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Hydraulic fracturing of tight sandstone reservoirs is an important method of developing this type of unconventional oil and gas resources. The evaluation of in-situ stress distribution and rock mechanical parameters of fractured wells is the prerequisite for fracturing design. Therefore, the development of a calculation method to evaluate the stress distribution and mechanical parameters of rocks, based on a single well in-situ stress data, is the key to establish the optimal fracturing design. In this paper, based on the correlation between the laboratory experimental data and the logging response, we have plotted the initial stress profile and then applied the proposed method of combining density curve and natural gamma curve to correct the calculation results. In the case of a limited number of wells, the obtained profile correction model demonstrated satisfactory matching with laboratory experimental data.

An organic ester p-nitrobenzyl acetate (PNBA) was synthesized and used to establish a kind of autogenic acid system through the hydrolysis of ester to acetic acid in situ. The autogenic acid system can form a homogeneous solution by adding an organic solvent. The autogenic acid system possesses the desired characteristic in which hydrolysis can generate a small amount of acetic acid below 120 °C and a large amount of acid above 140 °C in 2 h. The acid-generated ability at different time and temperature was studied in detail. The dissolution of solid calcium carbonate and carbonate rocks by the autogenic acid system was investigated. The autogenic acid displayed lower dissolution ability on a carbonate rock and weak corrosion of a N80 steel sheet at 150 °C. The autogenic acid is especially suitable for acid fracturing and dissolution of rocks in a high-temperature carbonate reservoir.

The clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huangqin decoction (HQD), is chronicled in Shang Han Lun and is widely used to ameliorate gastrointestinal disorders, such as UC; however, its mechanism is yet to be clarified.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HQD on 7-day colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and further explore the inhibitory effect of metabolites on DSS-damaged FHC cells.The therapeutic efficacy of HQD was evaluated in a well-established DSS-induced colitis mice model. The clinical symptoms were analyzed, and biological samples were collected for microscopic examination, metabolomics, metagenomics, and the evaluation of the epithelial barrier function. The mechanism of metabolites regulated by HQD was evaluated in the DSS-induced FHC cell damage model. The samples were collected to detect the physiological functions of the cells.HQD suppressed the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in vivo, attenuated DSS-induced clinical manifestations, reversed colon length reduction, and reduced histological injury. After HQD treatment, the DSS-induced gut dysbiosis was modulated, and the gut microbiota achieved a new equilibrium state. In addition, HQD activated the mTOR signaling pathway by upregulating amino acid metabolism. Significant phosphorylation of S6 and 4E-BP1 ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Moreover, HQD-regulated metabolites protected the epithelial barrier integrity by inhibiting DSS-induced apoptosis of FHC cells and regulating the proteins affecting apoptosis and cell-cell junction.These findings indicated that the mechanism of HQD was related to regulating the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, activating the mTOR signaling pathway, and protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Thrombopoietin (THPO) is well-known as a megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) involved in megakaryocyte proliferation and maturation. To explore the biological effects of THPO in gastric adenocarcinoma, we conducted this study. Methods: By accessing the TCGA database, the expression level of THPO was determined in tumor tissues. The association between THPO expression and clinical features, or prognostic significance was described by Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier. The SiRNA method was used to decline the THPO expression; then cell viability, invasion, and migration were detected to verify the effects of the knockdown of THPO. qPCR and western blotting were implemented to examine the expression level of THPO. Results: The expression of THPO was increased in tumor tissue and cells, its high-regulation was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Cell viability, invasion, and migration were suppressed in AGS with the down-regulation of THPO. Furthermore, on the basis of si-THPO transfection, E-cadherin was promoted while N-cadherin and Vimentin were attenuated. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that THPO may be a potent marker of gastric adenocarcinoma, providing a novel potential screening method for gastric adenocarcinoma. RESUMO OBJETIVO Trombopoetina (THPO) é um conhecido fator de desenvolvimento e crescimento megacariócito (MGDF) envolvido na proliferação e maturação de megacariócitos. Realizamos este estudo para explorar os efeitos biológicos do THPO no adenocarcinoma gástrico. Metodologia: O nível de expressão do THPO em tecidos tumorais foi determinado acessando a banco de dados TCGA. A associação entre a expressão de THPO e características clínicas ou relevância no prognóstico foi descrita através da análise de Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox. O método SiRNA foi utilizado para reduzir a expressão da THPO e, em seguida, a viabilidade, invasão, e migração celular foram detectadas para verificar os efeitos da redução do THPO. qPCR e western blotting foram utilizados para examinar o nível de expressão do THPO. Resultados: A expressão do THPO estava aumentada em tecido e células tumorais, esse aumento estava associado com um prognóstico negativo para pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico. A invasão e migração celular foram suprimidos em AGS com a redução do THPO. Além disso, com base na transfecção de si-THPO, a E-caderina foi promovida, enquanto a N-caderina e Vimentina foram atenuadas. Conclusão nossos resultados demonstram que o thpo pode ser um potente marcador de adenocarcinoma gástrico, com potencial para ser um novo tipo de triagem para adenocarcinoma gástrico.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, mainly including the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco and the pericarp of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi', has been consumed daily as food and dietary supplement for centuries. In this study, GC-MS based metabolomics was employed to compare comprehensively the volatile constituents in Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis indicated that samples could be distinguished effectively from one another. Fifteen metabolites were finally identified for use as chemical markers in discrimination of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium samples. The antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria of the volatile oil from Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' was investigated preliminarily.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Huangqin Decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) formula chronicled in Shang Han Lun, has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases for nearly 1800 years. Objective To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HQD on ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The bioactive compounds in HQD were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database. Then, the HQD and UC-related targets were analyzed by establishing HQD-Compounds-Targets (H–C-T) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Enrichment analysis was used for further study. The candidate targets for the effects of HQD on UC were validated using a dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mouse experiment. Results The results showed that 51 key targets were gained by matching 284 HQD-related targets and 837 UC-related targets. Combined with H–C-T and PPI network analyses, the key targets were divided into endothelial growth, inflammation and signal transcription-related targets. Further experimental validation showed that HQD targeted estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and endothelial growth factor receptors to relieve endothelial dysfunction, thereby improving intestinal barrier function. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and signal transducers was suppressed by HQD treatment and inflammation was inhibited. Conclusions HQD may acts on UC via the regulation of targets and pathways related to improving the intestinal mucosal barrier and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, ERS1 may be a new target to explore the mechanisms of UC.

