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This study examines the impact of Hofstede's six cultural dimensions, namely power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term/short-term orientation on organizational behavior by comparing Indonesia with four different cultures: Vietnam, China, Taiwan, and France. It analyzes six scores in five different countries using a literature review on Hofstede's dimensions. With each dimension expressed on a scale of 0 to 100, In addition, this study translates the six dimensions into helping develop successful international business organizations. The results showed that Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, and France all have a significant influence on organizational culture within the organization. In these countries, they show high levels of delegation of authority to employees, low levels of individualism and collectivism in China, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Vietnam, high levels of individualism in France, and masculinity and femininity, as well as uncertainty. On the long-orientation dimension, China and Taiwan score the highest among France, Indonesia, and Vietnam regarding indulgence versus restraint in combination with high scores on uncertainty avoidance, implying that Taiwanese and French are less relaxed and enjoy life less often than is usually assumed. that their actions are constrained by social norms. JEL classification numbers: D23, O19. Keywords: Hofstede’s dimension, National culture, Organizational culture, Organizational behavior.

This paper examines the validity of the growth hypothesis underlying exports within the context of the developing country sector, given the life of a general marketplace among countries. It used annual data from developing countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 2009 to 2018 and analyzed the impact of capital, employment, land and exports on the import sector on agricultural growth. The method used is Estimated generalized least square (EGLS) panel data analysis. The results of the study show that, in an Export Led Growth (ELG) scenario, data exists for analysis in eight ASEAN countries, specifically Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. Production input factors (capital, labor and land) have a significant and positive impact on agricultural economic growth, while trade factors (exports and imports) have a negative impact on economic growth. In order to expand the contribution of the agricultural sector, capital, labor and agricultural land must be large enough to have a positive impact on agricultural growth. JEL classification numbers: J43. Keywords: Agricultural export, Agricultural growth, Free trade, Developing countries.

This study aims to examine the efficiency of the weak form market in the pharmaceutical and telecommunications sectors in the Indonesian capital market during the 2017-2020 period (1 January 2017 – 30 December 2020) and the 2020 Covid-19 period (1 January 2020 – 30 December 2020). The data used in this study is daily stock closing prices. Jarque-Bera normality test, Ljung Box autocorrelation test to assess serial dependencies, run test, and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) to test the random walk hypothesis were among the statistical tests utilized. The pharmaceutical and telecommunications sectors were in poor shape during the research period, according to the findings. This research offers guidance to potential funders as well as future researchers. JEL classification numbers: G14, G19. Keywords: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Random Walk Hypothesis, Covid-19.

Background: Advertising media are frequently employet as promotial media to disseminate information about produducts. The aspect of celebrity endorser's profile is their level of attractiveness, another aspect their credibility and domain knowledge. Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of attractiveness, credibility, and expertise of celebrity endorsers on purchasing decisions. Method : Experimental research techniques are 59 participants were utilize as the experimental and 60 participants as the control. The data for this study were derived from responses of participants who had received various treatments prior to the distribution of the questionnair. Result : The variable attraction (X1) of the celebrity endorser to the purchase decision (Y) has a value of 0.011 and a significant t-count value of 4.891 at = 0.05 (one-way) t-table value of 1.986. The t-count value > the t-table. The credibility variable (X2) of the celebrity endorser to the purchase decision (Y) has a value of 0.085 and a significant t-count value of 3.426 at = 0.05 (one-way) table t value of 1.986. The t-count value > the t-table. The skill variable (X3) of the celebrity endorser to the purchase decision (Y) has a value of 0.051 and a t-count value of 2.416 is significant at = 0.05 (one-way) t-table value 1986. T-count value > t -table. Conclusion: The results in this study showed that the celebrity endorser variable (X1), credibility variable (X2) and skill variable (X3) had a positive and significant correlation effect on purchasing decisions (Y).

