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Soil properties vary in space even within a soil layer. Nevertheless, site response analyses are typically conducted using a best-characterized shear wave velocity (Vs) profile without considering its fluctuation. In this study, the random field theory is adopted to model heterogeneous Vs profiles for a range of coefficient of variations (COVs) and correlation lengths (CLs). Linear 1D site responses are analyzed with the randomized profiles to quantify the influence of spatial Vs variation on the propagated ground motions. Results reveal that a higher COV of randomized Vs profiles leads to a lower mean ground response compared with a homogeneous Vs profile. The variation of CL does not significantly affect the surface response and peak ground acceleration profile, but is shown to influence the degree of fluctuation of the maximum shear strain profiles. For idealized profiles, the effect of heterogeneous Vs on ground response can be approximately predicted by using reduced Vs and enlarged small strain damping that are dependent on COV.

Introduction Most patients with asthma, either allergic or non-allergic, usually exhibit some level of concurrent rhinitis. Treatments for rhinitis and asthma can affect both conditions. Objective The present study aimed to examine asthma-specific outcomes in patients with chronic rhinitis (CR) and asthma after surgery for nasal obstruction, and to identify the patient group most likely to experience improved asthma control after surgery. Methods Asthmatic patients with CR and nasal obstruction were prospectively recruited for evaluations of nasal and asthma-specific outcomes before and after surgery for nasal obstruction. Results Twenty-eight participants were enrolled. There was a significant association between the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores, both at the preoperative and 3-month postoperative assessments. Patients demonstrating ACT improvement after nasal surgery had worse preoperative ACT scores and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Conclusion Nasal symptom severity was closely associated with the extent of asthma control in asthmatic patients with CR and nasal obstruction. Assessment of CR and nasal obstruction in patients with poorly controlled asthma should be considered an essential approach to improve the response to treatment and patients' quality of life.

With the broad indications for dental implantation, complications rates have increased. Dental implant displacement into the maxillary sinus, although rare, can occur during the restoration of maxillary posterior teeth. We performed a 6-year retrospective review and found 3 cases with displaced implants in the maxillary sinus. Detailed information, including surgical indications and dental implant removal methods, is provided. Dental implants can be dislocated to the maxillary sinus perioperatively or postoperatively. Endoscopic sinus surgery can be performed to remove the implant and restore sinus patency. If the implant is displaced to deeper areas (commonly anterior and inferior) of the maxillary sinus, a prelacrimal recess approach can provide a panoramic view of the maxillary sinus and is a good alternative to the Caldwell-Luc operation in terms of mucosal preservation and postoperative complications.

Background: Medical versus surgical management of pediatric periorbital infection secondary to acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can be a dilemma for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors related to the need for surgical drainage and to help direct management decisions. Methods: Children admitted for periorbital infection secondary to ABRS between 2001 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory data, comorbidities, and computed tomography results were collected from medical records. Results: A total of 141 pediatric patients were enrolled. Forty-two patients (29.8%) required surgical intervention. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that delayed initiation of intravenous antibiotics from the onset of periorbital swelling (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94; p < 0.001) and proptosis at initial presentation (OR = 6.63; p = 0.008) were significantly associated with the need for surgical intervention. A C-reactive protein value of > 55.73 mg/L and initiation of intravenous antibiotic treatment > 2 days from the onset of periorbital swelling showed the best predictive power for surgery. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with delayed initiation of intravenous antibiotic treatment and initial presentation of proptosis had worse outcomes and required surgical intervention.

