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International audience; The processes underlying environmental, economic, and social unsustainability derive in part from the food system. Building sustainable food systems has become a predominating endeavor aiming to redirect our food systems and policies towards better-adjusted goals and improved societal welfare. Food systems are complex social-ecological systems involving multiple interactions between human and natural components. Policy needs to encourage public perception of humanity and nature as interdependent and interacting. The systemic nature of these interdependencies and interactions calls for systems approaches and integrated assessment tools. Identifying and modeling the intrinsic properties of the food system that will ensure its essential outcomes are maintained or enhanced over time and across generations, will help organizations and governmental institutions to track progress towards sustainability, and set policies that encourage positive transformations. This paper proposes a conceptual model that articulates crucial vulnerability and resilience factors to global environmental and socio-economic changes, postulating specific food and nutrition security issues as priority outcomes of food systems. By acknowledging the systemic nature of sustainability, this approach allows consideration of causal factor dynamics. In a stepwise approach, a logical application is schematized for three Mediterranean countries, namely Spain, France, and Italy.

International audience; Food and nutrition security is a persisting global issue and, in addition, food systems are now facing a new set of intersecting economic, social and environmental challenges. Recurrent socio-economic and biophysical changes put the sustainability of food systems at risk. There is an urgent need to develop knowledge-based tools to assess and monitor food sustainability and to identify pathways for food security and resource conservation. The systemic nature of these interactions calls for multidimensional approaches and integrated assessments for decision-making to guide change. This paper reviews social–ecological system frameworks with the view to conceptualize the sustainability issues that affect the food systems. It is argued that the understanding of the food systems as social–ecological systems, and inputs from the theories of vulnerability and resilience in particular, can provide the concepts necessary to understand and model the complex system dynamics involved in the multiple interactions between human and natural components.

30. EURAGRI Annual Conference: The Bio-economy - Challenges and Implementation - the Research Organizations’ Perspective, 2016/09/25-27, Tartu (Estonie); International audience; This book focuses on opportunities and challenges in implementing a bioeconomy strategy from a research and education perspective. It draws on contributions presented during the 30th EURAGRI annual conference held in Tartu (Estonia) in September 2016, as well as on other workshops organised as part of EURAGRI. EURAGRI is an informal gathering of EU research and higher education organisations and ministries interested in agri-food research. It works as a platform of exchange and discussion on topics of common interest pertaining to the organisation, orientation and outlook of agri-food research in Europe in connection with global changes.

Séminaire annuel du Réseau de recherche sur le foncier rural méditerranéen FONCIMED, 2016/09/29-2016/10/01, Bragança (Portugal); International audience; Du 29 septembre au premier octobre s’est tenu à l’Institut Polytechnique de Bragança le séminaire annuel du réseau FONCIMED (co-animé par le CIHEAM-IAMM et l’INRA) de chercheurs et de praticiens du foncier rural méditerranéen. Le thème de ce séminaire portait sur la Gouvernance responsable des régimes fonciers, appliquée en particulier aux territoires indivis, aux zones péri-urbaines et touristiques, ou à forts enjeux environnementaux. Les communications issues d’une trentaine d’intervenants répartis en trois sessions permettent de tirer un certain nombre d’enseignements pour une meilleure prise en compte de la question foncière dans les politiques de développement et d’environnement, et notamment dans leur dimension territoriale. Ces communications sont basées sur des enquêtes réalisées dans différents territoires méditerranéens. Six pays - l’Algérie, la Grèce, la France, le Maroc, le Portugal et la Tunisie - étaient représentés.

International audience; No doubt that big data is a technical challenge. During the Euragri workshop organized in Paris on March 9th 2016 on how to tackle this challenge in agriculture, the extent to which it is accompanied with cultural transformation became more and more obvious. The workshop highlighted also that the agriculture sector has a number of assets to benefit from the opportunities given by big data. Reversely agriculture could provide an interesting application field for specialists of big data.

