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Aripiprazole has been linked to cases of problem gambling (PBG), but evidence supporting this association remains preliminary. Additionally, data specific to PBG in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) receiving aripiprazole are limited to a few case reports, even though aripiprazole is widely used among this population that might be especially vulnerable to PBG. To examine this association, a nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of 219 patients followed at a FEP program located in the Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, metropolitan area. Fourteen cases meeting the PBG criteria according to the Problem Gambling Severity Index were identified and matched for gender and index date to 56 control subjects. In the univariable conditional logistic regression analysis, the use of aripiprazole was associated with an increased risk of PBG (odds ratio [OR] 15.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–670.5). Cases were more likely to have a prior gambling history (either recreational or problematic) than controls at admittance in the program; they were also more frequently in a relationship and employed. After adjustment for age, relationship status, employment and Cluster B personality disorders, the use of aripiprazole remained associated with an increased risk of PBG (OR 8.6 [95% CI 1.5–227.2]). Findings from this study suggest that FEP patients with a gambling history, problematic or not, may be at increased risk of developing PBG when receiving aripiprazole. They also highlight the importance of systematically screening for PBG all individuals with psychotic disorders, as this comorbidity hinders recovery. While the results also add credence to a causal association between aripiprazole and PBG, further prospective studies are needed to address some of the limitations of this present study.

Certains réseaux sociaux (RS), comme Instagram et TikTok, sont basés exclusivement sur le partage de photos ou de vidéos. Les utilisateurs de ces RS sont exposés à du contenu visuel pouvant modifier leurs comportements d’achat en ligne, notamment par la publicité et le contenu partagé par les personnalités publiques. L’objectif de l’étude est de vérifier si l’utilisation d’Instagram ou de TikTok permet de prédire les comportements d’achat en ligne. Via un questionnaire en ligne, 406 utilisateurs d’Instagram ou de TikTok, majoritairement de sexe féminin (83,3%), étudiants (75,1%) et tous âgés de 18 ans et plus (M = 26,4 ans), ont répondu à des questions concernant leurs habitudes d’utilisation des RS, leurs comportements d’achat en ligne ainsi que leur niveau de matérialisme, d’image de soi, d’anxiété et de dépression. Les résultats issus de régressions linéaires ne permettent pas de prédire de manière statistiquement significative les comportements d’achat en ligne. L’hypothèse de l’étude voulant que l’utilisation des RS puisse prédire les comportements d’achat en ligne n’est donc pas confirmée. Les modèles de régressions linéaires indiquent que les covariables de matérialisme, de revenu, d’image de soi et d’anxiété prédisent de manière statistiquement significative (p < 0,05) les comportements d’achat en ligne, malgré le peu de variance expliquée dans chaque modèle (R2 < 0,05). Ces résultats peuvent s’expliquer par la présence d’une relation plus complexe entre l’utilisation des RS et les comportements d’achat en ligne. Certaines variables externes aux modèles pourraient mieux expliquer le lien entre RS et comportements d’achat en ligne.

À travers le monde, les paris sportifs représentent la deuxième forme de jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) la plus associée aux problèmes de jeu. Les cognitions des parieurs sportifs pourraient contribuer à cette association. Cependant, aucun outil ne semble adapté aux parieurs de loteries sportives, principalement à cause de la composante d’habileté. Cette étude vise (a) à développer l’Inventaire des cognitions à risque — Loteries sportives (ICR-LS) et en déterminer la structure factorielle, (b) à évaluer la validité de convergence de l’ICR-LS avec Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), les habitudes de jeu, et la gravité des problèmes de jeu; et (c) à évaluer les liens entre le nombre d’heures mensuelles consacrées à la préparation des paris aux loteries sportives et les habitudes de jeu. Les parieurs sportifs recrutés (N = 272) étaient principalement de sexe masculin (86,5 %), dans la vingtaine (M = 26,7 ans) et issus de la communauté universitaire (88,3 %). Les analyses en composantes principales indiquent que l’instrument possède deux dimensions (Superstitions et Habiletés), une forte cohérence interne (les coefficients alpha > ,85) et une bonne validité convergente. Des associations négligeables, mais statistiquement significatives, ressortent entre l’ICR-LS et le montant annuel dépensé aux loteries, les heures consacrées à la préparation des paris et la gravité des problèmes de jeu. En outre, le temps consacré à la préparation des paris sportifs est modérément corrélé avec le montant dépensé, la fréquence de jeu et la gravité des problèmes de jeu, ce qui incite à y voir, peut-être, un facteur de risque lié aux loteries sportives. Le temps consacré à la préparation des paris sportifs et ses effets sur les différentes sphères de vie mériteraient d’être étudiés davantage, notamment auprès de joueurs problématiques.AbstractAround the world, sports betting is the second type of gambling activity most associated with gambling problems. Thus, sports bettors’ cognitions play an essential role in this association. However, no instrument is specifically designed to assess sports bettors’ cognitions. This study aims (a) to develop the Inventaire des cognitions à risque — Loteries sportives (ICR-LS) and to determine its factor structure, (b) to assess the convergent validity of the ICR-LS with the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), gambling habits, and the severity of gambling problems; and (c) to assess the links between the number of monthly hours spent preparing for sports lottery bets and gambling habits. Participants are sport lottery bettors (N = 272) that are mainly men (86.5%) in their twenties (M = 26.7 years old), and from a university community (88.3%). Principal component analysis results indicate that the instrument is composed of two factors (Superstitions and Abilities), and shows strong internal consistency (coefficients alpha > .85) and good convergent validity. The scale shows statistically significant but negligible associations with the annual amount spent on lotteries, hours spent on the preparation of bets, and gambling problem severity. In addition, time dedicated to bet preparation is moderately associated with the amount spent, gambling frequency, and gambling problem severity, suggesting that sports bettors bet preparation time could be a risk factor in sports betting. Studies should explore further the amount of time dedicated to bet preparation and its effects on different spheres of life, especially for problem gamblers.