Background: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a syndrome of paradoxical nasal obstruction that is thought to be mostly caused by inappropriate turbinate procedures. This study aimed to investigate depression- and anxiety-associated psychological symptoms in patients with ENS before and after surgical reconstruction, and to compare them with those of control subjects. Methods: Patients with ENS were prospectively enrolled. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 (SNOT-25), Empty Nose Syndrome 6-item questionnaire (ENS6Q), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate the participants before and after reconstruction surgery with submucosal Medpor implantation (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI), as well as control subjects at enrollment. Results: Forty patients with ENS and forty age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Patients with ENS experienced significant improvement in SNOT-25, ENS6Q, BDI-II, and BAI scores after surgery, but all were significantly greater than those in the control group. Nine patients with ENS (22.5%) had postoperative residual psychological symptoms. Preoperative BDI-II and BAI scores were significant predictors of postoperative residual psychological symptoms. The optimal cut-off value was BDI-II > 28.5 (sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 77.4%) in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Conclusions: The nasal and psychological evaluations in patients with ENS significantly improved after nasal reconstruction surgery, but both were significantly greater than those in the control group. Identifying individuals who may experience postoperative residual symptoms and providing a multimodal approach, including surgical reconstruction and psychiatric treatment, are suggested.

Simple Summary Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common treatment complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence and severity of CRS in NPC patients who underwent intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) by evaluating the sinus mucosa change in imaging studies, and we compared these patients with those who underwent volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). This was a retrospective case–control study in which 53 and 54 patients were treated with IMPT and VMAT, respectively. We noted that patients in the IMPT group had a significantly lower incidence and decreased severity of sinus mucosa abnormality than those with VMAT. Better and faster recovery of sinonasal function after radiotherapy in the IMPT group was also observed. IMPT techniques deposit the bulk of their radiation doses in highly confined areas, allowing lower exposure of non-target organs during irradiation, which results in more sinonasal mucosa being retained. Abstract In the past decade, patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) have been deemed candidates for proton radiotherapy, due to the large and comprehensive target volumes and the necessity for the retention of the surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, we aimed to compare the incidence and severity of post-irradiation sinusitis by detecting sinus mucosa diseases (SMDs) via the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with NPC after intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). A total of 53 patients in the IMPT group and 54 patients in the VMAT group were enrolled in this study. There were significantly lower endoscopic scores and Lund–Mackay staging scores determined from MRI scans in the IMPT group during different follow-up periods. For the most vulnerable sinuses, the incidence and severity of SMD were the highest during the third post-radiotherapy month in both groups. These decreased steadily, and there was no significant increase in the incidence and severity of SMD during the second post-radiotherapy year in the IMPT group. Our data show that NPC patients with IMPT have a significantly lower incidence and decreased severity of SMD than those with VMAT. A better and faster recovery of sinonasal function after radiotherapy in the IMPT group was also observed.

Objectives: Maxillary sinus fungal balls (MSFBs) mostly occur in older individuals and demonstrate female predominance. Early diagnosis is important to avoid treatment delays. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in clinical and imaging presentation of MSFB with and without intralesional hyperdensity (IH). Design and setting: This was a retrospective review in a tertiary medical center. We retrospectively identified 588 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery procedures for MSFB between 2005 and 2018. The clinical characteristics and computed tomography (CT) findings including the presence of complete or partial opacification, IH, and odontogenic pathology were reviewed. Participants: 588 MSFB patients Results: Patients with unilateral MSFB had a mean age of 57.4 years and demonstrated female predominance (64.63%). The overall female-to-male ratio was highest at 51-60 years (2.02) and rose to 2.60 in MSFB with IH only. Compared to those with IH, MSFB without IH was significantly more common in males (OR = 2.496; P < .0001), in those with diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 2.094; P = .010) and adjacent maxillary odontogenic pathology (OR = 1.697; P = .030). Complete opacification on CT was less common in MSFB without IH (OR = 0.617; P = .025). Conclusion: The highest female-to-male ratio for MSFB at 51-60 years corresponded to the age of menopause. Patients with MSFB without IH were more likely to have DM, no female predominance, adjacent maxillary odontogenic pathology, and partial opacification of the sinus, compared to those with IH. These clinical features may aid earlier identification of MSFB without IH.