International audience

Communication orale; International audience

Communication orale; International audience

Journée d'animation thématique dans le cadre du programme de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de Montpellier « Gouvernance foncière et développement durable au Sud ». Communication orale; International audience

Conférence invitée; International audience

39. World Congress of Vine and Wine, 2016/10/24-28, Bento Gonçalves (Brésil); International audience; In a global market, food companies engaged in sustainable development must now integrate the economic and social component. However the tools to assess it are lacking. Several theoretical frameworks have been developed to define social sustainability and its implementation. The attributional approaches, pathways or capabilities methods have emerged, based on a functional unit of a good or service along the supply chain. This paper proposes a new method to assess social economic and territorial performances of a food chain as a whole on a Territory. It is divided into four components: (i) dignity and well-being of workers, (ii) contribution to local life, (iii) fairness and integrity of business practices, and (iv) creation of material and intangible wealth. 50 criteria are used according to international, national or sectoral references. This generic method applicable to any sector of processed food products aims to identify where are the areas of improvement to qualify the sector as socially sustainable. An application to the wine Beaujolais and Burgundy wine was performed from surveys of 35 production and trade operators in 2014. The results show that the sector is particularly effective for the promotion of the territory, local life participation, loyalty and integrity of business practices; some improvement is still possible for the welfare of workers and the creation of material wealth. This method can be coupled with the environmental performance determined by the life cycle analysis in order to assess the sustainability in its entirety.

NENA study report: FAO (Roma, Italie); CIRAD (Montpellier, France) ; CIHEAM-IAMM (Montpellier, France); This report provides an overview of a study conducted in the NENA region in 2015-2016 in partnership with the FAO, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM and 6 country’ national teams who had prepared 6 national reports ((Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Mauritania, Sudan and Tunisia). The study was supervised by the FAO regional office in Cairo under its regional initiative dubbed Sustainable Small-Scale Agriculture for Inclusive Development in NENA Region. This overview focuses on the features and characteristics of small-scale family farming. Additional information may be found in related national reports to situate this type of agriculture within the national agricultural sector, and hence consider some interactions between various forms of agriculture.

Chapter 8; International audience; While the 2030 Agenda is intended as a global framework, not much discussion has taken place yet to consider what the new Agenda could mean for a region such as the Mediterranean, given its unique features, particular challenges and fragmented political integration. Despite the progress made to achieve the MDGs in the region, several challenges remain to both ensure food security and reverse the degradation of natural resources. The waste of these resources is a serious constraint to sustainable rural and agricultural development while the loss of local knowledge associated to the environment is closely related to their depletion. This chapter outlines the main challenges faced by Mediterranean agriculture and natural resources in the framework of the 2030 Agenda towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), highlighting critical improvements to be made and gaps to be filled with respect to the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It then specifically focuses on the main regional initiatives aimed at rural and agricultural sustainability, before an in-depth discussion on what it could mean and what it would take to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean at regional, national and local levels.

International audience; Le système agraire méditerranéen est caractérisé par de fortes disparités d’accès aux ressources naturelles, aux financements et à l’information des agriculteurs. Ce caractère prend la forme d’un dualisme faisant coexister une agriculture dite moderne et une agriculture dite traditionnelle. Prenant acte de cette évolution, le séminaire du réseau de recherche Foncimed, organisé à Tunis les 16 et 17 octobre 2015, a choisi d’étudier les interrelations entre ces deux types d’agricultures. S’appuyant sur les communications présentées lors de ce séminaire, cette contribution est structurée en trois points : persistance du dualisme agraire méditerranéen ; crise des agricultures familiales ; facteurs de résilience.

International audience; Crop models and decision support system can be useful tools for researchers, teachers, scientists, extension educators, policy makers and planners to help or support the application and evaluation of sustainable and long term alternative management practices. Sunflower is an important oilseed crop that has the potential to bridge the gap between the consumption and domestic production of edible oil in developing countries such as Pakistan. Limited research has been conducted on the application of the OILCROP-SUN model for the simulation of growth and development of sunflower under different environmental conditions, especially in developing countries. Field experiments were conducted in three environments to study the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on grain yield and quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the OILCROP-SUN model and to determine the effect of N on sunflower for three contrasting environments. The results showed that OILCROP-SUN model simulated well for growth, development and yield of sunflower hybrids in these three contrasting environments and under different management practices that included several genotypes and different nitrogen fertilizer application rates. The d values (index of agreement) for leaf area index (LAI) ranged from 88 to 97 under arid, 78 to 85 under semi- arid and 71 to 81 under sub- humid conditions. Similarly, d values for total dry matter (TDM) ranged between 90 and 94 under arid, 81 and 88 under semi-arid and 90 and 96 under sub-humid conditions, respectively while the percentage difference for grain yield ranged from 8.5 to 21% for different ecological conditions. The model also simulated LAI, TDM, grain yield and oil quality well under different environmental conditions of Pakistan and further studies should focus on application of the OILCROP-SUN model for variable agro-climatic regions where sunflower is an important crop.

