (6 to 18 12-h periods). The increased number of the described nuclear and cytoplasmic structures following immobilization is documented by morphometric data and discussed in relation to specific chronic neuronal hyperactivity.
- Published
- 1982
38. Immunofluorescent localization of dopamine-β-hydroxylase in small intensely fluorescent cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion
- Author
-
Christine Heym and Rainer König
- Subjects
Superior cervical ganglion ,education.field_of_study ,Cell type ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Neuroscience ,Population ,Cell ,Biology ,Fluorescence ,Norepinephrine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Epinephrine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,medicine ,education ,Glyoxylic acid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Serial sections of the superior cervical ganglion of newborn and adult rats have been treated alternatively with fluorescent labelled antibodies to dopamine-β-hydroxylase ( (DBH), or with glyoxylic acid. Two different cell types could be distinguished: (1) a small intensely fluorescent (SIF)-cell majority demonstrating a bright glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence but no DBH-positive fluorescence; (2) a minor cell population being fluorescent following both treatments. The findings indicate the presence of norepinephrine (and/or epinephrine)-containing SIF-cells in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
- Published
- 1978
39. Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in cat extra-adrenal paraganglia
- Author
-
Hans Henkel, Christine Heym, Klaus Addicks, and Wolfgang Kummer
- Subjects
Carotid Body ,Glomera ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,biology ,Paraganglia, Nonchromaffin ,General Neuroscience ,Extra-Adrenal ,Cell ,Dopaminergic ,Nodose Ganglion ,Aortic Bodies ,biology.organism_classification ,Sincalide ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Cats ,medicine ,Animals ,Carotid body ,Cholecystokinin - Abstract
In the cat peripheral dopaminergic organs such as the carotid body, subclavian bodies, aorticopulmonary glomera and small intensively fluorescent cell (SIF cell) clusters of the superior cervical ganglion and the nodose ganglion were found to contain cholecystokinin (CCK)-immunoreactive paraganglionic cells. Thus, the extra-adrenal paraganglionic system may serve as a model for studying peripheral interactions of CCKergic and dopaminergic mechanisms.
- Published
- 1985
40. Vegetatives Nervensystem
- Author
-
Wolf Georg Forssmann and Christine Heym
- Published
- 1974
41. Liquor cerebrospinalis und Liquorräume
- Author
-
Christine Heym and Wolf-Georg Forssmann
- Abstract
Gehirn und Ruckenmark schwimmen in einem Flussigkeitsmantel, dem Liquor cerebrospinalis, der mechanische Einwirkungen und Austrocknung verhindert und auch ernahrende Funktion hat. Sein Gesamtvolumen betragt ca. 135 ml. Der Liquor cerebrospinalis wird in den Ventrikeln gebildet (Liquor cerebri internus) und zirkuliert durch drei Offnungen am IV. Ventrikel in das Cavum subarachnoidale des Gehirns und Ruckenmarks (Liquor cerebri externus). Der beim Erwachsenen streckenweise verodete Zentralkanal spielt als Liquorraum nur eine geringe Rolle.
- Published
- 1975
42. Einleitung
- Author
-
Wolf Georg Forssmann and Christine Heym
- Published
- 1974
43. Erratum to: Zentrales (cerebrospinales) Nervensystem
- Author
-
Christine Heym and Wolf-Georg Forssmann
- Published
- 1982
44. Histochemistry and Cell Biology of Autonomic Neurons and Paraganglia
- Author
-
Christine Heym
- Subjects
Catecholaminergic ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Nerve plexus ,Biology ,Ganglion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Glomus cell ,Prevertebral ganglia ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Enteric nervous system ,Adrenal medulla - Abstract
Milestones in SIF Cell Research.- Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators.- Regulatory Peptides in the Autonomic and Sensory Nervous Systems.- Biochemical and Immunological Aspects of Gastrointestinal Hormones.- Chemical Coding of Autonomic Neurons.- Peptides and Transmitters in Para- and Prevertebral Ganglia and Their Projections.- Peptide Immunohistochemistry of Guinea Pig Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglia.- Sensory Transmitter Candidates and Their Role in the Periphery.- Cardiodilatin as a Neuropeptide (Cardiac Polypeptide Hormones Are also Neuropeptides).- Immunohistochemistry of Histamine and Histidine Decarboxylase in SIF Cells and Intestinal Nerves.- The Enteric Nervous System, with Particular Reference to the Enkephalin and VIP-PHI Neurons.- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Signaling in the Adrenal Medulla.- Immunohistochemistry of Opioid Peptides in Guinea Pig Paraganglia.- Localization of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Chromaffin Cells and Nerve Terminals in Adrenal Medulla.- Substance P in the Carotid Body.- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-lmmunoreactive Nerve Fibers in Carotid Body and in Carotid Sinus.- Fluorescence Histochemical and Microspectrofluorometric Study of Three Different Catecholamines in Rat Uterus and Paracervical Ganglion.