The microbial colonization in the nasopharynx is a prerequisite for the onset of infectious diseases. For successful infection, pathogens should overcome host defenses as well as compete effectively with the resident microbiota. Hence, elucidating the richness and diversity of the microbiome at the site of pathogen colonization is pivotal. Here, we investigated the adenoidal tissue microbiota collected through adenoidectomy to evaluate the impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Prospectively, children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and otitis media with effusion (OME) were enrolled. During adenoidectomy, the nasopharyngeal swab and adenoid tissues were collected to determine the pneumococcal carriage and tissue microbiota, using multiplex PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) pyrosequencing. A total of 66 pediatric patients comprising 38 children with SDB and 28 children with OME were enrolled. There was no difference between the bacterial cultures from the surface of the nasopharyngeal adenoid in the SDB and OME groups. Thirty-four samples (17 SDB and 17 OME) underwent 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and fulfilled the criteria for further analysis. The Shannon diversity index for the samples from the SDB patients was found to be higher than that observed for the samples from OME patients, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.095). The Shannon diversity index for the samples negative for the pneumococcal carriage was significantly higher than that for the samples positive for pneumococcal carriage (p = 0.038). Alloprevotella, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Neisseriaceae were significantly dominant in the samples positive for the pneumococcal carriage. Dialister was significantly less present in the adenoid tissue positive for the pneumococcal carriage. Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most common pathogens of the airway, significantly influences the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the nasopharyngeal adenoid. Thus, bacterial community analysis based on 16S rRNA pyrosequencing allows for better understanding of the relationship between the adenoidal microbial communities.

OBJECTIVES /HYPOTHESIS Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a complicated condition currently thought to be caused by excessive surgical resection of turbinate tissue. Patients with ENS experienced significant psychological symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the psychological burden on the surgical outcome of ENS. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case series in a tertiary medical center. METHODS Patients with ENS were prospectively recruited between 2015 and 2018. Validated instruments including the Sinonasal Outcome Test-25 (SNOT-25), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate patients with ENS prior to and 3, 6, and 12 months after nasal reconstruction surgery with submucosal Medpor implantation. RESULTS A total of 54 ENS patients were enrolled during the study period. All three evaluations revealed significant improvement, and symptoms stabilized 3 months after surgery. Six months post-operatively, SNOT-25 scores were significantly associated with the pre-operative BDI-II and BAI scores (β = 0.64 and 0.87; P = .006 and

The plasmon-mediated process is one of the most common and well-studied methods to synthesize silver nanoplates (AgNPts). In a typical plasmon-mediated process, silver seeds are generated by chemical reduction using NaBH4 (abbreviated as CR seeds) before the plasmon-mediated process. However, a broad localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of AgNPts (usually broader than 150 nm) synthesized using the typical plasmon-mediated process would possibly limit their further applications. In this study, silver seeds are generated using a photochemical reduction method (abbreviated as PCR seeds). These PCR seeds then convert to AgNPts with irradiation by green LEDs or by a sodium lamp through the plasmon-mediated process. Furthermore, a very narrow LSPR bandwidth (approximately 67 nm) can be obtained when these AgNPts are further irradiated with red LEDs. Due to high refractive index sensitivity and sharp LSPR bandwidth, the as-prepared AgNPts have a high figure of merit (FOM) and can be used for spectroscopic chemical sensing applications. The silver seeds generated by this photochemical method can provide another choice for the plasmon-mediated process to synthesize AgNPts with high optical quality.