Communication orale; International audience

International audience; The use of plant protection products enables farmers to maximize economic performance and yields, but in return, the environment and human health can be greatly affected because of their toxicity. There are currently strong calls for farmers to reduce the use of these toxic products for the preservation of the environment and the human health, and it has become urgent to invest in more sustainable models that help reduce these risks. One possible solution is the transition toward agroecological production systems. These new systems must be beneficial economically, socially, and environmentally in terms of human health. There are many tools available, based on a range of indicators, for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems on conventional farm holdings. These methods are little suitable to agroecological farms and do not measure the performance of agroecological transition farms. In this article, we therefore develop a model for the strategic definition, guidance, and assistance for a transition to agroecological practices, capable of assessing performance of this transition and simulating the consequences of possible changes. This model was built by coupling (i) a decision-support tool and a technico-economic simulator with (ii) a conceptual model built from the dynamics of agroecological practices. This tool is currently being tested in the framework of a Compte d’Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural (CASDAR) project (CASDAR: project launched in 2013 by the French Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, on the theme “collective mobilisation for agroecology,” http://​agriculture.​gouv.​fr/​Appel-a-projets-CASDAR) using data from farms, most of which are engaged in agroenvironmental process and reducing plant protection treatments since 2008.

International audience; In an earlier paper, we interpreted the resolution of the 2005 WTO dispute on GIs as a stalemate and suggested a shift of the balance of power in favor of the pro-GI coalition. Since then, international negotiations continue to be stalled. The record of GIs as a tool for the promotion of rural development shows that few non-European GIs have been registered. The case of Morocco illustrates the difficulties faced by a government eager to use GIs as a development instrument. International recognition of GIs is difficult. The TTIP might not resolve institutional and doctrinal GI problems.

International audience; Ce numéro propose une relecture de la place de l’oléiculture dans l’histoire de l’Ouest méditerranéen et plus particulièrement le Maroc. L’olivier y est considéré comme un modèle des relations sociales et environnementales : la distribution de la diversité génétique, les flux de gènes entre oliviers et oléastres, ou l’équilibre entre les variétés locales et les variétés étrangères sont liés aux stratégies de conservation, de sélection, d’amélioration et aux stratégies de développement et de valorisation oléicoles. La question de l’impact de la sélection variétale et de la dynamique évolutive de l’olivier constitue un axe commun aux chercheurs engagés dans différentes disciplines (écologie, biologie, génétique, ethnobiologie, archéologie, archéobotanique, histoire, agronomie, socio-économie, économie politique internationale). Leurs travaux mettent en perspective différents facteurs déterminant les dynamiques variétales, environnementales et sociales. Au début, les contributions apportent de nouveaux éléments sur la manière d’analyser et d’interpréter la diversité variétale et l’évolution de l’oléiculture depuis la préhistoire à la période contemporaine. Puis les approches de la génétique et de l'histoire interrogent la dominance de la « Picholine marocaine ». L'origine de cette variété, les facteurs historiques de sa diffusion au Maroc, son impact sur les agroécosystèmes traditionnels et sur la conception des programmes de sélection génétique y sont analysés. Afin d’approfondir les dynamiques à l’œuvre dans la diversification variétale de l’olivier, les approches de la génétique, de la socio-économie et de l’ethnobotanique, analysent l’évolution des écosystèmes et des pratiques paysannes. L’angle de l’économie politique internationale et de la socio-économie interroge alors le rôle des opérateurs privés et des organismes publics dans la diffusion variétale, en se focalisant en particulier sur les pépinières et les appellations d’origine oléicoles. Enfin, les dernières contributions présentent de nouvelles approches pour l'étude de l’olivier au Maroc. Des résultats préliminaires sur la plasticité de l’olivier, sur les caractères anatomiques de son bois et sur les données relatives au pollen y sont restitués. L’ensemble de ce travail fournit des éléments de réponse nuancés sur les facteurs déterminant la diffusion variétale et la dynamique de la diversification de l’olivier. Il ouvre de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur les mesures permettant de mieux évaluer les adaptations aux changements environnementaux et sur le rôle des politiques économiques dans la diffusion variétale.