The family business is among the oldest forms of business organization. Taiwan’s family businesses have been continuously operating with family control for decades. This study investigates how to reduce future barriers to succession and especially to focus on the issue related to existing contradictions between founders and successors. This study adopts a qualitative research, carrying out in-depth interviews with four aspects composed of succession plan, connections and conflicts, willingness of successor, and competence of successor, and using four pairs of father and son as our research sample. By exploring how high-quality relationships could be developed between next-generation family businesses’ leaders, the findings result of this study contributes to a finer-grained understanding of successful intergenerational succession in SME family businesses. JEL classification numbers: B55, C83, L21. Keywords: Family business, Inheritance, Succession plan.

Numerous studies have focused on the ripple effect in housing markets; however, these studies often fail to grasp the critical role of commercial real estate land use when forming a real estate portfolio. We argue that spreading an investment across various land-use assets—namely, diversification—may be effective in stabilizing and balancing China’s housing market through the introduction of the ripple effect. In six Chinese mega-cities, the cointegration system is initially used to prove the existence of ripple effects. A causality test can then identify the source cities: Beijing and Chongqing in the residential market, and Shenzhen and Chongqing in the commercial market. Finally, the authorities should enforce the differentiated measures by “depressing the housing market while encouraging the commercial market” in the respective target cities; this approach could efficiently ripple out to other cities. It is believed that the policy of land resources diversification can enable the Chinese real estate market to achieve more sustainable development.

Local wisdom is increasingly crucial to preserve rural societies’ self-confidence and solidarity spirits in boosting economic growth. Notwithstanding the success of microfinance groups in East Sumba, Indonesia, the problem related to a small capital base exists. In this respect, adhering to local wisdom likely develops social entrepreneurship to strengthen the microfinance group’s capital base. This research investigates how local wisdom affects social entrepreneurship and microfinance sustainability. Data are collected by distributing questionnaires to microfinance stakeholders and analyzing the partial least squares-structural equation model. The findings show that local wisdom plays an essential role in social entrepreneurship development to ensure the stability of microfinance. In other words, rural microfinance sustainability can perform the mediating role as hypothesized. It implies that policy-making by the local government related to social enterprise development and microfinance sustainability may consider local wisdom. Thus, all stakeholders need to create conducive environments to increase the development of social entrepreneurship.

Taiwan’s non-profit organizations (NPOs) have flourished in various service fields and become a third party of concatenation with government and business community. Numerous NPOs involve their activities in cross-organizational cooperation with the governments and the private enterprises, and take important roles and functions in our modern society. However, because of the fierce competitions in market and the rapid social changes, NPOs are facing the same management issues with profit making organizations, such as financial difficulties or lack of resources. Therefore, this study aims to discuss whether or not NPOs should be granted the benefit of tax-free or tax-exemption based on diverse perspectives, such as subsidy argument, organization’s public welfare and nature based on donatives theory, viewpoint of defining, measuring and assessing tax base, altruism theory and sovereignty theory. This study combines the interview and questionnaires to explore the issue on NPO management. A total of participants are 395 interviewees and amongst them, only 180 respondents have filled out the valid questionnaires. In our conclusion, we find that people mostly agree the NPO’s taxexemption, and however, the degree of participants’ approval for donors’ income and inheritance tax-relief is more than the degree of the NPOs itself. JEL classification numbers: A10, D71, H51. Keywords: Non-profit organization, Public welfare, Tax-exemption, Donation.

The world was shocked by the uncertainty surrounding the end of the COVID-19 epidemic, which had an impact on socio-economic inequality that claimed lives, especially in Indonesia. Pancasila is the basis of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and is the philosophy and way of life of the Indonesian nation. The purpose of this research is to reflect the soul and personality of the Indonesian people, making them more resilient and creative in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and able to improve the life of society, nation and state. This study uses a literature study approach that collects various data and facts from several documents related to the research problem. Based on the results of research, national values, such as religious values, human values, and harmony values, can be used as guidelines for behavior and attitudes in dealing with difficulties in the COVID-19 area.