Objectives To determine a paradigm for evaluating and managing maxillary sinus conditions before dental implantation via preoperative sinonasal assessment. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Eighty-four patients who underwent dental implantation with or without sinus augmentation were included. Maxillary sinus conditions were classified into groups 1 to 6 according to cone-beam computed tomography (CT) findings: 1) nonspecific findings, 2) solitary polyp or cyst, 3) mucosal thickening, 4) air–fluid level or fluid accumulation, 5) near-total opacification of the maxillary or other paranasal sinus, and 6) calcification spots in the maxillary sinus. Dental implantation with or without sinus augmentation was suggested with postoperative sinus observation (groups 1–3), after medication for acute sinusitis (group 4), and after comprehensive treatment of chronic or fungal sinusitis (groups 5–6). Intraoperative and postoperative sinus-related complications were recorded. Results Two patients (groups 1 and 3) developed acute rhinosinusitis after sinus augmentation; both recovered completely with medical treatment. Schneiderian membrane perforation occurred during sinus lift surgery in six patients (group 1): five recovered after conservative medical therapy and close observation, whereas one required endoscopic sinus surgery and recovered well. No chronic rhinosinusitis developed after dental implantation. Conclusion Craniofacial CT is crucial for pre-dental implantation sinonasal evaluation. The risk of dental implant-related chronic rhinosinusitis is low for patients with cysts, polyps, or mucosal thickening in the maxillary sinus. However, preventive endoscopic sinus surgery is recommended for patients with incurable chronic rhinosinusitis, fungal sinusitis, and large polyps or cysts. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017

In the present study, the piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN)/tantalum (Ta) (PAT) thin film was investigated as a biocompatible film and osseointegrated with biomedical devices such as implants. The stress variation on the interaction of cells with the PAT surface was investigated using osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) and fibroblast cells (NIH3T3). A singular behavior was observed on the PAT film with a (002) texture, in which the MG-63 cells were more dispersed and displayed longer and more filopodia than the NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, the MG-63 cells showed ingrowth, adherence, and proliferation on the PAT film surface. The MG-63 cells had more obvious stress variation than the NIH3T3 cells in the differentiation and proliferation. The mechanobiological reaction to cell differentiation and proliferation not only caused osseointegration, but also reduced the surface activation energy, thus enhancing bone remodeling. The formation of a nanopolycrystalline PAT film is believed to enhance the mechanobiological effect, promoting osseointegration.

A potential mechanism underlying cigarette smoke-induced airway disease is insufficient tissue repair via altered production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Osteitis is a signature feature of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and often results in revision surgery. The present study aimed to investigate MMP expression in the nasal tissues of asthmatic patients with CRS and any association with cigarette smoking and osteitis. Thirteen smokers with CRS and asthma, 16 non-smokers with CRS and asthma, and seven non-smoker asthmatic patients without CRS were prospectively recruited. The expression of MMPs and associated immunological factors in surgically-obtained nasal tissues was evaluated via real-time PCR and western blotting. Maximal bone thickness of the anterior ethmoid (AE) partition was measured in axial sinus computed tomography (CT) sections. MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was increased in the nasal tissues of smokers with asthma and CRS via real-time PCR and western blot. Maximal AE partition bone thickness was greater in smokers with CRS and asthma than in non-smokers with CRS and asthma. MMP-1 and MMP-9 levels were correlated with maximal AE bone thickness. Cigarette smoking was associated with the up-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the nasal tissues of patients with airway inflammatory diseases, and with AE osteitis, and with therapeutic resistence.

Streptococcus pneumonia, one of the major colonizers in nasopharyngeal adenoids, has been the predominant pathogen causing acute otitis media (AOM) in children. Recent evidence suggests an association between IL-17A-mediated immune response and the clearance of pneumococcal colonization in nasopharyngeal adenoids. Here, we evaluated the expressions of IL-17A and associated genes in hypertrophic adenoid tissues of children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and otitis media with effusion (OME) and their association with pneumococcal carriage. Sixty-six pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled. During adenoidectomy, nasopharyngeal swab and adenoid tissues were used to determine pneumococcal carriage and IL-17A expression. Our results revealed significantly higher levels of IL-17A and IL-17A:IL-10 mRNA in the SDB patients positive for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage than those negative. However, these differences were not significant in the OME group. These results suggested, in OME patients, prolonged or chronic pneumococcal carriage may occur because of insufficient IL-17A-mediated mucosal clearance, and could further lead to AOM and OME development.