Synthèse publique : Publication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM). Public overview: Publication of the LACTIMED project (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM); LACTIMED is a cross-border cooperation project funded by the European Union in the framework of the ENPI CBC MED Programme. It aims to foster the production and distribution of typical and innovative dairy products in the Mediterranean by organizing local value chains, supporting producers in their development projects and creating new markets for their products

International audience; Increase in food demand, mainly due to population growth and diet changes, is putting an increasing pressure on food system and food security. In this framework, food losses and wastes (FLW) together create one of the main causes of food systems unsustainability. The two differ on the fact that food losses refer to the part of food that is lost along the supply chain before reaching final consumer while food waste represents the waste of food by final consumer. This paper focuses on the role of demographic, social and economic factors affecting household behavior related to food waste (FW) and explores some factors which can play an important role in tackling food waste issue in the case of Turkey. The paper is based on an online survey with150 Turkish respondents in January-March 2015. The sample was not gender balanced since71% of them were females. About two fifths of the respondents (38%) belong to the age group 35-44 years and 62% of the sample has a high level of education (master and PhD).The fact that the majority of the respondents are employees (70% of the sample) in the big cities of Turkey shows how the pace of the metropolitan life structure affects consumer food consumption habits and orient purchases towards supermarkets. The results of the survey show that still 95% of the respondents are responsible of FW and 90% think that food waste increases during the month of Ramadan. Nevertheless, about 50% of respondents declared the willingness to throw less away and ask for better information about the negative impacts of food waste on the environment and on the economy. Preventing bread waste campaign of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock was launched in 2013 in order to increase consciousness of the society towards bread waste which is quite important in Turkey. Similarly, there are some other initiatives on both national and local level with the objective of informing people about the food waste, sustainable food consumption and reuse of the food through food recipes.

International audience; While linking smallholder farmer to dairy value chain industry has identified as a potential pathway to get out of poverty trap by raising incomes and by increasing the availability of nutrient-dense foods in Ethiopia, much less is known about the poverty implication of smallholder participation in dairy value chain. We assess nutrition impacts of smallholder farmers' participation in the formal milk value chain with cross sectional survey data from Ethiopia. To assess smallholder farmer households' food and nutrition security outcomes, we employed multiple food access measurements such as per capita dietary energy intake, food consumption score, and household income. We use propensity score matching model to analyze impact pathways. The results show that as compared to households without participation, households with participation have higher dietary energy intake, dietary diversity, and household income. However, there is a negative association between participation in the milk value chain and level of milk consumption. We find that smallholder farmer participation in milk value chain has a positive significant effect on food sufficiency, dietary diversity and income. This study, therefore, confirms the potential role of smallholder farmers' participation in agri-food value chain to get out of poverty trap through improving rural household income, food security and nutrition.

Fiche d'actualité; La dégradation des terres constitue un frein au développement durable en impactant l’environnement, la sécurité alimentaire, la fourniture de services par les agroécosystèmes et les conditions de vie des populations. C’est un problème à la fois local, régional et global, qui touche autant les zones sèches que le reste du monde. Dès lors, un effort global, concerté, visant à enrayer et inverser ce phénomène, s’impose. Face à cette situation, la neutralité en termes de dégradation est apparue comme un nouveau concept mobilisateur pour la communauté internationale.

Climate change, food security, water scarcity and environmental sustainability have all become major global challenges. As a consequence, improving resource use efficiency is an important aspect of increasing crop productivity. Crop models are increasingly being used as tools for supporting strategic and tactical decision making under varying agro-climatic and socioeconomic conditions. These tools can also support climate change assessment and the evaluation of adaptation strategies to limit the adverse impacts of climate change. In this paper, the authors report on a case study conducted to assess the potential impact of climate change on grain yield in sunflower under arid, semi-arid and subhumid conditions in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Experimental data obtained between 2008 and 2009 were used for model evaluation. The study focused on the impacts of incremental temperature change on sunflower production. The modelling suggests that grain yield could reduce by up to 15% by the 2020s with an average increase in temperature of +1°C, and by up to 25% if temperatures increased by up to 2°C for the 2050s. Adaptation strategies showed that, if the crop were sown between 14 days (for 2020) and 21 days (for 2050) earlier than the current date (last week in February), yield losses could potentially be reduced.