- Chemical Analysis of Catecholamines in Uterine Tissue of Rat: Evidence for the Presence of Noradrenaline as well as Dopamine and Adrenaline.- The Distribution of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Opossum Esophagus in Relation to Function.- Peptidergic and Catecholaminergic Innervation in Rat and Human Brown Adipose Tissue.- Enzymes and Proteins.- Molecular Biology of Catecholamine Synthesis, Storage and Release.- Chromaffin Cells: A Novel Source for Neuronotrophic Factors.- Localization of Lysosomal Enzymes in Chromaffin Cells of the Rat Carotid Body.- Distribution of the Ca++ Binding Protein Chromogranin A in the Pancreatic Islets.- Immunohistochemical Localization of a Nucleoside- Triphosphate-ADP-Phosphotransferase in Endocrine and Nervous Tissues.- Light and Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemical Study of the Localization of Actin and Tubulin in In-Situ Adrenal Chromaffin Cells of Normal and Restraint-Stressed Rats.- Immunocytochemical Demonstration of GABA-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Superior Cervical and Nodose Ganglia of the Rat.- Ultrastructure and Synaptic Organization.- Cytochemistry of Membranes in Sympathetic Ganglia.- Synaptic Organization of the Intermediolateral Nucleus of the Thoracic Spinal Cord: Monoamine Histochemistry and Peptide Immunohistochemistry.- Synaptic Connections of Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor Primary Afferents in the Nucleus of the Tractus Solitarius in the Rat.- Ultrastructural Studies of the Microcircuitry of Catecholaminergic Neurons in the Nuclei of the Solitary Tract.- Electron Microscopic Studies on the Organization of Peptide Nerve Terminals in the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion.- Anatomy and Morphology of Chromaffin Paraganglia Associated with the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion in Cats.- Phylogenesis, Ontogenesis and Ageing.- Paraneurons: Immunocytochemical and Phylogenetic Aspects.- Phylogenetic Aspects on Regulatory Peptides in Particular Islet Hormones in Some Lower Vertebrates.- Endocrine-Autonomic Relationships: Neural Crest and Placodal Contributions to the Enteric Nervous System.- Developmental Aspects of Carotid Body Glomus Cells.- Developmental Signals Controlling Sympathoadrenal Cell Differentiation in the Rat: The Role of Glucocorticoid Hormones and Neuronotrophic Proteins.- 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Developing Sympathetic Tissue.- Coexistence of Noradrenaline and Neuropeptides in Human Fetal Paraganglia.- Histochemical and Cytochemical Localizations of Catecholamine and Peptide-Like Reactivity in Aged Primate Stellate Ganglia.- Coexistence of Enkephalin-, VIP-, Somatostatin- and Substance P-Like Immunoreactivities in the Abdominal Paraganglia of Senescent Male Fisher-344 Rats.- Quantitative Studies on the Autonomic Innervation of the Human Detrusor Muscle: Effects of Age and Outlet Obstruction.- Perturbations and Lesions.- Stress Effects on Central Autonomic Peptide Immunocytochemistry.- Cells in Sympathetic Ganglia After Stress.- Ultrastructural Changes Induced in Rat Carotid Bodies and Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paraganglia by Chronic Hypoxia.- Paraganglionic Cell Response to Chronic Imipramine: A Structural Model.- Expression and Regulation of Catecholaminergic Phenotypic Traits in Autonomic Primary Sensory Neurons.- "Immunotech" and Computer-Assisted Image Analysis Used Together for Studying Peptide Transmitter Perturbations.- Morphometric Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase Stained Capillaries in Rat Sympathetic Ganglia: Changes During Development and Ageing.- Cytofluorimetric Scanning Studies on Axonal Transport in Reserpinized Adrenergic Nerves.- A Morphometric and Biochemical Study on the Effect of Unilateral Adrenalectomy on the Adrenal Medulla in Neonatal and Adult Rats.- Experiments on the Connectivity of Axotomized Rat Sympathetic Neurones.- The Effect of Hydrocortisone on the Number of 5-Hydroxytryptamine- and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-lmmunoreactive Cells in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat.- The Influence of Hypothyroidism on the Rat Adrenergic Nerve Plexus: Quantitative Image Analysis of Plexus Density in Auerbach's Plexus and the Right Atrium.- Myenteric Ganglia: Size and Number of Neurones in Different Animal Species and in the Hypertrophic Intestine.- Transmission, Excitation, and Second Messengers.- Properties of Intramural Neurones Cultured from the Heart and Bladder.- Peptides and Transmission in Mammalian Sympathetic Ganglia and Spinal Cord.- A Presynaptic Action of Vasopressin in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat.- Autonomic Control of Penile Erectile Tissue.- Effect of Noradrenaline on the Electrical Activities of Lateral Horn Cells in Cat Spinal Cord Slices.- Muscarinic Transsynaptic Events and Their Functional Significance in Ganglionic Transmission in Mammals.- Immunocytochemistry of Cyclic GMP in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat: A Combined Quantitative Immunofluorescence and Pharmacological In-Vitro Study.
