189 results on '"Charles E. Rose"'
Search Results
2. Association of schistosomiasis and HIV infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Pragna Patel, Charles E. Rose, Eyrun F. Kjetland, Jennifer A. Downs, Pamela Sabina Mbabazi, Keith Sabin, Wairimu Chege, D. Heather Watts, and W. Evan Secor
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HIV ,Schistosomiasis ,Association ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) affects up to 56 million women in sub-Saharan Africa and may increase risk of HIV infection. Methods: To assess the association of schistosomiasis with HIV infection, peer-reviewed literature published until 31 December 2018 was examined and a pooled estimate for the odds ratio was generated using Bayesian random effects models. Results: Of the 364 abstracts that were identified, 26 were included in the summary. Eight reported odds ratios of the association between schistosomiasis and HIV; one reported a transmission hazard ratio of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2–2.6) among women and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0–1.9) among men; 11 described the prevalence of schistosomiasis among HIV-positive people (range, 1.5–36.6%); and six reported the prevalence of HIV among people with schistosomiasis (range, 5.8–57.3%). Six studies were selected for quantitative analysis. The pooled estimate for the odds ratio of HIV among people with schistosomiasis was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2–4.3). Conclusions: A significant association of schistosomiasis with HIV was found. However, a specific summary estimate for FGS could not be generated. A research agenda was provided to determine the effect of FGS on HIV infection. The WHO’s policy on mass drug administration for schistosomiasis may prevent HIV.
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- 2021
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3. Coronavirus Disease among Workers in Food Processing, Food Manufacturing, and Agriculture Workplaces
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Michelle A. Waltenburg, Charles E. Rose, Tristan Victoroff, Marilee Butterfield, Jennifer A. Dillaha, Amy Heinzerling, Meagan Chuey, Maria Fierro, Rachel H. Jervis, Kristen M. Fedak, Andrea Leapley, Julie A. Gabel, Amanda Feldpausch, Eileen M. Dunne, Connie Austin, Caitlin S. Pedati, Farah S. Ahmed, Sheri Tubach, Charles Rhea, Julius Tonzel, Anna Krueger, David A. Crum, Johanna Vostok, Michael J. Moore, Hannah Kempher, Joni Scheftel, George Turabelidze, Derry Stover, Matthew Donahue, Deepam Thomas, Karen Edge, Bernadette Gutierrez, Erica Berl, Meagan McLafferty, Kelly E. Kline, Nichole Martz, James C. Rajotte, Ernest Julian, Abdoulaye Diedhiou, Rachel Radcliffe, Joshua L. Clayton, Dustin Ortbahn, Jason Cummins, Bree Barbeau, Stacy Carpenter, Julia C. Pringle, Julia Murphy, Brandy Darby, Nicholas R. Graff, Tia K.H. Dostal, Ian W. Pray, Courtney Tillman, Dale A. Rose, and Margaret A. Honein
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occupational health ,worker safety ,respiratory infections ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,SARS ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We describe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US food manufacturing and agriculture workers and provide updated information on meat and poultry processing workers. Among 742 food and agriculture workplaces in 30 states, 8,978 workers had confirmed COVID-19; 55 workers died. Racial and ethnic minority workers could be disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
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- 2021
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4. Disability Among Young Adults With Congenital Heart Defects: Congenital Heart Survey to Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and Well‐Being 2016–2019
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Karrie F. Downing, Matthew E. Oster, Scott E. Klewer, Charles E. Rose, Wendy N. Nembhard, Jennifer G. Andrews, and Sherry L. Farr
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adult ,congenital heart defect ,disability ,health‐related quality of life ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Disabilities have implications for health, well‐being, and health care, yet limited information is available on the percentage of adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) living with disabilities. We evaluated the prevalence of disability and associated characteristics among the 2016–2019 CH STRONG (Congenital Heart Survey to Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and Well‐Being) population‐based sample of 19‐ to 38‐year‐olds with CHD from 3 US locations. Methods and Results Prevalence of disability types (hearing, vision, cognition, mobility, self‐care, living independently) were compared with similarly aged adults from the general population as estimated by the American Community Survey and standardized to the CH STRONG eligible population to reduce nonresponse bias and confounding. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured via Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Scale T‐scores standardized to US 18‐ to 34‐year‐olds. Separate multivariable regression models assessed associations between disability and HRQOL. Of 1478 participants, 40% reported disabilities, with cognition most prevalent (29%). Of those reporting disability, 45% ever received disability benefits and 46% were unemployed. Prevalence of disability types were 5 to 8 times higher in adults with CHD than the general population. Those with ≥1 disability had greater odds of being female, and of having non‐Hispanic Black maternal race and ethnicity, severe CHD, recent cardiac care, and noncardiac congenital anomalies. On average, adults with CHD and cognition, mobility, and self‐care disabilities had impaired mental HRQOL and those with any disability type had impaired physical HRQOL. Conclusions Two of 5 adults with CHD may have disabilities, which are associated with impaired HRQOL. These results may inform healthcare needs and services for this growing population.
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- 2021
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5. Reduced Kidney Function Is Associated with Increasing Red Blood Cell Folate Concentration and Changes in Folate Form Distributions (NHANES 2011–2018)
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Arick Wang, Lorraine F. Yeung, Nilka Ríos Burrows, Charles E. Rose, Zia Fazili, Christine M. Pfeiffer, and Krista S. Crider
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folate concentration ,chronic kidney disease ,folic acid ,folate metabolism ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Background: Current studies examining the effects of high concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) or serum folates assume that high folate concentrations are an indicator of high folic acid intakes, often ignoring the contributions of other homeostatic and biological processes, such as kidney function. Objective: The current study examined the relative contributions of declining kidney function, as measured by the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and usual total folic acid intake on the concentrations of RBC folate and serum folate (total as well as individual folate forms). Design: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected in 2-year cycles were combined from 2011 to 2018. A total of 18,127 participants aged ≥16 years with available folate measures, kidney biomarker data (operationalized as a categorical CKD risk variable describing the risk of progression), and reliable dietary recall data were analyzed. Results: RBC folate concentrations increased as CKD risk increased: low risk, 1089 (95% CI: 1069, 1110) nmol/L; moderate risk, 1189 (95% CI: 1158, 1220) nmol/L; high risk, 1488 (95% CI: 1419, 1561) nmol/L; and highest risk, 1443 (95% CI: 1302, 1598) nmol/L (p < 0.0001). Similarly, serum total folate concentrations increased as CKD risk increased: low risk: 37.1 (95% CI: 26.3, 38.0) nmol/L; moderate risk: 40.2 (95% CI: 38.8, 41.7) nmol/L; high risk: 48.0 (95% CI: 44.3, 52.1) nmol/L; the highest Risk: 42.8 (95% CI: 37.8, 48.4) nmol/L (p < 0.0001). The modeled usual intake of folic acid showed no difference among CKD risk groups, with a population median of 225 (interquartile range: 108–390) µg/day. Conclusion: Both RBC and serum folate concentrations increased with declining kidney function without increased folic acid intake. When analyzing associations between folate concentrations and disease outcomes, researchers may want to consider the confounding role of kidney function.
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- 2022
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6. Impact of Voluntary Folic Acid Fortification of Corn Masa Flour on RBC Folate Concentrations in the U.S. (NHANES 2011–2018)
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Arick Wang, Charles E. Rose, Yan Ping Qi, Jennifer L. Williams, Christine M. Pfeiffer, and Krista S. Crider
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corn masa ,food fortification ,NTDs ,folic acid ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Surveillance data have highlighted continued disparities in neural tube defects (NTDs) by race-ethnicity in the United States. Starting in 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) among infants of Hispanic women of reproductive age. To assess the impact of voluntary corn masa fortification, cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 for Hispanic women of reproductive age with available red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations were analyzed, with additional analyses conducted among Hispanic women whose sole source of folic acid intake was fortified foods (enriched cereal grain products (ECGP) only), excluding ready-to-eat cereals and supplements. RBC folate concentration (adjusted geometric mean) among Hispanic women of reproductive age did not differ between 2011–2016 and 2017–2018, though RBC folate concentration increased significantly among lesser acculturated Hispanic women consuming ECGP only. Concentrations of RBC folate for those born outside the U.S and residing in the U.S p < 0.001) in 2017–2018. Primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic women of reproductive age who only consumed ECGP saw an increase from 941 nmol/L (95% CI: 895–990) in 2011–2016 to 1034 nmol/L (95% CI: 966–1107; p = 0.03) in 2017–2018. By subpopulation, we observed no significant changes in the proportion at risk of NTDs (
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- 2021
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7. Early Growth Parameters as Predictors of Developmental Delay among Children Conceived During the 2015–2016 Zika Virus Outbreak in Northeastern Brazil
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Charles E. Rose, Jeanne Bertolli, Jacob Elijah Attell, Cynthia A. Moore, Flavio Melo, Kim Kotzky, Nevin Krishna, Ashley Satterfield-Nash, Isabela Ornelas Pereira, Andre Pessoa, Donna Camille Smith, Ana Carolina Faria e Silva Santelli, and Georgina Peacock
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congenital Zika virus infection ,growth and development ,developmental disabilities ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Identifying infants with congenital infection for early intervention will likely be challenging in future Zika virus outbreaks. We investigated indicators of risk for developmental delay among children born with and without obvious manifestations of congenital Zika virus infection. Methods: We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015−2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraíba, Brazil. We analyzed data from children at birth; ages 1−7 months and approximately 24 months, using medical records (i.e., anthropometric measurements diagnoses), medical evaluation (i.e., Zika/other laboratory tests, dysmorphic features), and parent report (seizures, developmental delay). We used a Bayesian modeling approach to identify predictors of developmental delay. Results: Head circumference (HC) and length at birth and rates of growth for HC and length at follow-up were consistent across domains of developmental delay; (e.g., for every 1 cm per month decrease in HC growth rate; there was a corresponding decrease in the gross motor z-score). Modeling results indicated that HC and length at birth, and follow-up HC and length rates of growth, were predictive of developmental delay. Conclusion: These findings suggest that accurate measurement and frequent monitoring of HC and length, especially in the first few months of life, may be useful for identifying children possibly congenitally exposed to Zika virus who could benefit from early intervention services.