International audience

Others organizations: Cirad / CIHEAM-IAMM; This report provides an overview of a study conducted in the NENA region in 2015-2016 in partnership with FAO, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM and six national teams, each of which prepared a national report. In the six countries under review in the NENA region (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Mauritania, Sudan and Tunisia), agriculture is carried out primarily by small-scale family farmers, the majority of whom run the risk of falling into the poverty trap, largely due to the continuous fragmentation of inherited landholdings. As such, the development of small-scale family farming can no longer be based solely on intensifying agriculture, as the farmers are not able to produce sufficient marketable surplus due to the limited size of their landholdings. An approach based strictly on agricultural activity is also insufficient (as small-scale family farms have already diversified their livelihoods with off-farm activities). In fact, developing small-scale farming cannot be achieved by focusing strictly on the dimension of production.

Introduction - Satisfying the growing demand for agricultural products while improving N input efficiency in Mediterranean cereal systems (Hochman et al., 2013) will require significant change in cropping systems structure and management. Our hypothesis, developed from the concepts of eco-efficiency (Keating et al., 2010) is that it is possible to obtain a better compromise between production and resource efficiency by adopting transformational technologies, such as changing genotype or by temporal and/or spatial diversification of crops. In this study, the hypothesis is tested on rotation as a temporal complexification of a cereal system structure. We addressed the following question: does crop rotation allow for a better trade-off between nitrogen efficiency and yield of Durum wheat in farmers conditions and how far can it compensate for the reduction of area allocated to wheat? Materials and Methods - We introduced in the efficiency analysis two intermediate variables between nitrogen supply and grain yield in order to establish a four-quadrant diagram (Fig 1). Nitrogen uptake was used, on the right of this diagram, to separate the efficiencies of resource capture and resource conversion (De Wit, 1992). On the left, N-efficiency was introduced as intermediate variable, in order to visualize trade-offs between efficiencies and production or input. In each quadrant we established boundary curves which represent the maximum achievable performances (yield, N uptake, N efficiency) when the input (here N fertilizer) is the only limiting factor. This framework has been tested on 432 “agronomic situations” (climatic year, previous crop and N rate) of Durum wheat in farmers' fields representative of the diversity of farmers practices in four regions of Tunisia. Results and Discussion - Nitrogen capture by Durum wheat is benchmarked against boundary curves that represent achievable nitrogen uptake when nitrogen supply is the only limiting factor (Fig 1.A).These boundary curves were significantly different according to the preceding crop. The highest achievable N absorbed was found for irrigated wheat grown after vegetables (CM_Dwi), followed by rainfed wheat grown after legumes (LG_Dwr). In contrast, the lowest achievable N absorbed was found for rainfed wheat in a cereal-wheat rotation (CE_Dwr), revealing the poor N-capture potential of rotation sequences based on cereals only. Our method of estimation of N absorbed (Fig 1.B) does not allow discussion of the effect of the preceding crop on the efficiency of N conversion into grain but experimental data showed that this factor does not break the proportionality of yield to N absorbed. The equations of boundary curves of quadrants A and B allowed us to establish the trade-off curves between N efficiency and an objective of grain production (Fig 1.C) or of N fertilizer use (Fig 1.D). They show that in cereal-based systems of Tunisia high N efficiency can be obtained but only with low level of fertilization and grain yield. Changing the preceding crop into legume does not change this tendency but creates a new efficiency frontier which allows both an increase in Yield and N efficiency (Fig 1.C), especially if the level of N fertilizer used on this area has to be limited for environmental purposes (Fig 1.D). In irrigated systems, where wheat is grown after vegetable, these shifts in the efficiency frontiers are sufficiently high to compensate for the reduction of Durum wheat area in a 3 years rotation, especially at low level of N fertilization. Conclusions - This four quadrant framework allows to combine process-based (right part) and design oriented (left part) analysis of food production vs. resource use in cropping systems, making use of easy to access data in farmers fields. It showed the breakthrough which can be obtained in high production-low N input cereal-based systems through crop diversification and irrigation. Nevertheless the level and frequency of N absorption efficiency gaps for each preceding crop suggest that there are other crop management factors to be taken into account in farmers' fields.

