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The insights of Modigliani and Miller (Am Econ Rev 53:433–443, 1963) and Miles and Ezzell (15:719–730, https://doi.org/10.2307/2330405, 1980) on the cost of capital of firms rank among the most important results in financial theory. The underlying assumptions regarding the financial policy, however, can hardly be reconciled with empirical findings. We investigate the implications of an alternative approach that is characterized by a fixed payout ratio. By introducing additional assumptions about investment opportunities, we find relationships between the cost of equity of levered and unlevered firms. The results contribute to explaining empirical findings and open the possibility to base valuation techniques on realistic and yet practicable assumptions.

Aim “Sublay mesh placement is the gold standard in the treatment of incisional hernias. In open surgery, high rates of wound complications are reported. Various minimal invasive procedures with extraperitoneal mesh placement (MIPEX) are currently under evaluation in order to improve the clinical results. We report our experience with an increased use of MIPEX techniques” Material and Methods “The perioperative results of all consecutive patients from 1/2018 to 4/2021with incisional hernia surgery were reviewed. For the purpose of this study, the results of patients with MIPEX were compared to STANDARD treatment (open surgery and/or intraperitoneal mesh). All patient data were registered prospectively in the Herniamed database. ” Results “103 out of 170 patients were treated with MIPEX and 67 with STANDARD. MIPEX were MILOS/E-MILOS (n = 48), TAPP (n = 15), laparoscopic sublay (n = 5), ETEP (n = 17) and other (n = 18) with additional TAR in (n = 16). Five procedures were performed robotically. Mean duration of surgery (DOS) was 150 minutes in MIPEX and 116 minutes in STANDARD (n.s.). Morbidity was 7% in MIPEX and 19% in Standard (p Conclusions “MIPEX included a broad spectrum of procedures. With the implementation of MIPEX, DOS increased significantly in large hernias. Morbidity and LHS were significantly reduced in all patients.”

Aim Parastomal hernias are complex findings with a high recurrence rate. Various methods were described for surgical repair. A new method for the treatment of parastomal hernias with extraperitoneal mesh placement was published in 2016 (Pauli et al.). Recently, open retromuscular repair has been shown to be safe, effective and durable (Beffa et al. 2017). Still, there are concerns regarding mesh related complications (Tastaldi et al. 2017). Material and Methods All patients who underwent an open or laparoscopic modified retromuscular Sugarbaker parastomal hernia repair at our institution were identified. We describe the patient characteristics, operative details, perioperative results and the follow-up. Results Between January 2018 to May 2021 14 patients received surgical repair for parastomal hernia at our institution. Eight of these patients received retromuscular extraperitoneal mesh placement (4 open, 4 laparoscopic) in the aforementioned technique. The median age was 72 years (65 – 85) and the median BMI was 31 kg/m² (26 – 34). Six patients had a urostomy and two had a colostomy. One patient had a recurrent parastomal hernia after previous intraabdominal mesh repair. The median operating time was 223 minutes (144 – 425). Median Mesh size was 300 cm² (225 – 750). Two minor complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade II) demanding pharmacological treatment. The median hospital stay was 8 days (4 – 17). Median follow up was 17 month (range 1 – 26). Recurrence rate was 25 %. Conclusions The modified retromuscular sugerbaker technique seems to be safe and feasible as shown by our data. Due to the extraperitoneal mesh position, we see fundamental methodological advantages. Further studies are necessary for long-term results.

Aim Repair of inguinal hernia is one of the most common operations in general surgery in industrialized countries. Isolated spermatic cord liposarcoma is a very rare soft tissue tumor. Despite standardized diagnostic algorithms for inguinal hernia, it could be difficult to predict such a rare finding. Material and Methods We report a case of inadvertent inguinal liposarcoma excision during hernia surgery in a 72-year-old male patient. Except for polyposis coli there were no further illnesses. Results After a minimal invasive transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair of a symptomatic inguinal hernia last year a persistent scrotal swelling developed. Computed tomography (CT) showed a protrusion of fatty tissue into the scrotal sac. Diagnosis of scrotal hernia was made. We performed an open Lichtenstein procedure. The final pathologic examination revealed a highly differentiated liposarcoma. Staging was completed and the case was presented to a multidisciplinary sarcoma tumor board at our institution. As recommended, a inguinal reoperation was performed with wide excision. Conclusions Although a very rare condition, spermatic cord liposarcoma should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis for inguinal hernia surgery.