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- 2020
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8. Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-analysis of the Dose-response Relationship between Folic Acid Intake and Changes in Blood Folate Concentrations
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Krista S. Crider, Owen Devine, Yan Ping Qi, Lorraine F. Yeung, Ahlia Sekkarie, Ibrahim Zaganjor, Eugene Wong, Charles E. Rose, and Robert J. Berry
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folic acid ,red blood cell folate ,serum folate ,plasma folate ,fortification ,supplementation ,public health ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The threshold for population-level optimal red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration among women of reproductive age for the prevention of neural tube defects has been estimated at 906 nmol/L; however, the dose-response relationship between folic acid intake and blood folate concentrations is uncharacterized. To estimate the magnitude of blood folate concentration increase in response to specific dosages of folic acid under steady-state conditions (as could be achieved with food fortification), a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was conducted. Of the 14,002 records we identified, 533 were selected for full-text review, and data were extracted from 108 articles. The steady-state concentrations (homeostasis) of both serum/plasma and RBC folate concentrations were estimated using a Bayesian meta-analytic approach and one-compartment physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. RBC folate concentrations increased 1.78 fold (95% credible interval (CI): 1.66, 1.93) from baseline to steady-state at 375–570 µg folic acid/day, and it took a median of 36 weeks of folic acid intake (95% CI: 27, 52) to achieve steady-state RBC folate concentrations. Based on regression analysis, we estimate that serum/plasma folate concentrations increased 11.6% (95% CI: 8.4, 14.9) for every 100 µg/day folic acid intake. These results will help programs plan and monitor folic acid fortification programs.
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- 2019
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9. Modeling Insights into Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease, Transmission, and Vaccine Programs
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Michael L. Jackson, Charles E. Rose, Amanda Cohn, Fatima Coronado, Thomas A. Clark, Jay D. Wenger, Lisa Bulkow, Michael G. Bruce, Nancy E. Messonnier, and Thomas W. Hennessy
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Haemophilus influenzae type b ,Hib ,vaccines ,vaccination ,immunization programs ,mathematical model ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In response to the 2007–2009 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine shortage in the United States, we developed a flexible model of Hib transmission and disease for optimizing Hib vaccine programs in diverse populations and situations. The model classifies population members by age, colonization/disease status, and antibody levels, with movement across categories defined by differential equations. We implemented the model for the United States as a whole, England and Wales, and the Alaska Native population. This model accurately simulated Hib incidence in all 3 populations, including the increased incidence in England/Wales beginning in 1999 and the change in Hib incidence in Alaska Natives after switching Hib vaccines in 1996. The model suggests that a vaccine shortage requiring deferral of the booster dose could last 3 years in the United States before loss of herd immunity would result in increasing rates of invasive Hib disease in children
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- 2012
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10. Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine
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Brendan Flannery, Lisa B. Gelling, Duc J. Vugia, June M. Weintraub, James J. Salerno, Michael J. Conroy, Valerie A. Stevens, Charles E. Rose, Matthew R. Moore, Barry S. Fields, and Richard E. Besser
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Legionella ,Legionnaires’ disease ,water supply ,disinfection ,chloramines ,research ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems. Water and biofilm samples from 53 buildings were collected for Legionella culture during 6 intervals. Prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing Legionella colonization before and after monochloramine disinfection were adjusted for water system characteristics. Legionella colonized 60% of the hot water systems before monochloramine versus 4% after conversion (PR 0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.16). The median number of colonized sites per building decreased with monochloramine disinfection. Increased prevalence of Legionella colonization was associated with water heater temperatures
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- 2006
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11. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Reported Practices Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists in the USA Regarding Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
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Richard E. Besser, Laura E. Riley, Charles E. Rose, Jay Schulkin, and Shadi Chamany
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Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) have not been well described among obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs). This information is useful for determining whether an OB/GYN-specific program promoting appropriate antibiotic use would significantly contribute to the efforts to decrease inappropriate antibiotic use among primary care providers.
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- 2005
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12. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Reported Practices Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists in the USA Regarding Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
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Shadi Chamany, Jay Schulkin, Charles E. Rose, Laura E. Riley, and Richard E. Besser
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Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) have not been well described among obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs). This information is useful for determining whether an OB/GYN-specific program promoting appropriate antibiotic use would significantly contribute to the efforts to decrease inappropriate antibiotic use among primary care providers.
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- 2005
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13. Seasonal Patterns of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
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Scott F. Dowell, Cynthia G. Whitney, Carolyn Wright, Charles E. Rose, and Anne Schuchat
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child ,communicable disease ,infection ,photoperiod ,pneumonia ,research ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Pneumococcal infections increase each winter, a phenomenon that has not been well explained. We conducted population-based active surveillance for all cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in seven states; plotted annualized weekly rates by geographic location, age, and latitude; and assessed correlations by time-series analysis. In all geographic areas, invasive pneumococcal disease exhibited a distinct winter seasonality, including an increase among children in the fall preceding that for adults and a sharp spike in incidence among adults each year between December 24 and January 7. Pneumococcal disease correlated inversely with temperature (r –0.82 with a 1-week lag; p
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- 2003
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14. Fatal Outcome of Disseminated Strongyloidiasis despite Detectable Plasma and Cerebrospinal Levels of Orally Administered Ivermectin
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Charles E. Rose, Christopher A. Paciullo, David R. Kelly, Mark J. Dougherty, and Lawrence L. Fleckenstein
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis affects over 100 million people worldwide. Those people most susceptible to infection are those with an immunocompromising condition, such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Local disease may spread throughout the body of the host, causing a condition termed disseminated strongyloidiasis. Standard treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection is oral ivermectin. We describe a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed with disseminated strongyloidiasis two weeks after initial presentation. After repeated dosing of oral ivermectin with no clinical response, serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of ivermectin were measured to assess absorption. The peak serum concentration of 49.3 ng/mL correlated with a CSF concentration of 0.14 ng/mL. Despite these concentrations, the patient eventually succumbed to multi-system organ failure. We discuss the reasons for treatment failure and explore the utility of measuring ivermectin concentrations.
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- 2009
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15. Estimating the serum folate concentration that corresponds to the red blood cell folate concentration threshold associated with optimal neural tube defects prevention: A population-based biomarker survey in Southern India
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Amy Fothergill, Krista S. Crider, Charles E. Rose, Beena Bose, Heather M. Guetterman, Christina B. Johnson, Shameem Jabbar, Mindy Zhang, Christine M. Pfeiffer, Yan Ping Qi, Jennifer L. Williams, Rebecca Kuriyan, Wesley Bonam, and Julia L. Finkelstein
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2023
16. Workplace Violence and the Mental Health of Public Health Workers During COVID-19
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Hope M. Tiesman, Scott A. Hendricks, Douglas M. Wiegand, Barbara Lopes-Cardozo, Carol Y. Rao, Libby Horter, Charles E. Rose, and Ramona Byrkit
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health workers were at an increased risk for violence and harassment due to their public health work and experienced adverse mental health conditions. This article quantifies the prevalence of job-related threats, harassment, and discrimination against public health workers and measures the association of these incidents with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.A nonprobability convenience sample of state, local, and tribal public health workers completed a self-administered, online survey in April 2021. The survey link was emailed to members of national public health associations and included questions on workplace violence, demographics, workplace factors, and mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms were measured using standardized, validated tools to assess depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal ideation. Multivariable Poisson models calculated adjusted prevalence ratios of mental health symptoms, with workplace violence as the primary risk factor. Analyses were conducted in 2021-2022.Experiencing any type or combination of workplace violence was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of reporting depression symptoms (prevalence ratio=1.21, 95% CI=1.15, 1.27), anxiety (prevalence ratio=1.21, 95% CI=1.15, 1.27), post-traumatic stress disorder (prevalence ratio=1.31, 95% CI=1.25, 1.37), and suicidal ideation (prevalence ratio=1.26, 95% CI=1.14, 1.38), after adjusting for confounders. A dose‒response relationship was found between the number of workplace violence events experienced by a public health worker and the likelihood of reporting mental health symptoms.Violence targeted at the public health workforce is detrimental to workers and their communities. Ongoing training, workplace support, and increased communication after a workplace violence incident may be helpful. Efforts to strengthen public health capacities and support the public health workforce are also needed.
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- 2023
17. Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among School Nurses in Prekindergarten through Grade 12 Schools — United States, March 2022
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Sarah L. Merkle, Michael Welton, André van Zyl, Muhling Chong, Andrea Tanner, Charles E. Rose, Marci Hertz, Laura Hill, Zanie C. Leroy, Katlynn Sifre, and Ebony S. Thomas
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Nursing (miscellaneous) - Abstract
School nurses are integral to creating safe environments in U.S. schools. Many experienced increased work burden and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. CDC collaborated with the National Association of School Nurses and the National Association of State School Nurse Consultants to distribute a 121-item online, anonymous survey to school nurses nationwide during March 7-30, 2022. Among the 7,971 respondents, symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and suicidal ideation were measured, and prevalence ratios were used to identify associations with demographics, workplace characteristics, and support. Results found high levels of work-related stressors and indicated that employment characteristics, COVID-19-related job duties, and other workplace stressors and supports affected school nurse mental health. The survey findings underscore the mental health challenges many school nurses experienced during the 2021/2022 school year. The findings can inform supportive policies and practices to reduce workplace stressors and increase workplace supports for school nurses.
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- 2022
18. Vitamin B-12 malabsorption and renal function are critical considerations in studies of folate and vitamin B-12 interactions in cognitive performance: NHANES 2011–2014
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Marsha E, Samson, Lorraine F, Yeung, Charles E, Rose, Yan Ping, Qi, Christopher A, Taylor, and Krista S, Crider
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Vitamin B 12 Deficiency ,Vitamins ,Kidney ,Nutrition Surveys ,Vitamin B 12 ,Cognition ,Folic Acid ,Dietary Supplements ,Humans ,Homocysteine ,Aged ,Methylmalonic Acid - Abstract
Cognitive health is a public health concern among older adults. Dietary supplement (SUP) use is common and concerns have been raised about high folic acid intake among those with vitamin B-12 deficiency and exacerbation of poor cognitive performance (PCP).We evaluated SUP use, usual folic acid intake, and blood folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations in relation to cognitive performance.We used NHANES 2011-2014 data on adults aged ≥60 y (n = 2867) and estimated total usual folic acid intake from diet and supplements, vitamin B-12 intake from SUPs, blood folates, vitamin B-12 concentrations, vitamin B-12 insufficiency (≤258 pmol/L), high folate (serum folate ≥59 nmol/L or RBC folate ≥1609 nmol/L), and PCP (34 on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test). We assessed folate distributions adjusted for multiple variables, including renal function.Compared with persons without PCP, adults with PCP were less likely to use supplements containing folic acid (mean ± SEE: 34.4% ± 2.4%) or vitamin B-12 (mean ± SEE: 47.5% ± 1.6%). Among vitamin B-12-insufficient adults, 18.0% ± 1.6% (mean ± SEE) reported taking a vitamin B-12 supplement. Among participants with high folate and insufficient vitamin B-12 concentrations, 34.3% ± 11.5% (mean ± SEE) reported taking vitamin B-12-containing supplements. Persons with high folate and normal vitamin B-12 concentrations had lower odds of PCP [aOR (adjusted odds ratio): 0.61; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.83] than persons with normal folate and vitamin B-12. Persons with high folate and normal methylmalonic acid (MMA) had lower odds of PCP (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.78) than those with normal folate and MMA concentrations. After adjustment for renal function, elevated risk of PCP was attenuated among persons with high folate and MMA. Concurrent high folate and insufficient vitamin B-12 concentrations were not associated with PCP.Differential associations between vitamin B-12 and MMA highlight the need to consider renal function in studies of high folate and low vitamin B-12 status. Consumption of vitamin B-12 supplements concurrent with low vitamin B-12 status may indicate vitamin B-12 malabsorption.