- Published
- 1987
45. Immunofluorescence of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in small intensely fluorescent cells of human sympathetic ganglia
- Author
-
Christine Heym, Hannsjörg Schröder, and Norbert Gerold
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Histology ,Adolescent ,Epinephrine ,Dopamine ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Human Males ,Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ,Biology ,Immunofluorescence ,Norepinephrine ,Lumbar ,Internal medicine ,Dopamine β hydroxylase ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ganglia, Sympathetic ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Dopamine beta-monooxygenase ,Middle Aged ,Fluorescence ,Autonomic nervous system ,Endocrinology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Anatomy - Abstract
Thoracic and lumbar sympathetic ganglia of human males were investigated using a method for the consecutive demonstration of catecholamines and catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in fluorescence microscopy. In the thoracic ganglion, a minor population of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, identified by glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence, exhibited positive indirect immunofluorescence after incubation with antibody to dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH). SIF cells in the lumbar ganglion exclusively stained DBH-negative. The findings indicate the presence of two SIF cell populations in the thoracic ganglia of the human sympathetic trunk, one containing dopamine and the other containing norepinephrine and/or epinephrine. In lumbar ganglia, only dopamine-storing SIF cells appear to be present.
- Published
- 1981
46. Fluorescence Histochemistry of Biogenic Monoamines
- Author
-
Christine Heym
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Liquid propane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Biogenic amine ,Cellular level ,Biogenic Monoamines ,Fluorescence ,Glyoxylic acid ,Highly sensitive - Abstract
Several aldehydes are capable of converting biogenic amines to intensely fluorescent derivates: fluorophores. This reaction, under defined conditions, can be used as a highly sensitive and specific method for the histochemical demonstration of biogenic monoamines at the cellular level.
- Published
- 1981
47. Peripheres Nervensystem
- Author
-
Wolf Georg Forssmann and Christine Heym
- Published
- 1985
48. Gehirn (Enzephalon)
- Author
-
Wolf Georg Forssmann and Christine Heym
- Published
- 1974
49. Distribution of Opioid Peptides Functionally Related to the Cardiovascular System
- Author
-
W. G. Forssmann, Christine Heym, Wolfgang Kummer, and M. Reinecke
- Subjects
endocrine system ,biology ,Chemistry ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Dynorphin ,Proenkephalin ,nervous system ,Proopiomelanocortin ,biology.protein ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Endorphins ,Opioid peptide ,Neuroscience ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides exert multiple modulatory effects in the regulation of cardiovascular function at both central [11] and peripheral sites [49]. A crucial basis for the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in this regulatory system is the detailed knowledge of the morphological distribution of opioid peptides. The morphological methods appropriate for this purpose require antisera raised against the different opioid peptides and the use of immunohistochemistry. However, difficulties arise from the structural similarities of opioid peptides. To our present knowledge, opioid peptides are cleavage products of three large precursor molecules: a) proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processing results in the production of endorphins, b) prodynorphin is the precursor of neoendorphins and dynorphins, and c) proenkephalin contains one copy of leu-enkephalin (LE) and several opioids sharing the met-enkephalin (ME) sequence at their N-terminus.
- Published
- 1988
50. Regulatory peptides in paraganglia
- Author
-
Christine Heym and Wolfgang Kummer
- Subjects
Histology ,Paraganglia, Chromaffin ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Paraganglia, Nonchromaffin ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Neuropeptides ,Cell Biology ,Computational biology ,Bioinformatics ,Immunohistochemistry ,Text mining ,Adrenal Medulla ,Chromaffin System ,Animals ,Humans ,business - Published
- 1988
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