La Société des établissements de jeu du Québec, filiale de Loto-Québec, a implanté, à titre pilote, le bingo électronique (appelé Bingo +) en octobre 2018. Il s’agit d’une version du bingo traditionnel qui se joue sur une tablette électronique. Les écrits scientifiques soulèvent l’importance de s’intéresser aux nouvelles offres de jeu, en particulier à leurs effets possibles sur les comportements de jeu. Le Bingo + présente des caractéristiques structurelles – dont l’automatisation – reconnues comme pouvant augmenter les habitudes de jeu. La présente étude vérifie l’évolution des comportements et habitudes de jeu des joueurs de bingo à la suite de l’implantation du Bingo +, sur les plans de la dépense en argent, du temps de jeu, des limites de jeu fixées par les joueurs, de la consommation d’alcool et du jeu d’argent pathologique. Les participants, répartis en joueurs de Bingo + (n = 87) et de bingo traditionnel (n = 207), ont été interrogés par des entrevues téléphoniques semi-structurées aux mesures préimplantation et postimplantation après neuf mois. Les résultats ont indiqué que les habitudes de jeu des participants qui utilisaient la tablette électronique changeaient peu, alors que celles des participants au bingo traditionnel tendaient à se réduire. La discussion porte sur l’impact d’une nouvelle modalité de jeu en salle de bingo sur les comportements de jeu des joueurs, en considérant l’ambiance de jeu et l’adaptation face au produit innové. Nous formulons en conclusion des recommandations visant une meilleure compréhension de l’expérience face à un jeu automatisé.Abstract The Société des établissements de jeu du Québec, a subsidiary of Loto-Québec, implemented electronic bingo (called Bingo +) on a pilot basis in October 2018. It is a version of traditional bingo that is played on an electronic tablet. The literature raises the importance of taking an interest in new gaming offers, among others, for the effects on gambling behavior. Bingo + has structural characteristics that have been identified as being able to increase gambling habits, including automation. This study verifies the evolution of the behavior and playing habits of bingo players, following the implementation of Bingo +, in terms of money spent, playing time, limits set by the players, alcohol consumption and pathological gambling. The participants, divided into Bingo + (n = 87) and traditional bingo (n = 207) players, were interviewed by semi-structured telephone interviews in pre-implantation and postimplantation of nine months. The results indicate that the playing habits of participants who use the electronic tablet change little, while those of traditional bingo participants tend to reduce. The discussion focuses on the impact of a new modality of play in bingo halls on players’ playing behaviors considering the playing atmosphere and the adaptation to the innovated product. Recommendations for a better understanding of the experience with an automated game close the article.

Aripiprazole has been linked to cases of problem gambling (PBG), but evidence supporting this association remains preliminary. Additionally, data specific to PBG in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) receiving aripiprazole are limited to a few case reports, even though aripiprazole is widely used among this population that might be especially vulnerable to PBG.To examine this association, a nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of 219 patients followed at a FEP program located in the Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, metropolitan area. Fourteen cases meeting the PBG criteria according to the Problem Gambling Severity Index were identified and matched for gender and index date to 56 control subjects.In the univariable conditional logistic regression analysis, the use of aripiprazole was associated with an increased risk of PBG (odds ratio [OR] 15.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-670.5). Cases were more likely to have a prior gambling history (either recreational or problematic) than controls at admittance in the program; they were also more frequently in a relationship and employed. After adjustment for age, relationship status, employment and Cluster B personality disorders, the use of aripiprazole remained associated with an increased risk of PBG (OR 8.6 [95% CI 1.5-227.2]).Findings from this study suggest that FEP patients with a gambling history, problematic or not, may be at increased risk of developing PBG when receiving aripiprazole. They also highlight the importance of systematically screening for PBG all individuals with psychotic disorders, as this comorbidity hinders recovery. While the results also add credence to a causal association between aripiprazole and PBG, further prospective studies are needed to address some of the limitations of this present study.