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- 2022
19. Iron status and inflammation in women of reproductive age: A population-based biomarker survey and clinical study
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Julia L. Finkelstein, Amy Fothergill, Heather M. Guetterman, Christina B. Johnson, Beena Bose, Yan Ping Qi, Charles E. Rose, Jennifer L. Williams, Saurabh Mehta, Rebecca Kuriyan, Wesley Bonam, and Krista S. Crider
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Adult ,Inflammation ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Adolescent ,Iron ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Anemia ,Iron Deficiencies ,Hemoglobins ,Young Adult ,C-Reactive Protein ,Pregnancy ,Ferritins ,Humans ,Lactation ,Female ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Women of reproductive age (WRA) are at increased risk for anemia and iron deficiency. However, there is limited population-level data in India, which could help inform evidence-based recommendations and policy.To conduct a population-based biomarker survey of anemia, iron deficiency, and inflammation in WRA in Southern India.Participants were WRA (15-40 y) who were not pregnant or lactating. Blood samples (n = 979) were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP). Anemia and severe anemia were defined as Hb 12.0 and 8.0 g/dL. Serum ferritin was adjusted for inflammation using BRINDA methods. Iron deficiency was defined as SF 15.0 μg/L, iron insufficiency was defined as SF 20.0 and 25.0 μg/L, and iron deficiency anemia was defined as Hb 12.0 g/dL and SF 15.0 μg/L. Inflammation was defined as CRP5.0 mg/L or AGP1.0 g/L. Restricted cubic spline regression models were also used to determine if alternative SF thresholds should be used t to classify iron deficiency.A total of 41.5% of WRA had anemia, and 3.0% had severe anemia. Findings from spline analyses suggested a SF cut-off of15.0 μg/L, consistent with conventional cut-offs for iron deficiency. 46.3% of WRA had SF 15.0 μg/L (BRINDA-adjusted: 61.5%), 55.0% had SF 20.0 μg/L (72.7%), 61.8% had SF 25.0 μg/L (81.0%), and 30.0% had IDA (34.5%). 17.3% of WRA had CRP5.0 mg/L and 22.2% had AGP1.0 g/L. The prevalence of ID (rural vs. urban: 49.1% vs. 34.9%; p = 0.0004), iron insufficiency (57.8% vs. 43.8%; p = 0.0005), and IDA (31.8% vs. 22.4%; p = 0.01) were significantly higher in rural areas, although CRP levels were lower and there were no differences in elevated CRP or AGP.The burden of anemia and iron deficiency in this population was substantial, and increased after adjusting for inflammation, suggesting potential to benefit from screening and interventions.NCT04048330.
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- 2022
20. Periconceptional folic acid use prevents both rare and common neural tube defects in China
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Ying Zhou, Krista S. Crider, Lorraine F. Yeung, Charles E. Rose, Zhu Li, Robert J. Berry, Song Li, and Cynthia A. Moore
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Male ,Anencephaly ,China ,Embryology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Toxicology ,Folic Acid ,Pregnancy ,Dietary Supplements ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Humans ,Female ,Neural Tube Defects ,Spinal Dysraphism ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) encompass a variety of distinct types. We assessed if the preventive effect of folic acid (FA) varied by NTD type and infant sex.We examined all pregnancies with NTD status confirmation from a pregnancy-monitoring system in selected locations in northern and southern regions of China between 1993 and 1996. Women who took 400 μg of FA daily during 42 days after last menstrual period were considered FA users. We analyzed NTD prevalence by FA use status, NTD type, geographic region, and infant sex.Among 626,042 pregnancies, 700 were affected by an NTD. Among FA nonusers, 65 pregnancies (8.8 per 10,000) in the north and 51 pregnancies (1.2 per 10,000) in the south were affected by one of the two rare NTDs, that is, craniorachischisis, iniencephaly. FA use prevented occurrence of these two rare NTDs and reduced the prevalence of spina bifida (SB) by 78% (from 17.9 to 3.9 per 10,000) in the north and 51% (from 2.4 to 1.2 per 10,000) in the south. Among FA users, SB prevalence, including SB with high lesion level, was significantly reduced in both geographic regions. FA use reduced prevalence of anencephaly and encephalocele by 85% and 50%, respectively in the north, while it did not reduce the prevalence of these two NTDs in the south. There was a greater reduction in NTD prevalence in female than in male infants and fetuses.This is the first study to show that FA prevents the entire spectrum of NTD types.
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- 2022
21. Optical and Electrical Diagnostics of a High-Voltage Laser-Triggered Switch with Variable Impedance Load
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Jacob Gottfried, Charles E. Rose, and Azer P. Yalin
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- 2023
22. Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, March–April 2021
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Charles E. Rose, Barbara Lopes-Cardozo, Scott Becker, Laura Hill, Amber Williams, Ahoua Kone, Hope M. Tiesman, Geremy Lloyd, Jonathan Bryant-Genevier, Ruth Lynfield, Ramona Byrkit, Carol Y. Rao, Isabel Thomas, Dhara Shah, Deborah W Gould, Diana Orquiola, and Lori Freeman
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Work ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health Personnel ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Anxiety ,01 natural sciences ,Suicidal Ideation ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Risk Factors ,Health care ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,Psychiatry ,education ,Suicidal ideation ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Depression ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,Traumatic stress ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Mental health ,Health Surveys ,United States ,Female ,Public Health ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Increases in mental health conditions have been documented among the general population and health care workers since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (1-3). Public health workers might be at similar risk for negative mental health consequences because of the prolonged demand for responding to the pandemic and for implementing an unprecedented vaccination campaign. The extent of mental health conditions among public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, is uncertain. A 2014 survey estimated that there were nearly 250,000 state and local public health workers in the United States (4). To evaluate mental health conditions among these workers, a nonprobability-based online survey was conducted during March 29-April 16, 2021, to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation among public health workers in state, tribal, local, and territorial public health departments. Among 26,174 respondents, 53.0% reported symptoms of at least one mental health condition in the preceding 2 weeks, including depression (32.0%), anxiety (30.3%), PTSD (36.8%), or suicidal ideation (8.4%). The highest prevalence of symptoms of a mental health condition was among respondents aged ≤29 years (range = 13.6%-47.4%) and transgender or nonbinary persons (i.e., those who identified as neither male nor female) of all ages (range = 30.4%-65.5%). Public health workers who reported being unable to take time off from work were more likely to report adverse mental health symptoms. Severity of symptoms increased with increasing weekly work hours and percentage of work time dedicated to COVID-19 response activities. Implementing prevention and control practices that eliminate, reduce, and manage factors that cause or contribute to public health workers' poor mental health might improve mental health outcomes during emergencies.
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- 2021
23. Urodynamic characteristics of neurogenic bladder in newborns with myelomeningocele and refinement of the definition of bladder hostility: Findings from the UMPIRE multi-center study
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Charles E. Rose, Earl Y. Cheng, Stacy T. Tanaka, Evalynn Vasquez, David B. Joseph, Michelle A. Baum, John S. Wiener, Jonathan C. Routh, Tonya R Williams, Elizabeth B. Yerkes, M. Chad Wallis, J. Christopher Austin, Duong D. Tu, and Jennifer Ahn
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Meningomyelocele ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hostility ,030225 pediatrics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ,Child ,Hydronephrosis ,Neurogenic bladder dysfunction ,Urinary bladder ,business.industry ,Spina bifida ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Urodynamics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Categorization ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,business ,Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Summary Introduction Infants with myelomeningocele are at risk for chronic kidney disease caused by neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Urodynamic evaluation plays a key role to risk stratify individuals for renal deterioration. Objective To present baseline urodynamic findings from the Urologic Management to Preserve Initial Renal function for young children with spina bifida (UMPIRE) protocol, to present the process that showed inadequacies of our original classification scheme, and to propose a refined definition of bladder hostility and categorization. Study design The UMPIRE protocol follows a cohort of newborns with myelomeningocele at nine children's hospitals in the United States. Infants are started on clean intermittent catheterization shortly after birth. If residual volumes are low and there is no or mild hydronephrosis, catheterization is discontinued. Baseline urodynamics are obtained at or before 3 months of age to determine further management. Based on protocol-specific definitions, urodynamic studies were reviewed by the clinical site in addition to a central review team; and if necessary, by all site urologists to achieve 100% concurrence. Results We reviewed 157 newborn urodynamic studies performed between May 2015 and September 2017. Of these 157 infants, 54.8% were boys (86/157). Myelomeningocele closure was performed in-utero in 18.4% (29/157) and postnatally in 81.5% (128/157) of newborns. After primary review, reviewers agreed on overall bladder categorization in 50% (79/157) of studies. Concurrence ultimately reached 100% with further standardization of interpretation. We found that it was not possible to reliably differentiate a bladder contraction due to detrusor overactivity from a volitional voiding contraction in an infant. We revised our categorization system to group the “normal” and “safe” categories together as “low risk”. Additionally, diagnosis of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) with surface patch electrodes could not be supported by other elements of the urodynamics study. We excluded DSD from our revised high risk category. The final categorizations were high risk in 15% (23/157); intermediate risk in 61% (96/157); and low risk in 24% (38/157). Conclusion We found pitfalls with our original categorization for bladder hostility. Notably, DSD could not be reliably measured with surface patch of electrodes. The effect of this change on future renal outcomes remains to be defined. Download : Download high-res image (392KB) Download : Download full-size image summary figure . Change in urodynamic bladder categorization.