International audience

Chapitre 8; International audience; Alors que l’Agenda 2030 est conçu comme un cadre global, peu de discussions ont jusqu’à présent porté sur sa déclinaison en Méditerranée, une région aux caractéristiques uniques, à l’intégration politique limitée et confrontée à des défis particuliers. Malgré de nombreuses avancées pour atteindre les OMD dans la région, plusieurs difficultés demeurent pour garantir à la fois la sécurité alimentaire et inverser le processus de dégradation des ressources naturelles. Le gaspillage de ces dernières constitue un frein majeur au développement rural et agricole durable, tandis que le déficit de connaissances environnementales locales est étroitement lié à leur disparition. Ce chapitre met en lumière les principaux défis auxquels sont confrontées l’agriculture méditerranéenne et les ressources naturelles de la région, dans le contexte de l’Agenda 2030 vers les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), en exposant les améliorations notables et les efforts à réaliser pour atteindre les nouveaux objectifs de développement durable (ODD). Il présente en particulier les principales initiatives régionales en matière de durabilité rurale et agricole avant d’aborder en détail les implications et les exigences liées à la mise en oeuvre de l’Agenda 2030 aux échelles régionale, nationale et locale.

International audience; La certification de la qualité des produits alimentaires par des signes officiels de qualité représente un enjeu majeur de développement des filières alimentaires en Europe et dans les pays du Sud. La demande de certification est généralement initiée par les producteurs dans un objectif soit offensif de valorisation sur le marché ou défensif pour se prémunir des contrefaçons. La réglementation européenne exige que toute démarche de demande de certification se fasse par un collectif organisé en coopérative ou en groupement de producteurs. Cette exigence se traduit sur le terrain par un processus entrepreneurial de création d’une organisation collective de coordination et de promotion des produits ainsi certifiés. Dans le contexte algérien, l’opportunité de la création d’une IG (Indication Géographique) Huile d’Olive de Bouira, soutenue par les politiques publiques, fait émerger deux initiatives : l’une collective autour d’une coopérative de producteurs organisée pour la mise en place de l’IG, l’autre privée portée par un propriétaire individuel basée sur une marque commerciale. Nous proposons dans cet article d’étudier ces deux initiatives, de les comparer et d’en identifier les facteurs de succès respectifs. Cette étude de cas nous offre l’occasion de contribuer au débat sur la transférabilité du système européen de certification de la qualité des produits et du rôle de l’environnement dans le succès ou l’échec du processus entrepreneurial.

Chapter 12; International audience; Chemical contamination of fresh produce through pesticide spraying is considered a minor risk for consumer health. As a result, significant responsibility in food safety may be shifted to the private sector by public agencies. The involvement of the private sector is even greater when fresh produce is sold to safety-conscious consumers, given the high exposure of retailers' commercial reputation. This chapter focuses on public and private management of food safety risks, and the determinants thereof in the fresh produce industry of two contrasting Mediterranean countries: Morocco and Turkey. Based on expert surveys and face-to-face interviews with a large number of tomato growers, it provides insight into how and why different players are managing and controlling safety risks. A clear distinction is made between firm-scale factors at growing and shipping levels and country-wide factors, especially recent developments in markets and regulatory institutions. Both significantly influence the level of safety management in greenhouses, the adoption of good agricultural practices and integrated pest management. All factors should be taken into consideration simultaneously to understand the respective contributions of public and private operators in the safety risk management of the fresh produce chain.

Publication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM). Publication of the LACTIMED project (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM); Cette brochure finale illustre les réalisations et l’impact du projet LACTIMED, après 3 ans de mise en œuvre (décembre 2012 - décembre 2015): http://www.animaweb.org/fr/brochure-finale-projet-europeen-lactimed

Publication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM); Les recommandations présentées dans ce livre blanc sont un plaidoyer s’adressent aux décideurs institutionnels en charge des politiques publiques tant au niveau national, régional que territorial. Elles visent à les sensibiliser d’une part, aux contraintes qui pèsent sur la filière laitière et d’autre part, à la mise en œuvre d’actions pour valoriser pleinement les produits laitiers locaux typiques. Ces recommandations, formulées par les différents acteurs de la filière laitière dans le cadre d’études de terrain, plaident pour un soutien institutionnel fort et pragmatique afin de créer des conditions favorables pour une filière laitière plus forte et porteuse d’un développement local inclusif.