Interference alignment (IA) is a data transmission scheme that achieves maximum multiplexing gains in interference channel. This study investigates the theoretical sum rate for IA. By analysing both the asymptotic eigenvalues distribution and the magnitude of the effective channel after interference cancellation in IA, a closed-form of sum rate expression is derived for Gaussian interference channel. Numerical results show that the closed-form results nearly coincide with that derived from numerical results of IA.

The powder of 3molY2O3-ZrO2 as the coating material sprayed on the surface of porous silicon nitride which porosity is more than 50% by Plasma Sprayed. The microstructure of the coating and the matrix was analysised. The performance change of porosity, strength and insulation, before and after spray, were researched.

The optimization of speed and area are the key points which must be put into consideration in FPGA/CPLD optimization design. In this paper, factors which affect the complexity of circuit structure are analyzed. The relationship which is difficult to balance between speed-optimization and area-optimization is also studied. Methods for speed-optimization and area-optimization are given respectively, and some examples in application are provided.

Radix Adenophorae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to have a variety of biological functions. In the present study, a polysaccharide component, Radix Adenophorae Polysaccharide (RAPS), was purified from Radix Adenophorae by decoloring with ADS-7 macroporous adsorption resin, DEAE-52 cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-300HR gel chromatography, with the purity of 98.3% and a molecular weight of 1.8 × 10(4) Da. The cell viability assay and microscopic examination revealed that RAPS promoted the proliferation and activation of macrophages. At 400 μg·mL(-1), RAPS stimulated RAW264.7 cell proliferation by 1.91-fold compared with the control. Meanwhile, RAPS significantly increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cell culture as determined by ELISA. At 400 μg·mL(-1), the production of TNF-iα was 20.8-fold higher than that of the control. Simultaneously, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased in RAW264.7 cells incubated with RAPS, as measured by Griess assay and Western blot analysis. The NO production of cells treated with RAPS (400 μg·mL(-1)) reached 15.8 μmol·L(-1), which was 30.4-fold higher than that of the control (0.53 μmol·L(-1)). These data suggested that RAPS may enhance the immune function and protect against exogenous pathogens by activating macrophages.

This paper employs the extended BLT equation to analyze the terminal response of lossy microstrip line illuminated by a plane wave. The paper yields the equivalent transmission line model of microstrip line by analyzing its distribution parameters. By treating the electromagnetic field coupling path as “tube” and considering coupled and scattered components of microstrip line, the paper advances original BLT equation to the extension one. Then, by employing the extended BLT equation, the solution to terminal response of lossy microstrip line illuminated by a plane wave is obtained. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of this technique.

AIM To study the rhein methylglucosidation biotransformed by Beauveria bassiana. METHODS Rhein was bio-transformed by Beauveria bassiana through growing culture. The fermentation broth was centrifuged and extracted with EtOAc, and then EtOAc extract was subjected to a series of chromatographic separation methods to afford a new compound. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by means of 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR technique. RESULTS The product was identified as a glycosylated derivative of rhein, and the structure was elucidated to be 7- O -(4′-methoxy-β- D -glucopyranoside)aloe-emodin (1). CONCLUSION The compound isolated is a new one.