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- 2021
24. Test-to-Stay Implementation in 4 Pre–K-12 School Districts
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Samantha L, Lammie, Laura, Ford, Megan, Swanson, Angie S, Guinn, Emiko, Kamitani, André, van Zyl, Charles E, Rose, Kristy, Marynak, Jamila, Shields, Catherine V, Donovan, Emily J, Holman, Miguella, Mark-Carew, Michael, Welton, Ebony S, Thomas, and John C, Neatherlin
- Subjects
Schools ,Risk Factors ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Child ,United States - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected how children learn. We evaluated the impact of Test to Stay (TTS) on secondary and tertiary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and potential impact on in-person learning in 4 school districts in the United States from September 13 to November 19, 2021. METHODS Implementation of TTS varied across school districts. Data on index cases, school-based close contacts, TTS participation, and testing results were obtained from 4 school districts in diverse geographic regions. Descriptive statistics, secondary and tertiary attack risk, and a theoretical estimate of impact on in-person learning were calculated. RESULTS Fifty-one schools in 4 school districts reported 374 coronavirus disease COVID-19 index cases and 2520 school-based close contacts eligible for TTS. The proportion participating in TTS ranged from 22% to 79%. By district, the secondary attack risk and tertiary attack risk among TTS participants ranged between 2.2% to 11.1% and 0% to 17.6%, respectively. Nine clusters were identified among secondary cases and 2 among tertiary cases. The theoretical maximum number of days of in-person learning saved by using TTS was 976 to 4650 days across jurisdictions. CONCLUSIONS TTS preserves in-person learning. Decisions to participate in TTS may have been influenced by ease of access to testing, communication between schools and families, testing logistics, and school resources. Tertiary attack risk determination became more complicated when numbers of close contacts increased. Minimizing exposure through continued layered prevention strategies is imperative. To ensure adequate resources for TTS, community transmission levels should be considered.
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- 2022
25. Comparison of Anemia Screening Methods Using Paired Venous Samples in Women of Reproductive Age in Southern India
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Amy Fothergill, Krista S Crider, Christina B Johnson, Mical P Raj, Heather M Guetterman, Beena Bose, Charles E Rose, Yan P Qi, Jennifer L Williams, Rebecca Kuriyan, Wesley Bonam, and Julia L Finkelstein
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Anemia is an important public health problem, and accurate estimates may inform policy and programs. Although hemoglobin assessment of venous blood via automated hematology analyzers (AHA) is recommended, most population-based surveys are based on analysis of capillary blood via portable hemoglobinometers to estimate anemia prevalence.To evaluate screening methods for hemoglobin and anemia assessment using paired venous samples.Participants were women of reproductive age (15-40y) who were not pregnant or lactating. Paired venous whole blood samples (n = 896) were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) via portable hemoglobinometer (HemoCue 301) and Coulter Counter AHA. Anemia and severe anemia were defined as Hb12.0 and8.0 g/dL, respectively. Bland-Altman methods were used to assess level of agreement for Hb results (mean difference, standard deviation of differences, limits of agreement). Diagnostic accuracy parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy) were calculated to evaluate HemoCue performance compared to the AHA reference, overall and by sociodemographic, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics.The estimated anemia prevalence was significantly lower via HemoCue vs. AHA (36.3% vs. 41.6%; p-value0.0001). The HemoCue had 84.4% accuracy for anemia screening and 98.8% for severe anemia, compared to the AHA reference. The HemoCue had 74.8% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity, compared to AHA. HemoCue sensitivity was higher in WRA with iron deficiency (SF15.0 μg/L 81.6% vs. SF ≥15.0 μg/L: 41.3%), and lower in WRA with metabolic risk factors, including overweight (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2; 63.9% vs. 78.8%), or elevated CRP (CRP1.0 mg/L: 67.2% vs. ≤1.0 mg/L: 82.9%), trunk fat (TF35%: 62.7% vs. ≤35%: 80.1), or whole-body fat (WBF35%: 63.9% vs. ≤35%: 80.3%).Findings suggest that women with anemia may be incorrectly identified as not anemic via portable hemoglobinometer, and the anemia prevalence may be underestimated at the population level. Registration number: NCT04048330.
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- 2022
26. Comorbidities Among Young Adults with Congenital Heart Defects: Results from the Congenital Heart Survey To Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and well-beinG — Arizona, Arkansas, and Metropolitan Atlanta, 2016–2019
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Elijah H. Bolin, Charles E. Rose, Maureen K. Galindo, Jennifer Andrews, Sherry L. Farr, Aspen P. Riser, Matthew E. Oster, and Wendy N. Nembhard
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Adult ,Heart Defects, Congenital ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Georgia ,Health (social science) ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Comorbidity ,Young Adult ,Health Information Management ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Health care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Full Report ,Cities ,Young adult ,education ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Health Services Needs and Demand ,education.field_of_study ,Arkansas ,business.industry ,Public health ,Arizona ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Quality of Life ,Female ,business - Abstract
An estimated 1.4 million adults in the United States live with congenital heart defects (CHDs), yet their health outcomes are not well understood (1). Using self-reported, cross-sectional data from 1,482 respondents in the 2016-2019 Congenital Heart Survey To Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and well-beinG (CH STRONG) (2), CDC and academic partners estimated the prevalence of comorbidities among adults with CHDs aged 20-38 years born in Arizona (AZ), Arkansas (AR), and metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia (GA) compared with the general population (aged 20-38 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2015-2018 (3) and the AZ, AR, and GA Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) during 2016-2018 (4). Adults with CHDs were more likely than those in the general population to report cardiovascular comorbidities, such as a history of congestive heart failure (4.3% versus 0.2%) and stroke (1.4% versus 0.3%), particularly those with severe CHDs (2). Adults with CHDs were more likely to report current depressive symptoms (15.1% versus 8.5%), but less likely to report previous diagnoses of depression (14.2% versus 22.6%), asthma (12.7% versus 16.9%), or rheumatologic disease (3.2% versus 8.0%). Prevalence of noncardiovascular comorbidities was similar between adults whose CHD was considered severe and those with nonsevere CHDs. Public health practitioners and clinicians can encourage young adults with CHDs to seek appropriate medical care to help them live as healthy a life as possible.
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- 2021
27. A Randomized Trial of Quadruple-Fortified Salt for Anemia and Birth Defects Prevention in Southern India: Protocol Design and Methods
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Julia L. Finkelstein, Heather M. Guetterman, Amy Fothergill, Christina B. Johnson, Yan Ping Qi, Shameem Jabbar, Mindy Zhang, Christine M. Pfeiffer, Charles E. Rose, Lorraine F. Yeung, Jennifer L. Williams, Jesse T. Krisher, Caleb Ruth, Dripta Roy Choudhury, Sudha Venkatramanan, Jere D. Haas, Rebecca Kuriyan, Saurabh Mehta, Wesley Bonam, and Krista S. Crider
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Research Methodology / Study Design ,Food Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Women of reproductive age are at an increased risk of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence supports the role of periconceptional nutrition in the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) and other pregnancy complications. Vitamin B(12) deficiency is a risk factor for NTDs and may modify folate biomarkers that predict NTD risk at the population level. There is an interest in mandatory fortification with vitamin B(12) and folic acid for anemia and birth defect prevention. However, there are limited population-representative data needed to inform policy and guidelines. OBJECTIVES: This randomized trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of quadruple-fortified salt (QFS; iron, iodine, folic acid, vitamin B(12)) in 1,000 households in Southern India. METHODS: Women 18 to 49 y who are not pregnant or lactating and reside within the catchment area of our community-based research site in Southern India will be screened and invited to participate in the trial. After informed consent, women and their households will be randomized to receive one of the following 4 interventions: 1) double-fortified salt (DFS; iron, iodine), 2) DFS + folic acid (iron, iodine, folic acid), 3) DFS + vitamin B(12) (iron, iodine, vitamin B(12)), or 4) DFS + folic acid and vitamin B(12) (QFS; iron, iodine, folic acid, vitamin B(12)) for 12 mo. Structured interviews will be conducted by trained nurse enumerators to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, health, and reproductive history data. Biological samples will be collected at baseline, midpoint, and endpoint. Whole blood will be analyzed for hemoglobin using Coulter Counter. Total vitamin B(12) will be measured by chemiluminescence; red blood cell folate and serum folate will be evaluated using the World Health Organization-recommended microbiologic assay. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this randomized trial will help to evaluate the efficacy of QFS to prevent anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Clinical trial registration numbers: NCT03853304 and Clinical Trial Registry of India REF/2019/03/024479. REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03853304 and REF/2019/03/024479.
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- 2023
28. Association of schistosomiasis and HIV infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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W. Evan Secor, Jennifer A. Downs, Charles E. Rose, Pragna Patel, D. Heather Watts, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland, Wairimu Chege, Keith Sabin, and Pamela Sabina Mbabazi
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Female circumcision ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030106 microbiology ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Schistosomiasis ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Association ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mass drug administration ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Hazard ratio ,HIV ,Bayes Theorem ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Meta-analysis ,Mass Drug Administration ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) affects up to 56 million women in sub-Saharan Africa and may increase risk of HIV infection. Methods To assess the association of schistosomiasis with HIV infection, peer-reviewed literature published until 31 December 2018 was examined and a pooled estimate for the odds ratio was generated using Bayesian random effects models. Results Of the 364 abstracts that were identified, 26 were included in the summary. Eight reported odds ratios of the association between schistosomiasis and HIV; one reported a transmission hazard ratio of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2–2.6) among women and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0–1.9) among men; 11 described the prevalence of schistosomiasis among HIV-positive people (range, 1.5–36.6%); and six reported the prevalence of HIV among people with schistosomiasis (range, 5.8–57.3%). Six studies were selected for quantitative analysis. The pooled estimate for the odds ratio of HIV among people with schistosomiasis was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2–4.3). Conclusions A significant association of schistosomiasis with HIV was found. However, a specific summary estimate for FGS could not be generated. A research agenda was provided to determine the effect of FGS on HIV infection. The WHO’s policy on mass drug administration for schistosomiasis may prevent HIV.
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- 2021
29. COVID-19 Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons — 23 States, January 31–July 3, 2020
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Sarah M. Hatcher, Christine Agnew-Brune, Mark Anderson, Laura D. Zambrano, Charles E. Rose, Melissa A. Jim, Amy Baugher, Grace S. Liu, Sadhna V. Patel, Mary E. Evans, Talia Pindyck, Christine L. Dubray, Jeanette J. Rainey, Jessica Chen, Claire Sadowski, Kathryn Winglee, Ana Penman-Aguilar, Amruta Dixit, Eudora Claw, Carolyn Parshall, Ellen Provost, Aurimar Ayala, German Gonzalez, Jamie Ritchey, Jonathan Davis, Victoria Warren-Mears, Sujata Joshi, Thomas Weiser, Abigail Echo-Hawk, Adrian Dominguez, Amy Poel, Christy Duke, Imani Ransby, Andria Apostolou, and Jeffrey McCollum
- Subjects
Male ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Ethnic group ,Rate ratio ,Severity of Illness Index ,01 natural sciences ,COVID-19 Testing ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Interquartile range ,Medicine ,Cumulative incidence ,Full Report ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Alaskan Natives ,Treatment Outcome ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Coronavirus Infections ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Population ,Betacoronavirus ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,0101 mathematics ,education ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Clinical Laboratory Techniques ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,Infant, Newborn ,COVID-19 ,Infant ,Health Status Disparities ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Indians, North American ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Although non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons account for 0.7% of the U.S. population,* a recent analysis reported that 1.3% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported to CDC with known race and ethnicity were among AI/AN persons (1). To assess the impact of COVID-19 among the AI/AN population, reports of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases during January 22†-July 3, 2020 were analyzed. The analysis was limited to 23 states§ with >70% complete race/ethnicity information and five or more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among both AI/AN persons (alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities) and non-Hispanic white (white) persons. Among 424,899 COVID-19 cases reported by these states, 340,059 (80%) had complete race/ethnicity information; among these 340,059 cases, 9,072 (2.7%) occurred among AI/AN persons, and 138,960 (40.9%) among white persons. Among 340,059 cases with complete patient race/ethnicity data, the cumulative incidence among AI/AN persons in these 23 states was 594 per 100,000 AI/AN population (95% confidence interval [CI] = 203-1,740), compared with 169 per 100,000 white population (95% CI = 137-209) (rate ratio [RR] = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2-10.1). AI/AN persons with COVID-19 were younger (median age = 40 years; interquartile range [IQR] = 26-56 years) than were white persons (median age = 51 years; IQR = 32-67 years). More complete case report data and timely, culturally responsive, and evidence-based public health efforts that leverage the strengths of AI/AN communities are needed to decrease COVID-19 transmission and improve patient outcomes.