A systematic investigation of the coordination behavior of Pn complexes towards the main group Lewis acids Tl+ and In+ is presented. While the reaction of the tetrahedral P2 complex [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:η2-P2)] (A1) with Tl[TEF] ([TEF] = [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]-) leads to the formation of the dicationic complex [Tl2(A1)6]2+ (1) with a central six-membered Tl2P4 ring, the analogous reaction with In[TEF] leads instead to a tetranuclear [In4(A1)8]4+ complex (3) exhibiting a weak InI-InI interaction in the solid state. When the Cp*-analogous P2 complex [{Cp*Mo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:η2-P2)] (A2) is reacted with Tl[TEF] the dinuclear complex [Tl2(A2)4]2+ (2) is formed, containing only four P2 ligands but also featuring a six-membered Tl2P4 ring motif. From the reactions of the cyclo-P3 complexes [CpM'(CO)2(η3-P3)] (M' = Cr (B1), Mo (B2)) with In[TEF] and Tl[TEF], a series of four isostructural one-dimensional coordination polymers (4a-d) are obtained which exhibit a novel bridging coordination mode of the cyclo-P3 ligands in the solid state. Additionally, the mixed PmSn ligand complex [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η3:η3-P3)(μ,η2:η2-PS)] (C) was reacted with Tl[TEF] to afford a novel one-dimensional coordination polymer (5), which shows an unprecedented bridging s-1,3-coordination mode of ligand C towards Tl+. The compounds were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry, as well as by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy. All products are readily soluble in CH2Cl2, despite in many cases being polymeric in the solid state. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy suggests a highly dynamic coordination behavior in solution, including fast equilibria between different monomeric species, which is also supported by DFT calculations. The one-dimensional polymers 4c and 4d reveal a triplet in the 31P{1H} MAS NMR spectrum at room temperature, which could be explained by fast rotation of the P3 rings in the solid state.

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Manfred Scheer at the University of Regensburg. The cover image shows organometallic and inorganic building blocks being combined to form unprecedented new species.

Treatment of the pentaphosphaferrocene [Cp*Fe(η(5)-P(5))] with Cu(I) halides in the presence of different templates leads to novel fullerene-like spherical molecules that serve as hosts for the templates. If ferrocene is used as the template the 80-vertex ball [Cp(2)Fe]@[{Cp*Fe(η(5)-P(5))}(12){CuCl}(20)] (4), with an overall icosahedral C(80) topological symmetry, is obtained. This result shows the ability of ferrocene to compete successfully with the internal template of the reaction system [Cp*Fe(η(5)-P(5))], although the 90-vertex ball [{Cp*Fe(η(5):η(1):η(1):η(1):η(1):η(1)-P(5))}(12)(CuCl)(10)(Cu(2)Cl(3))(5){Cu(CH(3)CN)(2)}(5)] (2 a) containing pentaphosphaferrocene as a guest is also formed as a byproduct. With use of the triple-decker sandwich complex [(CpCr)(2)(μ,η(5)-As(5))] as a template the reaction between [Cp*Fe(η(5)-P(5))] and CuBr leads to the 90-vertex ball [(CpCr)(2)(μ,η(5)-As(5))]@[{Cp*Fe(η(5)-P(5))}(12){CuBr}(10){Cu(2)Br(3)}(5){Cu(CH(3) CN)(2)}(5)] (6), in which the complete molecule acts as a template. However, if the corresponding reaction is instead carried out with CuCl, cleavage of the triple-decker complex is found and the 80-vertex ball [CpCr(η(5)-As(5))]@[{Cp*Fe(η(5)-P(5))}(12){CuCl}(20)] (5) is obtained. This accommodates as its guest [CpCr(η(5)-As(5))], which has only 16 valence electrons in a triplet ground state and is not known as a free molecule. The triple-decker sandwich complex [(CpCr)(2)(μ,η(5)-As(5))] requires 53.1 kcal mol(-1) to undergo cleavage (as calculated by DFT methods) and therefore this reaction is clearly endothermic. All new products have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A favoured orientation of the guest molecules inside the host cages has been identified, which shows π⋅⋅⋅π stacking of the five-membered rings (Cp and cyclo-As(5)) of the guests and the cyclo-P(5) rings of the nanoballs of the hosts.