Les textes présentés sont issus des communications réalisées à l’occasion du colloque Tourismes Patrimoines Identités Territoires, organisé à Perpignan. Le Centra Espagnol des Pyrénées Orientales, lieu symbolique chargé de la mémoire de nombreux exils et migrations politiques ou économiques, espace « entre deux », à la culture propre, culture métisse (Glissant), ni française ni espagnole, véritable espace transitionnel au sens de Winicott nous a accueilli à Perpignan durant ces deux journées....

« J’aimerais qu’il existe des lieux stables, immobiles, intangibles, intouchés et presque intouchables, immuables, enracinés [...] De tels lieux n’existent pas, et c’est parce qu’ils n’existent pas que l’espace devient question, cesse d’être évidence, cesse d’être incorporé, cesse d’être approprié. L’espace est un doute ; il n’est jamais à moi, il ne m’est pas donné, il faut que j’en fasse la conquête ». Perec, G., Espèces d’espaces. Paris, Galilée, 1974, p. 122. Le territoire, comme espace s...

Online poker has the convenience of being accessible 24/7 allowing a large proportion of players to gamble at night. Although some studies postulate a bi-directional relationship between excessive online poker playing and sleep disturbances, sleep has yet to be studied as a primary outcome variable in online poker studies. Sleep deprivation has been linked to alterations in emotional regulation, decision-making, and risk-taking behaviors. All of which are known to induce episodes of tilt. Conversely, online poker playing during regular sleep hours may interfere with sleep quality. The objectives of the present study are (a) to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on tilt symptoms and gambling behaviors and (b) to assess whether playing an online poker session shortly before bedtime (120 min) influences the player's sleep quality. Sleeping habits, tilt symptoms, and online poker behaviors of 23 regular online poker players (22 men, 1 woman) were monitored daily for 28 days using questionnaires and hand histories. Tilt and gambling behaviors during online poker sessions (n = 588) played while the player was sleep-deprived were compared to sessions played while not sleep-deprived. Different sleep variables were also compared for sessions (n = 897) played 2 h before bedtime to no sessions played before sleep. Sleep-deprived poker sessions revealed higher emotional and behavioral tilt, a higher number of hands played and unfavorable financial results than at-rest sessions. Also, emotional and behavioral tilt was higher when alcohol was consumed. Sessions played 2 h before bedtime revealed a shorter sleep onset latency than when no sessions were played before bedtime. Post-hoc mixed regression analyses revealed that emotional and behavioral tilt is associated with shorter total sleep time and shorter sleep onset latency, while cognitive tilt is associated with a decrease in sleep efficiency. This study is the first to specifically explore sleep variables with online poker players within an ecological study design. The findings shed light on the daily impacts of nighttime online gambling practices. Future studies are needed to further explore the interaction between subjective and objective sleep variables and online gambling habits as well as investigate players' motives for playing while sleep deprived.

[EN] In this work, we demonstrate an efficient fiber array-to-chip assembly process with a high number of input/output ports. The proposed approach is based on using a pre-alignment coupling structure to separately align the input and output ports. The assembling process has been experimentally validated in photonic integrated circuits fabricated with an ultra-low-loss waveguide technology based on silicon nitride, which features propagation losses as low as 9.5 dB/m. The developed technology is expected to extend the use of integrated photonics for space applications, This work was supported by EU-funded H2020 project RETINA under grant agreement n° 821943

Background Aripiprazole (ARI), an antipsychotic drug used to treat various mental health disorders, has recently been associated with the emergence of problem gambling (PBG). However, few cases have been reported in the schizophrenia-related psychotic disorders population, and even fewer provided sufficient details to systematically assess the causality of the association. Methods This article describes 6 cases with first-episode psychosis in whom PBG emerged while on ARI. Detailed information was gathered from clinical staff and patients' families to systematically assess the causal link between ARI and the emergence of PBG using the Naranjo and Liverpool Adverse Drug Reaction scales. Findings Five of these cases were previously diagnosed with a substance use disorder and/or cluster B personality traits. Five had received a more potent dopaminergic antagonist treatment before being switched to ARI. Two of them had presented PBG before being diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. The level of certainty about the causal role of ARI varied from possible to certain, and in 4 cases, the 2 scales yielded different ratings. Implications Although these cases suggest that ARI may be associated with the emergence of PBG in the early course of schizophrenia-related psychotic disorders, they cannot prove the causality or the strength of this association. They provide the impetus to perform adequately powered and well-controlled prospective studies to draw more definite conclusion about the causality of this association and, in the meantime, further emphasize the need to carefully assess PBG in this population.