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- 2020
30. Alcohol Use and Co-Use of Other Substances Among Pregnant Females Aged 12–44 Years — United States, 2015–2018
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Lucinda J. England, Emmy L Tran, Shin Y. Kim, Clark H. Denny, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Gery P. Guy, Charles E. Rose, Carolyne Bennett, Margaret A. Honein, Michele K. Bohm, and Coleen A. Boyle
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Binge drinking ,Alcohol ,Third trimester ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Young adult ,Pregnancy ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,010102 general mathematics ,National Survey on Drug Use and Health ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,First trimester ,chemistry ,Substance use ,business - Abstract
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, including birth defects, behavioral disorders, and impaired cognitive development (1). Little is known about the co-use of other substances by females who drink during pregnancy. CDC used 2015-2018 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to estimate the overall and trimester-specific prevalence of self-reported drinking in the past 12 months, current drinking, and binge drinking, overall and by trimester, and the co-use of other substances among pregnant females aged 12-44 years. Past drinking (12 months) was reported by 64.7% of pregnant respondents. Current drinking (at least one drink in the past 30 days) was reported by 19.6% of respondents who were in their first trimester of pregnancy and 4.7% of respondents who were in their second or third trimester. Binge drinking (consuming four or more drinks on at least one occasion in the past 30 days) was reported by 10.5% of first trimester respondents and 1.4% of second or third trimester respondents. Overall, 38.2% of pregnant respondents who reported current drinking also reported current use of one or more other substances. The substances used most with alcohol were tobacco and marijuana. Self-reported drinking prevalence was substantially lower among second or third trimester respondents than among first trimester respondents. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends alcohol use and substance use disorders screening for all females seeking obstetric-gynecologic care and counseling patients that there is no known safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy (2).
- Published
- 2020
31. Trends in Number and Distribution of COVID-19 Hotspot Counties — United States, March 8–July 15, 2020
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Tina Norris, Alexandra M. Oster, Laura Porter, Amy E Cha, Nana Wilson, Emilio Dirlikov, Monica E. Parise, Vladislav Beresovsky, Anne K Driscoll, Henry Walke, Dale A. Rose, Elisha B Peterson, Aaron T. Fleischauer, Zack Moore, Margaret A. Honein, Gabriel Rainisch, Eduardo E. Valverde, Gloria J. Kang, Julie Villanueva, Nadia L Oussayef, Matthew D. Ritchey, and Charles E. Rose
- Subjects
Change over time ,Rural Population ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Pneumonia, Viral ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,education ,Pandemics ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public health ,Incidence ,010102 general mathematics ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Census ,United States ,business ,Coronavirus Infections ,Demography - Abstract
The geographic areas in the United States most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have changed over time. On May 7, 2020, CDC, with other federal agencies, began identifying counties with increasing COVID-19 incidence (hotspots) to better understand transmission dynamics and offer targeted support to health departments in affected communities. Data for January 22-July 15, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively (January 22-May 6) and prospectively (May 7-July 15) to detect hotspot counties. No counties met hotspot criteria during January 22-March 7, 2020. During March 8-July 15, 2020, 818 counties met hotspot criteria for ≥1 day; these counties included 80% of the U.S. population. The daily number of counties meeting hotspot criteria peaked in early April, decreased and stabilized during mid-April-early June, then increased again during late June-early July. The percentage of counties in the South and West Census regions* meeting hotspot criteria increased from 10% and 13%, respectively, during March-April to 28% and 22%, respectively, during June-July. Identification of community transmission as a contributing factor increased over time, whereas identification of outbreaks in long-term care facilities, food processing facilities, correctional facilities, or other workplaces as contributing factors decreased. Identification of hotspot counties and understanding how they change over time can help prioritize and target implementation of U.S. public health response activities.
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- 2020
32. Functional Outcomes among a Cohort of Children in Northeastern Brazil Meeting Criteria for Follow-Up of Congenital Zika Virus Infection
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Isabela Ornelas Pereira, Ana Carolina Faria e Silva Santelli, Charles E. Rose, Ashley Satterfield-Nash, Kim Kotzky, Jennifer Erin Staples, Coleen A. Boyle, André Pessoa, Flavio Melo, Jeanne Bertolli, Cynthia A. Moore, Donna Camille Smith, Georgina Peacock, Nevin Krishna, and Jacob Elijah Attell
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,Developmental Disabilities ,Psychological intervention ,Disease Outbreaks ,Zika virus ,Child Development ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hearing ,Pregnancy ,Early childhood ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Child ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Zika Virus Infection ,Age Factors ,Articles ,Editorial ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Microcephaly ,Female ,Brazil ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Neurological examination ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Vision, Ocular ,business.industry ,Books ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Outbreak ,Zika Virus ,Anthropometry ,biology.organism_classification ,Case-Control Studies ,Parasitology ,business ,Psychomotor Performance ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Following the large outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere, many infants have been born with congenital Zika virus infection. It is important to describe the functional outcomes seen with congenital infections to allow for their recognition and appropriate interventions. We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015–2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraíba, Brazil, who were approximately 24 months old, to assess functional outcomes. All children met either anthropometric criteria or laboratory criteria suggestive of possible congenital Zika virus infection. We collected results of previous medical evaluations, interviewed parents, and performed physical examinations and functional assessments, for example, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE). We compared patterns of neurologic outcomes and developmental delay at age 24 months by whether children met anthropometric or laboratory criteria, or both. Among children meeting both criteria, 60% (26/43) were multiply affected (had severe motor impairment, severe developmental delay, and suboptimal HINE scores), compared with 5% (3/57) meeting only laboratory criteria and none (0/20) meeting only anthropometric criteria. Of the remaining 91 children, 49% (45) had developmental delay, with more severe delay seen in children meeting both criteria. Although children meeting physical and laboratory criteria for potential congenital Zika virus infection were more severely affected, we did identify several children with notable adverse neurologic outcomes and developmental delay with no physical findings but potential laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection. Given this, all children who were potentially exposed in utero to Zika virus should be monitored in early childhood for deficits to allow for early intervention.
- Published
- 2020
33. A Bayesian approach to sequential analysis in post‐licensure vaccine safety surveillance
- Author
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Brock Stewart, Charles E. Rose, and Rongxia Li
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Vaccine safety ,Time Factors ,Computer science ,Bayesian probability ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Field (computer science) ,010104 statistics & probability ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Frequentist inference ,Sequential probability ratio test ,Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Safety monitoring ,Pharmacology ,Vaccines ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,Bayes Theorem ,Bayesian statistics ,Treatment Outcome ,Research Design ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Patient Safety ,False positive rate ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
With rapid development of computing technology, Bayesian statistics have increasingly gained more attention in various areas of public health. However, the full potential of Bayesian sequential methods applied to vaccine safety surveillance has not yet been realized, despite acknowledged practical benefits and philosophical advantages of Bayesian statistics. In this paper, we describe how sequential analysis can be performed in a Bayesian paradigm in the field of vaccine safety. We compared the performance of the frequentist sequential method, specifically, Maximized Sequential Probability Ratio Test (MaxSPRT), and a Bayesian sequential method using simulations and a real world vaccine safety example. The performance is evaluated using three metrics: false positive rate, false negative rate, and average earliest time to signal. Depending on the background rate of adverse events, the Bayesian sequential method could significantly improve the false negative rate and decrease the earliest time to signal. We consider the proposed Bayesian sequential approach to be a promising alternative for vaccine safety surveillance.
- Published
- 2019
34. Collective Thomson scattering measurement of plasma evolution during the current pulse in a laser-triggered switch
- Author
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Jacob A. Gottfried, Charles E. Rose, Sean Simpson, and Azer P. Yalin
- Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
High-voltage laser-triggered switches (HV-LTSs) are used in pulsed-power applications where low jitter and precise timing are required. The switches allow operation in the megaampere, megavolt regime while maintaining low insertion losses. Currently, there is a lack of detailed plasma measurements in these switches, yet such measurements are needed to elucidate the detailed physics, which include a range of processes such as laser breakdown, streamer formation and growth, current flow, plasma evolution, and cooling. Detailed spatially- and temporally resolved measurements of plasma properties within the switches could contribute to validating and advancing numeric models of these systems. This contribution presents laser Thomson scattering measurements of the electron number density and temperature evolution in a HV-LTS. The switch was operated at 6 kV with current flow for a duration of 145 ns and a peak current density of 0.2 MA/cm2 into a matched load. The Thomson scattering diagnostic system uses a 532 nm probe from an Nd:YAG laser allowing a temporal resolution of ∼10 ns. We find that during the switch current pulse, the plasma electron temperature rose from a starting value of 8.1 ± 1.6 eV (due to cooling of the earlier trigger laser plasma) to a peak value of 26 ± 5 eV with an associated increase in the electron density from 8.6 ± 1.7 × 1017 to 3.1 ± 0.6 × 1018 cm−3.
- Published
- 2022
35. Receipt of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccines and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion
- Author
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Jennifer L. Beauregard, Dana Meaney-Delman, Bailey Wallace, Charles E. Rose, Lauren Head Zauche, Emily E. Petersen, Titilope Oduyebo, Ashley N. Smoots, Sascha R. Ellington, Allen J. Wilcox, Jun Ju, Christine K. Olson, and Shin Y. Kim
- Subjects
Pregnancy registry ,Receipt ,Risk ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,Abortion ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Cumulative risk ,Abortion, Spontaneous ,Correspondence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Registries ,business - Abstract
mRNA Covid-19 Vaccines and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion In this updated analysis from the CDC v-safe pregnancy registry, the cumulative risk of pregnancy loss at 6 to less than 20 weeks of gestatio...