The formation of coordination polymers (CuCl)P 4 Se 3 ( 1 ), (CuBr) 3 (P 4 Se 3 ) 2 ( 2 ), (CuI) 3 (P 4 Se 3 ) 2 ( 3 ) and (CuI)P 4 Se 3 ( 4 ), from solutions of copper(I) halides and P 4 Se 3 by diffusion methods has been studied. The new compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography, solid-state 31 P MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopy. Theoretical studies on the DFT level in the crystalline phase allowed the unequivocal assignment of the recorded Raman shifts between 200 and 480 cm −1 . The structure of 1 consists of a 2D network of castellated [CuCl] n chains and bidentate P 4 Se 3 molecules. The 3D network of 2 comprises [CuBr] n chains, which are linked by tridentate P 4 Se 3 molecules. Compound 3 is a three-dimensional polymer composed of four-membered (CuI) 2 rings and castellated [CuI] n chains, which are linked by tridentate P 4 Se 3 molecules involving two basal and the apical P atoms. Thermal conversion of 1 at 230 °C gives (CuCl) 3 (P 4 Se 3 ) 2 ( 5 ), which is isostructural with 2 . The thermal conversion of (CuI) 3 P 4 S 3 , which was studied for comparison gave at 371 °C (CuI) 3 P 4 S 4 , Cu 3 PS 4 and small amounts of Cu 6 PS 5 I.

In der Literatur zur kapitalmarktorientierten Unternehmensbewertung werden fur den Fall einer asymmetrischen Besteuerung von Soll- und Habenzinsen auf privater Ebene zunehmend sogenannte praferenzabhangige Unternehmenswerte bestimmt. Fur die Bewertungstheorie und die Bewertungspraxis resultiert hieraus eine Reihe von Problemen, weil unklar bleibt, welcher der ermittelten Unternehmenswerte der masgebliche ist. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie unter den in der Literatur zur praferenzabhangigen Bewertung angenommenen Bedingungen Marktwerte fur Unternehmen bestimmt werden konnen. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Variante des CAPM entwickelt, die die asymmetrische Besteuerung von Soll- und Habenzinsen berucksichtigt. Auf der Grundlage dieses Modells werden Bewertungsfunktionen fur verschuldete und unverschuldete Unternehmen abgeleitet. Es zeigt sich, dass die sogenannten praferenzabhangigen Unternehmenswerte nicht als Marktwerte interpretiert werden konnen.

Reaction of solutions of [ Cp ∗ Cp ∗ = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) in CH 2 Cl 2 with solutions of CuHal (Hal = Cl, Br, I) in CH 3 CN gave after slow diffusion the novel coordination polymers [ Cp 2 ∗ Mo 2 P 2 S 3 (CuCl) 4 ] ( 2 ), [ Cp 2 ∗ Mo 2 P 2 S 3 (CuBr) 3 ] ( 3 ) and [ Cp 2 ∗ Mo 2 P 2 S 3 (CuI) 3 ] ( 4 ). The products were characterized by elemental analysis, 31 P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid-state structures of 2 and 3 are composed of two-dimensional polymeric networks, whereas that of 4 contains parallel stacks of one-dimensional ribbons. In all cases the planar cyclo -P 2 S 3 middle deck of the organometallic building block 1 provides one or two P atoms of the PS dumbbells along with the singly bridging sulfur atom as coordination sites for the various copper halide subunits. The assignment of P atoms follows from the correlation of 31 P MAS NMR spectra with X-ray crystallographic data. In all compounds the distribution of main group atoms in the cyclo -P 2 S 3 middle deck is different from that previously found in the starting material 1 .

