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Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(HUCMSCs) in cerebral palsy (CP) mice. Methods The exosomes from HUCMSCs were verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analyzer(NTA) and Western blot. The animals were randomly divided as sham operation group (sham group, n=8), model group[CP group, n=8, hypoxic induction after unilateral common carotid artery ligation combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) infection] and model exosome group (CP-Exo group, n=8, 125 μg exosomes was injected intravenously). Neuromotor function, the ability of grasping and balance were evaluated by Longa score, grid test and pole climbing test. The pathological lesion in brain tissue was observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the synaptic structure of neurons was observed by TEM, the survival of neurons was detected by toluidine blue staining, and the expression levels of PSD-95 and synaptophysin (SYP) were detected by Western blot. Results The exosomes isolated were spherical and double-membrane vesicles with an average particle size of 123nm, which expressed TSG101 protein. In animal behavior tests, Longa score in CP group was significantly higher than sham group(P＜0.01) and CP-Exo group (P＜ 0.05). There was no plaque necrosis found in exosome group and the incidence of nerve fiber demyelination in the white matter area was significantly reduced than in the CP group (P＜0.01). The synaptic structure of the sham group was relatively normal, while the other two groups showed varying degrees of pathological changes. The general trend of pathological changes was CP group＞CP-Exo group＞ sham group. The number of Nissl bodies in hippocampal pyramidal cells in CP group was significantly less than that in sham group(P＜0.01), however, which was also less than that in CP-Exo group (P＜ 0.01). The expression of PSD-95 and SYP in CP group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P＜0.01), and the levels PSD-95 and SYP in CP-Exo group was significantly higher than those in CP group(P＜0.01). Conclusions HUCMSCs exosomes can promote the recovery of neural function of cerebral palsy mice, reduce synaptic damage and protect neuron cells by increasing the expression of PSD-95 and SYP.

Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cell(MSC-EXOs)carry lipids,proteins,nucleic acids and other signaling substances, which play an important role in intercellular communication, immune regulation and vascular regeneration. MSC-EXOs in pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis and other lung diseases can improve the function of the lung tissue and treat lung diseases by regulating different signaling pathways, reducing cell inflammatory reaction, regulating immune function, improving the function of mitochondria, promoting angiogenesis, reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling and etc.,which provides new ideas for the treatment of refractory lung diseases in the future.

The role of seed mucilage in the moist environments of monsoonal subtropics is poorly understood. We studied germination of six forb species from subtropical monsoonal China. Mucilage presence had little to no effect on germination percentage (G%), except for a significant decline for the large-seeded Prunella vulgaris. Dark treatments reduced G% for all species, while the combination of mucilage removal and high temperatures delayed the mean germination time (MGT). Seed fresh mass was negatively correlated with G%, but only for intact seeds incubated at 12/12 hours of 25/35 [degrees]C. The MGT of de-mucilaged seeds varied with seed shape index, also under the warmer temperature regime. Temperature and light are fundamental to drive germination processes, and the presence of mucilage influences MGT of subtropical monsoonal species. Presence or absence of mucilage had little to no difference in germination percentage, but can be important to drive germination timing, also promoting water uptake and seed adhesion to soil. Key words: mucilage, germination, photoperiod, seed traits, temperature, forbs Le role du mucilage des graines dans les environnements humides des regions subtropicales de mousson est mal compris. Les auteurs ont etudie la germination de six especes d'herbes non gramineennes de la Chine subtropicale de mousson. La presence de mucilage n'avait que peu ou pas d'effet sur le pourcentage de germination (G%), a l'exception d'une baisse significative chez Prunella vulgaris a grosses graines. Les traitements a l'obscurite reduisaient le G% chez toutes les especes, tandis que la combinaison de l'elimination du mucilage et des temperatures elevees retardait le temps moyen de germination (TMG). La masse fraiche des graines etait negativement correlee avec le G%, mais seulement chez les graines intactes incubees 12/12 heures a 25/35 [degrees]C. Le TMG des graines demucilaginees variait en fonction de l'indice de forme des graines, egalement sous un regime de temperatures plus chaudes. La temperature et la lumiere sont fondamentales pour mener les processus de germination, et la presence de mucilage influence le TMG des especes subtropicales de mousson. Il n'y avait que peu ou pas de differences dans le pourcentage de germination en fonction de la presence ou de l'absence de mucilage, mais celui-ci peut etre important pour determiner le moment de la germination, favorisant egalement l'absorption d'eau et l'adhesion des graines au sol. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : mucilage, germination, photoperiode, caracteristiques des graines, temperature, herbes non gramineennes, Introduction The production of mucilage on a seed/fruit dispersal unit during hydration (myxodiaspory) can serve one of several functions. It may protect the seed from predators and pathogens (Kreitschitz 2012; [...]