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- 2021
36. Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines preconception and during pregnancy and risk of self-reported spontaneous abortions, CDC v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry 2020-21
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Shin Y. Kim, Jun Ju, Sascha R. Ellington, Jennifer L. Beauregard, Dana Meaney-Delman, Charles E. Rose, Emily E Peterson, Ashley N. Smoots, Christine K. Olson, Bailey Wallace, Lauren Head Zauche, Titilope Oduyebo, and Allen J. Wilcox
- Subjects
Receipt ,Pregnancy registry ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,miscarriage ,Age adjustment ,Abortion ,medicine.disease ,Article ,Vaccination ,spontaneous abortion ,mRNA vaccine ,Gestation ,Medicine ,vaccine safety ,pregnancy ,pregnancy loss ,business ,COVID-19 vaccine - Abstract
Background There is continuing public concern about the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. While there is no compelling biological reason to expect that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (either preconception or during pregnancy) presents a risk to pregnancy, data are limited. It is, however, well documented that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with severe illness and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among recognized pregnancies in high-income countries, 11–16% end in spontaneous abortion (SAB). Methods People enrolled in v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based surveillance system, who received a COVID-19 vaccine preconception or during pregnancy were contacted by telephone to enroll in the v-safe pregnancy registry. V-safe pregnancy registry participants who received at least one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine preconception or prior to 20 weeks’ gestation and who did not report a pregnancy loss before 6 completed weeks’ gestation were included in this analysis to assess the cumulative risk of SAB using Life Table methods. Results Among 2,456 pregnant persons who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine preconception or prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, the cumulative risk of SAB from 6–19 weeks’ gestation was 14.1% (95% CI: 12.1, 16.1%). Using direct age standardization to the selected reference population, the age-standardized cumulative risk of SAB was 12.8% (95% CI: 10.8–14.8%). Conclusions When compared to the expected range of SABs in recognized pregnancies, these data suggest receipt of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine preconception or during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of SAB. These findings add to accumulating evidence that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy are safe.
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- 2021
37. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children — Initial Therapy and Outcomes
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Nancy Murray, Jane W. Newburger, Janet R. Hume, Stephanie P Schwartz, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Leora R. Feldstein, Katharine N. Clouser, Vijaya L. Soma, Tamara T. Bradford, Mark W. Hall, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Steven M. Horwitz, Michele Kong, Laura L. Loftis, Gwenn E. McLaughlin, Christopher L. Carroll, Lincoln S. Smith, Mary Beth F. Son, Charles E. Rose, Sule Doymaz, Margaret M. Newhams, Sabrina M. Heidemann, John S. Giuliano, Elizabeth H. Mack, Christopher J. Babbitt, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Phoebe H. Yager, Aalok R. Singh, Katherine Irby, Cameron C. Young, Adrienne G. Randolph, Mia Maamari, Vicki L. Montgomery, Natasha B. Halasa, Kevin G. Friedman, Becky J. Riggs, Manish M. Patel, Bria M. Coates, Aline B Maddux, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Michael A. Keenaghan, Courtney M. Rowan, and Jennifer E. Schuster
- Subjects
Biological Products ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,business.industry ,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Combination drug therapy ,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,Pharmacotherapy ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Medicine ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Original Article ,Immunotherapy ,Young adult ,business ,Initial therapy ,Glucocorticoids ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background The assessment of real-world effectiveness of immunomodulatory medications for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may guide therapy. Methods We analyzed surveillance data on inpatients younger than 21 years of age who had MIS-C and were admitted to 1 of 58 U.S. hospitals between March 15 and October 31, 2020. The effectiveness of initial immunomodulatory therapy (day 0, indicating the first day any such therapy for MIS-C was given) with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids, as compared with IVIG alone, was evaluated with propensity-score matching and inverse probability weighting, with adjustment for baseline MIS-C severity and demographic characteristics. The primary outcome was cardiovascular dysfunction (a composite of left ventricular dysfunction or shock resulting in the use of vasopressors) on or after day 2. Secondary outcomes included the components of the primary outcome, the receipt of adjunctive treatment (glucocorticoids in patients not already receiving glucocorticoids on day 0, a biologic, or a second dose of IVIG) on or after day 1, and persistent or recurrent fever on or after day 2. Results A total of 518 patients with MIS-C (median age, 8.7 years) received at least one immunomodulatory therapy; 75% had been previously healthy, and 9 died. In the propensity-score–matched analysis, initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids (103 patients) was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular dysfunction on or after day 2 than IVIG alone (103 patients) (17% vs. 31%; risk ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.94). The risks of the components of the composite outcome were also lower among those who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids: left ventricular dysfunction occurred in 8% and 17% of the patients, respectively (risk ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.19 to 1.15), and shock resulting in vasopressor use in 13% and 24% (risk ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.00). The use of adjunctive therapy was lower among patients who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids than among those who received IVIG alone (34% vs. 70%; risk ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.65), but the risk of fever was unaffected (31% and 40%, respectively; risk ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.13). The inverse-probability-weighted analysis confirmed the results of the propensity-score–matched analysis. Conclusions Among children and adolescents with MIS-C, initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)
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- 2021
38. Estimating the Serum Folate Concentration Associated With the Red Blood Cell Folate Threshold for Optimal Neural Tube Defects Prevention: A Population Based Biomarker Survey
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Heather M Guetterman, Shameem Jabbar, Yan Ping Qi, Krista S. Crider, Julia L. Finkelstein, Christine M. Pfeiffer, Charles E. Rose, Amy Fothergill, Beena Bose, Wesley Bonam, Jennifer Williams, Christina Johnson, and Mindy Zhang
- Subjects
Global Nutrition ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Anemia ,Neural tube ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Population based ,medicine.disease ,World health ,Red Blood Cell Folate ,Serum folate ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Vitamin B12 ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the serum folate insufficiency threshold (sf-IT) corresponding to the red blood cell (RBC) folate insufficiency threshold for optimal neural tube defect (NTD) prevention. METHODS: Participants were 977 women of reproductive age (WRA; 15–40y; not pregnant or lactating) from a population-based biomarker survey in Southern India. Venous blood samples were collected at enrollment. Plasma, serum, and red blood cells were centrifuged, processed, and stored < -80°C until batch analysis. Total vitamin B12 concentrations were measured via chemiluminescence; RBC and serum folate concentrations were measured using the World Health Organization-recommended microbiological assay. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as total vitamin B12
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- 2021
39. Dietary Supplement Intake, Folate and Vitamin B12 Status, and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2014
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Charles E. Rose, Lorraine F Yeung, Yan Ping Qi, Krista S. Crider, and Marsha E Samson
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Gerontology ,Creatinine ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Vitamins and Minerals ,Poverty ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,business.industry ,Methylmalonic acid ,Ethnic group ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cognition ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Medicine ,Marital status ,Vitamin B12 ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive decline is a major public health issue among older adults. Dietary supplement use is common among older adults, and a concern has been raised about high folic acid intake among those with vitamin B12 (vB12) deficiency and exacerbation of cognitive decline. We evaluated supplement intake and folate and vB12 concentrations among older adults with measured cognitive function. METHODS: We used NHANES 2011–2014 data on adults aged 60 + years (n = 3266) and estimated folic acid and vB12 intake from dietary supplements. We defined vB12 insufficiency as serum vB12 concentration ≤ 258 pmol/L and high folate concentrations as either serum folate ≥ 59 nmol/L or RBC folate ≥ 1609 nmol/L. Cognitive impairment was defined as a test score
- Published
- 2021
40. Prevalence of Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Haryana, India
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Neha Singh, Rita Bhatia, Lorraine F Yeung, Shameem Jabbar, Ankita Kankaria, Neena Raina, Rajesh Mehta, Christine M. Pfeiffer, Rakesh Gupta, Vishal Kumar, Charles E. Rose, Reena Das, Gursharan Singh Dhanjal, Jorge Rosenthal, Hari Kishan Senee, Manmeet Kaur, Suresh Dalpath, Akash Kumar, S. K. Bhardwaj, Mindy Zhang, Rachita Gupta, Michael J. Cannon, and Mona Duggal
- Subjects
Global Nutrition ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Anemia ,business.industry ,Public health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Iron deficiency ,medicine.disease ,Ferritin ,Low birth weight ,Iron-deficiency anemia ,Premature birth ,Environmental health ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Anemia is a public health problem in women of reproductive age in many low- and medium-income countries including India. Maternal anemia can cause low birth weight, impaired fetal growth, and preterm birth. We assessed the baseline prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and inflammation using c-reactive protein (CRP) among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age living in the Ambala District, Haryana, India prior to the start of a wheat flour fortification program. METHODS: We conducted a multistage cluster probability household and biomarker survey and analyzed venous blood samples from non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged 18–49 years residing in rural areas of two subdistricts in the Ambala District. Factors of interest were: anemia, hemoglobin 5 mg/L. We used the BRINDA regression adjustment for ferritin to account for inflammation. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for anemia, ID, IDA, and CRP were estimated. RESULTS: Among 775 non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age, 54.3% (95% CI; 50.7, 58.0) had anemia, 86.9% (95% CI; 84.3, 89.2) were iron deficient, and 15.1% (95% CI; 12.5, 18.1) had inflammation. Among those with anemia, 58.2% (95 CI; 54.3, 62.0) had iron deficiency anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age in Haryana are significant public health concerns. The findings from the survey helped quantify the burden of inadequate iron intake and informed the Haryana government's prevention strategy aimed at reducing micronutrient deficiencies through a wheat flour fortification program. FUNDING SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Published
- 2021
41. Patterns in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, by Social Vulnerability and Urbanicity - United States, December 14, 2020-May 1, 2021
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Betsy L. Cadwell, Carla L. Black, Kamil E. Barbour, Sharoda Dasgupta, Cassandra Pingali, LaTreace Harris, Kurt J. Greenlund, Trieste Musial, J. Danielle Sharpe, Judith R. Qualters, Charles E. Rose, Jennifer L. Kriss, Vaughn Barry, Daniel Weller, Stephen Flores, Anita Patel, and Andrea Stewart
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Vaccination Coverage ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Ethnic group ,01 natural sciences ,Vulnerable Populations ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,Cities ,Healthcare Disparities ,Socioeconomic status ,business.industry ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Metropolitan area ,United States ,Vaccination ,Quartile ,Socioeconomic Factors ,business ,Social vulnerability ,Demography - Abstract
Disparities in vaccination coverage by social vulnerability, defined as social and structural factors associated with adverse health outcomes, were noted during the first 2.5 months of the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination campaign, which began during mid-December 2020 (1). As vaccine eligibility and availability continue to expand, assuring equitable coverage for disproportionately affected communities remains a priority. CDC examined COVID-19 vaccine administration and 2018 CDC social vulnerability index (SVI) data to ascertain whether inequities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage with respect to county-level SVI have persisted, overall and by urbanicity. Vaccination coverage was defined as the number of persons aged ≥18 years (adults) who had received ≥1 dose of any Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-authorized COVID-19 vaccine divided by the total adult population in a specified SVI category.† SVI was examined overall and by its four themes (socioeconomic status, household composition and disability, racial/ethnic minority status and language, and housing type and transportation). Counties were categorized into SVI quartiles, in which quartile 1 (Q1) represented the lowest level of vulnerability and quartile 4 (Q4), the highest. Trends in vaccination coverage were assessed by SVI quartile and urbanicity, which was categorized as large central metropolitan, large fringe metropolitan (areas surrounding large cities, e.g., suburban), medium and small metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan counties.§ During December 14, 2020-May 1, 2021, disparities in vaccination coverage by SVI increased, especially in large fringe metropolitan (e.g., suburban) and nonmetropolitan counties. By May 1, 2021, vaccination coverage was lower among adults living in counties with the highest overall SVI; differences were most pronounced in large fringe metropolitan (Q4 coverage = 45.0% versus Q1 coverage = 61.7%) and nonmetropolitan (Q4 = 40.6% versus Q1 = 52.9%) counties. Vaccination coverage disparities were largest for two SVI themes: socioeconomic status (Q4 = 44.3% versus Q1 = 61.0%) and household composition and disability (Q4 = 42.0% versus Q1 = 60.1%). Outreach efforts, including expanding public health messaging tailored to local populations and increasing vaccination access, could help increase vaccination coverage in high-SVI counties.