The reaction of the 1,2,4-triphosphaferrocene [Cp*Fe(η5-P3C2tBu2)] (1) with CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio leads to the formation of the oligomeric compounds [{Cu(μ-X)}6(μ6-X)Cu(MeCN)3{μ,η2-(Cp*Fe(η5-P3C2tBu2))}2{μ3,η3-(Cp*Fe(η5-P3C2tBu2))}] (X = Cl (2), Br (3)) and [{Cu(μ-I)}3{Cu(μ3-I)}3Cu(μ6-I){μ,η2-(Cp*Fe(η5-P3C2tBu2))}3{η1-(Cp*Fe(η5-P3C2tBu2))}] (4) revealing Cu(I) halide cages surrounded by 1,2,4-triphosphaferrocene moieties. The reaction of [Cp*Fe(η5-P3C2tBu2)] with CuI in a 1:4 stoichiometry leads to the formation of the two-dimensional polymer [{Cu(μ-I)}4{Cu(μ3-I)(MeCN)}2{μ3,η3-(Cp*Fe(P3C2tBu2))}]n (5). The oligomeric compounds show dynamic behavior in solution monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy. All compounds are additionally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

The formation of coordination polymers from copper(I) bromide and P4S3, a potentially tetradentate P-donor bridging ligand, was studied. Whereas (P4S3)3(CuBr)7 (1) formed in excellent yield, (P4S3)(CuBr)3 (2) and (P4S3)(CuBr) (3) crystallized as mixtures. The new compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography and solid-state 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The structure of 1 consists of a 3D network of cylindrical (CuBr)n columns, castellated (CuBr)n chains and diatomic CuBr units. These building blocks are linked by tetradentate P4S3 molecules. The structure of 2 comprises undulated (CuBr)n layers, which are intra- and interlayer linked by tridentate P4S3 molecules. Compound 3 is a one-dimensional polymer composed of four-membered Cu2Br2 rings, which are bridged by the P3 bases of two P4S3 molecules.

The formation of a new type of organometallic-inorganic hybrid coordination polymer from P 4 S 3 ·W(CO) 5 (1) and CuI has been studied. The structure of {P 4 S 3 ·W(CO) 5 }(CuI) (3) has been verified by the combination of spectroscopic (IR, Raman, 31 P MAS NMR) and X-ray diffraction methods. Theoretical studies of β-P 4 S 3 , P 4 S 3 ·W(CO) 5 (1), 1D-(P 4 S 3 )(CuI) (2), and 3D-(P 4 S 3 )(CuI) 3 (4), which may be considered as potential building blocks of 3, were carried out on the DFT level in the crystalline phase. The comparison of calculated and measured vibration modes of the P 4 S 3 cage allows the unequivocal assignment of the recorded Raman shifts between 200 and 480 cm -1 and the determination of the degree of integration of P 4 S 3 within the one-dimensional stacks of 2 or copper iodide networks of 3 and 4.

The molecular structure of [Cp*2Mo2P2S3] (1; Cp* = η5-C5Me5) has been reinvestigated. In DFT studies a series of various positional isomers A−E have been calculated for the model complex [(C5H5)2Mo2P2S3]. The energetically favored isomer [Cp*2Mo2(μ,η2:2-PS)2(μ-S)] (1B) reacts with W(CO)5THF to give [Cp*2Mo2P2S3·W(CO)5] (2). X-ray diffraction analysis of 2 confirms the presence of two η2:2-PS dumbbells and one singly bridging sulfur ligand, the W(CO)5 fragment being coordinated at one of the P atoms. Arrangement B is also found in the structure of the diadduct [Cp°2Mo2P2S3{W(CO)5}2] (3; Cp° = t-BuMe2C5H2), which is more stable than its Cp* analogue. 31P solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopic studies of 1 and 2 confirm the existence of only one isomer, but reveal disorder phenomena in the solid state within the cyclo-P2S3 middle deck. Addition of excess W(CO)5THF to 1 proceeds via elusive [Cp*2Mo2P2S3{W(CO)5}2] to give the cluster [{Cp*2Mo2W(CO)3(μ2,η2:2-PS)(μ3,η1:1:2-PS)(μ3-S)}{W(CO)5}2] (5). The molecular stru...