Vietnamese stock market exists in one of the most dynamic emerging countries in East Asia. As expected, stock market has worked well to push up Vietnamese economy. Due to the information asymmetry, investors often rely on the dividend payment as an indicator to predict the company’s future prospects. Dividend payout policy is a significant concern of financial managers’ in shareholding firms and outside investors’ decision-making. The aim of dividend payout policy is to allocate retained earnings for reinvestment and dividends for shareholders. This research investigates the determinants of dividend payout policy in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in Vietnam, an emerging stock market that was officially established in July, 2000. Additionally, this research evaluates whether the factors affect company’s dividend policy such as profitability, firm size, financial leverage and growth rate, etc. This research data is collected from enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market in the period of 2014-2018 with 756 observations, and analyzed by Ordinary Least Square model and Fixed Effect model and Random Effect model. Based on the Hausman Specification Test result, Fixed Effect model is the most consistent model of examining the factors affecting the dividend payout policy. JEL Classification: C22, E27, G15. Keywords: Dividend payout policy, Vietnamese stock market, Ordinary least square, Fixed effect model.

This study examines whether nonlinear co-integration exists between real estate investment trusts (REITs) and corresponding stock markets in the United States and Australia. Moreover, we employ the smooth-transition, vector-error correction model (STVECM) including the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to separately explore the adjustment efficiencies of the short-run REITs and corresponding stock returns in dynamics. The empirical results demonstrate that there is a nonlinear co-integration with structural breaks between the equity and mortgage REITs and stock markets in the US as well as between the REITs and stock markets in Australia. When large positive and negative deviations of STVECM exist, the speed of equilibrium adjustment of the S&P 500 index is greater than that of the Mortgage REITs index. Additionally, the higher the equilibrium adjustment of Australian/US REITs index, the greater the reversion of Australian/US REITs index. Meanwhile, this study is also interested in finding out whether the REIT indices in the US or Australia would serve as a leading indicator for price movements. The result findings may provide a good reference for the investors’ investment engaged in the areas of these two countries. JEL Classification: C22, D53, G14, L85. Keywords: REITs, STVECM, Nonlinear Granger causality, GARCH.

Considering the importance of pro-environmental issues, this study aims to determine the impact of level of employee education and pro-environmental intention on pro-environmental behavior based on stimulus–organism–response theory. There was a total of 425 respondents participating in the survey. This study was conducted during the period of March–June 2022. The data were analyzed using partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that the level of employee education has a positive impact on pro-environmental intention. In addition, pro-environmental intention has a significant impact on pro-environment behavior. Overall, this study sheds light on stimulus–organism–response theory in the context of Indonesia.

The patent trend analysis provides sound knowledge about the possibility of exploring potential innovation/R&D and gives an insight into which countries and companies are mostly investing in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies involved with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) medical care. By comparing patent indicators changes of two decades from 2001 to 2020, the most active countries and companies are identified to provide perceptions of global patent variations. In line with this, we apply a comprehensive software INNOVUE to analyze the patent trend based on the Worldwide Patent Office database. According to previous research, 315 patents are selected as the appropriate patent analysis data. The analysis result is a series of trend maps that show the trend of patent development from the early stage to current changes. This study findings evaluate government’s/company’s concern and motivation about the investment in R&D capability of AI technology related patents, and indicate who plays the main role around the world regarding the application of AI combined with NSCLC medical treatment. JEL classification numbers: C80, D81, E27. Keywords: Patent trend analysis, Artificial intelligence technologies, NSCLC.

In this research, the sustainability and global sourcing competitiveness of international cruise ships is studied. The sustainability and competitiveness is just like two sides of a coin. On one hand, reducing the pollution and raw material waste is not only to protect our precious nature resources, but also to bring the cost down. On the other hand, a good global sourcing decision could deliver the cost saving and also keep the cruise ship industry towards the sustainable way. Therefore, in order to reach the goals of sustainability and competitiveness, the cruise ships may apply the current common practice of value analysis and value engineering to identify the possible global sourcing opportunity. This short exploratory paper outlines some of the characteristics of value analysis and value engineering, as illustrated by sustainability of global sourcing competitiveness. Eventually, the discussion of this paper provides some implications for international cruise ship companies. JEL classification numbers: F16, F60, Q23. Keywords: Value Analysis, Value Engineering, Sustainability, Global Sourcing.