- Published
- 2021
42. Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Between Urban and Rural Counties - United States, December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021
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Charles E. Rose, Robin L. Toblin, La Treace Q. Harris, Bhavini Patel Murthy, Natalie Sterrett, Anita Patel, Julie Zajac, Alice Wang, Lynn Gibbs-Scharf, Stephen Flores, Matthew D. Ritchey, Charnetta Williams, Kamil E. Barbour, Paul I. Eke, Neil Murthy, Judith R. Qualters, Betsy L. Cadwell, Laura Reynolds, Lauren Shaw, Heather B. Clayton, Jennifer L. Kriss, Kathryn A. Brookmeyer, Kimberley Fox, Daniel Weller, Shannon Stokley, Elizabeth R. Zell, and Laura Adams
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Vaccination Coverage ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Intensive care ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,Healthcare Disparities ,education ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public health ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,010102 general mathematics ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Vaccination ,Residence ,Female ,Rural area ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Approximately 60 million persons in the United States live in rural counties, representing almost one fifth (19.3%) of the population.* In September 2020, COVID-19 incidence (cases per 100,000 population) in rural counties surpassed that in urban counties (1). Rural communities often have a higher proportion of residents who lack health insurance, live with comorbidities or disabilities, are aged ≥65 years, and have limited access to health care facilities with intensive care capabilities, which places these residents at increased risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality (2,3). To better understand COVID-19 vaccination disparities across the urban-rural continuum, CDC analyzed county-level vaccine administration data among adults aged ≥18 years who received their first dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, or a single dose of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (Johnson & Johnson) during December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021 in 50 U.S. jurisdictions (49 states and the District of Columbia [DC]). Adult COVID-19 vaccination coverage was lower in rural counties (38.9%) than in urban counties (45.7%) overall and among adults aged 18-64 years (29.1% rural, 37.7% urban), those aged ≥65 years (67.6% rural, 76.1% urban), women (41.7% rural, 48.4% urban), and men (35.3% rural, 41.9% urban). Vaccination coverage varied among jurisdictions: 36 jurisdictions had higher coverage in urban counties, five had higher coverage in rural counties, and five had similar coverage (i.e., within 1%) in urban and rural counties; in four jurisdictions with no rural counties, the urban-rural comparison could not be assessed. A larger proportion of persons in the most rural counties (14.6%) traveled for vaccination to nonadjacent counties (i.e., farther from their county of residence) compared with persons in the most urban counties (10.3%). As availability of COVID-19 vaccines expands, public health practitioners should continue collaborating with health care providers, pharmacies, employers, faith leaders, and other community partners to identify and address barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in rural areas (2).
- Published
- 2021
43. A Clinical Score to Support Antiretroviral Management of HIV-exposed Infants on the Day of Birth
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Steven Nesheim, Shubha Rao, Charles E. Rose, Margaret A. Lampe, Kristen Mahle Gray, Sonia Singh, and Yi Pan
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Anti-HIV Agents ,HIV exposure ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,MEDLINE ,Mothers ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,immune system diseases ,030225 pediatrics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Disease management (health) ,health care economics and organizations ,business.industry ,Infectious disease transmission ,Infant, Newborn ,Parturition ,Disease Management ,virus diseases ,Bayes Theorem ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,United States ,Drug Combinations ,Logistic Models ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,HIV-1 ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Female ,business - Abstract
The benefits of combination antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for infants whose HIV exposure is recognized near birth have been established, and the benefits of early ARV therapy are well known. Decisions about ARVs can be supported by the probability that the child has acquired HIV.Using 2005-2010 data from Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we developed a tool for use at birth to help predict HIV acquisition of HIV-exposed infants to support ARV management. A logistic regression model, fit using a fully Bayesian approach, was used to determine maternal variables predictive of infant HIV acquisition. We created a score index from these variables, established the sensitivity and specificity of each possible score, and determined the distribution of scores among infants, with and without HIV, in our study population.Multivariable analysis of data from 8740 HIV-exposed infants (176 infected and 8564 uninfected) yielded 4 maternal variables in the perinatal HIV acquisition prediction model: sexually transmitted infection, substance use, last HIV viral load before delivery and ARV use. Using the regression coefficient estimates, we rescaled each possible score to make the maximum score equal to 100. For each score, sensitivity and specificity were determined; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79. Median index scores for infants with HIV and without HIV were 43 (first quartile 27 and third quartile 60), and 12 (first quartile, 0 and thirs quartile, 29), respectively.Decisions to begin infants on 3 ARVs-whether considered therapeutic or prophylactic-can be supported by data available on the day of birth.
- Published
- 2019
44. Impact of Voluntary Folic Acid Fortification of Corn Masa Flour on RBC Folate Concentrations in the U.S. (NHANES 2011-2018)
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Krista S. Crider, Jennifer Williams, Christine M. Pfeiffer, Yan Ping Qi, Arick Wang, and Charles E. Rose
- Subjects
Maternal, Perinatal and Pediatric Nutrition ,0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Erythrocytes ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,food fortification ,Fortification ,Flour ,NTDs ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nutritional Status ,Reproductive age ,Zea mays ,Article ,corn masa ,Food and drug administration ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Folic Acid ,Medicine ,Humans ,TX341-641 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Anencephaly ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Food fortification ,Infant, Newborn ,food and beverages ,Hispanic or Latino ,Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Nutrition Surveys ,United States ,Cereal grain ,Folic acid fortification ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Turnover ,Food, Fortified ,Female ,RBC Folate ,business ,Acculturation ,Food Science - Abstract
Surveillance data have highlighted continued disparities in neural tube defects (NTDs) by race-ethnicity in the United States. Starting in 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) among infants of Hispanic women of reproductive age. To assess the impact of voluntary corn masa fortification, cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 for Hispanic women of reproductive age with available red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations were analyzed, with additional analyses conducted among Hispanic women whose sole source of folic acid intake was fortified foods (enriched cereal grain products (ECGP) only), excluding ready-to-eat cereals and supplements. RBC folate concentration (adjusted geometric mean) among Hispanic women of reproductive age did not differ between 2011–2016 and 2017–2018, though RBC folate concentration increased significantly among lesser acculturated Hispanic women consuming ECGP only. Concentrations of RBC folate for those born outside the U.S and residing in the U.S <, 15 years increased from 894 nmol/L (95% CI: 844–946) in 2011–2016 to 1018 nmol/L (95% CI: 982–1162, p <, 0.001) in 2017–2018. Primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic women of reproductive age who only consumed ECGP saw an increase from 941 nmol/L (95% CI: 895–990) in 2011–2016 to 1034 nmol/L (95% CI: 966–1107, p = 0.03) in 2017–2018. By subpopulation, we observed no significant changes in the proportion at risk of NTDs (<, 748 nmol/L) and no changes in the model-based estimated NTD rates following voluntary corn masa fortification. This analysis suggests that there is a remaining risk among Hispanics for folate sensitive NTDs, though continued monitoring of folate status in future NHANES data cycles will help inform the long-term efficacy of voluntary fortification of corn masa flour.
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- 2021
45. Anemia and Vitamin B-12 and Folate Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Southern India: Estimating Population-Based Risk of Neural Tube Defects
- Author
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Charles E. Rose, Shameem Jabbar, Christine M. Pfeiffer, Julia L. Finkelstein, Yan Ping Qi, Heather M Guetterman, Mindy Zhang, Jennifer Williams, Christina Johnson, Amy Fothergill, Wesley Bonam, Beena Bose, and Krista S. Crider
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Vitamin ,Anemia ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physiology ,NTDs ,India ,folate ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,AcademicSubjects/MED00060 ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Vitamin B12 ,periconceptional ,education ,vitamin B-12 ,education.field_of_study ,Pregnancy ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Neural tube defect ,business.industry ,Community and Global Nutrition ,medicine.disease ,Micronutrient ,ORIGINAL RESEARCH ,anemia ,chemistry ,surveillance ,Hemoglobin ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Background Women of reproductive age (WRA) are a high-risk population for anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. However, there are few representative population-level data from India, which could help inform evidence-based recommendations and policy. Objective To conduct a population-based biomarker survey of anemia and vitamin B-12 and folate status in WRA as part of a periconceptional surveillance program in southern India. Methods Participants were WRA (15–40 y) who were not pregnant or lactating. Whole blood (n = 979) was analyzed for hemoglobin via a Coulter counter (Coulter HMX). Plasma, serum, and RBCs were processed and stored at −80°C or less until batch analysis. Vitamin B-12 concentrations were measured via chemiluminescence; RBC and serum folate concentrations were evaluated via microbiological assay. Anemia and severe anemia were defined as hemoglobin
- Published
- 2021
46. Differences in rapid increases in county-level COVID-19 incidence by implementation of statewide closures and mask mandates — United States, June 1–September 30, 2020
- Author
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Catherine Clodfelter, Michael A. Tynan, Amanda Moreland, Maxim Gakh, Gi Jeong, Christina Vaughan Watson, Gregory Sunshine, Mara Howard-Williams, Sebnem Dugmeoglu, Brandy L. Peterson Maddox, Adebola Popoola, Julia Shelburne, Kelly Fletcher, Sharoda Dasgupta, Regen Weber, Gloria J. Kang, Michael Williams, Ryan Cramer, Siobhan Gilchrist, Alexa Limeres, Amanda Savage Brown, Rachel Silver, Ahmed M. Kassem, Lisa Landsman, Trieste Musial, Dawn Pepin, Tiebin Liu, Carol Y. Rao, Rachel Hulkower, Russell F. McCord, and Charles E. Rose
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Mitigation strategies ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Poisson regression ,0101 mathematics ,County level ,Estimation ,Mask mandates ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,010102 general mathematics ,State government ,Masks ,COVID-19 ,Limiting ,United States ,Communicable Disease Control ,symbols ,Closures ,business - Abstract
Background and Objective Community mitigation strategies could help reduce COVID-19 incidence, but there are few studies that explore associations nationally and by urbanicity. In a national county-level analysis, we examined the probability of being identified as a county with rapidly increasing COVID-19 incidence (rapid riser identification) during the summer of 2020 by implementation of mitigation policies prior to the summer, overall and by urbanicity. Methods We analyzed county-level data on rapid riser identification during June 1–September 30, 2020 and statewide closures and statewide mask mandates starting March 19 (obtained from state government websites). Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation were used to examine differences in the probability of rapid riser identification by implementation of mitigation policies (P-value Results Counties in states that closed for 0–59 days were more likely to become a rapid riser county than those that closed for >59 days, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas. The probability of becoming a rapid riser county was 43% lower among counties that had statewide mask mandates at reopening (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence intervals = 0.51–0.63); when stratified by urbanicity, associations were more pronounced in nonmetropolitan areas. Conclusions These results underscore the potential value of community mitigation strategies in limiting the COVID-19 spread, especially in nonmetropolitan areas.