Diatoms have continued to attract research interest over a long time. One important reason for this research interest is the amazingly beautiful microstructured and nanostructured patterning of the silica-based diatom cell walls. These materials become increasingly important from the materials science point of view. However, many aspects of diatom cell wall formation and patterning are still not fully understood. The present minireview article summarizes our recent knowledge especially with respect to two major topics related to diatom cell wall formation and patterning: (1) uptake and metabolism of silicon by living diatom cells and (2) understanding of the genetic control of cell wall formation. Analytical techniques as well as recent results concerning these two topics are highlighted in this review.

The complete encapsulation of ortho-carborane by a fullerene-like building-block system consisting of pentaphosphaferrocene and Cu(I)Cl leads to the formation of the spherical supermolecule C(2)B(10)H(12) section sign[{Cp*Fe(eta(5)-P(5))}(12)(CuCl)(20)]. This product of template-controlled aggregation represents the first example of a carbon-free C(80) analogue possessing icosahedral symmetry.

Mit der Einfuhrung einer Abgeltungsteuer 2009 werden neben Zins- und Dividendeneinkommen auch realisierte Kursgewinne in Deutschland auf personlicher Ebene besteuert. In Bezug auf die Unternehmensbewertung ist zu klaren, wie die geanderten Steuerregelungen im Bewertungskalkul zu berucksichtigen sind. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird gezeigt, wie das Adjusted Present Value-Verfahren bei autonomer Finanzierungspolitik und das Free Cash Flow-Verfahren bei wertabhangiger Finanzierungspolitik zirkularitatsfrei zur Anwendung kommen konnen, wenn Kursgewinne periodisch besteuert werden. Die fur die Bewertung erforderlichen Eigenkapitalkostensatze lassen sich mit Hilfe eines Nachsteuer-CAPM ermittelt. Es wird diskutiert, wie die aus der Unternehmensteuerreform resultierenden Besonderheiten bei der Bewertung berucksichtigt werden konnen.

Uptake and metabolism of silicon by diatoms are studied by the combined use of solid-state 29 Si NMR spectroscopy and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy especially with respect to the presence and nature of an intracellular silicon-storage pool. Cells of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were synchronized by silicon starvation and frozen without any freeze-drying or chemical treatment in order to analyze integer and unmodified diatoms. The frozen samples were investigated by solid-state 29 Si NMR spectroscopy to identify potential silica precursors. The developmental state of the cell culture and the formation of new siliceous girdle bands and valves were monitored by laser fluorescence microscopic studies. A comparison of fluorescence microscopic and NMR data allows the assignment of NMR spectra to the various developmental stages of the dividing diatom cells. A detailed analysis of solid-state 29 Si NMR spectra suggests that the silicon-storage pool—if present—consists of four-coordinated, condensed silicon; possibly a silica sol.

Das IDW empfiehlt die Ermittlung von Kapitalkostensatzen mit Hilfe eines Nachsteuer-CAPM, das Einkommensteuern berucksichtigt. Dieses Nachsteuer-CAPM ist ein Einperiodenmodell. Existierende Erweiterungen des Modells auf mehrperiodige Problemstellungen gehen entweder von einer identischen Besteuerung von Kurs- und Dividendengewinnen aus oder betrachten eine Vollausschuttung der Cashflows. Die entsprechenden Wertpapiermarktlinien weichen von den Vorgaben des IDW ab. Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass sich das Nachsteuer-CAPM mit der Annahme einer wertabhangigen Dividendenausschuttung auch bei differenzierten Steuersatzen wiederholt anwenden lasst. Diese Form der Ausschuttungspolitik fuhrt in der einperiodigen Betrachtung auf das vom IDW empfohlene Modell.