This research aims to explore the advantage and disadvantage of hiring foreign migrant laborers by small-scale fisheries (SSFs) toward rural coastal areas. The targeted groups are migrant fishermen coming from Indonesia who work onboard Taiwan’s fishing boats within Nanfangao area. First of all, we outline the importance of SSFs, particularly in developing countries. Many SSFs are characterized by self-governing mechanisms that have significant conservation value. This study is not only an exploratory research to find out and discover the range and scope of issues and concepts, but also is an explanatory research to explain how or why things are used to predict, which is carried out to investigate in a timely manner a phenomenon, that has not been studied before, or has not been well explained previously. As a result, this study indicates that the future research needs to demand priority and generate operational definitions for building a better-researched model. JEL classification numbers: F16, F60, H13. Keywords: Foreign Migrant Labor, Small-Scale Fisheries, Rural Coastal Areas.

Background: The mission of PT HM Sampoerna is to give adult smokers in Indonesia the best smoking experience possible. One of the reasons for the company's success is the work of supply chain management within PT HM Sampoerna. Aim: The goals of this study are to see what factors influence supply chain management techniques in the cigarette sector in Indonesia, with a focus on PT HM Sampoerna Indonesia, to create supply chain management practices in PT HM Sampoerna, to evaluate the efficacy of PT HM Sampoerna's supply chain management, and to identify factors impacting supply chain management in PT HM Sampoerna. Method: This research employs case study research, direct interviews with corporate employees, and secondary approaches such as industry and company websites. Findings: The management of the supply chain is generally highly successful. Because they only employ one distributor, PT HM Sampoerna's supply chain management is distinctive. PT Sampoerna gained various benefits that influence the performance of the organization after unifying its supply chain management.

(1) Background: A charity thrift store commonly takes on employees with disabilities, but such a business model creates many challenges to overcome, as will be described. This research focuses on the satisfaction of such individuals taking service-learning courses. (2) Methods: The five management functions are planning, organization, leadership, coordination, and control. Service-learning students learn management theory to apply in practice. To test the quality of their learning, a reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and T-test were carried out using the questionnaire survey method. (3) Results: First, there is a need for education, training, and process improvements for internal staff. Then, efforts must be made to improve customers’ perception of the charity thrift store, e.g., via beautification. Beyond that, institutional promotion may be an option, as are social media posting suggestions. Finally, real serving experience enables those in training to engage in critical self-reflection. The results of the questionnaire survey show that the students most satisfied with the service-learning training are those seeking to work in social care, rather than retail, but that all service-learning students were at least somewhat satisfied with the training provided. Significant differences were observed in service-learning satisfaction related to the students’ gender and identity. (4) Conclusions: Students’ self-reflections can enhance their self-growth and problem-solving skills. Additionally, this management course awakens respect among the students for those with disabilities. After their satisfaction is reviewed, college students are willing to continue to participate in the service-learning. This course offers sustainable results by supplying a steady stream of trained workers to charity thrift stores.

The present study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on compliance with IFRS and financial reporting quality, especially focusing on non-audit service and accountant’s tenure. The adoption of IFRS is launched in Taiwan since 2012. The study aims to investigate this issue using a sample of 3997 data gathered from listed companies traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange and OTC over the period from 2012 up to 2019. The results show the evidence to support that the collective effect of non-audit services/accountant’s tenure on audit quality has changed to be more influential. This research findings also open valuable insights to regulators, stock markets, practitioners, and academicians in this issue. JEL classification numbers: D22, G32, M41. Keywords: IFRS, Non-audit services, Accountant’s tenure.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the appropriate assessment model for examining the relationship between corporate ethics and organizational performance. First, this study discusses the level of ethical cognition of employees, and then, discusses whether corporate ethics whatever internal and external factors are related to organizational performance. Also, this paper states the ethics of employees from the aspects of laws and regulations, employee’s interests, organizational mission, and so on. Company’s ability of implementing corporate ethics is also an important factor of affecting the practitioner’s cognition concerning about corporate ethics and further manipulating organizational business performance. Those companies with belief in doing good corporate ethics have created better organizational performance. The result findings of this study can benefit both academic researchers and practitioners gain new insights in quantifying organizational performance by focusing on the perspective of corporate ethics. JEL classification numbers: J53, L21, M10. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, Organizational Performance.