Objectives In the past two decades, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been performed frequently in children with medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, surgical success rates vary according to age. The causes of failure and prognostic factors for revision ESS remain unclear. The aims of the present study were to evaluate prognostic factors related to revision surgery after ESS, and to determine the most optimal timing for surgery in the pediatric population. Methods This was a retrospective review in a tertiary medical center. Children who underwent ESS for CRS between 2004 and 2017 were enrolled. Demographics, sinonasal examination findings, previous operation history, laboratory data, comorbidities, and computed tomography (CT) results were collected from medical records. Prognostic factors for revision surgery were analyzed. Results A total of 188 pediatric patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four patients (12.8%) required revision surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified patients with nasal allergy (OR = 6.258; P = .010) and higher Lund-Mackay score on preoperative sinus CT (OR = 1.658; P = .043) had worse outcomes, while older age was a positive prognostic factor (OR = 0.702; P = .018). A cut-off point of 15.68 years of age and mean Lund-Mackay score of 10.5 showed the best predictive power for revision surgery. Conclusion Because ESS is performed with increasing frequency in children, knowledge of prognostic factors for revision surgery is important. In this study, patients with younger age, nasal allergy, and higher Lund-Mackay score on preoperative sinus CT had worse outcomes. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1051-1055, 2020.

Objectives/hypothesis Maxillary sinus fungus ball (MSFB) is the most common type of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Surgical removal of the ball achieves good outcomes. Making a rapid and accurate diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary medical therapy. Intralesional hyperdensity (IH) on computed tomography (CT) is reportedly a good indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic features of MSFB without IH on preoperative CT images. Study design Retrospective database review. Methods Two hundred fifty-eight patients with histopathological evidence of a sinus fungal ball were retrospectively investigated. Forty-seven of 222 patients with MSFB did not show IH on preoperative CT images and were enrolled in the MSFB group. Forty-one patients with unilateral nonfungal chronic rhinosinusitis were enrolled in a control group. CT features previously reported to have diagnostic significance were evaluated. Results Sclerosis of the lateral sinus wall, erosion of the inner sinus wall, and irregular surface of the material were significantly more common in the MSFB group than in the control group. In the subgroup of patients with total opacification in the maxillary sinus, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for erosion of the inner sinus wall were more than 90%. In the subgroup with partial opacification, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of an irregular surface of the material were more than 80%. Conclusions We have devised an algorithm to help diagnose MSFB without IH on preoperative CT images. Use of this algorithm would improve the diagnostic accuracy and ensure appropriate treatment. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:1041-1045, 2019.

In order to generate analog layout in advanced technology, it still remains lots of challenges due to the imprecise estimation of critical performance parameters. We propose an upgraded decision making framework, PEDefer, to decompose existing layout into decisive components for performance estimation. In this work, the objective is to synthesize layout solutions based on the performance estimation of user-defined constraints and existing templates. The constraints of the circuit are priorly tackled in the partition and layout enumeration stage. In addition, we attempt to have partial layout pieces as exchangeable blocks to perform pseudo-post-simulation, thus to put simulation factors in the evaluation during layout enumeration strategy. The experiments show that this flow guarantees valid analog layout results whose performances are closer to netlist-Ievel simulation than manual designed or migrated layouts with minimal overhead.

Tonsil and adenoid-tissue hypertrophy (AH) is the most common cause of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), with AH possibly initiated by repeated exposure to infectious agents or allergens. Here, we evaluated IL-17A activity in adenoid tissue from children with SDB and its association with AH and pneumococcal carriage. Thirty-five children (aged 3–12 years) with SDB and receiving adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were enrolled. During surgery, nasopharyngeal carriage was determined by bacterial culture and multiplex PCR via nasopharyngeal swab, and adenoid samples were collected. IL-17A and associated cytokine expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting. The mRNA analysis showed that IL-17A level, IL-17A:IL-10 ratio, and RAR-related orphan receptor-γt:forkhead box P3 ratio were significantly higher in adenoid tissues with AH, as were IL-17A level and IL-17A:IL-10 ratio in adenoid tissues with pneumococcal carriage. Additionally, pneumococcal carriage was more common in nasopharyngeal adenoids from patients without AH than those with AH. IL-17A was upregulated in adenoid tissues from patients with AH and with pneumococcal carriage. These results suggested that pneumococcal carriage initiates an IL-17A-mediated immune response in nasopharyngeal adenoids, which might be associated with AH in patients with SDB.