Biomineralization, which means the formation of inorganic materials by biological processes, currently finds increasing research interest. It involves the synthesis of calcium-based minerals such as bones and teeth in vertebrates, and of shells. Silica biomineralization occurs, for example, in diatoms and silica sponges. Usually, biominerals are made up of amorphous compounds or small microcrystalline domains embedded into an amorphous matrix. Nevertheless, they exhibit very regular shapes and, as in the case of diatoms, intricate nanopatterns of amazing beauty. It is, therefore, commonly assumed that biominerals are formed under the structure-directing influence of templates. However, single molecules are by far too small to direct the formation of the observed shapes and patterns. Instead, supramolecular aggregates are shown to be involved in the formation of templating superstructures relevant in biomineralization. Specific biomolecules were identified in both diatoms and silica sponges, which elegantly combine two indispensable functions: on the one hand, the molecules are capable of inducing silica precipitation from precursor compounds. On the other hand, these molecules are capable of self-assembling into larger, structure-directing template aggregates. Such molecules are the silaffins in the case of diatoms and the silicateins in sponges. Long-chain polyamines of similar composition have meanwhile been discovered in both organisms. The present review is especially devoted to the discussion of the self-assembly behavior of these molecules. Physico-chemical studies on a model compound, poly(allylamine), are discussed in detail in order to elucidate the nature of the interactions responsible for self-assembly of long-chain polyamines and the parameters controlling this process. Numerous biomimetic silica synthesis experiments are discussed and evaluated with respect to the observations made on the aforementioned "natural" biomolecules.

In a radiotherapy department having more than one linear accelerator, it is rather common to match the dose output of all machines. In particular, the recently developed flattening filter free mode requires new investigations regarding the feasibility of matching and the consequences for quality assurance and workload. This refers also to the beam model of the radiotherapy treatment planning system. Our results show that matching is possible not only for flat beams but also for flattening filter free mode. Therefore, the machines can substitute each other in the case of breakdown or service without new treatment planning even in the case of complex intensity-modulated radiotherapy or volumetric-modulated arc therapy. The quality assurance is reduced to only one data set for both the linear accelerators and the radiotherapy treatment planning system.

Reactions of the sandwich complexes [Cp*Fe(η(5)-E5)] (Cp*=η(5)-C5Me5; E=P (1), As (2)) with the monovalent Group 13 metals Tl(+), In(+), and Ga(+) containing the weakly coordinating anion [TEF] ([TEF]=[Al{OC(CF3)3}4](-)) are described. Here, the one-dimensional coordination polymers [M(μ,η(5):η(1 -E5 FeCp*)3]n [TEF]n (E=P, M=Tl (3 a), In (3 b), Ga (3 c); E=As, M=Tl (4 a), In (4 b)) are obtained as sole products in good yields. All products were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a similar assembly of the products with η(5)-bound E5 ligands and very weak σ-interactions between one P or As atom of the ring to the neighbored Group 13 metal cation. By exchanging the [TEF] anion of 4 a for the larger [FAl] anion ([FAl]=[FAl{OC6F10(C6F5)}3](-)), the coordination compound [Tl{(η(5)-As5)FeCp*}3][FAl] (5) without any σ-interactions of the As5-ring is obtained. All products are readily soluble in CH2 Cl2 and exhibit a dynamic coordination behavior in solution, which is supported by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry as well as by osmometric molecular-weight determination. For a better understanding of the proceeding equilibrium DFT calculations of the cationic complexes were performed for the gas phase and in solution. Furthermore, the (31)P{(1)H} magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of 3 a-c are presented and the first crystal structure of the starting material 2 was determined.