International audience; LACTIMED est un projet de coopération transfrontalière financé par l’Union européenne dans le cadre du programme IEVP CT MED. Son objectif est de renforcer la production et la distribution de produits laitiers typiques et innovants en Méditerranée par l’organisation des filières locales, l’accompagnement des producteurs dans leurs projets de développement et la création de nouveaux débouchés pour leurs produits. Plus d’une centaine d’actions ont été menées de novembre 2012 à décembre 2015 en associant différents acteurs aux compétences complémentaires : universitaires, professionnels, pôles d’innovation, chambres de commerce, réseaux, autorités publiques. Impliquant six pays (Egypte, France, Grèce, Italie, Liban et Tunisie), ces actions ont été mises en oeuvre sur cinq territoires pilotes: Alexandrie et Beheira en Egypte, la Thessalie en Grèce, la Bekaa au Liban, la Sicile en Italie et Bizerte et Béja en Tunisie. L’étape initiale de diagnostic des filières laitières locales et des débouchés existants a jeté les bases des actions collectives menées auprès des PME dans chacun des territoires, en particulier la création de 8 projets pilotes de clusters permettant de résoudre des problèmes communs aux entreprises, d’accroître leur compétitivité ou encore la qualité et la commercialisation de leurs produits. LACTIMED a également accompagné et financé les innovateurs dans leurs projets de développement, et contribué à la promotion et la commercialisation des produits laitiers typiques des entreprises bénéficiaires. Cet article présente l’approche adoptée pour la mise en oeuvre de ces différentes actions et les principaux résultats obtenus.

Communication orale; International audience

Publication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM). Publication of the LACTIMED project (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM); This final brochure highlights the achievements and impact of the LACTIMED project after 3 years of implementation (December 2012 - December 2015) : http://www.animaweb.org/en/lactimed-european-project-final-brochure

Communication orale. MED-ESCWET project; International audience

International audience; In Albania, the process of devolution of forests and pastures began in the late 1990s and is not yet complete. Theoretically, the challenge is to transfer management and property rights of 60% of forest and pasture lands from the national level to the local government units (LGUs). However, the implementation of this national process at the local scale revealed an extremely complex chronology, which is confusing for many actors. As a key to understanding, we broke the complexity down into three intertwining processes (legal, political and administrative) that are de facto the cause of many uncertainties in management accountability and property rights over forests and pastureland. Next we examined how the implementation of the devolution process is linked with local uses and village practises. Rather than simple dualism, which would set local tradition against modern legislation, we propose to go beyond the diversity of local situations versus the need for a common legal framework at national level, to promote embedded local initiatives and pilot projects to test the iterative national institutional design for forestry management.; En Albanie, le processus de dévolution des forêts et des pâturages entrepris dès la fin des années 1990 n’est pas encore terminé. Théoriquement, il s’agissait de transférer la gestion et la propriété de 60 % des terres forestières et des pâturages du niveau national vers les unités administratives locales (UAL). Cependant, la mise en oeuvre sur le terrain de ce processus national atteste d’une chronologie extrêmement complexe, source de confusion pour de nombreux acteurs. Nous proposons ainsi trois clefs de lecture (gouvernance, design institutionnel, droits de propriété) afin de déconstruire la complexité de ce processus et d’identifier les incertitudes ainsi créées en termes de responsabilité de gestion et droits d’usages sur ces territoires. Il s’agira ensuite de comprendre comment ce processus interagit au niveau local, à travers l’étude de cas de trois communes du nord de l’Albanie, dans le district de Lezhë. Nous adopterons une analyse systématique des pratiques et usages qui caractérisent les forêts et pâturages à l’échelle villageoise, afin de mettre en avant des usages multiples, sur des espaces qui se superposent et s’entrecroisent, en fonction de la ressource considérée. Nous montrerons également comment ces différents niveaux de pratiques ne mobilisent pas les mêmes logiques d’action, ni les mêmes échelles de décision et appellent à une triple relecture des enjeux du processus national de dévolution.