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463 results on '"Chen, L.C."'

2. Cardiopulmonary Inflammatory Response to Meteorite Dust Exposures - Implications for Human Health on Earth and Beyond

Author

Harrington, A. D, McCubbin, F. M, Kaur, J, Vander Kaaden, K. E, Smirnov, A, Galdanes, K, Schoonen, M. A. A, Chen, L.C, and Gordon, T

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

This year marks the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11, the first time humans set foot on the Moon. The Apollo missions not only help answer questions related to our solar system, they also highlight many hazards associated with human space travel. One major concern is the effect of extraterrestrial dust on astronaut health. In an effort to expand upon previous work indicating lunar dust is respirable and reactive, the authors initiated an extensive study evaluating the role of a particulate’s innate geochemical features (e.g., bulk chemistry, internal composition, morphology, size, and reactivity) in generating adverse toxicological responses in vitro and in vivo. To allow for a broader planetary and geochemical assessment, seven samples were evaluated: six meteorites from either the Moon, Mars, or Asteroid 4 Vesta and a terrestrial basalt analogue. Even with the relatively small geochemical differences (all samples basaltic in nature), significant difference in cardiopulmonary inflammatory markers developed in both single exposure and multiple exposure studies. More specifically: 1) the single exposure studies reveal relationships between toxicity and a meteorite sample’s origin, its pre-ejected state (weathered versus un-weathered), and geochemical features (e.g. bulk iron content) and 2) multiple exposure studies reveal a correlation with particle derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and neutrophil infiltration. Extended human exploration will further increase the probability of inadvertent and repeated exposures to extraterrestrial dusts. This comprehensive dataset allows for not only the toxicological evaluation of extraterrestrial materials but also clarifies important correlations between geochemistry and health. The utilization of an array of extraterrestrial samples from Moon, Mars, and asteroid 4Vesta will enable the development of a geochemical based toxicological hazard model that can be used for: 1) mission planning, 2) rapid risk assessment in cases of unexpected exposures, and 3) evaluation of the efficacy of various in situ techniques in gauging surface dust toxicity. Furthermore, by better understanding the importance of geochemical features on exposure related health outcomes in space, it is possible to better understand of the deleterious nature of dust exposure on Earth.

Published
2019

24. Treating high-turbidity water using full-scale floc blanket clarifiers

Author

Lin, W.W., Sung, S.S., Chen, L.C., Chung, H.Y., Wang, C.C., Wu, R.M., Lee, D.J., Huang, Chihpin, Juang, R.S., Peng, X.F., and Chang, Hsi-Lih

Subjects
Environmental engineering -- Research, Water turbidity, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Environmental issues
Abstract

Dynamic responses of the blanket in full-scale flat-bottom type floc blanket clatters at the PingTsan Water Works, Taiwan Water Supply Corporation. were monitored given a step-change in coagulant (polyaluminum chloride, PACI) dosage. The blankets in the clarifiers were easily washed out using the conventional coagulation-clarification process (the 'single-stage process'), seriously threatening drinking water quality. Consequently, the PingTsan Water Works included a pretreatment stage before the single-stage process to enhance treatment efficiency. The performance of this full-scale 'two-stage process' for treating high-turbidity storm water was monitored on November 9 to 10. 2000. The two-stage process achieved a stable blanket and good quality clarified water that was insensitive to variation in raw water turbidity or PACI dose. Pilot tests were also conducted on October 6 to 7, 2001 to reveal performance differences between the single-stage and two-stage processes in dealing with high-turbidity water. The single-stage process yielded a blanket that was sensitive to PACI change, Not only was the produced blanket easily washed out when the PACI dose was step-decreased, it was also slow to recover when the chemical dosage was returned to its original value. The blanket yielded by the two-stage process was more robust to low coagulant dose, and recovered more easily when coagulant supply was increased. Applying the two-stage process to achieve the same effluent quality from single-stage process could significantly reduce total PACI dosage. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:12(1481) CE Database subject headings: Water treatment; Taiwan; Water distribution; Flocculation; Potable water; Water quality.

Published
2004

25. Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster

Author

Landrigan, Philip J., Lioy, Paul J., Thurston, George, Berkowitz, Gertrud, Chen, L.C., Chillrud, Steven N., Gavett, Stephen H., Georgopoulos, Panos G., Geyh, Alison S., Levin, Stephen, Perera, Frederica, Rappaport, Stephen M., and Small, Christopher

Subjects
Columbia University, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Air pollution
Abstract

The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) created an acute environmental disaster of enormous magnitude. This study characterizes the environmental exposures resulting from destruction of the WTC and assesses [...]

Published
2004

29. Growth of highly transparent nanocrystalline diamond films and a spectroscopic study of the growth

Author

Chen, L.C., Lin, S.T., Kichambare, P.D., Chen, K.H., Wu, J.-J., and Yang, J.R.

Subjects
Diamond films -- Observations, Methane -- Spectra, Methane -- Optical properties, Physics
Abstract

The effects of both the grain size of diamond powder and methane fraction in the source gas over a wide range on the microstructure and the optical transmittance of the films is investigated. Optical emission spectroscopy is employed to monitor the plasma chemistry, from which possible growth species for the films are discussed.

Published
2001

31. Deep Learning for Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor Detection and Classification: A Multi-Institutional Study

Author

Quon, J.L., primary, Bala, W., additional, Chen, L.C., additional, Wright, J., additional, Kim, L.H., additional, Han, M., additional, Shpanskaya, K., additional, Lee, E.H., additional, Tong, E., additional, Iv, M., additional, Seekins, J., additional, Lungren, M.P., additional, Braun, K.R.M., additional, Poussaint, T.Y., additional, Laughlin, S., additional, Taylor, M.D., additional, Lober, R.M., additional, Vogel, H., additional, Fisher, P.G., additional, Grant, G.A., additional, Ramaswamy, V., additional, Vitanza, N.A., additional, Ho, C.Y., additional, Edwards, M.S.B., additional, Cheshier, S.H., additional, and Yeom, K.W., additional

Published
2020
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32. X-ray absorption of Si-C-N thin films: A comparison between crystalline and amorphous phases

Author

Chang, Y.K., Hsieh, H.H., Pong, W.F., Tsai, M.H., Dann, T.E., Chien, F.Z., Tseng, P.K., Chen, L.C., Wei, S.L., Chen, K.H., Wu, J.J., and Chen, Y.F.

Subjects
Silicon carbide -- Research, Thin films -- Research, Physics
Abstract

High-energy spherical grating monochromator and InsB(111) double crystal monochromator beamlines were used to measure the C, N and Si K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of c- and a-Si-C-N films.

Published
1999

37. Ozone-induced IL-8 expression and transcription factor binding in respiratory epithelial cells

Author

Jaspers, I., Flescher, E., and Chen, L.C.

Subjects
Ozone -- Physiological aspects, Genetic transcription -- Physiological aspects, Interleukin-6 -- Physiological aspects, Epithelial cells -- Physiological aspects, Pulmonary alveoli -- Physiological aspects, Cellular signal transduction -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The effects of ozone on the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, NF-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were analyzed in A549 human alveolar type II-like cell lines. In vitro exposure of alveolar type II-like A549 cells promoted the DNA-binding activities of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, NF-IL-6 and AP-1. Furthermore ozone exposure also induced the expression of IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner indicating the interaction between ozone and epithelial plasma membranes via intercellular signaling cascade.

Published
1997

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