This study attempts to examine the determinant factors influencing the degree of audit risk, specially focusing on the professional accountant in business operations. We adopt the methodology of comprehensive AHP framework combined with DEMATE analysis. Herewith, this study categorizes five main criteria: control environment, risk assessment, audit control, monitoring activities, and information and communication, as well as fifteen sub-criteria. This study result findings may provide some important implications or recommendations for accountant’s practice, and meanwhile may contribute suggestions for future researchers’ making a breakthrough in theory. JEL classification numbers: C52 M41 M42. Keywords: Audit risk, Accountant, AHP, DEMATE.

This research uses the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and Analytic Network Process (DEMATEL-Based ANP) analysis to examine the Taiwan’s experience for preventing COVID-19. We use the eight factors to fight COVID-19 as listed by Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare such as SARS experience, Central Epidemic Command Center, Information Transparency, Good resource allocation, Timely border control, Smart community transmission prevention, Advanced medical technology, Good etiquette of a citizen. The result findings present the key factors for success and their interrelationships with each other. This study would be expected as a reference for suggesting other countries those are working together to fight COVID-19. JEL classification numbers: A10, D71, H51. Keywords: Key success factors, COVID-19, DEMATEL-based ANP.

Enterprise organizational performance refers to the number, quality, efficiency and profitability of tasks completed by individual members of an organization in a certain period of time. The realization of enterprise organizational performance should be based on the realization of individual performance, but the realization of individual performance does not necessarily guarantee that the enterprise organization has performance. If the performance of an enterprise organization is broken down to every job and every person according to a certain logical relationship, as long as each person meets the requirements of the enterprise organization, the performance of the enterprise organization can be achieved. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a well-designed indicator system according to the strategic requirements of the enterprise organization. According to Kaplan and Norton, BSC is a tool for performance management. The management tools of its business strategy measure the business situation of the enterprise from four aspects: finance, customers, internal process of the enterprise, learning and growth, so as to improve the organizational performance, from a to a +, towards the long-term development of the enterprise. It decomposes the strategic objectives of the enterprise into various specific and balanced performance evaluation index systems, and evaluates the realization of these evaluation indexes in different periods of time, and continuously modifies and improves them, so as to establish a reliable basis for the completion of the strategic objectives of the enterprise. Therefore, this study explores the use of BSC in business management strategy framework, through the logical analysis of experts and scholars, to find out the appropriate criteria; to establish a complete business management system, so as to contribute to the operation of business strategy for improving organizational performance, establishing customer value, and making the business sustainable. JEL classification numbers: D23, C52, K32. Keywords: Organizational Performance, Balanced Scorecard, Operation.

The empirical analysis applies the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to investigate the relationship between money supply, inflation and economic growth in China with the time series data from 1980 to 2018, estimate the cointegration of monetary and economic growth in long-run relationship and uses vector error correction model to determine the short-run adjustment between the variables. The research showed that the increase in national income met people's demand for goods and eased inflationary pressures. The results support the view of monetarism and help the government formulate economic policies in a prudent manner to control inflation in China. JEL classification numbers: A10, E52, P44 Keywords: ARDL bounds test, Long-Run, Monetary Neutrality.