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- 2021
47. Adapting the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to Identify and Quantify Development Among Children With Evidence of Zika Infection
- Author
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Georgina Peacock, Kim Kotzky, Nevin Krishna, Ashley Satterfield-Nash, Jeanne Bertolli, Ana Carolina Faria e Silva Santelli, Camille Smith, Jacob Elijah Attell, Isabela Ornelas Pereira, Jane Squires, and Charles E. Rose
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Microcephaly ,Population ,Context (language use) ,Standard score ,Article ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Developmental age ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Outbreak ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Child development ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
This article describes novel methods of applying the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3rd edition (ASQ-3) to assess and quantify developmental delay among children following the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. Many of the children with Zika virus infection were expected to have severe developmental delay. However, administering the ASQ-3 to caregivers of these children according to standard protocol would have screened for the overall presence of delay but not the severity of delay. We adopted an amended protocol for administration of the ASQ-3 to quantify the developmental functioning of children severely affected by Zika virus infection in this investigation. Protocols for administering the ASQ-3 among this population were drafted in consultation with developmental measurement experts and are presented here. Specific developmental estimates are discussed, including developmental age equivalents, developmental quotients, and developmental quotient z scores. The calculations of these estimates are presented with examples in the context of the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak and associated microcephaly among prenatally infected children from 2 states in northeastern Brazil. Potential applications of these methods for estimating developmental ability among similar pediatric populations are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
48. Association Between Social Vulnerability and a County's Risk for Becoming a COVID-19 Hotspot - United States, June 1-July 25, 2020
- Author
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Celeste Philip, Charles E. Rose, Eric Pevzner, Trieste Musial, Alexandra M. Oster, Gloria J. Kang, Sharoda Dasgupta, Amy E Cha, Andrew J. Leidner, Matthew D. Ritchey, Dale A. Rose, Kelly Fletcher, Julie Villanueva, Leandris Liburd, Emilio Dirlikov, and Virginia B. Bowen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Social Determinants of Health ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Ethnic group ,01 natural sciences ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Residence Characteristics ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,Pandemics ,Poverty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Incidence ,010102 general mathematics ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,United States ,Crowding ,Quartile ,Relative risk ,Risk assessment ,business ,Coronavirus Infections ,Social vulnerability ,Demography - Abstract
Poverty, crowded housing, and other community attributes associated with social vulnerability increase a community's risk for adverse health outcomes during and following a public health event (1). CDC uses standard criteria to identify U.S. counties with rapidly increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspot counties) to support health departments in coordinating public health responses (2). County-level data on COVID-19 cases during June 1-July 25, 2020 and from the 2018 CDC social vulnerability index (SVI) were analyzed to examine associations between social vulnerability and hotspot detection and to describe incidence after hotspot detection. Areas with greater social vulnerabilities, particularly those related to higher representation of racial and ethnic minority residents (risk ratio [RR] = 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4-6.4), density of housing units per structure (RR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.7-3.6), and crowded housing units (i.e., more persons than rooms) (RR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.8-2.3), were more likely to become hotspots, especially in less urban areas. Among hotspot counties, those with greater social vulnerability had higher COVID-19 incidence during the 14 days after detection (212-234 cases per 100,000 persons for highest SVI quartile versus 35-131 cases per 100,000 persons for other quartiles). Focused public health action at the federal, state, and local levels is needed not only to prevent communities with greater social vulnerability from becoming hotspots but also to decrease persistently high incidence among hotspot counties that are socially vulnerable.
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- 2020
49. Coronavirus Disease among Workers in Food Processing, Food Manufacturing, and Agriculture Workplaces
- Author
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Tia K.H. Dostal, Kristen M. Fedak, Michelle A Waltenburg, James C. Rajotte, Joshua L Clayton, Caitlin S. Pedati, Julia Murphy, Marilee Butterfield, David A. Crum, Farah S Ahmed, Julius Tonzel, Bernadette Gutierrez, Rachel H. Jervis, Julia C. Pringle, Hannah Kempher, Eileen M. Dunne, Meagan McLafferty, Matthew Donahue, Charles Rhea, Sheri Tubach, Cdc Covid Emergency Response Team, Erica Berl, Deepam Thomas, Bree Barbeau, Nichole Martz, Jennifer A. Dillaha, Brandy Darby, Courtney Tillman, Johanna Vostok, Kelly E. Kline, Michael J. Moore, Stacy Carpenter, Tristan Victoroff, Amanda Feldpausch, Rachel Radcliffe, Dale A. Rose, Meagan Chuey, Ernest Julian, Maria Fierro, Joni M. Scheftel, Dustin Ortbahn, Jason Cummins, Derry Stover, Amy Heinzerling, Abdoulaye Diedhiou, Andrea Leapley, Connie Austin, George Turabelidze, Anna Krueger, Karen Edge, Julie Gabel, Nicholas R. Graff, Margaret A. Honein, Ian W Pray, and Charles E. Rose
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Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,Food industry ,worker safety ,Epidemiology ,Expedited ,030231 tropical medicine ,Ethnic group ,coronavirus ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Occupational safety and health ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,respiratory infections ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Food Industry ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,viruses ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Coronavirus Disease among Workers in Food Processing, Food Manufacturing, and Agriculture Workplaces, United States ,Coronavirus ,Aged ,SARS ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,COVID-19 ,Agriculture ,Poultry farming ,Middle Aged ,United States ,zoonoses ,Infectious Diseases ,coronavirus disease ,occupational health ,Food processing ,Female ,business ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
We describe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US food manufacturing and agriculture workers and provide updated information on meat and poultry processing workers. Among 742 food and agriculture workplaces in 30 states, 8,978 workers had confirmed COVID-19; 55 workers died. Racial and ethnic minority workers could be disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
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- 2020
50. Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - United States, April-May 2020
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Michelle A, Waltenburg, Tristan, Victoroff, Charles E, Rose, Marilee, Butterfield, Rachel H, Jervis, Kristen M, Fedak, Julie A, Gabel, Amanda, Feldpausch, Eileen M, Dunne, Connie, Austin, Farah S, Ahmed, Sheri, Tubach, Charles, Rhea, Anna, Krueger, David A, Crum, Johanna, Vostok, Michael J, Moore, George, Turabelidze, Derry, Stover, Matthew, Donahue, Karen, Edge, Bernadette, Gutierrez, Kelly E, Kline, Nichole, Martz, James C, Rajotte, Ernest, Julian, Abdoulaye, Diedhiou, Rachel, Radcliffe, Joshua L, Clayton, Dustin, Ortbahn, Jason, Cummins, Bree, Barbeau, Julia, Murphy, Brandy, Darby, Nicholas R, Graff, Tia K H, Dostal, Ian W, Pray, Courtney, Tillman, Michelle M, Dittrich, Gail, Burns-Grant, Sooji, Lee, Alisa, Spieckerman, Kashif, Iqbal, Sean M, Griffing, Alicia, Lawson, Hugh M, Mainzer, Andreea E, Bealle, Erika, Edding, Kathryn E, Arnold, Tomas, Rodriguez, Sarah, Merkle, Kristen, Pettrone, Karen, Schlanger, Kristin, LaBar, Kate, Hendricks, Arielle, Lasry, Vikram, Krishnasamy, Henry T, Walke, Dale A, Rose, Margaret A, Honein, and Max, Zarate-Bermudez
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Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Meat ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Psychological intervention ,Ethnic group ,01 natural sciences ,Poultry ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Hygiene ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Food-Processing Industry ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,Pandemics ,media_common ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Poultry farming ,Middle Aged ,Health equity ,United States ,Occupational Diseases ,Aggregate data ,Female ,business ,Coronavirus Infections - Abstract
Meat and poultry processing facilities face distinctive challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). COVID-19 outbreaks among meat and poultry processing facility workers can rapidly affect large numbers of persons. Assessment of COVID-19 cases among workers in 115 meat and poultry processing facilities through April 27, 2020, documented 4,913 cases and 20 deaths reported by 19 states (1). This report provides updated aggregate data from states regarding the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19, the number and demographic characteristics of affected workers, and the number of COVID-19-associated deaths among workers, as well as descriptions of interventions and prevention efforts at these facilities. Aggregate data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths among workers identified and reported through May 31, 2020, were obtained from 239 affected facilities (those with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case in one or more workers) in 23 states.* COVID-19 was confirmed in 16,233 workers, including 86 COVID-19-related deaths. Among 14 states reporting the total number of workers in affected meat and poultry processing facilities (112,616), COVID-19 was diagnosed in 9.1% of workers. Among 9,919 (61%) cases in 21 states with reported race/ethnicity, 87% occurred among racial and ethnic minority workers. Commonly reported interventions and prevention efforts at facilities included implementing worker temperature or symptom screening and COVID-19 education, mandating face coverings, adding hand hygiene stations, and adding physical barriers between workers. Targeted workplace interventions and prevention efforts that are appropriately tailored to the groups most affected by COVID-19 are critical to reducing both COVID-19-associated occupational risk and health disparities among vulnerable populations. Implementation of these interventions and prevention efforts† across meat and poultry processing facilities nationally could help protect workers in this critical infrastructure industry.
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- 2020
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