The routability of a circuit is a critical challenge due to the complexity of design rules. Global routing produces a congestion map on a coarse grid and feeds the results to the placer to optimize the design for reducing detailed-route DRC violations. However, there is a growing gap between global routing and the actual violations in detailed routing. This miscorrelation may end up unroutable for back-end detailed routing. In this work, a methodology as well as the framework flow based on machine learning technique is proposed to effectively predict detailed routing violations. After extracting appropriate features from placement, fast global routing and detailed routing violations, we use support vector machine techniques to train the prediction model, different from regression framework. We then also develop a prediction model for DRC violation density which can be integrated into placers. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively forecast routability during placement stage.

Purpose Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common infectious disease in children and usually accompanied by a preceding viral respiratory tract infection, especially in the preschool-age population. The study aimed to evaluate impact of influenza vaccine on childhood otitis media. Methods This retrospective cohort study included data for 803,592 children (

In 3DIC design, we may face the problem in manufacturing faults of through silicon vias (TSVs) and microbumps, and it will cause insufficient power delivery and eventually result in fatal error of functioning. In this work, we propose a power TSV/microbump fault tolerance scheme to resolve this issue. First, we use a fast heuristic to predict the worst IR-drop distribution under a given faulty rate by analyzing power simulation results. Next, we use an incremental repair method to enhance power delivery network until reaching the given target IR-drop. The experimental results show that our methodology is effective in power delivery network enhancement in TSV/microbump DFM.

Background Seromucinous hamartoma, a type of epithelial hamartoma, is a rare benign glandular proliferation of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. Herein, we present 2 rare cases of seromucinous hamartoma arising in the nasal cavity medial to the middle turbinate. Methods and Results This is a case report of 2 patients diagnosed with seromucinous hamartoma of the nasal cavity and a review of the literature. Conclusion Seromucinous hamartoma of the nasal cavity is an exceedingly rare diagnosis but should be included in the differential diagnosis of a posterior nasal tumor. Most cases arise from the posterior nasal cavity medial to the middle turbinate rather than lateral to the middle turbinate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E15-E18, 2015

The united airways concept suggests that patients with asthma typically exhibit parallel inflammation in the upper airway. The resulting nasal symptoms should reduce quality of life and substantially affect the evaluation of asthma control among these patients. This study aimed to assess the association of nasal symptoms with the evaluation of asthma control. Fifty-eight patients with asthma and persistent nasal symptoms were prospectively recruited for evaluations of their sinonasal symptoms and asthma control in a cross-sectional study from August 2013 to June 2016. Participants underwent thorough nasal endoscopy, sinus computed tomography, pulmonary function testing, the asthma control test (ACT), and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaires to evaluate their asthma control and sinonasal symptoms. There was a significant association between ACT and SNOT-22 scores. Among patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis, ACT scores were closely related to the symptoms of cough, post-nasal discharge, dizziness, waking up at night, absence of a good night's sleep, and waking up tired. Among patients with asthma and chronic rhinitis, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was closely related to the symptoms of needing to blow nose, runny nose, and cough. Patients with emergency clinic visits during the previous 3 months had relatively high SNOT-22 scores, especially for the symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, nasal blockage, cough, and dizziness. Sinonasal symptom severity was closely associated with measured asthma control status among patients with asthma and persistent nasal symptoms. Therefore, upper and lower airway inflammations should be considered and treated simultaneously.