The synthesis and characterization of [Cp°2Mo2P4S] (1) and [Cp°2Mo2P2S3] (2) (Cp° = 1-tBu-3,4-Me2C5H2) has been described. The reaction of 1 in CH2Cl2 with 2 equiv. of CuI in MeCN under diffusion conditions gave [(Cp°2Mo2P4S)3(CuI)4]n (6a). The crystal structure of 6a consists of helical substructures of opposed chirality which are formed by the coordination of two Cu2I2 rings to three phosphorus atoms of the cyclo-P4S middle deck of 1. The resulting helix is connected with four helices of the same chirality by front-backside P coordination of another 1 unit. Compound 6a can reversibly include or release CH2Cl2 molecules without loosing its crystalline character. Thus, storing crystals of 6a under CH2Cl2 results in the formation of 6a·0.55CH2Cl2 (6b), the unit cell volume increasing by 113.6 A3 per formula unit, while in high vacuum the unit cell volume of 6b decreases to the value of 6a. The reaction of 1 with CuI in the presence of P4S3 gave a mixture of two isomeric polymers 7 and 8 of composition [(Cp°2Mo2P4S)(P4S3)(CuI)2]n. The crystal structures of both compounds 7 and 8 contain linear strands of [1(CuI)2]n and [(P4S3)(CuI)2]n with planar Cu2I2 rings as common interface. A two-dimensional framework is formed by interpenetration of both types of strands. The analogous reaction of the mixture of [Cp*2Mo2P4S] (Cp* = C5Me5) and P4S3 with CuI gave [(Cp*2Mo2P4S)(P4S3)(CuI)2]n (9). Contrary to the structures of 7 and 8 in this compound coordination of adjacent P atoms of the η3-P3 ligand and the η2-PS dumbbell leads to the formation of one-dimensional ribbons.

The synthesis and characterization of the first supramolecular aggregates incorporating the organometallic cyclo-P3 ligand complexes [CpRMo(CO)2(eta3-P3)] (CpR=Cp (C5H5; 1a), Cp* (C5(CH3)5; 1b)) as linking units is described. The reaction of the Cp derivative 1a with AgX (X=CF3SO3, Al{OC(CF3)3}4) yields the one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers [Ag{CpMo(CO)2(mu,eta3:eta1:eta1-P3)}2]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]n (2) and [Ag{CpMo(CO)2(mu,eta3:eta1:eta1-P3)}3]n[X]n (X=CF3SO3 (3a), Al{OC(CF3)3}4 (3b)). The solid-state structures of these polymers were revealed by X-ray crystallography and shown to comprise polycationic chains well-separated from the weakly coordinating anions. If AgCF3SO3 is used, polymer 3a is obtained regardless of reactant stoichiometry whereas in the case of Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4], reactant stoichiometry plays a decisive role in determining the structure and composition of the resulting product. Moreover, polymers 3a, b are the first examples of homoleptic silver complexes in which Ag(I) centers are found octahedrally coordinated to six phosphorus atoms. The Cp* derivative 1b reacts with Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] to yield the 1D polymer [Ag{Cp*Mo(CO)2(mu,eta3:eta2:eta1-P3)}2]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]n (4), the crystal structure of which differs from that of polymer 2 in the coordination mode of the cyclo-P3 ligands: in 2, the Ag+ cations are bridged by the cyclo-P3 ligands in a eta1:eta1 (edge bridging) fashion whereas in 4, they are bridged exclusively in a eta2:eta1 mode (face bridging). Thus, one third of the phosphorus atoms in 2 are not coordinated to silver while in 4, all phosphorus atoms are engaged in coordination with silver. Comprehensive spectroscopic and analytical measurements revealed that the polymers 2, 3a, b, and 4 depolymerize extensively upon dissolution and display dynamic behavior in solution, as evidenced in particular by variable temperature 31P NMR spectroscopy. Solid-state 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR measurements, performed on the polymers 2, 3b, and 4, demonstrated that the polymers 2 and 3b also display dynamic behavior in the solid state at room temperature. The X-ray crystallographic characterisation of 1b is also reported.

In diesem Kapitel werden die Bewertungsformeln fur die DCF-Verfahren bei einem Steuersystem entwickelt, das Dividenden, Zinsen und Kursgewinne unterschiedlich besteuert. Einen Schwerpunkt stellen die Zusammenhange zwischen den Kapitalkostensatzen dar. In Anlehnung an die klassische Finanzierungstheorie werden die Betrachtungen fur autonome und wertabhangige Finanzierungen angestellt.

Im ersten Teil dieses Hauptkapitels wird zunachst der fur die Unternehmensbewertung zentrale Begriff des Unternehmenswertes einleitend erlautert. Anschliesend wird die dogmengeschichtliche Entwicklung der Unternehmensbewertung von der objektiven Unternehmensbewertung hin zur Funktionenlehre der Unternehmensbewertung kurz dargestellt. Die kapitalmarktorientierte Unternehmensbewertung ist der seit den 80er Jahren vorherrschende Bewertungsansatz, auf dem diese Arbeit aufbaut. Die Verfahren der kapitalmarktorientierten Unternehmensbewertung werden in die Funktionenlehre der Unternehmensbewertung eingebettet. Im Anschluss daran wird die Bedeutung von Steuern bei der Unternehmensbewertung diskutiert. Dadurch gelingt es, den Untersuchungsgegenstand weiter einzugrenzen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die bewertungsrelevanten Aspekte des deutschen Steuerrechts dargestellt.