Information technology and advanced online environments have reduced the cost of these exchange activities and triggered the emergence of the sharing economy. Con-sequently, public attitude toward the sharing economy has gradually shifted from re-luctance to acceptance. Moreover, the sharing economy has revolutionized the busi-ness models and viewpoints of conventional industries, and sharing service providers have gradually shifted from an independent to a collaborative stance, thereby affect-ing conventional economies. This study interprets the phenomenon of cross-industry collaboration in the sharing economy through social exchange and social network the-ories. A multiple-case research framework is used to examine tourism and service in-dustries. Secondary data of service providers and users on sharing platforms are ana-lyzed using content analysis, supplemented with a content analysis of the interview data of three hotel executives. The varying phenomena of the conventional and shar-ing economies on social exchange and social network were compared. Finally, this paper proposes conclusions and practical recommendations according to the analytical results. JEL classification numbers: D85, M31, L14. Keywords: Cross-Industry Collaboration, Sharing Economy, Social Exchange, Social Network.

The importance of this study in bridging the gap between existing research literature works by analysing the influence of green marketing and awareness of the green brand on customer satisfaction of mineral water products. The analysis adopted a quantitative and analytical approach by administering structured questionnaires. The questionnaire developed based on the objectives of the research and the analysis of the relevant literature on green marketing, green brand awareness, and customer satisfaction. The results revealed green marketing had no influence on customer satisfaction in the case of the Pristine 8 + bottled mineral water customers. However, it was found that green brand awareness has a positive influence on customer satisfaction. Green marketing and green brand awareness simultaneously have a positive influence on customer satisfaction of the Pristine 8 + bottled mineral water brand. This study expands the scientific literature by providing empirical evidence on green marketing, green brand awareness on customer satisfaction that also can use as a consideration that might help companies to make decisions that will allow them to surpass their competitors through green marketing and green brand awareness, and to meet their customer satisfaction.

In this study, we present the Mongolian stock market’s performance post phenomenal financial crisis of 2008-2009, opportunities to invest and the risks problems. For analysis of the study, we used financial portfolio optimization models with restricted structure, mathematical statistic methods and financial methods. First, we considered about portfolio optimization in the Mongolian Stock Exchange using Markowitz’s modern portfolio theory and Telser’s safety first model. We used MSE weekly trading data chosen 50 most traded stocks out of 237 stocks listed at the MSE between 2009 and 2013. We generated 50 weeks mean-variance portfolio and safety first portfolio for 2014 and discussed. We considered weekly investment in the MSE using mean-variance portfolio andsafety first portfolio. The mean-variance portfolio has the best performance of weekly portfolio return with average weekly return and cumulative return. We found stable portfolio against investing risk and did back-test the result. For prospect investors in the MSE, we suggest invest and earn high return in the MSE.

In this paper, the effects of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and exports on economic growth in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Plus Three countries are explored. The panel data of a total of 13 countries pertaining to the period from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed. Based on the result of the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test, the data fit to the random effect model. In a similar fashion, the Wald test suggests that there is no endogeneity problem in the given model. Furthermore, the results of the Hausman and Chow test also indicate that the random effect model is the most effective model to describe the effects of FDIs and exports on economic growth. The results prove that FDIs positively impact economic growth. In addition, exports also have a positive and meaningful effect on economic growth. Overall, the paper empirically confirms FDI-led growth and export-led growth. To conclude, the findings indicate the fact that FDIs and exports are crucial for boosting the economic growth of the ASEAN+3 countries. The ASEAN+3 region remains quite an attractive destination for international companies around the world when FDIs and trade are concerned.

This study aims to confirm the existence of Okun's coefficients in Indonesia. Authors conducted panel data of 34 provinces in Indonesia for the period from 2014 to 2019, obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The data were analyzed by using the panel data model and Panel Granger Causality. The Panel Granger causality analysis results show that there was one-way causality between the economic growth and the unemployment. It was caused by several influencing factors, such as education level, population, and employment opportunities. Based on the Fixed Effect Model and Panel Granger Causality results, authors conclude that Okun's Law has not been proven for 34 provinces in Indonesia.