Despite numerous studies demonstrating the influence of cognitive distortions on gambling problem severity, empirical data regarding the role of psychological vulnerability on the latter is limited. Hence, this study assesses the mediating effect of cognitive distortions between psychological vulnerability (personality and mood), and gambling problem severity. It also verifies whether the relationships between these variables differs according to the preferred gambling activity. The sample is composed of 272 male gamblers [191 poker players; 81 video lottery terminal (VLT) players] aged between 18 and 82 years (M = 35.2). Bootstrap analysis results revealed that cognitive distortions mediate the effect of narcissism on gambling problem severity for both groups. The level of depression for VLT players significantly predicted gambling problem severity, both directly and indirectly via the mediating effect of cognitive distortions. Mediation analyses also indicated that narcissism had an indirect impact on problem gambling through cognitive distortions for both groups. These findings suggest that certain vulnerabilities related to personality and mood may influence cognitive distortion intensity and gambling problem severity. In addition, psychological vulnerabilities could differ based on preferred gambling activity. These results may be useful for prevention policies, identifying high risk gamblers and planning psychological interventions.

The recognition that solid tumors are complex entities composed of the tumor cell mass itself and a stromal micro-environnement providing a variety of cells from the host (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells) led to recognize that this heterogeneity could not be recapitulated in vitro by conventional bidimensional (2-D) cultures. This justified numerous attempts to develop tridimensional (3-D) cultures that provided better tools for approaching tumor complexity and more convincing drug testing systems. Among various 3-D technologies, tumor spheroids are more likely suited to provide in vitro platforms for apprehending specific aspects of different processes specifically defining each tumor category as well as testing drug delivery systems. This review summarizes current features of multicellular tumor spheroids and their suitability for studying different aspects of cancer cell biology, patient-specific therapies and drug treatment.

Gamblers' thoughts have a fundamental influence on their gambling problem. Cognitive restructuring is the intervention of choice to correct those thoughts. However, certain difficulties are noted in the application of cognitive restructuring techniques and the comprehension of their guidelines. Furthermore, the increase of skill game players (e.g. poker) entering treatment creates a challenge for therapists, as these gamblers present with different thoughts than those of the gamblers usually encountered in treatment (e.g. chance-only games like electronic gambling machines). This systematic review aims to describe how cognitive restructuring is carried out with gamblers based on the evidence available in empirical studies that include cognitive interventions for gambling. Of the 2607 studies collected, 39 were retained. The results highlight exposure as the most frequently used technique to facilitate identification of gambling-related thoughts (imaginal=28.2%; in vivo=10.3%). More than half of the studies (69.2%) clearly reported therapeutic techniques aimed to correct gamblers' thoughts, of which 37% involved visual support to challenge those thoughts (e.g. ABC log). Of the 39 studies retained, 48.7% included skill game players (i.e., poker, blackjack, sports betting) in their sample. However, none of these studies mentioned whether cognitive restructuring had been adapted for these gamblers. Several terms referring to gamblers' thoughts were used interchangeably (e.g. erroneous, dysfunctional or inadequate thoughts), although each of these terms could refer to specific content. Clinical implications of the results are discussed with regard to the needs of therapists. This review also suggests recommendations for future research.

The Gambling-Related Cognition Scale (GRCS; Raylu & Oei, 2004) was developed to evaluate gambling-related cognitive distortions for all types of gamblers, regardless of their gambling activities (poker, slot machine, etc.). It is therefore imperative to ascertain the validity of its interpretation across different types of gamblers; however, some skills-related items endorsed by players could be interpreted as a cognitive distortion despite the fact that they play skills-related games. Using an intergroup (168 poker players and 73 video lottery terminal [VLT] players) differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, this study examined the possible manifestation of item biases associated with the GRCS. DIF was analyzed with ordinal logistic regressions (OLRs) and Ramsay's (1991) nonparametric kernel smoothing approach with TestGraf. Results show that half of the items display at least moderate DIF between groups and, depending on the type of analysis used, 3 to 7 items displayed large DIF. The 5 items with the most DIF were more significantly endorsed by poker players (uniform DIF) and were all related to skills, knowledge, learning, or probabilities. Poker players' interpretations of some skills-related items may lead to an overestimation of their cognitive distortions due to their total score increased by measurement artifact. Findings indicate that the current structure of the GRCS contains potential biases to be considered when poker players are surveyed. The present study conveys new and important information on bias issues to ponder carefully before using and interpreting the GRCS and other similar wide-range instruments with poker players. (PsycINFO Database Record