In diesem Kapitel werden grundlegende Zusammenhange zwischen Renditen und Kapitalkostensatzen vor und nach personlichen Steuern erarbeitet. Hierzu werden einfuhrend der Sicherheitsfall betrachtet und die Beziehungen bei endlichen und unendlichen Zahlungsstromen untersucht.

Layering solutions of P(4)S(3) in CH(2)Cl(2) with solutions of CuCl or CuI in CH(3)CN gives the coordination polymers (P(4)S(3))(3)(CuCl)(7) (1), (P(4)S(3))(2)(CuCl)(3) (2), (P(4)S(3))(CuI) (3) and (P(4)S(3))(CuI)(3) (4), respectively, after slow diffusion. The yellow compounds were characterised by elemental analysis, (31)P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid-state structures demonstrate the unexpected ligand versatility of the P(4)S(3) molecule, which interacts through two, three, or even all of the phosphorus atoms with copper according to the nature of the copper halide. Compound 1 has a three-dimensional network in which linear and cylindrical infinite CuCl subunits coexist with diatomic CuCl building blocks. For the first time, all four P atoms of the P(4)S(3) cage are involved in coordination with metal atoms. The 3D structure of 2 contains stacks of P(4)S(3) that are interconnected by slightly undulated and planar [CuCl](n) ribbons. Compound 3 is a one-dimensional polymer composed of alternating (CuI)(2) rings and P(4)S(3) bridges. The structure of 4 consists of undulated [CuI](n) layers in which the P(4)S(3) cage functions as a bridge within the layer, as well as a spacer between the layers. The (31)P MAS NMR spectra obtained are in good agreement with the solid-state structures obtained crystallographically. Thus, analytically pure 3 and 4 show singlet peaks that correspond to uncoordinated P and quartets owing to coupling with (63)Cu and (65)Cu, respectively, whereas that of 1 contains quartets according to all-P coordination. The spectrum of 2 was obtained from a sample that still contained 40 % of 1.

The highly siliceous cell walls of diatoms are probably the most outstanding examples of nanostructured materials in nature. Previous in vitro experiments have shown that the biomolecules found in the cell walls of diatoms, namely polyamines and silaffins, are capable of catalysing the formation of silica nanospheres from silicic/oligosilicic acid solutions. In a previous publication, silica precipitation was found to be strictly correlated with a phosphate-induced microscopic phase separation of the polyamines. The present contribution further characterises the phase separation behaviour of polyamines in aqueous solutions. In particular, a pronounced pH-dependence of the average particle diameter is found. It is, furthermore, shown that the ability of phosphate ions to form polyamine aggregates in aqueous solutions cannot be a purely electrostatic effect. Instead, a defined hydrogen-bonded network stabilised by properly balanced electrostatic interactions should be considered. Finally, solid-state 31P NMR studies on phase-separated polyamines, synthetic silica precipitates, and diatom cell walls from the species Coscinodicus granii support the assumption of a phosphate-induced phase separation process taking place during cell wall formation.

The interaction between the histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein HPr and xenon atoms in solution is studied in the present paper. Wild-type HPr as well as the exchange mutant I14A have been studied. Specific binding of xenon into an engineered cavity created via the exchange of amino acid residue I14 by alanine could be shown using 1H-15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) spectroscopy. Xenon binding results in pronounced changes of the 1H and 15N chemical shifts of amide groups close to the cavity. In addition to this observation which allows the NMR-spectroscopic mapping of such cavities, we have shown that the entire molecule is slightly rearranged as a result of xenon binding. In contrast, wild-type HPr only exhibits minor chemical shift changes due to the nonspecific interactions with the xenon atoms in solution.